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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 7.4 years (captivity) Observations: Knowledge regarding ageing in these animals is limited. One wild born specimen was about 7.4 years of age when it died in captivity (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Benefits

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They graze on grasses until the area is depleted, which can cause habitat change.

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Dohring, A. 2002. "Sylvilagus nuttallii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_nuttallii.html
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Associations

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The only antipredation techniques reported are rapidly running to a safe sheltered area and restricting activity to dusk and dawn.

(Chapman, 1975) (Bull, 2000) (Sibr, online)

Mammalian predators include coyotes, bobcats, and martens. Other predators include hawks, eagles, owls, and rattlesnakes.

Known Predators:

  • coyotes (Canis latrans)
  • bobcats (Lynx rufus)
  • martens (Martes)
  • eagles (Accipitridae)
  • owls (Strigiformes)
  • rattlesnakes (Crotalus)
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Morphology

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The mountain cottontail is of medium to large size for its genus with long hind legs and a large tail that is dark on top and light below. The top of the body is covered in grayish brown fur, and the underbelly is white. The hind legs are covered with reddish brown hairs that are long and dense. The ears are rather short and rounded. They have black tips and long hairs on their inner surfaces. The animal's whiskers are usually white. The females have eight to ten mammae. In this species there is a single annual molt. The rabbits weigh between 0.7 kg and 1.2 kg and are between 35 cm and 39 cm in body length. Females are nearly five percent larger than males.

Skull characteristics of Sylvilagus nuttallii include a long rostrum, small supraorbital processes, and long and slender postorbital processes. The animal also has a rounded braincase, and a dental formula of 2/1, 0/0, 3/2, 3/3 with rather large molariform teeth.

(Chapman, 1975) (Chapman, 1999) (Enature, online) (Schneider, 1990)

Range mass: 0.7 to 1.2 kg.

Range length: 35 to 39 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Life Expectancy

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Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
7.4 (high) years.

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Habitat

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The cottontail inhabits brushy or wooded areas on slopes or riverbanks that are often covered with grasses, willows, and most importantly, sagebrush. If vegetation is sparse, as on a rocky mountainside, these rabbits can hide in burrows or rock crevices. (Chapman, 1975) (Sibr, online)

Habitat Regions: terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; scrub forest ; mountains

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Distribution

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The mountain cottontail lives mostly in the western part of the United States. Its range is bordered in the east by Montana’s eastern border, in the west by the Sierra Nevada Mountains, in the south by the middle of New Mexico and Arizona, and in the north by the US/Canadian border; however a small area of Canada right above Montana and Washington is also included. (Chapman, 1975)

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Trophic Strategy

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The rabbit feeds near water, in the cover of brush, or in the open near brush cover. Heavy wind and rain can reduce the likelihood that the animal will eat in the open. (Chapman, 1975) (Verts & Gehman, 1991)

Mountain cottontail prefer grasses when they are available above other food sources, but when grasses are sparse major foods are sagebrush, Western Juniper and the juniper berries. (Enature, online)

Plant Foods: leaves; fruit

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Lignivore); coprophage

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Associations

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This cottontail eats the grass on mountainsides and keeps the vegetation sparse.

Parasites include nematodes and cestodes.

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Benefits

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Their droppings serve as fertilizer and the rabbits are potentially food for endangered species of carnivorous birds, mammals, and snakes. Like other cottontails, the mountain cottontail is valued by humans for its beauty and grace.

Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material

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Conservation Status

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The mountain cottontail is common in its geographic range but has rapidly declined in western North Dakota. (Chapman, 1999)

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Untitled

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There are three subspecies of Sylvilagus nuttallii: S. nuttallii grangeri, S. nuttallii nuttallii, S. nuttallii pinetis. Another common name of this animal is Nuttall’s cottontail. (Chapman, 1999)

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Reproduction

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These cottontails are normally solitary unless the habitat can support more than one animal. The animals mate between March and July and almost always at night. They do not form pair bonds. (Chapman, 1975) (Schneider, 1990) (Verts & Gehman, 1991)

The gestation period is 28-30 days and the female can have four or five litters per year. The litter size is usually 4-8 but in California it is not unusual for a litter to consist of just two babies. Female babies are slightly more abundant than male babies (1 male to 1.1 females).
The young are able to move around outside the nest when they weigh about 75 grams and are weaned after only one month. Sexual maturity appears to be at a minimum of 3 months but probably is actually later than that. (Chapman, 1999) (Chapman, 1975)

Breeding season: March-July

Range number of offspring: 1 to 8.

