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Sclerurus rufigularis ( Asturian )

fornì da wikipedia AST
Map marker icon – Nicolas Mollet – Birds – Nature – white.png Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

'''Sclerurus rufigularis[2][3] ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Furnariidae que vive en Suramérica.

Descripción

El tirahojas piquicorto mide unos 15 cm de llargu.[4] El so plumaxe ye de color pardu uniforme col gargüelu y parte cimeru del pechu de tonos anaranxaos. La so cola ye de color coritu. D'apariencia similar a Sclerurus mexicanus pero col picu más curtiu (1,5 cm). Dambos sexos tienen un aspeutu similar.

Distribución y hábitat

Distribuyir pol norte de la cuenca del Amazones y les estribaciones de los Andes hasta los 800 m.[4] Alcuéntrase en Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, la Guayana francesa, Guyana, Perú, Surinam y Venezuela.[1] El so hábitat natural ye les selva húmeda tropicales de rexones baxes.

Referencies

  1. 1,0 1,1 BirdLife International. «Sclerurus rufigularis» (inglés). Llista Roxa d'especies amenazaes de la UICN 2011.1.
  2. Nomes de les aves del mundu encamentaos pola SEO 8ª parte p. 106.
  3. Tirahojas Piquicorto (Sclerurus rufigularis) Pelzeln, 1868 en Avibase
  4. 4,0 4,1 Thomas S. Schulenberg (2010) Birds of Peru Princeton University Press, p. 336. ISBN 978-0-691-13023-1

Enllaces esternos

Protonotaria-citrea-002 edit.jpg Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Sclerurus rufigularis: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Sclerurus rufigularis Map marker icon – Nicolas Mollet – Birds – Nature – white.png Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

'''Sclerurus rufigularis ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Furnariidae que vive en Suramérica.

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Crafwr dail pigfyr ( Galèis )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Crafwr dail pigfyr (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: crafwyr dail pigfyr) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Sclerurus rufigularis; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Short-billed leafscraper. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Adar Pobty (Lladin: Furnariidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. rufigularis, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2]

Teulu

Mae'r crafwr dail pigfyr yn perthyn i deulu'r Adar Pobty (Lladin: Furnariidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Bochwen frown Pseudocolaptes lawrencii Bochwen resog Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii.jpg
Cropiwr coronog Lepidocolaptes affinis
Spot-crowned Woodcreeper.jpg
Cropiwr daear gyddfwyn Upucerthia albigula
Upucerthia albigula -Peru-8.jpg
Cropiwr pen rhesog Lepidocolaptes souleyetii
Flickr - Rainbirder - Streak-headed Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes souleyetii).jpg
Cropiwr picoch Hylexetastes perrotii
Hylexetastes perrotii - Red-billed Woodcreeper; Ramal do Pau Rosa, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg
Cropiwr sythbig Dendroplex picus
Straight-billed Woodcreeper.jpg
Cropiwr Zimmer Dendroplex kienerii
Dendroplex kienerii - Zimmer's Woodcreeper.JPG
Lloffwr dail brith Syndactyla guttulata
AnabazenopsGuttulatusJennens.jpg
Llostfain llwyni rhesog Leptasthenura striata
Streaked Tit-spinetail.jpg
Rhedwr bach y paith Ochetorhynchus phoenicurus
Eremobius phoenicurus - Gould.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Crafwr dail pigfyr: Brief Summary ( Galèis )

fornì da wikipedia CY

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Crafwr dail pigfyr (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: crafwyr dail pigfyr) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Sclerurus rufigularis; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Short-billed leafscraper. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Adar Pobty (Lladin: Furnariidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. rufigularis, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.

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Short-billed leaftosser ( Anglèis )

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The short-billed leaftosser (Sclerurus rufigularis) is a species of bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

The short-billed leaftosser's taxonomy is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assign it these four subspecies:[2][3]

  • S. r. fulvigularis Todd, 1920
  • S. r. furfurosus Todd, 1948
  • S. r. brunnescens Todd, 1948
  • S. r. rufigularis Pelzeln, 1868

The Clements taxonomy includes S. r. furfurosus within S. r. brunnescens.[4]

This article follows the four-subspecies model.

