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Ixalotriton niger Wake & Johnson 1989

Description ( Anglèis )

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Ixalotriton niger is a scansorial (climbing) and very active plethodontid salamander belonging to the supergenus Bolitoglossa. In fact ixalos is greek for bounding or springing, referring to its behavior. At the time of its discovery in 1973 (see Wake and Johnson 1989), it was thought to belong to the genus Pseudoeurycea or the (at that time) recently described monotypic genus Nyctanolis (which it only differs from in having a signle premaxillary bone and in lacking dorsal markings on its jet black body coloration). Morphologically, no other member of the supergenus resembles Ixalotriton in possessing large protuberant eyes, long legs, hands, and feet. I. niger most closely resembles members of the genus Pseudoeurycea in skeletal characters, but differs from them in the presence of the above mentioned traits which are adaptive for climbing. I. Niger is long and slender, males reaching a maximum of 59.7 mm and females reaching 58.9. The tail is long and strongly tapered. Head is broad and flat with a large amount of very small premaxillary-maxillary teeth (ranging from 78-150). Vomerine teeth are also high in number, ranging from 31-52. The small vomerine teeth are arranged in a long series that is a flattened curve lying almost perpendicular to the midline. Males have a round mental gland that never reaches a diameter of more than one-third the width of the head. Head is broader than the body. A postorbital groove is present posteriorly behind the eye and meets with the nuchal groove. The tongue is not attached anteriorly and is the typical boletoid form found in the supergenus Bolitoglossa. Coloration in this species is a solid glossy black (by day) to brown (at night). There is a small amount of white pigment in the snout region with red-tinted toe tips (may not be pigment, but rather a lack of pigment which allows for the vascularized tissue underneath to be seen more easily). Nasolabial protuberances are white-tipped.

Arferiment

Wake, D.B., and Johnson, J.D. (1989). ''A new genus and species of plethodontid salamander from Chiapas, Mexico.'' Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 411, 1-10.

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Raul E. Diaz

Distribution and Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Ixalotriton niger is found in moist evergreen forest at about 1100 m on the Caribbean versant of the Northern Highlands physiographic region of Chiapas, Mexico. Specimens were found wandering on tree trunks. The substrate at the locality is of rough, jagged limestone containing many sinks and crevices. The understory was that of broad-leaved forbs and ferns while the larger trees had many epiphytic plants such as philodendrons, bromeliads, and orchids along with lots of moss.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Anglèis )

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The escape behavior of this salamander is very lizard like, they leap away from a tree trunk or off of an under story leaf when disturbed. Tail autotomy occurs at the base of the tail, perhaps more readily than in other species. The salamanders secrete a noxious smelling, sticky substance. One of the collectors developed a rash after handling a specimen.
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Ixalotriton niger ( Anglèis )

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Ixalotriton niger, the black jumping salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rocky areas and it is threatened by habitat loss.

Description

Ixalotriton niger is a long, slender salamander with a wide head, protuberant eyes, long limbs, large hands and feet and a long, gradually tapering tail. It grows to a total length of nearly 6 centimetres (2.4 in) and is a glossy black colour. At night it changes to a chocolate brown colour. The snout may have a small white patch and the tips or the toes are red, perhaps because of an absence of pigment allowing the vascular tissue below to show through.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Ixalotriton niger is found at about 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) above sea level on the Atlantic side of the Northern Highland Mountains in Chiapas State in south west Mexico.[2] The area where it is endemic is composed of fissured limestone crags clothed in an evergreen forest rich in epiphytes including mosses, ferns, bromeliads, philodendrons and orchids.[2]

Behaviour

Ixalotriton niger is an arboreal species that was first described in 1989. It is an elusive species and scrambles around on the trunks of trees and is capable of jumping in a lizard-like manner when disturbed. It readily autotomizes its tail to escape predators and can also produce a noxious sticky secretion from glands.[2][3]

There is no aquatic larval stage and the young develop directly inside the egg.[2]

Status

Ixalotriton niger is considered "Endangered" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[4] This is because its range is only about 10 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi) and the forest where it lives is being disturbed by logging. It was believed to be extinct, but in 2000 ten specimens were located. It was surveyed again in 2006 and 2007 and on both occasions, no specimens were found. However, the nights were wet and the salamanders may have moved higher into the canopy.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). "Ixalotriton niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T59287A176774119. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T59287A176774119.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e Diaz, Raul E. (2004-12-14). "Ixalotriton niger". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
  3. ^ "Dwarf False Brook Salamander (Pseudoeurycea parva)". EDGE. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
  4. ^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). "Ixalotriton niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T59287A176774119. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T59287A176774119.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
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Ixalotriton niger: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Ixalotriton niger, the black jumping salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rocky areas and it is threatened by habitat loss.