Average number of offspring: 5.

Range gestation period: 28 to 30 days.

Range weaning age: 28 (high) days.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 90 (low) days.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 90 (low) days.

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); viviparous

Average number of offspring: 3.6.

Before the female gives birth she makes a nest that is shaped like a cup and lines it with grass, fur, and sticks. The young are altricial with no hair, and they are blind. (Schneider, 1990) (Sibr, online)

Parental Investment: altricial

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Konikl Nuttal ( Breton )

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Konikl Nuttal (Sylvilagus nuttallii) a zo ur bronneg geotdebrer hag a vev er Stadoù-Unanet ha Kanada.

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Conill de Nuttall ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El conill de Nuttall (Sylvilagus nuttallii) és una espècie de mamífer de la família Leporidae que viu a Nord-amèrica. Concretament es troba a Canadà als estats d'Alberta, Columbia Britànica i Saskatchewan i als Estats Units d'Amèrica als estats d'Arizona, Califòrnia, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Nou Mèxic, Dakota del Nord, Dakota del Sud, Oregon, Utah, Washington i Wyoming.[1] Pot viure en una gran varietat d'hàbitats, encara que normalment al nord habita en zones amb artemísia i al sud en zones boscoses.[1] La gestació dura entre 28 i 30 dies; la femella pot tenir entre dues i cinc ventrades cada any amb un nombre d'entre quatre i sis cries per ventrada.[1]

Aquest tàxon fou anomenat en honor del botànic i zoòleg britànic Thomas Nuttall.[2]

Referències

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 «Sylvilagus nuttallii» (en anglès). IUCN Red List. [Consulta: 15 agost 2014].
  2. Beolens, B.; Watkins, M.; Grayson, M. The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals (en anglès). The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009, p. 295. ISBN 978-0801893049.
 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Conill de Nuttall Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Conill de Nuttall: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El conill de Nuttall (Sylvilagus nuttallii) és una espècie de mamífer de la família Leporidae que viu a Nord-amèrica. Concretament es troba a Canadà als estats d'Alberta, Columbia Britànica i Saskatchewan i als Estats Units d'Amèrica als estats d'Arizona, Califòrnia, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Nou Mèxic, Dakota del Nord, Dakota del Sud, Oregon, Utah, Washington i Wyoming. Pot viure en una gran varietat d'hàbitats, encara que normalment al nord habita en zones amb artemísia i al sud en zones boscoses. La gestació dura entre 28 i 30 dies; la femella pot tenir entre dues i cinc ventrades cada any amb un nombre d'entre quatre i sis cries per ventrada.

Aquest tàxon fou anomenat en honor del botànic i zoòleg britànic Thomas Nuttall.

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Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen ( German )

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Das Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen (Sylvilagus nuttallii) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Gattung der Baumwollschwanzkaninchen innerhalb der Hasenartigen. Es lebt im Westen des nordamerikanischen Kontinents vom Süden Kanadas bis über weite Teile der Vereinigten Staaten bis New Mexico und Arizona im Süden.