Description

The short-billed leaftosser is a stocky bird with a short tail, and has the shortest bill of the Sclerurus leaftossers. It is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 19 to 25 g (0.67 to 0.88 oz). The sexes are alike. The nominate subspecies S. r. rufigularis has a dark brown face, sometimes with paler lores and supercilium. Its crown is dark brown with a reddish cast. Its back is dark reddish brown, its rump chestnut-brown, and its uppertail coverts darker chestnut-brown. Its wings are dark reddish brown and its tail is sooty blackish with some faint reddish brown. Its throat and malar are dull orange-rufous that darkens and becomes richer on its upper breast, which has narrow pale streaks. The rest of its breast is darker still and becomes less chestnut to the rich reddish brown belly and flanks. Its iris is dark gray-brown to brown, its maxilla black to gray, its mandible bicolored, and its legs and feet black, brownish, or gray. Juveniles have a duller and browner rump but are otherwise like adults.[5]

Subspecies S. r. fulvigularis is more olive-brown than reddish brown. It has a paler throat throat than the nominate and a darker upper breast with wider rufous streaks. S. r. brunnescens is similar to fulvigularis but darker and even less reddish. S. r. furfurosus is overall paler than the nominate.[5]

Distribution and habitat

The subspecies of the short-billed leaftosser are found thus:[2][5]

  • S. r. fulvigularis, from southern Venezuela east through the Guianas into northern Brazil
  • S. r. furfurosus, northern Brazil north of the Amazon River
  • S. r. brunnescens, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil all north of the Amazon
  • S. r. rufigularis, northeastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and southwestern and south-central Brazil, all south of the Amazon

The short-billed leaftosser inhabits lowland tropical terra firme evergreen forest. In elevation it ranges from near sea level up to 500 m (1,600 ft) in Brazil, is rare and local up to 300 m (1,000 ft) in Ecuador, and is found as high as 1,800 m (5,900 ft) in Colombia though usually lower.[5][6][7][8]

Behavior

Movement

The short-billed leaftosser is a year-round resident throughout its range.[5]

Feeding

The short-billed leaftosser forages mostly on the ground, flipping aside leaves and gleaning from the ground and leaf litter while hopping rather than walking. Its diet of invertebrates includes spiders, insect egg cases, ants, beetle larvae, adult beetles, and winged termites.[5][9]

Breeding

The short-billed leaftosser's breeding biology is almost unknown. It is assumed to nest in a burrow like others of its genus.[5]

Vocalization

The short-billed leaftosser's song is "a high-pitched fast series of notes" that successively descend, ascend and accelerate, and become level and slower. Its call has been described as "suip" and as an extremely high "siew siew".[5][6]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the short-billed leaftosser as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It is generally locally uncommon to rare though fairly common in Venezuela, and occurs in many protected areas. It shuns fragmented and selectively logged forest.[5][9]

References

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Short-billed Leaftosser Sclerurus rufigularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22702965A93896969. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22702965A93896969.en. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
  3. ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
  4. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Short-billed Leaftosser (Sclerurus rufigularis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.shblea1.01 retrieved April 28, 2023
  6. ^ a b van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
  7. ^ Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
  8. ^ McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.
  9. ^ a b Mestre, Luiz Augusto Macedo; Cohn-Haft, Mario; Dias, Manoel Martins (2010). "Diet and prey availability of terrestrial insectivorous birds prone to extinction in Amazonian forest fragments". Curitiba. 53 (6): 1371–1381. doi:10.1590/S1516-89132010000600014.

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Short-billed leaftosser: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The short-billed leaftosser (Sclerurus rufigularis) is a species of bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

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Sclerurus rufigularis ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El tirahojas piquicorto[3]​ (Sclerurus rufigularis), también denominado raspahojas de pico corto, raspahojas piquicorto (en Colombia), tira-hoja de pico corto (en Perú) o raspa hoja pechianteado (en Venezuela),[4]​ es una especie de ave paseriforme perteneciente al género Sclerurus de la familia Furnariidae. Es nativo de la cuenca amazónica y del escudo guayanés en Sudamérica.

Distribución y hábitat

Se distribuye por el sureste de Colombia, sur y este de Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Guayana francesa, casi toda la Amazonia brasileña, este de Ecuador, noreste de Perú y este de Bolivia.[5]

Esta especie es considerada poco común en su hábitat natural, el suelo o cerca de él, en el interior de selvas húmedas de baja altitud, principalmente por debajo de los 500 m.[6]

Descripción

El tirahojas piquicorto mide unos 15 cm de longitud.[7]​ Su plumaje es de color pardo uniforme con la garganta y parte superior del pecho de tonos anaranjados. Su cola es de color negruzco. De apariencia similar a Sclerurus mexicanus pero con el pico más corto (1,5 cm). Ambos sexos tienen un aspecto similar.

