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Limnodynastes dumerilii Peters 1863

Distribution and Habitat ( Anglèis )

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South-east coast of Australia from south-east Queensland south along the coast of New South Wales, throughout Victoria and into the south-west corner of South Australia. Also found along the northern and eastern coasts of Tasmania. Five sub-species are recognised.The extent of occurrence of the species is approximately 708300 km2.Common and widespread.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Anglèis )

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No known declines and large extent of occurrence.Expanding development along the east coast of Australia may pose a threat in the future.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Anglèis )

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Frequents all habitats except alpine areas, rainforest and extremely arid zones. Found commonly in suburban gardens, dams and swamps. Burrows in loamy soils and forages on the surface after rain. Breeds in dams, small lakes, marshes and slow-flowing streams.From August to April males may travel up to 1km to breeding sites. Males call in concealed positions, usually in floating vegetation. Up to 3 900 - 4 000 eggs are laid in a floating foam nest. In warm weather they complete development in 4 - 5 months in cold weather development may take 12 - 15 months.
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Burrows in loamy soil in grassland or wetland and river areas (Walker 1999).

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Woods, V. 2000. "Limnodynastes dumerilii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Limnodynastes_dumerilii.html
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Vickie Woods, Michigan State University
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James Harding, Michigan State University

Morphology ( Anglèis )

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Pobblebonk frogs have warty skin, thick, short legs, and round heads. Ground color is dark to pale grey with dark to bronze marking on the sides. Large glands are visible at the edge of the mouth and tibia region of the leg (Walker 1999). Webbing on the toes may stretch up to 1/4 the length of the toe. Pobblebonk frogs also have prominent teeth (Latham Bathfrog 1999). Adults reach 52-83 mm in size (Walker 1999). A pale "shovel" or spade can be seen on the hind toe (ACT Herpetological Association).

Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Woods, V. 2000. "Limnodynastes dumerilii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Limnodynastes_dumerilii.html
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James Harding, Michigan State University

Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Southern Australia (Walker 1999).

Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )

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Woods, V. 2000. "Limnodynastes dumerilii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Limnodynastes_dumerilii.html
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Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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No specific information could be found on this species, but frogs normally eat insects, worms, spiders, and centipedes, and although some frogs may eat fruit, mice, or snakes, (Latham Frog 1999) it can be assumed that the Pobblebonk frog follows the typical frog diet.

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Woods, V. 2000. "Limnodynastes dumerilii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Limnodynastes_dumerilii.html
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Life Cycle ( Anglèis )

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Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis

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Woods, V. 2000. "Limnodynastes dumerilii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Limnodynastes_dumerilii.html
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Vickie Woods, Michigan State University
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Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

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These frogs are often dug up by gardeners (Walker 1999). They also face habitat loss as many Australian grasslands are endangered or threatened at this time (ACT Government 1997).

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Woods, V. 2000. "Limnodynastes dumerilii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Limnodynastes_dumerilii.html
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Sensa tìtol ( Anglèis )

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The supralabial gland - the gland at the corner of the frog's mouth - contains mucous, seromucous, and granular glands. The mucous glands affect osmoregulation. The granular glands secret a rodent repelling agent (Research Report 1998).

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Woods, V. 2000. "Limnodynastes dumerilii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Limnodynastes_dumerilii.html
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Vickie Woods, Michigan State University
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Reproduction ( Anglèis )

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Pobblebonk frogs emerge from burrows to breed after rain. Females lay up to 4,000 eggs in foam nest using specialized skin flaps on the fingers to move bubbles from the water surface into the nest (Walker 1999).

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)

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Woods, V. 2000. "Limnodynastes dumerilii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Limnodynastes_dumerilii.html
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Limnodynastes dumerilii ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Limnodynastes dumerilli és una espècie de granota que viu a Austràlia i que ha estat introduïda a Nova Zelanda.

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Limnodynastes dumerilii: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Limnodynastes dumerilli és una espècie de granota que viu a Austràlia i que ha estat introduïda a Nova Zelanda.