Merkmale

 src=
Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen

Das Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen ist eine relativ große Art der Baumwollschwanzkaninchen. Chapman (1975) gibt für die Männchen eine durchschnittliche Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 35,2 Zentimetern bei einer Spanne von 33,8 bis 37,1 Zentimetern und für die Weibchen eine durchschnittliche Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 37,2 Zentimetern bei einer Spanne von 34,5 bis 39 Zentimetern an. Das Gewicht der Männchen beträgt durchschnittlich etwa 720 Gramm (630 bis 830 Gramm) und das der Weibchen durchschnittlich 790 Gramm (690 bis 870 Gramm). Die Weibchen sind damit ein wenig größer und schwerer als die Männchen, wobei der Unterschied durchschnittlich etwa 4 % ausmacht.[1]

Die Rückenfarbe ist grau und der Bauch weiß, der Schwanz ist groß und gräulich. Die Ohren sind kurz und an der Spitze abgerundet. Die Hinterfüße sind vergleichsweise lang und mit langen Haaren bedeckt.[2][1]

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchens

Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchens umfasst den Westen des nordamerikanischen Kontinents vom Süden Kanadas in den Provinzen Alberta, British Columbia und Saskatchewan bis über weite Teile der Vereinigten Staaten bis New Mexico und Arizona im Süden. Es reicht vom Ostrand der Rocky Mountains bis zur östlichen Begrenzung der Kaskadenkette und der Sierra Nevada.[3] In North Dakota wurde die Art in großen Teilen vom Florida-Waldkaninchen (Sylvilagus floridanus) verdrängt,[2][3] zu dem es vor allem in den nördlichen und zentralen Great Plains allopatrisch vorkommt.[4]

Die Höhenverbreitung reicht in Kalifornien von 1.500 Meter bis mindestens 3.450 Meter.[2]

Lebensweise

Als Lebensräume besiedelt das Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen innerhalb des Verbreitungsgebietes verschiedene Habitate mit stark variierender Vegetation. Im Norden lebt die Art vor allem in Steppengebieten, die von Wüsten-Beifuß (Artemisia tridentata) dominiert sind, während sie im Süden häufiger in bewaldeten Gebieten vorkommt.[2][3]

Die Art lebt als Einzelgänger und ernährt sich während des gesamten Jahres von den Blättern des Wüsten-Beifuß oder von Wacholder (Juniperus-Arten), bevorzugt jedoch vor allem im Frühjahr und Sommer frische Gräser.[2][3] Die Tiere fressen in der Regel im Gebüsch oder nahe möglichen Verstecken. Bei Bedrohung rennt das Kaninchen in der Regel etwa 5 bis 15 Meter in das nächste Versteck und verharrt dort regungslos und aufgestellten Ohren.[2] Es nutzt Bauten und Verstecke, gräbt allerdings wahrscheinlich nicht selber.[2]

Die Paarungs- und Fortpflanzungszeit variiert innerhalb des Verbreitungsgebietes, wobei sie etwa im Nordosten Kaliforniens von April bis Anfang Juli und in Zentral-Oregon von Mitte Februar bis Ende Juli andauert.[2] In der Regel haben die Weibchen zwei Würfe pro Jahr in Kalifornien und vier bis fünf Würfe pro Jahr in Oregon. Die Tragzeit dauert 28 bis 30 Tage, nach denen das Weibchen jeweils vier bis sechs Jungtiere zur Welt bringt.[2][3] In Oregon kann entsprechend ein Weibchen pro Jahr etwa 22 Nachkommen zur Welt bringen.[2]

Systematik

 src=
Illustration des Lepus nuttallii in der Erstbeschreibung von John Bachman, 1837

Das Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen wird als eigenständige Art den Baumwollschwanzkaninchen (Gattung Sylvilagus) zugeordnet. Wissenschaftlich erstbeschrieben wurde es 1837 als Lepus nuttallii von dem amerikanischen Naturgelehrten und Priester John Bachman,[5] der zwei Jahre später auch Lepus artemesia beschrieb, der mit dem Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen synonymisiert wurde. Das Epitheton wurde dabei nach dem englischen Botaniker und Zoologe Thomas Nuttall benannt. 1904 ordnete Marcus Ward Lyon die Art den Baumwollschwanzkaninchen zu,[1] die 1867 von John Edward Gray beschrieben wurden.