Sistemática

Descripción original

La especie S. rufigularis fue descrita por primera vez por el ornitólogo austríaco August von Pelzeln en 1868 bajo el mismo nombre científico; localidad tipo «Borba, Amazonas, Río Madeira, Brasil.»[5]

Etimología

El nombre genérico masculino «Sclerurus» deriva del griego «sklēros»: rígido, y «oura»: cola; significando «de cola rígida»;[8]​ y el nombre de la especie «rufigularis», proviene del latín «rufus»: rufo y «gularis»: de garganta; significando «de garganta rufa».[9]

Taxonomía

Las similitudes de plumaje sugieren a la mayoría de los autores que la presente especie es hermana de Sclerurus mexicanus.[5]

Subespecies

Según la clasificación del Congreso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC)[10]​ se reconocen cuatro subespecies, con su correspondiente distribución geográfica:[5]

La clasificación Clements Checklist v.2018,[11]​ no reconoce a la subespecie furfurosus.

Referencias

  1. BirdLife International (2016). «Sclerurus rufigularis». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2018.1 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 1 de noviembre de 2018.
  2. Pelzeln, A. von (1868(7) — 1870). Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens: Resultate von Johann Natterers Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835 (en alemán y latín) (Abth.I, II: 1868; Abth. III, IV: 1870). pp. i-iv, 1-462, I-LIX, 1-18, 2 mapas. Wien (Viena): A. Pichler's Witwe & Sohn, 1871. Sclerurus rufigularis, descripción original Abth.2, p.87. Disponible en Biodiversitas Heritage Library.
  3. Bernis, F; De Juana, E; Del Hoyo, J; Fernández-Cruz, M; Ferrer, X; Sáez-Royuela, R; Sargatal, J (2003). «Nombres en castellano de las aves del mundo recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (Octava parte: Orden Passeriformes, Familias Eurylaimidae a Rhinocryptidae)». Ardeola. Handbook of the Birds of the World (Madrid: SEO/BirdLife) 50 (1): 103-110. ISSN 0570-7358. Consultado el 10 de noviembre de 2018. P. 106.
  4. Tirahojas Piquicorto Sclerurus rufigularis Pelzeln, 1868 en Avibase. Consultado el 1 de noviembre de 2018.
  5. a b c d Short-billed Leaftosser (Sclerurus rufigularis) en Handbook of the Birds of the World - Alive (en inglés). Consultada el 1 de noviembre de 2018.
  6. Ridgely, Robert & Tudor, Guy. 2009. Sclerurus rufigularis, p. 313, lámina 14(8), en Field guide to the songbirds of South America: the passerines – 1.a edición – (Mildred Wyatt-World series in ornithology). University of Texas Press, Austin. ISBN 978-0-292-71748-0
  7. Schulenberg, T.S. (2010) Birds of Peru Princeton University Press, p. 336. ISBN 978-0-691-13023-1
  8. Jobling, J.A. (2017). Sclerurus Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology (en inglés). En: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Consultado el 30 de septiembre de 2018.
  9. Jobling, J.A. (2017) rufigularis Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology (en inglés). En: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Consultado el 1 de noviembre de 2018.
  10. Gill, F. & Donsker, D. (Eds.). «Ovenbirds & woodcreepers». IOC – World Bird List (en inglés). Consultado el 1 de noviembre de 2018. Versión/Año: 8.1./2018
  11. Clements, J.F., Schulenberg,T.S., Iliff, M.J., Roberson, D., Fredericks, T.A., Sullivan, B.L. & Wood, C.L. «The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world». Disponible para descarga. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology (Planilla Excel|formato= requiere |url= (ayuda)) (en inglés). Año:2018

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Sclerurus rufigularis: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El tirahojas piquicorto​ (Sclerurus rufigularis), también denominado raspahojas de pico corto, raspahojas piquicorto (en Colombia), tira-hoja de pico corto (en Perú) o raspa hoja pechianteado (en Venezuela),​ es una especie de ave paseriforme perteneciente al género Sclerurus de la familia Furnariidae. Es nativo de la cuenca amazónica y del escudo guayanés en Sudamérica.

