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Plancia ëd Hyperolius castaneus Ahl 1931
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Hyperolius castaneus Ahl 1931

Description ( Anglèis )

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A medium-sized montane Hyperolius (males 22–26 mm, females 25–36 mm) from central Africa with a pattern in brown and green.Colour pattern very variable, but does not fall into a juvenile and a female phase. Dorsum brown to green, the green specimens often with diffuse darker rounded spots, the brown-backed specimens often with irregular black spots surrounded by bright green. A black canthal line always present. Some of the green-backed specimens have an irregular light lateral line. The brown-backed specimens have a very irregular black lateral line. Ventrum and feet yellow to reddish. Throat of males yellow. Pupil horizontal.This is a most variable form from the central highlands. It bears a close resemblance to H. lateralis in voice and habitat preference, and some specimens may be impossible to identify. H. lateralis generally occurs at lower altitudes.This account was taken from "Treefrogs of Africa" by Arne Schiøtz with kind permission from Edition Chimaira (http://www.chimaira.de/) publishers, Frankfurt am Main.
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Distribution and Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Abundant in swamps in forests of eastern R. D. Congo, Rwanda and western Uganda.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Anglèis )

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The call is a succession of screams with a frequency-intensity of 2500–3000 cps. Apart from being somewhat deeper the voice is very similar to that of H. lateralis.
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Biology ( Anglèis )

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Along with many other species in the genus, Hyperolius castaneus is yet to be the subject of a comprehensive study. However, this nocturnal species is particularly noted for its gliding ability (7). In the wet season the reed frogs tend to gather near water, preferably smaller temporary water bodies, where they breed. However, very little is known of their whereabouts outside the breeding season (8). Most, if not all, Hyperolius species from forest habitats deposit eggs in a gelatinous mass on vegetation above water, while some savanna-living species lay their eggs aquatically (5) (8).
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Conservation ( Anglèis )

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There are no known conservation measures for Hyperolius castaneus but it is known to be present in at least two protected areas, Bwindi National Park in Uganda and the Virungas National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1).
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Description ( Anglèis )

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Like many frogs within its genus, Hyperolius castaneus displays remarkable variation in appearance (3) (4). The smooth skin of this species is consistently yellow to red underneath, but the colouration and patterning on the back varies considerably. Some have green backs with numerous diffuse dark spots, while others have brown backs, occasionally flecked with black spots. In addition, some forms have an irregular lateral line, running along the side of the body and varying from light to dark (2). Equipped with fairly long limbs and large toe pads, many Hyperolius species are adept climbers (4) (5).
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Inhabits swamps in grassland and forest, between 1,600 and 2,850 metres above sea level (1).
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Range ( Anglèis )

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Hyperolius castaneus is found in the Albertine Rift, one of the richest sites for biodiversity in Africa. Its range stretches through eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, western Rwanda, western Burundi, and south-western Uganda (1) (6).
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Status ( Anglèis )

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Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (1).
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Threats ( Anglèis )

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Although a relatively abundant species, the distribution of Hyperolius castaneus is severely fragmented and its population is probably declining because of a decrease in the quality and extent of swamp habitat. Habitat conversion for agriculture and encroaching human settlement are thought to be principally responsible for habitat degradation in the Albertine Rift (1)
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Hyperolius castaneus ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Hyperolius castaneus és una espècie de granota que viu a Burundi, la República Democràtica del Congo, Ruanda i Uganda.

Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Hyperolius castaneus Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Hyperolius castaneus: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Hyperolius castaneus és una espècie de granota que viu a Burundi, la República Democràtica del Congo, Ruanda i Uganda.

Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

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Hyperolius castaneus ( Alman )

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Hyperolius castaneus ist ein Riedfrosch, der an den Hängen der Gebirge lebt, die den Zentralafrikanischen Graben begrenzen. Da er in seinem relativ kleinen Verbreitungsgebiet recht häufig ist, gilt sein Bestand als Indikator für die Bedrohung der Bergwälder im Westlichen Rift zu denen auch die Hänge der Virunga-Vulkane zählen, auf denen die Berggorillas heimisch sind.[1]

Merkmale

Hyperolius castaneus ist ein mittelgroßer Vertreter der rund 130 Arten umfassenden Gattung Hyperolius, Männchen erreichen eine Länge von 22 bis 26 mm, Weibchen werden 25 bis 36 mm lang.[2] Die Färbung ist variabel und umfasst verschiedene Grün- und Brauntöne, unterseits und an den Beinen kann er gelblich bis rötlich-braun gefärbt sein, an den Flanken und Füßen kastanienbraun bis orange. Es gibt Varianten, die oberseits braun sind, andere haben einen grün gefärbten Rücken. Die grünen Exemplare haben oft diffus dunklere Flecken auf dem Rücken, die braunen können unregelmäßige schwarze Flecken aufweisen, die leuchtend grün eingefasst sind. Seitlich wird die Rückenfärbung durch eine unregelmäßig gezackte Linie begrenzt. Die Kehle der Männchen ist gelb. Die Pupillen liegen horizontal.[3]

Ähnliche Arten

Der Frosch ähnelt Hyperolius lateralis, mit dem er auch im gleichen Habitat vorkommt. Manche Farbvarianten von Hyperolius castaneus lassen sich kaum von Hyperolius lateralis unterscheiden, obwohl dieser im Allgemeinen in tieferen Regionen zu finden ist. 2013 wurde die Unterart Hyperolius castaneus constellatus aus dem Itombwe-Gebirge als eigene Art Hyperolius constellatus anerkannt.[4]

Unterarten

Nach der Abtrennung der Art Hyperolius constellatus wurde auch die Unterart Hyperolius castaneus submarginatus aus den Kabobo-Bergen der neuen Art zugeordnet. Es verbleibt neben der Nominatform Hyperolius castaneus castaneus nur noch die Unterart Hyperolius castaneus rhodogaster, die auf dem westlichen Itombwe-Plateau in mittleren Höhenstufen vorkommt. Ihr phylogenetischer Status wurde noch nicht ausreichend untersucht.[4]

Verbreitung

Nach Angaben des Erstbeschreibers Ernst Ahl stammt das Typusexemplar aus dem "Vulkangebiet nordöstlich des Kivu-Sees",[5] womit laut Ansicht von Roelke und Smith[6] nur die Virunga-Vulkane gemeint sein können. Diese Vulkane sind Teil des westlichen Arms des Ostafrikanischen Grabenbruchs, der die Grenzen von Ruanda und Burundi mit der Demokratischen Republik Kongo bildet. Dieser Teil des Grabenbruchs wird auch Albert-Rift genannt und erstreckt sich über den Albertsee bis nach Uganda. An den Berghängen, die den Grabenbruch flankieren, kommt Hyperolius castaneus in Höhen zwischen 1600 und 2850 Metern vor. Er lebt in den feuchten subtropischen bis tropischen Bergwäldern und legt seine Eier in den Gewässern oder Sümpfen der hochmontanen Graslandschaften ab. Durch die Rodung der Bergwälder sind seine Bestände gefährdet.[7]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Ulrich Sinsch, Eli Greenbaum, Chifundera Kusamba & Edgar Lehr: Rapid assessment of montane anuran communities in the Albertine Rift: Hyperolius castaneus Ahl, 1931 as an umbrella species for conservation. African Zoology, 46, 2, S. 320–333, Oktober 2011
  2. Hyperolius castaneus bei Amphibiaweb
  3. Arne Schiøtz: Treefrogs of Africa. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 1999
  4. a b Eli Greenbaum, Ulrich Sinsch, Edgar Lehr, Federico Valdez, Chifundera Kusamba: Phylogeography of the reed frog Hyperolius castaneus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from the Albertine Rift of Central Africa: Implications for taxonomy, biogeography and conservation. Zootaxa, 3731, 4, S. 473–494, 2013 doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3731.4.3
  5. Ernst Ahl: Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Arten der Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius (Amph. Anur.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 17, S. 1–132, 1931
  6. C. E. Roelke & E. N. Smith: Herpetofauna, Parc National des Volcans, North Province, Republic of Rwanda. Check List. Journal of Species Lists and Distribution, 6, S. 525–531, 2010
  7. Hyperolius castaneus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2013.2. Eingestellt von: A. Schiøtz & R. Drewes, 2004. Abgerufen am 11. Dezember 2013.
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Hyperolius castaneus: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Hyperolius castaneus ist ein Riedfrosch, der an den Hängen der Gebirge lebt, die den Zentralafrikanischen Graben begrenzen. Da er in seinem relativ kleinen Verbreitungsgebiet recht häufig ist, gilt sein Bestand als Indikator für die Bedrohung der Bergwälder im Westlichen Rift zu denen auch die Hänge der Virunga-Vulkane zählen, auf denen die Berggorillas heimisch sind.