Innerhalb der Art werden mit der Nominatform Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttallii sowie S. n. pinetis und S. n. grangeri drei Unterarten beschrieben.[1][4]

Gefährdung und Schutz

Das Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) aufgrund der Bestandsgröße und des großen Verbreitungsgebietes als nicht gefährdet (least concern) eingestuft. Ein Rückgang der Populationen und eine Gefährdung sind nicht bekannt.[3]

Belege

  1. a b c d Joseph A. Chapman: Sylvilagus nuttallii. In: Mammalian Species. Band 56, 1975, S. 1–3 (web.archive.org (Memento vom 29. Februar 2016 im Internet Archive) [PDF; 326 kB; abgerufen am 5. August 2021]).
  2. a b c d e f g h i j Joseph A. Chapman, Gerardo Ceballos: The Cottontails. In: Joseph A. Chapman, John E. C. Flux (Hrsg.): Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. (PDF; 11,3 MB) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Gland 1990; S. 105–106. ISBN 2-8317-0019-1.
  3. a b c d e f Sylvilagus nuttallii in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2012.2. Eingestellt von: Andrew T. Smith, A.F. Boyer, 2008. Abgerufen am 25. November 2012.
  4. a b Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Sylvilagus nuttallii (Memento vom 26. Februar 2016 im Internet Archive) in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed).
  5. John Bachman: Observations on the different species of hares (genus Lepus) inhabiting the United States and Canada. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, 1837; S. 282–361. (Digitalisat)

Literatur

Weblinks

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Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen: Brief Summary ( German )

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Das Berg-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen (Sylvilagus nuttallii) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Gattung der Baumwollschwanzkaninchen innerhalb der Hasenartigen. Es lebt im Westen des nordamerikanischen Kontinents vom Süden Kanadas bis über weite Teile der Vereinigten Staaten bis New Mexico und Arizona im Süden.

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Fenek ta' denbu qotni tal-muntanji ( Maltese )

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Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tal-muntanji jew Fenek ta' denbu qotni ta' Nuttall jew Denb qotni ta' Nuttall, li hu magħruf xjentifikament bħala Sylvilagus nuttallii huwa mammiferu plaċentat tad-Dinja l-Ġdida u membru tal-familja Leporidae (leporidu), fl-ordni Lagomorpha (lagomorfu). Dan id-denb qotni huwa nattiv tal-kontinent ta' l-Amerika ta' fuq.

Distribuzzjoni

Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tal-muntanji għandu distribuzzjoni ma' 2 pajjiżi fil-kontinent ta' l-Amerika ta' fuq u jinsab mifrux fil-Kanada u fl-iStati Uniti.

Klassifikazzjoni

Dan id-denb qotni huwa 1 minn 9 speċi li qegħdin klassifikati fis-sottoġeneru Sylvilagus u l-ispeċi maqsuma minn ta' linqas fi 3 sottospeċijiet rikonoxxuti.

Referenzi

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Fenek ta' denbu qotni tal-muntanji: Brief Summary ( Maltese )

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Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tal-muntanji jew Fenek ta' denbu qotni ta' Nuttall jew Denb qotni ta' Nuttall, li hu magħruf xjentifikament bħala Sylvilagus nuttallii huwa mammiferu plaċentat tad-Dinja l-Ġdida u membru tal-familja Leporidae (leporidu), fl-ordni Lagomorpha (lagomorfu). Dan id-denb qotni huwa nattiv tal-kontinent ta' l-Amerika ta' fuq.

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Mountain cottontail

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Mountain cottontail in snow.

The mountain cottontail or Nuttall's cottontail (Sylvilagus nuttallii) is a species of mammal in the family Leporidae. It is found in Canada and the United States.