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Sclerurus rufigularis ( Basch )

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Sclerurus rufigularis Sclerurus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Furnariidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

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Sclerurus rufigularis: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Sclerurus rufigularis Sclerurus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Furnariidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Pikkuhuiskija ( Finlandèis )

fornì da wikipedia FI

Pikkuhuiskija (Sclerurus rufigularis)[2] eli aiemmalta nimeltään pikkukarikeorneero on kaivajien heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.

Levinneisyys

Pikkuhuiskijaa tavataan laajalla alueella Etelä-Amerikan pohjoisosissa. Lajin ei uskota olevan vaarassa, ja se on luokiteltu elinvoimaiseksi.[1]

Lähteet

  1. a b c Sclerurus rufigularis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. (englanniksi)
  2. Maailman lintujen suomenkieliset nimet BirdLife Suomi. Viitattu 8.3.2018.
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Pikkuhuiskija: Brief Summary ( Finlandèis )

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Pikkuhuiskija (Sclerurus rufigularis) eli aiemmalta nimeltään pikkukarikeorneero on kaivajien heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.

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Kortsnavelbladkrabber ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

Vogels

De kortsnavelbladkrabber (Sclerurus rufigularis) is een zangvogel uit de familie Furnariidae (ovenvogels).

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort telt vier ondersoorten:

  • S. r. fulvigularis: van zuidelijk Venezuela via de Guyana's tot noordoostelijk Brazilië.
  • S. r. furfurosus: noordelijk Brazilië ten noorden van de Amazonerivier.
  • S. r. brunnescens: van zuidoostelijk Colombia en noordwestelijk Brazilië tot oostelijk Ecuador en noordwestelijk Peru.
  • S. r. rufigularis: oostelijk Peru, oostelijk Bolivia en westelijk Brazilië.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Kortsnavelbladkrabber: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

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De kortsnavelbladkrabber (Sclerurus rufigularis) is een zangvogel uit de familie Furnariidae (ovenvogels).

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Kortnäbbad lövkastare ( svedèis )

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Kortnäbbad lövkastare[2] (Sclerurus rufigularis) är en fågel i familjen ugnsfåglar inom ordningen tättingar.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.[1]

Kortnäbbad lövkastare delas in i tre underarter:[3]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b] Birdlife International 2016 Sclerurus rufigularis Från: IUCN 2016. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.3 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-12-11.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2017) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2017-02-14
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2016) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2016 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-08-11

Externa länkar

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Kortnäbbad lövkastare: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

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Kortnäbbad lövkastare (Sclerurus rufigularis) är en fågel i familjen ugnsfåglar inom ordningen tättingar. IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.

Kortnäbbad lövkastare delas in i tre underarter:

S. r. rufigularis – förekommer i södra Amazonområdet (Brasilien), nordöstra Peru och norra Bolivia S. r. fulvigularis – förekommer från sydöstra Colombia till södra Venezuela, Guyana och norra Brasilien S. r. brunnescens – förekommer i Amazonområdet (Brasilien, norr om Rio Solimões)
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Sclerurus rufigularis ( vietnamèis )

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Sclerurus rufigularis là một loài chim trong họ Furnariidae.[2] Loài này được tìm thấy ở Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guiana thuộc Pháp, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, và Venezuela. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ẩm vùng đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới. Chúng có thân hình chắc nịch với đuôi ngắn. Chúng đạt đến một chiều dài khoảng 15 cm và mỏ ngắn so với các loài khác cùng chi, mỏ dài là 15 mm chứ không dài 25 mm như các loài kia. Nếu không, loài này có bề ngoài tương tự với Sclerurus mexicanus.

Chú thích

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2012). Sclerurus rufigularis. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2013.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 11 năm 2013.
  2. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan họ chim Furnariidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Sclerurus rufigularis: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Sclerurus rufigularis là một loài chim trong họ Furnariidae. Loài này được tìm thấy ở Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guiana thuộc Pháp, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, và Venezuela. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ẩm vùng đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới. Chúng có thân hình chắc nịch với đuôi ngắn. Chúng đạt đến một chiều dài khoảng 15 cm và mỏ ngắn so với các loài khác cùng chi, mỏ dài là 15 mm chứ không dài 25 mm như các loài kia. Nếu không, loài này có bề ngoài tương tự với Sclerurus mexicanus.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia VI