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Hyperolius castaneus ( Anglèis )

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Hyperolius castaneus is a species of frogs in the family Hyperoliidae. It is found in the highlands of western Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda as well as eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.[1][2][3] Common names of this species include Ahl's reed frog, brown reed frog, and montane reed frog.[1][2] The status of the putative subspecies Hyperolius castaneus rhodogaster is unclear, and it may actually be a distinct species. Also Hyperolius constellatus, now a distinct species, was formerly recognized as a subspecies of H. castaneus.[2][3]

Description

Adult males measure 20–26 mm (0.79–1.02 in) and adult females 27–32 mm (1.1–1.3 in) in snout–vent length. The color pattern is highly variable. The dorsum in adult males is consistently tan to brown. There are varying levels of yellow or brown spots, or yellow blotches that may cover most of the dorsum. The yellow spots might have dark brown centers or edging. Most specimens have a brown or dark brown canthal stripe that runs from the nostril through the eye to at least the forelimb insertion, sometimes further to the inguinal region of the hind limb. The throat is canary yellow. The belly is grayish blue or white. The limbs are salmon red to red, with the concealed parts of the thighs being bright orangish red. In adult females, the dorsal ground color varies from orangish brown to mustard yellow. The canthal region is dark brown in most individuals, and that coloration may extend from the posterior of the orbit to the forelimb insertion. The dorsum may be completely without patterns, or the patterns can resemble the males ones, or may include large brown blotches with neon yellowish green borders. The abdomen is white with a light pink to grayish blue throat; the limbs have similar color. The hands and feet may be salmon red. In both males and females, the flanks and dorsum may have a lighter brown coloration than the remainder of the dorsum, or range from light gray to salmon red. Juveniles and subadults have coloring that transitions from a lime green dorsum (often with a white dorsolateral line) to the adult coloration described above.[3]

Habitat and conservation

Hyperolius castaneus occurs in swamps in montane grassland and forest at elevations of 1,600–2,850 m (5,250–9,350 ft) above sea level.[1]

Conservation

First assessed as "vulnerable" in 2004,[4] this species is now listed as "least concern" due to the discovery that it occurs more widely than previously thought (now a 73,498 km² estimated extent of occurrence) and because, despite ongoing habitat loss, there is currently an abundance of suitable habitats within its range. It is considered to be an abundant species. It is present in several national parks.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Hyperolius castaneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T69039559A16937678. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T69039559A16937678.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Hyperolius castaneus Ahl, 1931". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Greenbaum, E.; Sinsch, U.; Lehr, E.; Valdez, F.; Kusamba, C. (2013). "Phylogeography of the reed frog Hyperolius castaneus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from the Albertine Rift of Central Africa: Implications for taxonomy, biogeography and conservation". Zootaxa. 3731 (4): 473–494. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3731.4.3.
  4. ^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Hyperolius castaneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T69039559A16937678. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T69039559A16937678.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
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Hyperolius castaneus: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Hyperolius castaneus is a species of frogs in the family Hyperoliidae. It is found in the highlands of western Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda as well as eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Common names of this species include Ahl's reed frog, brown reed frog, and montane reed frog. The status of the putative subspecies Hyperolius castaneus rhodogaster is unclear, and it may actually be a distinct species. Also Hyperolius constellatus, now a distinct species, was formerly recognized as a subspecies of H. castaneus.