Description

The mountain cottontail is a small rabbit but its size is relatively large for the genus. Hind legs are long; the feet are densely covered with long hair. Ears are relatively short and rounded at the tips; the inner surfaces are noticeably haired.[2] It has pale brown fur on the back, a distinct pale brown nape on the back of the head, black-tipped ears, a white-grey tail, and a white underside. The brown nape on the back of the head is a smaller size from than that of the Snowshoe Hare, helping to distinguish the two separate species from each other. Additionally, contrasting with the Snowshoe Hare’s long hops, the mountain cottontails take short distinctive leaps.[3]

Range

This species is generally confined to the intermountain area of North America, especially the Western United States. It ranges from just above the Canada–US border south to Arizona and New Mexico, and from the foothills of the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains and west to the eastern slopes of the Cascade-Sierra Nevada.[2] It has a large east to west range from the state of South Dakota to California. Additionally, three subspecies exist under the S. nuttallii and they tend to remain separate in geographical terms.[4] Aside from geographical confinement, the mountain cottontail survives in a large range of elevations under 6000 feet[5] and the landscape in which it resides differs in legislation.[3]

Diet

Mountain cottontail diet is primarily made up of sagebrush and varies toward grasses during the spring and summer seasons.[6] It is made up in large part of grasses such as wheatgrasses, needle-and-thread, Indian ricegrass, cheatgrass brome, bluegrasses, and bottlebrush squirreltail.[7] Dependent on the area the diet may include quantities of shrubs such as Big sagebrush, rabbitbrush, and saltbushes. Juniper is also a common food source for the mountain cottontail.[6] As food sources becomes more limited in the winter months the diet may turn to more woody plant parts such as bark and twigs.

Mountain cottontail in the snow at Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge (Wyoming)

Reproduction

The nest of S. nuttallii is reported to be a cup-like cavity lined with fur and dried grass. The top of the nest is covered with fur, grass, and small sticks, probably placed there by the female. The average fetal sex ratio in Oregon was 1 male to 1.05 females; the adult sex ratio was 1 male to 1.18 females.[2] Depending on location, the breeding season will vary but ranges during the spring and summer seasons,[6] through February to July, and possibly later in warmer climates. The mountain cottontail is extremely reproductive and they reproduce around of 2-5 litters per year.[6] Mean litter sizes average 4–6 kits per litter.[2] In California and Nevada, the average litter size is around 6.1, 4.7 for rabbits in Washington and Oregon, and 2.0 for those in British Columbia.[8] The gestation period for this cottontail is 28–30 days, and the female may be bred during postpartum estrous.

Behavior

Lagomorphs produce two types of fecal pellets, dry and moist. The dry ones are the typical rabbit poop you see around, while the moist ones are typically eaten by the animal (coprophagy or hindgut fermentation). These moist pellets contain large amounts of nutrients that were passed out of the body the first time, and if they are not re-ingested those nutrients will be lost. They are not a social species and spend the largest quantity of time performing non-social behavior, but congregations occur on popular feeding grounds. Majority of feeding occurs at dusk and dawn in clearings near cover or in brush. The Mountain Cotton tail is also known to climb juniper trees to feed or drink water. Over 50% of the time the Mountain cottontail is active, it is feeding. The most common social behavior seen is during reproductive actions or courting. Although these Lagomorphs are not territorial the males typically have a larger home range than females.[9]

The rabbits remain active all year. When spooked a rabbit will run a couple meters then hide and freeze with ears erect, if further pursued the rabbit will hop away in a semicircular path to try and trick the predator. The only behavior to reduce predation is limiting active time to dusk and dawn, and the semicircular path they hop when chased. Predators include coyotes, bobcats, lynxes, martens, crows, ravens, hawks, owls, and rattlesnakes.[10][11]

Mountain cottontail in the University of Toronto Mississauga.

