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Plancia ëd Bombus borealis Kirby 1837
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Bombus borealis Kirby 1837

Conservation Status

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Of concern, populations appear to be declining (Grixti et al. 2009).
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Cyclicity

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Among the latest of Bombus species to emerge from hibernation and establish nests in spring (Hobbs 1966).
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Distribution

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Western and eastern neartic regions (Williams 1998).
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General Description

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"Bombus borealis belongs to the subgenus Subterraneobombus in which females can be distinguished by small ocelli at the supraorbital line (Thorp et al. 1983), while males can be distinguished by spoon-shaped penis valvesthat are turned inwardsas well as the presence of a raised longitudinal keel posteriorly on sternum 6 (Williams et al. 2008)B. borealis individuals have white pile on the face between the eyes;the fifth antennal segment is longer than the fourth or third;the first four abdominal segments are covered with yellow pile, while the remaining segments are black;and the outer surface of the male hind tibia is concave (Franklin 1912). The length of the queen varies from 15 mm to 19 mm; her wing spread from 32 mm to 39 mm; and the width of the second abdominal segment 8 mm to 9.5 mm. Workers vary in length from 10 mm to 15 mm; in wing spread from 26 mm to 32 mm; and in width of the second abdominal segment from 6.5 mm to 8 mm. Males range in length from 12 mm to 15 mm; in wing spread from 26 mm to 31 mm; and in width of second abdominal segment from 6 mm to 7.5 mm (Franklin 1912)."
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Habitat

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Prairie habitats with surface and underground nests (Hobbs 1966).
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Life Cycle

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Alford (1975) outlines the life history of Bombus borealis. Newly mated B. borealis queens overwinter beneath the soil litter and emerge from their hibernacula in late spring. Queens are transitory for a time, growing in size while collecting pollen and looking for a suitable nest. Once a suitable nest has been found, the queen constructs an apple sized hollow structure within it. The queen deposits her eggs within a mound of pollen on the floor of the structure; she also constructs a honeypot for storing nectar. Newly hatched larvae begin consuming the pollen mound, requiring the queen to continue provisioning it. The queen periodically incubates her brood by sitting upon it and respiring to generate body heat. The larvae spin cocoons in the final instars, as do the pupa; the cocoons may be re-used later for storage of pollen or nectar. Upon pupation, the emerged adults take nectar from the honey pot. Once the nest consists of the new young workers and the queen it can be considered a social unit and is referred to as a colony. Subsequent generations are produced differently from the first: new eggs are laid in clumps in cells atop the pupating first generation of workers, and workers are now responsible for provisioning of the growing larva and the honey pot. The caste differentiation of each generation varies throughout the year, with the first generations containing all workers, followed by a worker/male split, followed by mostly males, followed by a male/queen split, followed by mostly queens. The factor initiating queen production has not been established but it appears the colony must reach a size capable of maintaining nest temperatures and food stores before queens are produced. Young queens remain in the colony and will mate during their first week. Males leave the hive and do not return; they establish a methodical flight path and mate with encountered queens. Hobbs (1966) reported that males of B. borealis will attempt to mate with queens in the nest, a behaviour seen in select other Bombus subgenera. Only the newly mated queens will overwinter in hibernacula; males, founder queens, and all workers perish.
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Trophic Strategy

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Largely unknown; queens have been observed foraging on wild licorice, Glycyrrhizalepidotaof the family Leguminosae (Hobbs 1966).
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Bombus borealis ( Anglèis )

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Pinned specimen

Bombus borealis is a species of bumblebee known commonly as the northern amber bumblebee.[2][1] It is native to northern North America, where it occurs across Canada and Alaska and the northern and eastern contiguous United States.[1]

The queen is 1.8 to 2.2 centimeters long. It has yellow hairs on the body and pale to white hairs on the head. The worker is similar in coloration and measures 1.3 centimeters in length. The male is 1.4 to 1.7 centimeters long.[3]

This species is generally found in woodland habitat. It usually nests underground, and males congregate nearby to seek mates. This species feeds on several plant taxa, including milkvetches, thistles, wild blackberries, goldenrods, comfrey, clovers, and vetches.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Hatfield, R., et al. 2015. Bombus borealis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 04 March 2016.
  2. ^ NatureServe. 2015. Bombus borealis. NatureServe Explorer Version 7.1. Accessed 4 March 2016.
  3. ^ Mitchell, T. B. 1962. Bombus borealis. Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 152. Reprinted at Discover Life.
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Bombus borealis: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Pinned specimen

Bombus borealis is a species of bumblebee known commonly as the northern amber bumblebee. It is native to northern North America, where it occurs across Canada and Alaska and the northern and eastern contiguous United States.

The queen is 1.8 to 2.2 centimeters long. It has yellow hairs on the body and pale to white hairs on the head. The worker is similar in coloration and measures 1.3 centimeters in length. The male is 1.4 to 1.7 centimeters long.

This species is generally found in woodland habitat. It usually nests underground, and males congregate nearby to seek mates. This species feeds on several plant taxa, including milkvetches, thistles, wild blackberries, goldenrods, comfrey, clovers, and vetches.