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Ixalotriton niger ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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La salamandra saltarina (Ixalotriton niger)) es una especie de anfibio caudado de la familia Plethodontidae. Es endémica del noroeste de Chiapas, México.[2]

Descripción

Es de talla moderadamente grande y cuerpo esbelto y delgado, la cola es más larga que la longitud del cuerpo. Extremidades largas. El cuerpo es negro durante el día, y en la noche es de color amarillo.[3][4]​ Es una especie con desarrollo directo.[1]

Distribución y hábitat

Es endémica de Chiapas (México). Solo se conoce de dos lugares en Chiapas, en la región del “Pozo” y en Tierra y Libertad, ambas pertenecientes a Berriozabal, y en Cerro Baúl. [2][3]

Esta salamandra terrestre vive entre los 1068 y los 2000 metros de altitud en bosque mesófilo de montaña y en cavernas de rocas calizas.[1][3]

Estado de conservación

La principal amenaza a su conservación es la deforestación y degradación de su hábitat natural. Estas son causadas por la tala maderera, la agricultura y la construcción. Se considera como Sujeta a Protección Especial (Norma Oficial Mexicana 059) y en peligro en la lista roja de la UICN.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b c d IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). «Ixalotriton niger». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 23 de septiembre de 2018.
  2. a b Frost, D.R. «Ixalotriton niger». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 23 de septiembre de 2018.
  3. a b c Luna-Reyes, R., P. E. Pérez-López, M. A. García-Jiménez, O. Jiménez-Lang, O. S. Gutiérrez-Morales, C. Cundapí-Pérez, J. E. De Coss Villatoro, L. J. Caloca-Peña, J. E. Pérez-Sánchez y A. Rivera Serrano. 2015. Registros adicionales recientes, distribución potencial y notas sobre el hábitat y ecología de la salamandra saltarina negra Ixalotriton niger (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Lacandonia 9:67-78.
  4. Wake, D. B. y J. R. Jhonson. A new genus and species of Plethodontid salamander from Chiapas, Mexico. Contributions in Science. 411:1-10.
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Ixalotriton niger: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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La salamandra saltarina (Ixalotriton niger)) es una especie de anfibio caudado de la familia Plethodontidae. Es endémica del noroeste de Chiapas, México.​

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Pseudoeurycea nigra ( Basch )

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Pseudoeurycea nigra Pseudoeurycea generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Pseudoeurycea nigra: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Pseudoeurycea nigra Pseudoeurycea generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

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Ixalotriton niger ( Fransèis )

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Ixalotriton niger est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique du Nord du Chiapas au Mexique. Elle se rencontre vers 1 200 m d'altitude à Berriozábal[1].

Étymologie

Son nom d'espèce, du latin niger, « noir », lui a été donné en référence à la couleur uniforme de cette espèce[2].

Publication originale

  • Wake & Johnson, 1989 : A new genus and species of plethodontid salamander from Chiapas, Mexico. Contributions in Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, no 411, p. 1-10 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. Wake & Johnson, 1989 : A new genus and species of plethodontid salamander from Chiapas, Mexico. Contributions in Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, no 411, p. 1-10 (texte intégral).
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Ixalotriton niger: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Ixalotriton niger est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae.

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Pseudoeurycea nigra ( portughèis )

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Pseudoeurycea niger é uma espécie de salamandra da família Plethodontidae.

É endémica do México.

Os seus habitats naturais são: regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude e áreas rochosas.[1]

Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.[1]

Referências

  1. a b c Parra Olea, G. & Wake, D. (2004). Ixalotriton niger (em inglês). IUCN 2006. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2006 . Página visitada em 23 de Julho de 2007.
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Pseudoeurycea nigra: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

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Pseudoeurycea niger é uma espécie de salamandra da família Plethodontidae.

É endémica do México.

Os seus habitats naturais são: regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude e áreas rochosas.

Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.

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Саламандра чорна ( ucrain )

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Опис

Загальна довжина досягає 59,7 мм—58,9 мм. Спостерігається статевий диморфізм: самиці більші за самців. Голова широка. Очі опуклі. Тулуб тонкий та стрункий. Кінцівки довгі. Хвіст довгий, що поступово звужується.

Забарвлення вдень глянцево-чорне, вночі стає шоколадно-коричневим. На морді можуть бути невеличкі білі плями, а пальці із червоним відтінком.

Спосіб життя

Полюбляє вологі тропічні ліси. Вона живе на верхівках дерев, ведучи спосіб життя, що нагадує деревних ящірок. При небезпеці, вона стрибає з одного стовбура на інший, ховаючись під листям. Ця саламандра виробляє липкий, погано тхнущий секрет, який може викликати у людини алергічну реакцію. Зустрічається на висоті до 1100–1200 м над рівнем моря. Живиться переважно комахами.

Самиця відкладає яйця у листя на деревах. Розвиток відбувається в яйці, без личинкової стадії. З'являються вже сформовані маленькі саламандри.

Розповсюдження

Мешкає у штаті Чіапас (Мексика).

Джерела

  • Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed. (1993) Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies, Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17
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Ixalotriton niger ( vietnamèis )

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Ixalotriton niger là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của México.

Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới và vùng nhiều đá. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

Nguồn

Chú thích

Tham khảo


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Ixalotriton niger: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Ixalotriton niger là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của México.

Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới và vùng nhiều đá. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

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