References

  1. ^ Smith, A.T.; Brown, D.E. (2019). "Sylvilagus nuttallii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41300A45192243. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41300A45192243.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Chapman, Joseph A., 1975, Sylvilagus nuttallii, Mammalian Species No. 56, The American Society of Mammalogists
  3. ^ a b Frey, Jennifer K.; Malaney, Jason L. (December 2006). "Snowshoe Hare (Lepus Americanus) and Mountain Cottontail (Sylvilagus Nuttallii) Biogeography at Their Southern Range Limit". Journal of Mammalogy. 87 (6): 1175–1182. doi:10.1644/05-mamm-a-374r2.1. ISSN 0022-2372. S2CID 37225575.
  4. ^ French, Johnnie (2020-07-16). "Biogeography, Morphology, and Systematics of the Mountain Cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii (Bachman, 1837), Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Leporidae". Dissertations and Theses. doi:10.15760/etd.7396.
  5. ^ Frey, S. (2016-10-01). "Cottontails and Jackrabbits". All Current Publications.
  6. ^ a b c d Webmaster, David Ratz. "Mountain Cottontail - Montana Field Guide". fieldguide.mt.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  7. ^ Johnson, Mark K., Richard M. Hansen, Feb 1979, Foods of Cottontails and Woodrats in South-Central Idaho, Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 213-215
  8. ^ Chapman, Joseph A. (1975). "Sylvilagus nuttallii". Mammalian Species (56): 1–3. doi:10.2307/3503902. ISSN 0076-3519. JSTOR 3503902.
  9. ^ Sylvilagus nuttallii - Mountain cottontail (Species). (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2018, from http://wildpro.twycrosszoo.org/S/0MLagomorph/Leporidae/Sylvilagus/Sylvilagus_nuttallii.htm
  10. ^ Dohring, A. (n.d.). Sylvilagus nuttallii (mountain cottontail). Retrieved April 27, 2018, from http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Sylvilagus_nuttallii/
  11. ^ Verts, B.J. and Steven D. Gehman, Activity and Behavior of Free-Living Sylvilagus nuttallii, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Nash Hall, Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331

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Mountain cottontail: Brief Summary

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Mountain cottontail in snow.

The mountain cottontail or Nuttall's cottontail (Sylvilagus nuttallii) is a species of mammal in the family Leporidae. It is found in Canada and the United States.

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Sylvilagus nuttallii ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Sylvilagus nuttallii es una especie de mamífero de la familia leporidae que vive en Canadá y Estados Unidos.

Referencias

  1. Smith, A.T. y Boyer, A.F. (2008). «Sylvilagus nuttallii». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 24 de enero de 2013.

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Sylvilagus nuttallii: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Sylvilagus nuttallii es una especie de mamífero de la familia leporidae que vive en Canadá y Estados Unidos.

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Sylvilagus nuttallii ( Basque )

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Sylvilagus nuttallii Sylvilagus generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Leporidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Bachman (1837) 7 J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 345. or..
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Sylvilagus nuttallii: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Sylvilagus nuttallii Sylvilagus generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Leporidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Lapin de Nuttall ( French )

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Sylvilagus nuttallii

Le Lapin de Nuttall (Sylvilagus nuttallii) est une espèce de lapin de la famille des Léporidés. Elle est présente au Canada et aux États-Unis. L’espèce porte le nom de Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), botaniste et zoologiste britannique.

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Sylvilagus nuttallii ( Italian )

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Il silvilago di montagna (Sylvilagus nuttallii Bachman, 1837), o silvilago di Nuttall, è una specie nordamericana di Leporide.

È diffuso nella fascia intermontana che va dalla Columbia Britannica e dal Saskatchewan meridionali, in Canada, fino alla California meridionale, al Nevada, all'Arizona centrale e al Nuovo Messico nord-occidentale, negli Stati Uniti.

Ricoprendo un'area molto esteso, occupa habitat diversi a seconda dell'areale. A nord vive soprattutto nelle boscaglie di Artemisia tridentata (o sagebrush), mentre a sud si incontra con più facilità in aree boschive.

Questo silvilago, lungo 33,8-37,1 cm, si nutre tutto l'anno di Artemisia tridentata e ginepro, ma in primavera ed estate consuma anche moltissima erba. Dopo una gestazione di 28-30 giorni, la femmina dà alla luce da quattro a sei coniglietti. Come tutti i conigli, anche questa è una specie molto prolifica, tanto che ogni anno una femmina può partorire da due a cinque nidiate. Il periodo della riproduzione varia a seconda della distribuzione.