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Bombus borealis ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Bombus borealis es una especie de abejorro.[1][2]

Es nativa del norte de Norteamérica, donde se encuentra en Canadá y Alaska y en el norte y este de los Estados Unidos contiguos.[2]

La reina mide de 1,8 a 2,2 centímetros. Tiene pelos amarillos en el cuerpo y pelos pálidos a blancos en la cabeza. La obrera es similar en coloración y mide 1,3 centímetros de largo. El macho mide de 1,4 a 1,7 centímetros.[3]

Esta especie se encuentra generalmente en bosques. Por lo general anida bajo tierra, y los machos se congregan para buscar pareja. Esta especie se alimenta de varios taxones de plantas, incluyendo Astragalus, cardos, zarzas silvestres, vara de oro, consuelda, tréboles y vezas. [2]

Referencias

  1. NatureServe. 2015. Bombus borealis. NatureServe Explorer Version 7.1. Accessed 4 March 2016.
  2. a b c Hatfield, R., et al. 2015. Bombus borealis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 04 March 2016.
  3. Mitchell, T. B. 1962. Bombus borealis. Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 152. Reprinted at Discover Life.
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Bombus borealis: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Bombus borealis es una especie de abejorro.​​

Es nativa del norte de Norteamérica, donde se encuentra en Canadá y Alaska y en el norte y este de los Estados Unidos contiguos.​

La reina mide de 1,8 a 2,2 centímetros. Tiene pelos amarillos en el cuerpo y pelos pálidos a blancos en la cabeza. La obrera es similar en coloración y mide 1,3 centímetros de largo. El macho mide de 1,4 a 1,7 centímetros.​

Esta especie se encuentra generalmente en bosques. Por lo general anida bajo tierra, y los machos se congregan para buscar pareja. Esta especie se alimenta de varios taxones de plantas, incluyendo Astragalus, cardos, zarzas silvestres, vara de oro, consuelda, tréboles y vezas. ​

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Bombus borealis ( olandèis; flamand )

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Insecten

Bombus borealis is een vliesvleugelig insect uit de familie bijen en hommels (Apidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1837 door Kirby.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
16-12-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Bombus borealis ( svedèis )

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Bombus borealis (saknar svenskt namn) är en insekt i överfamiljen bin (Apoidea) och släktet humlor (Bombus) som lever i Nordamerika.

Utseende

Huvudet har övervägande ljus päls hos honorna (drottning och arbetare) men med mera mörk behåring hos hanen. Mellankroppen är övervägande gul, dock med ett svart område mellan vingarna. Hos honorna är de fyra främre segmenten av bakkroppen gula, och de två sista svarta. Hos hanen är också de fyra främre bakkroppsegmenten gula, de två följande med blandad gul och svart behåring så att de två segmenten framstår som tvärrandiga, och det sista svart. Längden är mellan 18 och 22 mm för drottningen, omkring 13 mm för arbetarna, och mellan 14 och 17 mm för hanen.[2] Arten påminner om Bombus fervidus. Den är långtungad.[3]

Ekologi

Drottningarna är aktiv från maj till september, arbetarna från juni till augusti, och hanarna från juli till september.[3] Humlan besöker bland andra apel,[2] fackelblomster[4], kärrspira[5], tranbär[6], vickrar, tistlar, astrar, brunörter äkta vallört och flocklar[3].

Boet är underjordiskt[3].

Utbredning

Bombus borealis finns i södra Kanada frän Nova Scotia till Alberta samt norra USA från Maine till New Jersey i söder, och North och South Dakota i väster.[7] Tillfälliga fynd i sydöstra USA har också gjorts.[8] Den är ingenstans särskilt vanlig.[3]

Källor

  1. ^ Subterraneobombus (på engelska). Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/bombus/st.html. Läst 17 januari 2015.
  2. ^ [a b c] ”Bombus borealis Kirby, 1837” (på engelska). Discover Life. http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Bombus+borealis. Läst 3 mars 2010.
  3. ^ [a b c d e] Sheila Colla, Leif Richardson och Paul Williams (2010). ”Bumble Bees of the Eastern United States” (på engelska) (5,65 MB). USDA Forest Service & Pollinator Partnership. sid. 34–35. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/bombus/Colla&al11_EBG.pdf. Läst 21 februari 2015.
  4. ^ Wade D. Caswell (2008). ”Reproductive Biology and Nectary Structure of Lythrum in Central Saskatchewan” (på engelska) (PDF). University of Saskatchewan. http://library2.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-08222008-134418/unrestricted/WadeCaswell_2008_MSc_Lythrum.pdf. Läst 2 mars 2010.
  5. ^ Lazarus Walter Macior (1993). ”Pollination Ecology of Pedicularis palustris in North America” (på engelska) (PDF). The Ohio Journal of Science. http://library2.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-08222008-134418/unrestricted/WadeCaswell_2008_MSc_Lythrum.pdf. Läst 2 mars 2010.
  6. ^ Isabelle le Duc, Caroline Turcotte (2009). ”Eastern Canada Cranberry IPM Manual” (på engelska) (PDF). Health Canada / Santé Canada. http://www.gnb.ca/0027/60/2009/images/ipm-e.pdf. Läst 2 mars 2010.
  7. ^ ”North American bumblebees” (på engelska). Bumblebee.org. http://www.bumblebee.org/NorthAmerica.htm. Läst 5 mars 2015.
  8. ^ ”Map of Bombus borealis” (på engelska). Discover Life. http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20m?kind=Bombus+borealis. Läst 3 mars 2010.
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Bombus borealis: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

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Bombus borealis (saknar svenskt namn) är en insekt i överfamiljen bin (Apoidea) och släktet humlor (Bombus) som lever i Nordamerika.

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Bombus borealis ( vietnamèis )

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Bombus borealis là một loài Hymenoptera trong họ Apidae. Loài này được Kirby mô tả khoa học năm 1837.[2]

Chú thích

Tham khảo


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Bombus borealis: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Bombus borealis là một loài Hymenoptera trong họ Apidae. Loài này được Kirby mô tả khoa học năm 1837.

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