Aneides hardii (Taylor 1941)

The Sacramento Mountain salamander (Aneides hardii) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to mountainous regions of New Mexico in the United States. Its natural habitat is temperate forests where it is threatened by habitat loss.

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Distribution and habitat

The Sacramento Mountain salamander occurs in three separate mountainous areas in New Mexico, the Capitan Mountains, the Sierra Blanca range and the Sacramento Mountains. It is found at heights of at least 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) above sea level in mixed forests. It typically occurs on north or east facing slopes among Douglas fir, Engelmann spruce and white fir, often with an understory of Rocky Mountain maple. It often hides in the leaf litter or rotten logs, under rocks, fallen branches or vegetation. Above the tree line it is found in stony areas with mosses and lichens.^[2][1]

The only other salamander occurring in this area is the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) and that is more of a lowland species and prefers grasslands, savannahs and woodland edges.^[3]

Biology

The Sacramento Mountain salamander feeds on small invertebrates such as ants, rove beetles, springtails, snails and spiders. It is itself preyed on by the western terrestrial garter snake (Thamnophis elegans).^[2]

Breeding takes place in the summer with eggs being laid in small clutches inside rotten logs and stumps and also possibly in underground cavities. The larvae undergo direct development in the eggs with fully formed miniature salamanders hatching out measuring about 12 millimetres (0.47 in) in snout to vent length.^[2]

Status

The Sacramento Mountain salamander is assessed as near threatened in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is common in the areas in which it occurs and is chiefly threatened by logging activities especially when associated with fire or the removal of fallen timber. Under current logging practices, it is believed that populations are stable.^[1]

References

Aneides hardii es una especie de salamandras en la familia Plethodontidae. Es endémica de las montañas de Nuevo México, Estados Unidos. Su hábitat natural son los bosques templados. Está amenazada de extinción debido a la destrucción de su hábitat.^[1]​

Referencias

• Hammerson, G. 2004. Aneides hardii. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Consultado el 23 de julio de 2007.

Aneides hardii Aneides generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

• Plethodontidae

Aneides hardii est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae^[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique du Nouveau-Mexique aux États-Unis^[1]. Elle se rencontre 2 380 à 3 600 m d'altitude^[2].

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Dilbert Elmo Hardy (1914-2002)^[3].

Publication originale

• Taylor, 1941 : A new plethodont salamander from New Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 54, p. 77-79 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

Aneides hardii é um anfíbio caudado da família Plethodontidae. É endémica da América do Norte.

Referências

• Taylor, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 54: 77.
• Lowe, 1950, Copeia, 1950: 93.
• Frost, Darrel R. 2008. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.2 (15 July, 2008). Electronic Database accessible at [1] American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Aneides hardii . Accessed on 3 August 2008.
• AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Aneides hardii. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/.
• Geoffrey Hammerson (2004). Aneides hardii (em inglês). IUCN 2008. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2008 . Página visitada em 29 de março de 2009.

Aneides hardii^{[2][3][4][6][7]} är en groddjursart som först beskrevs av Taylor 1941. Aneides hardii ingår i släktet Aneides och familjen lunglösa salamandrar.^[8][9] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.^[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.^[8]

Utseende

Hannar är med en genomsnittlig längd (med svans) av 48,4 mm längre än honor som blir upp till 44,5 mm långa. Arten har en svartbrun till brun grundfärg på ovansidan och en ljusare undersida. Vanligen förekommer många grågröna till bronsfärgade punkter eller fläckar på ovansidan. Svansen är allmänt lite kortare än huvud och bål tillsammans. Vid en vy ner mot djuret ser huvudet lite trekantig ut.^[10]

Utbredning

Denna salamander förekommer i olika bergstrakter i delstaten New Mexico i USA. Den vistas i regioner som ligger 2430 till 3600 meter över havet. Individerna vistas i skogar som domineras av Douglasgran, Engelmannsgran och Coloradogran.^[1]

Ekologi

Aneides hardii gömmer sig oftast i ruttnande trädstammar, i bergssprickor eller i lövskiktet.^[1] Från slutet av september till början av juni stannar den helt i boet. Honan lägger under sommaren 3 till 10 ägg men äggläggning sker inte varje år. Äggen har ungefär en diameter av 8 mm.^[10]

Arten äter olika ryggradslösa djur som maskar, spindeldjur, insekter och deras larver.^[10]

Källor

1. ^ [a b c d] 2004 Aneides hardii Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
2. ^ [a b c] (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
3. ^ [a b c] Frost, Darrel R. (2016) , database. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference v6.0 Aneides hardii
4. ^ [a b] (2004) , database, Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference
5. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (1997) , Amphibian Species of the World, A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition
6. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2004) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004)
7. ^ Crother, Brian I., Jeff Boundy, Frank T. Burbrink, et al. / Moriarty, John J., ed. (2008) Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, With Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding, Sixth Ed., Herpetological Circular No. 37
8. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (14 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/aneides+hardii/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
9. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
10. ^ [a b c] Degenhardt, Painter & Price (2005). ”Aneides hardii”. Amphibians and Reptiles of New Mexico. UNM Press. sid. 25-27

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Aneides hardii.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Aneides hardii.
  Artförteckning

Aneides hardii (tên tiếng Anh: Sacramento Mountain Salamander) là một loài kỳ giông thuộc họ Plethodontidae. Đây là loài đặc hữu của Hoa Kỳ. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ôn đới. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất môi trường sống.

Tham khảo

• Hammerson, G. 2004. Aneides hardii. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Truy cập 23 tháng 7 năm 2007.

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