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Limnodynastes dumerilii ( Anglèis )

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Limnodynastes dumerilii is a frog species from the family Limnodynastidae.[2] The informal names for the species and its subspecies include eastern or southern banjo frog, and bull frog.[3][4] The frog is also called the pobblebonk after its distinctive "bonk" call, which is likened to a banjo string being plucked. There are five subspecies of L. dumerilii, each with different skin coloration. The species is native to eastern Australia. There has been one occurrence in New Zealand, when tadpoles of the species were found in 1999 and destroyed.[5][6]

Description

The eastern banjo frog, Limnodynastes dumerilii dumerilii

Adults are roughly seven to eight centimetres long with dark warty backs, a prominent tibial gland, fleshy metatarsal tubercules and a smooth white or mottled belly. The tadpole stage is relatively long, lasting up to fifteen months. The species is common. The five subspecies of Limnodynastes dumerilii are:

Eastern banjo frog, Limnodynastes dumerilii dumerilii

This is the most widespread of the five subspecies. It is mostly associated with the slopes and ranges of New South Wales, northern Victoria and the Murray River into South Australia. This subspecies normally inhabits woodland, heathland and farmland. Breeding takes place in streams, ponds and dams. Males of this subspecies have the most characteristic banjo-like "bonk" of all the subspecies. They are distinguished from other subspecies by more orange present on the flank and orange raised stripe present from the eye to the shoulder. The subspecies is normally one solid colour on the dorsal surface.

Eastern banjo frog, Limnodynastes dumerilii grayi

This subspecies occurs along the coast of New South Wales, south to Jervis Bay. It inhabits coastal swamps, dams, ponds associated with forest and heathland. This species does not breed in flowing water, which helps with distinguishing it from L. d. dumerilii in places where both occur. This is the most variegated of the subspecies, often with patches or blotches of a different colour on the dorsal surface. The call of this species sounds more like a "tok", similar but louder than the striped marsh frog.

Snowy Mountains banjo frog, Limnodynastes dumerilii fryi

This is the most restricted of the subspecies. It is only found in the Snowy Mountains area of south-eastern New South Wales. Males call from ponds or pools of streams in spring and summer. Due to its restricted range it is unlikely to be confused with other subspecies, however it is pale on the dorsal surface with fairly indistinct patches or variegations.

Southern banjo frog, Limnodynastes dumerilii insularis

This subspecies occurs south of Jervis Bay, along the south coast of New South Wales, in eastern Victoria and throughout Tasmania. It is characterised and distinguished by blue coloration present on the flank. There is often a pale mid-dorsal stripe. Males call from a concealed position in water during spring, summer and autumn.

Southern banjo frog, Limnodynastes dumerilii variegata

This subspecies is very similar to Limnodynastes dumerilii insularis. This subspecies occurs in western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. It is chiefly distinguished by range.

Ecology and behaviour

The eastern banjo frog, Limnodynastes dumerilii grayi
The southern banjo frog, Limnodynastes dumerilii insularis

Limnodynastes dumerilii is a burrowing frog. During dry times, and often just during the day, they will burrow underground. They will often be seen in large numbers after rain, and under the right conditions mass spawning can occur over just a few days. They have been known to call while underground, and can do so at any time of the year after rain. The Eastern banjo frog was the first of the species to have its reference genome sequenced, finding a compact (for an amphibian) 2.38 Gb genome and 24,548 protein-coding genes.[7]

Related species

In Western Australia the western banjo frog, Limnodynastes dorsalis, is common around Perth. It also has a musical, resonant "plonk" call and is also called a pobblebonk.

In Queensland, the scarlet-sided pobblebonk, Limnodynastes terraereginae, is a small fat frog with distinctive orange or red irregular markings.

In Western New South Wales, the giant banjo frog, Limnodynastes interioris, is a similar species that tends to inhabit more arid areas than Limnodynastes dumerilii.

References

  1. ^ Hero, Jean-Marc; et al. (2004). "Limnodynastes dumerilii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T41159A10407072. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T41159A10407072.en.
  2. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Limnodynastes dumerilii Peters, 1863". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  3. ^ Waite, Edgar R. (1929): The reptiles and amphibians of South Australia. Facsimile Edition, issued to commemorate the Second World Congress of Herpetology, Adelaide, South Australia, by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 1993.
  4. ^ Brandle, Robert (2001). "A Biological Survey of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia 1997–1999" (PDF). Biodiversity Survey and Monitoring, National Parks and Wildlife, South Australia, Department for Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  5. ^ Ryan, Paddy (13 July 2012). "Frogs - Threats and conservation". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  6. ^ Whitaker, Tony; Bejakovich, Davor (June 2000). "Exotic frog incursion" (PDF). Surveillance. Wellington: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 27 (2): 12–14. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  7. ^ "Gigabyte". gigabytejournal.com. doi:10.46471/gigabyte.2. Retrieved 6 November 2020.

