dcsimg

Praecoxanthus ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

Praecoxanthus aphyllus, commonly known as leafless orchid, is the only species of the flowering plant genus Praecoxanthus in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Plants in flower lack a true leaf, although those plants that are not flowering do possess a green leaf. This species is one of the first orchids to flower each year and its creamy white, fragrant flower easily distinguishes it from other species.

Description

Praecoxanthus aphyllus is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a few inconspicuous, fine roots and a tuber partly surrounded by a fibrous sheath. The tuber produces a replacement "dropper" which becomes the daughter tuber in the following year. Non-flowering plants produce a single, stalkless, egg-shaped leaf which is 20–40 mm (0.8–2 in) long, 8–20 mm (0.3–0.8 in) wide and glabrous with prominent white veins. The leaf of flowering plants is reduced to a tiny bract at the base of the stem.[2][3][4]

There is a single resupinate flower on the end of a wiry, glabrous stem 20–40 cm (8–20 in) high. The flower is 2–4 cm (0.8–2 in) wide and long. The three sepals and two petals are spreading, creamy-white, free and similar in size and shape to each other. As is usual in orchids, one petal is highly modified as the central labellum. The labellum has three lobes and is purple, green and yellow with two irregular rows of stalked, club-like calli. The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column, which has wing-like structures on its sides and are widest at the base. Flowering occurs from March to May and the fruit that follows is a non-fleshy, hairy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.[2][3][4]

Labelled image

Taxonomy and naming

Leafless orchid was first formally described in 1837 by George Bentham who gave it the name Caladenia aphylla and published the description in Flora Australiensis.[5][6] In 2000, Stephen Hopper and Andrew Brown described the genus Praecoxanthus and included this species.[7]

The genus name "Praecoxanthus" is derived from the Latin word praecox meaning "premature" or "precocious"[8]: 629  and the Ancient Greek anthos meaning "flower".[8]: 54  The specific epithet "aphyllus" is derived from the Ancient Greek prefix "a-" meaning "without"[8]: 62  and phyllon meaning "leaf".[8]: 605 

Ecology

Leafless orchid flowers are highly fragrant and attract native bees. The yellow calli on a purple labellum resemble pollen-bearing stamens but the flower is nectarless,[4] attracting the insects to an absent reward.[9]

Distribution and habitat

This orchid usually grows in sandy soils in woodland but near Esperance tends to grow in low heath with sub-soil moisture. Unlike some orchids, they do not usually grow in colonies and individuals are well-spaced.[2][10] It occurs between Pinjarra and Albany and in a coastal strip east to Esperance[2] in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions.[11][12]

Conservation

Praecoxanthus aphyllus is classified as "Not Threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[11]

References

  1. ^ "Praecoxanthus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. pp. 210–212. ISBN 9780646562322.
  3. ^ a b "Praecoxanthus". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. ^ a b c Pridgeon, Alec M.; Cribb, Phillip J.; Chase, Mark W.; Rasmussen, Finn, eds. (2001). Genera Orchidacearum, Volume 2, Orchidoideae (part 1). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 113–115. ISBN 0198507100.
  5. ^ "Caladenia aphylla". APNI. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  6. ^ Bentham, George (1837). Flora Australiensis. Vol. 6. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. p. 387. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  7. ^ "Praecoxanthus aphyllus". APNI. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  9. ^ Groom, Philip K. Groom; Lamont, Byron (2014). Plant Life of Southwestern Australia Adaptations for Survival. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 138. ISBN 9783110370164.
  10. ^ Archer, William (21 July 2008). "Praecoxanthus aphyllus". Esperance Wildflowers. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  11. ^ a b "Praecoxanthus aphyllus". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  12. ^ Paczkowska, Grazyna; Chapman, Alex R. (2000). The Western Australian flora : a descriptive catalogue. Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. p. 87. ISBN 0646402439.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EN

Praecoxanthus: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

Praecoxanthus aphyllus, commonly known as leafless orchid, is the only species of the flowering plant genus Praecoxanthus in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Plants in flower lack a true leaf, although those plants that are not flowering do possess a green leaf. This species is one of the first orchids to flower each year and its creamy white, fragrant flower easily distinguishes it from other species.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EN

