Eragrostis superba Peyr.

6.1.3 Económico

En pastizales resembrados puede llegar a producir 1,200 kg/MS/ha, teniendo ganancias promedio de 710 g/GP/día (Cantú-Brito, 2006).

7.5 Plasticidad ambiental y tolerancia

Tolera pH de 4.5 a 8.0 y su tolerancia a la salinidad es baja, su resistencia a la sequía es alta. No se desarrolla a temperaturas menores de 10º C y donde la precipitación es de 250 - 350 mm. (Cantú-Brito, 2006; Peterson &Valdés-Reyna, 2005).

1.1 Descripción de la especie

Culmos de 20 a 120 cm de alto, cespitosos, erectos, glabros. Vainas aquilladas o redondeadas, glabras. Lígulas de 0.5 a 1.2 mm. Láminas planas, firmes, glaucas, hasta de 40 cm de largo por 10 mm de ancho. Inflorescencia una panícula abierta de 10 a 30 cm de largo, de lanceolada a ovada, ramas primarias firmes, ramificadas o racemosas. Espiguillas de 6 a 16 (-23) mm de largo por (-3) 4 a 10 mm de ancho, lanas, verdes o a veces pajizas, moradas a pardas, 4 a 22 flósculos, con desarticulación por debajo de las glumas, al madurar caen completas, pedicelos de 1 a 5 mm de largo. Glumas lanceoladas en vista lateral, casi iguales de 2 a 4 mm de largo. Lemas de 3 a 4.5 mm de largo, ovadas y angostas en vista lateral, obtusas, aquilladas, escabriúsculas sobre las quillas. Páleas 2-nervadas, con los nervios engrosados, cartilaginosas, con un ala hialina y ciliada. Cariópsis elipsoidal, de 1 a 1.5 mm de largo. Flor 3 anteras de 2 mm de largo (Beetle et al., 1991; Cantú-Brito, 2006).

4.3 Forma de dispersión o propagación

Por semilla (Cantú-Brito, 2006).

4.7 Longevidad

Perenne (Beetle et al., 1991).

3.4 Hábitat- SNIB - CONABIO, 2007

Suelos profundos, crece en terrenos secos de los 480 a 1650 m. Esta gramínea se desarrolla en suelos fuertemente ácidos y de textura media. Puede crecer en laderas rocosas, planicies arenosas y a la orilla de carreteras (Cantú-Brito, 2006).

1.8 Usos de la especie

En áreas donde se reporta como invasora es usada como ornamental y forrajero, es también una especie muy utilizada en el control de la erosión y programas de conservación (Beetle et al., 1991; Elizondo et al., 1990).

Agropecuario

Uso agropecuario regular (Elizondo et al., 1990; Peterson &Valdés-Reyna, 2005).

Known in South Africa as Hartjesgras, it is said to be a moderately good species for pasture and for making into hay.

Caespitose perennial; culms 20-120 cm high, erect. Leaf-blades flat, up to 40 cm long and 10 mm wide, firm, glaucous. Panicle lanceolate to broadly ovate, 10-30 cm long; primary branches stout, usually with secondary branchlets but sometimes almost raceme-like, the spikelets on short pedicles 1-5 mm long. Spikelets 6-28 (-47)-flowered, narrowly ovate to suborbicular, 6-16(23) mm long, 3-10 mm wide, strongly flattened, green tinged with brownish purple, disarticulating below the glumes at maturity and falling entire; glumes lanceolate in side-view, subequal, 24 mm long; lemma narrowly ovate in side-view, 3-4.5 mm long, strongly keeled, the keel scaberulous, narrowly obtuse; palea 2-nerved, the nerves thickened, cartilaginous and bearing a hyaline minutely ciliolate wing; anthers 3, 2 mm long. Caryopsis ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm long.

Distribution: Pakistan (Sind, introduced); a native of tropical and South Africa; an exotic introduction in India and Pakistan.

superba: superb, proud

Perennial tufted grass, up to 1,2 m. Inflorescence a panicle. Spikelets straw-coloured to pinkish, large, oval and conspicuously flattened with typically serrated edges.

Sudan southwards to S Africa

Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, S tems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes solid or spongy, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath hairy at summit, throat, or collar, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule a fringe of hairs, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 3-7 florets, Spikelets with 8-40 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes 1 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea shorter than lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Palea keels winged, scabrous, or ciliate, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellips oid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.

Die hartjiesgras (Eragrostis superba Peyr.) is 'n grasspesie wat inheems is aan Suid-Afrika. Dit kom veral in Vrystaat, Noordwes, Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga en KwaZulu-Natal voor, maar word ook in Namibië, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Eswatini en Mosambiek aangetref. Op die SANBI-rooilys is dit as 'veilig' (LC) gelys.

Plant

Blompakkies

Eragrostis superba is a species of perennial tufted grass in the family Poaceae. It is a palatable forage species but occurs at low densities.

It occurs from Sudan to South Africa, and flowers during the rainy season. The large, flat and oval-shaped spikelets are carried in long panicles. They have serrated edges and a purple or pinkish hue when fresh. It is native to sandy soils in open woodlands or sparse grassland, up to about 1,500 m in altitude, or occurs as a pioneer in disturbed areas.

Eragrostis superba là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được Peyr. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1860.