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Limnodynastes dumerilii: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Limnodynastes dumerilii is a frog species from the family Limnodynastidae. The informal names for the species and its subspecies include eastern or southern banjo frog, and bull frog. The frog is also called the pobblebonk after its distinctive "bonk" call, which is likened to a banjo string being plucked. There are five subspecies of L. dumerilii, each with different skin coloration. The species is native to eastern Australia. There has been one occurrence in New Zealand, when tadpoles of the species were found in 1999 and destroyed.

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Limnodynastes dumerilii ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Limnodynastes dumerilii es una especie de anfibio de la familia Limnodynastidae. Es endémica de la costa este y sudeste de Australia y de Tasmania.

Referencias

  1. Jean-Marc Hero, Peter Brown, Ed Meyer, Frank Lemckert, Peter Robertson, John Clarke (2004). «Limnodynastes dumerilii». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 22 de enero de 2013.

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Limnodynastes dumerilii: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Limnodynastes dumerilii es una especie de anfibio de la familia Limnodynastidae. Es endémica de la costa este y sudeste de Australia y de Tasmania.

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Limnodynastes dumerilii ( Basch )

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Limnodynastes dumerilii Limnodynastes generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Limnodynastidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Limnodynastes dumerilii: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Limnodynastes dumerilii Limnodynastes generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Limnodynastidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Limnodynastes dumerilii ( Fransèis )

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Limnodynastes dumerilii est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Limnodynastidae[1].

Répartition

 src=
Aire de répartition de l'espèce Limnodynastes dumerilii selon l'UICN (consulté le 1er janvier 2013).

Cette espèce est endémique du Sud-Est de l'Australie. Elle se rencontre en Australie-Méridionale, au Victoria, en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud et au Queensland et en Tasmanie[1],[2].

Publication originale

  • Peters, 1863 : Eine Übersicht der von Hrn. Richard Schomburgk an das zoologische Museum eingesandten Amphibien, aus Buchsfelde bei Adelaide in Südaustralien. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, vol. 1863, p. 228-236 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Limnodynastes dumerilii: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Limnodynastes dumerilii est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Limnodynastidae.

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Limnodynastes dumerilii ( olandèis; flamand )

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Herpetologie

Limnodynastes dumerilii is een kikker uit de familie Limnodynastidae (vroeger: Myobatrachidae).[2] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Wilhelm Peters in 1863. Later werd de wetenschappelijke naam Limnodynastes bibronii gebruikt.

Zowel de soort als de familie hebben nog geen Nederlandse naam. Er zijn 5 ondersoorten die allemaal iets afwijken in uiterlijk en verspreidingsgebied, maar soms ook in levenswijze.

Uiterlijke kenmerken

De kleur van deze tot 7 tot 8 centimeter lange kikker is bruin tot bruingrijs of olijfgroen, de huid is zeer wratterig en het gedrongen uiterlijk doet sterk denken aan padden. De onregelmatige lichte en donkere bruine vlekken verschillen per exemplaar, maar kenmerkend is de dikke, witte en soms onderbroken streep die loopt onder het oog tot boven de voorpoot, en een vlek in dezelfde kleur op de achterzijde van de achterpoot. De flanken hebben een blauwe tot grijze kleur, de onderzijde is wit.

Verspreiding en habitat

Limnodynastes dumerilii komt voor in Australië, en alleen in de uiterst zuidoostelijke kuststrook van Nieuw-Zuid-Wales en in grote delen van het noorden en oosten van het eiland Tasmanië. In Nieuw-Zeeland is de soort geïntroduceerd.[3]

Limnodynastes dumerilii is een gravende soort, die zich overdag en bij droogte ingraaft en pas bij regen tevoorschijn komt, waarbij de kikkers massaal te zien zijn. Er is bekend dat er ook ondergronds gekwaakt wordt. De soort leeft in bossen, regenwouden, graslanden en allerlei andere biotopen, vaak in de buurt van stromend of stilstaand water.

Voortplanting en ontwikkeling

De mannetjes kwaken in holletjes bij de waterkant of drijvend in het water. De ongeveer 4000 eitjes worden meestal in een enkel, drijvend schuimnest afgezet. De kikkervisjes ontwikkelen zich afhankelijk van de watertemperatuur, bij hogere temperaturen in 4 tot 5 maanden, bij lagere temperaturen een jaar tot 15 maanden.