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Hyperolius castaneus ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Hyperolius castaneus es una especie de anfibios de la familia Hyperoliidae.[1]

Habita en Burundi, República Democrática del Congo, Ruanda y Uganda.[2]

Su hábitat natural incluye montanos secos, praderas tropicales o subtropicales a gran altitud y pantanos.

Está amenazada de extinción por la pérdida de su hábitat natural.

Referencias

  1. Frost, D.R. « Hyperolius castaneus ». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural.
  2. Eli Greenbaum, Ulrich Sinsch, Edgar Lehr, Federico Valdez & Chifundera Kusamba. 2013. Phylogeography of the reed frog Hyperolius castaneus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from the Albertine Rift of Central Africa: Implications for taxonomy, biogeography and conservation. Zootaxa 3731 (4): 473–494.

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Hyperolius castaneus: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Hyperolius castaneus es una especie de anfibios de la familia Hyperoliidae.​

Habita en Burundi, República Democrática del Congo, Ruanda y Uganda.​

Su hábitat natural incluye montanos secos, praderas tropicales o subtropicales a gran altitud y pantanos.

Está amenazada de extinción por la pérdida de su hábitat natural.

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Hyperolius castaneus ( Basch )

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Hyperolius castaneus Hyperolius generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hyperoliidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Hyperolius castaneus: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Hyperolius castaneus Hyperolius generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hyperoliidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Hyperolius castaneus ( Fransèis )

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Hyperolius castaneus est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hyperoliidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre entre 1 600 et 2 850 m d'altitude[1],[2] :

Publication originale

  • Ahl, 1931 : Amphibia, Anura III, Polypedatidae. Das Tierreich, vol. 55, p. 477.

Notes et références

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Hyperolius castaneus: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Hyperolius castaneus est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hyperoliidae.

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Hyperolius castaneus ( svedèis )

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Hyperolius castaneus[2][3] är en groddjursart som beskrevs av Ahl 1931. Hyperolius castaneus ingår i släktet Hyperolius och familjen gräsgrodor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]

Habitat och utbredning

 src=
Träskhabitat i Nyungwe nationalpark.

Den finns i Burundi, Kongo-Kinshasa, Rwanda och Uganda. Dess habitat är tropiska och subtropiska fuktiga bergsskogar, tropiska och subtropiska gräsmarker på hög höjd och träsk.

Galleri

Källor

  1. ^ [a b] 2004 Hyperolius castaneus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2009) , database. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference v5.3
  3. ^ (2004) , database, Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (24 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/hyperolius+castaneus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26

Externa länkar

Blue morpho butterfly 300x271.jpg Denna artikel om gräsgrodor saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Hyperolius castaneus: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

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Hyperolius castaneus är en groddjursart som beskrevs av Ahl 1931. Hyperolius castaneus ingår i släktet Hyperolius och familjen gräsgrodor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Hyperolius castaneus ( vietnamèis )

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Hyperolius castaneus là một loài ếch thuộc họ Hyperoliidae. Loài này có ở Burundi, Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo, Rwanda, và Uganda. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, đồng cỏ nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới vùng đất cao, và đầm nước. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất môi trường sống.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

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Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết Hyperoliidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.


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Hyperolius castaneus: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Hyperolius castaneus là một loài ếch thuộc họ Hyperoliidae. Loài này có ở Burundi, Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo, Rwanda, và Uganda. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, đồng cỏ nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới vùng đất cao, và đầm nước. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất môi trường sống.

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