Praecoxanthus ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia ES

Praecoxanthus es un género monotípico de orquídeas perteneciente a la subfamilia Orchidoideae. Su única especie, Praecoxanthus aphyllus (Benth.) Hopper & A.P.Br., es originaria del sudoeste de Australia.[1]

Descripción

Es una orquídea de tamaño pequeño o mediano, que prefiere el clima fresco al frío. Tiene hábito terrestre con hojas de dos formas diferentes, la forma de no floración tiene una sola hoja, sin pelos, de color verde oscuro, blanco por el haz, de color rojo por el envés, elíptica y obtusa. La forma de floración no tiene hojas, sino una sola bráctea basal, y una pequeña y erecta inflorescencia de 20 a 45 cm de largo, con solo una flor muy olorosa que se produce en el otoño.[2]

Distribución

Se encuentra en Australia Occidental, en las llanuras costeras en el matorral bajo y en los bosques en alturas desde el nivel del mar hasta los 350 metros.

Sinonimia

  • Caladenia aphylla Benth., Fl. Austral. 6: 387 (1873).[1]

Referencias

  1. a b «Praecoxanthus». Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2011.
  2. Jay Pfahl. «Praecoxanthus». Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia (en inglés). Consultado el 3 de junio de 2011.

 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia ES

Praecoxanthus: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia ES

Praecoxanthus es un género monotípico de orquídeas perteneciente a la subfamilia Orchidoideae. Su única especie, Praecoxanthus aphyllus (Benth.) Hopper & A.P.Br., es originaria del sudoeste de Australia.​

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia ES

Praecoxanthus ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

Praecoxanthus é um género botânico de plantas geófitas pertencente à família das orquídeas, ou Orchidaceae, endêmico do sudoeste da Austrália,[1] entre onde ocorre até 350 metros de altitude. É o único gênero da subtribo Caladeniinae em que as folhas estão ausentes a partir do momento em que as plantas atingem tamanho suficiente para florescer. As folhas somente existem em plantas jovens e são as únicas a apresentarem veias esbranquiçadas. Só existe uma espécie deste gênero, o Praecoxanthus aphyllus. Florescem no começo do outono. O nome do gênero vem do latim, praecox, precoce, e do grego, anthus, flor, em referência à época de floração desta espécie, antes que quase todas as outras deste grupo.[2]

Publicação e Sinônimos

  • Praecoxanthus Hopper & A.P.Br., Lindleyana 15: 124 (2000).

Espécie tipo:

  • Caladenia aphylla Benth., Fl. Austral. 6: 387 (1873).

Espécies

  • Praecoxanthus aphyllus (Benth.) Hopper & A.P.Br., Lindleyana 15: 124 (2000).

Sinônimos homotípicos:

  • Caladenia aphylla Benth., Fl. Austral. 6: 387 (1873).

Referências

  1. R. Govaerts et al.: World Checklist of Orchidaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. «Publicado na Internet» (em inglês) (Consultada em fevereiro de 2013).
  2. David L. Jones (2006). Praecoxanthus in Native Orchids of Australia:43. Reed Natural History Australia (Publ.) ISBN 9781877069123

Govaerts & al. 2013. Praecoxanthus em World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Publicado na internet. Accesso: 06 de fevereiro de 2013.

Ver também

 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia PT

Praecoxanthus: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

Praecoxanthus é um género botânico de plantas geófitas pertencente à família das orquídeas, ou Orchidaceae, endêmico do sudoeste da Austrália, entre onde ocorre até 350 metros de altitude. É o único gênero da subtribo Caladeniinae em que as folhas estão ausentes a partir do momento em que as plantas atingem tamanho suficiente para florescer. As folhas somente existem em plantas jovens e são as únicas a apresentarem veias esbranquiçadas. Só existe uma espécie deste gênero, o Praecoxanthus aphyllus. Florescem no começo do outono. O nome do gênero vem do latim, praecox, precoce, e do grego, anthus, flor, em referência à época de floração desta espécie, antes que quase todas as outras deste grupo.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia PT

Praecoxanthus ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Praecoxanthus là một chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Lan.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Praecoxanthus. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 8 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Phân họ Lan này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.


licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia VI

Praecoxanthus: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Praecoxanthus là một chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Lan.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia VI