Referenties
  1. (en) Limnodynastes dumerilii op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Limnodynastes dumerilii.
  3. Amphibia Web, Limnodynastes dumerilii.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Limnodynastes dumerilii - Website Geconsulteerd 29 november 2016
  • (en) - Amphibiaweb - Limnodynastes dumerilii - Website
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Limnodynastes dumerilii: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

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Limnodynastes dumerilii is een kikker uit de familie Limnodynastidae (vroeger: Myobatrachidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Wilhelm Peters in 1863. Later werd de wetenschappelijke naam Limnodynastes bibronii gebruikt.

Zowel de soort als de familie hebben nog geen Nederlandse naam. Er zijn 5 ondersoorten die allemaal iets afwijken in uiterlijk en verspreidingsgebied, maar soms ook in levenswijze.

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Żaba bagienna wschodnia ( polonèis )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Żaba bagienna wschodnia (Limnodynastes dumerilii) – gatunek płaza bezogonowego z rodziny żółwinkowatych.

Taksonomia

Wyróżnia się pięć podgatunków gatunku limnodynastes dumerilii[3]:

  • Limnodynastes dumerilii dumerilii
  • Limnodynastes dumerilii grayi
  • Limnodynastes dumerilii fryi
  • Limnodynastes dumerilii insularis
  • Limnodynastes dumerilii variegatus

Morfologia

Osobniki tego gatunku mają brodawkowatą skórę, grube, krótkie nogi i okrągłą głowę. Przybierają barwy od czarnej do blado-szarej z ciemnymi lub brązowymi elementami na bokach. Dorosłe żaby bagienne wschodnie osiągają długość od 52 do 83 mm[4].

Występowanie

Jest to gatunek endemiczny dla Australii. Występuje wzdłuż południowo-wschodnich wybrzeży kontynentu, od południowego Queensland po Wiktorię i Australię Południową, a także na północy i wschodzie Tasmanii. Żyje w większości środowisk z wyjątkiem obszarów alpejskich, lasów deszczowych i terenów wyjałowionych. Pojawia się również w podmiejskich parkach i ogrodach[5].

Rozmnażanie

Samice składają jednorazowo do 4000 jaj. W ciepłej wodzie rozwój żab następuje w ciągu 4-5 miesięcy, w zimnej w ciągu 12-15 miesięcy[5].

Status

Liczba osobników tego gatunku nie zmienia się w długich odstępach czasu. Do głównych zagrożeń dla rozwoju populacji należy osuszanie terenów podmokłych pod uprawę rolną. W przyszłości niebezpieczne może stać się dla niej także rozwój aglomeracji miejskich na wschodzie Australii[5].

Przypisy

  1. Limnodynastes dumerilii, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Limnodynastes dumerilii. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Mark Clayton, John Wombey, Ian Mason, R. Chesser, Alice Wells: CSIRO List of Australian Vertebrates: A Reference with Conservation Status. Csiro Publishing, 2006, s. 10. ISBN 978-0-643-09880-0.
  4. Limnodynastes dumerilii (ang.). Animal Diversity Web. [dostęp 2014-09-03].
  5. a b c Limnodynastes dumerilii (ang.). Czerwona Księga Gatunków Zagrożonych. [dostęp 2014-09-03].
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Żaba bagienna wschodnia: Brief Summary ( polonèis )

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Żaba bagienna wschodnia (Limnodynastes dumerilii) – gatunek płaza bezogonowego z rodziny żółwinkowatych.

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Limnodynastes dumerilii ( portughèis )

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Limnodynastes dumerilli é uma espécie de da família Myobatrachidae. É nativa da Austrália oriental e foi introduzida na Nova Zelândia.[1]

Referências

  1. a b Jean-Marc Hero, Peter Brown, Ed Meyer, Frank Lemckert, Peter Robertson, John Clarke 2004. Limnodynastes dumerilii. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. .

Fonte

  • Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido, total ou parcialmente, do artigo da Wikipédia em inglês, cujo título é «Eastern Banjo Frog», especificamente .
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Limnodynastes dumerilii: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

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Limnodynastes dumerilli é uma espécie de da família Myobatrachidae. É nativa da Austrália oriental e foi introduzida na Nova Zelândia.

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