Note

  1. ^ Scheda Archiviato il 3 giugno 2010 in Internet Archive. in (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ (EN) Johnston, C.H. and Smith, A.T. (Lagomorph Red List Authority) 2008, Sylvilagus nuttallii, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

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Sylvilagus nuttallii: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il silvilago di montagna (Sylvilagus nuttallii Bachman, 1837), o silvilago di Nuttall, è una specie nordamericana di Leporide.

È diffuso nella fascia intermontana che va dalla Columbia Britannica e dal Saskatchewan meridionali, in Canada, fino alla California meridionale, al Nevada, all'Arizona centrale e al Nuovo Messico nord-occidentale, negli Stati Uniti.

Ricoprendo un'area molto esteso, occupa habitat diversi a seconda dell'areale. A nord vive soprattutto nelle boscaglie di Artemisia tridentata (o sagebrush), mentre a sud si incontra con più facilità in aree boschive.

Questo silvilago, lungo 33,8-37,1 cm, si nutre tutto l'anno di Artemisia tridentata e ginepro, ma in primavera ed estate consuma anche moltissima erba. Dopo una gestazione di 28-30 giorni, la femmina dà alla luce da quattro a sei coniglietti. Come tutti i conigli, anche questa è una specie molto prolifica, tanto che ogni anno una femmina può partorire da due a cinque nidiate. Il periodo della riproduzione varia a seconda della distribuzione.

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Sylvilagus nuttallii ( Malay )

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Arnab Ekor Kapas Gunung atau Arnab Ekor Kapas Nuttal (Sylvilagus nuttallii) ialah satu spesies arnab yang ditemui di Kanada dan Amerika Syarikat.

References

  1. ^ Smith, A.T. & Boyer, A.F. (2008) Sylvilagus nuttallii di: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org Diterima pada 01 February 2010.
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Sylvilagus nuttallii: Brief Summary ( Malay )

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Arnab Ekor Kapas Gunung atau Arnab Ekor Kapas Nuttal (Sylvilagus nuttallii) ialah satu spesies arnab yang ditemui di Kanada dan Amerika Syarikat.

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Bergkatoenstaartkonijn ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Het bergkatoenstaartkonijn (Sylvilagus nuttallii) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de hazen en konijnen (Leporidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Bachman in 1837.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Sylvilagus nuttallii ( Portuguese )

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O Coelho-de-Nuttall ou coelho-da-montanha (Sylvilagus nuttallii) é um leporídeo encontrado nos Estados Unidos e no Canadá.

Referências

  • HOFFMAN, R. S., ANDREW, T. S. (2005). in WILSON, D. E., REEDER, D. M. (eds). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3ª ed. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 2.142 pp. 2 vol.
  • Lagomorpha Specialist Group 1996. Sylvilagus nuttallii. IUCN 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Acessado em 21 de janeiro de 2008.
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Sylvilagus nuttallii: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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O Coelho-de-Nuttall ou coelho-da-montanha (Sylvilagus nuttallii) é um leporídeo encontrado nos Estados Unidos e no Canadá.

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Bergskanin ( Swedish )

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Bergskanin (Sylvilagus nuttallii[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av John Bachman 1837. Sylvilagus nuttallii ingår i släktet bomullssvanskaniner, och familjen harar och kaniner.[10][11]

Utseende

Denna kanin blir med svans 34 till 39 cm lång, svanslängden är 3 till 5,5 cm och vikten varierar mellan 630 och 870 g. Arten har 9 till 11 cm långa bakfötter. Honor är allmänt lite större än hannar.[12] Pälsen har på ovansidan en gråbrun färg och undersidan är täckt av vit päls. På extremiteternas utsida förekommer rödbrun päls och öronen är avrundade. Öronens spetsar är svarta och på insidan förekommer långa hår. Även svansen är uppdelad i en mörk ovansida och en vit undersida. Bergskaninen har svarta och vita morrhår. Tandformeln är I 2/1 C 0/0 P 3/2 M 3/3, alltså 28 tänder.[13]

Utbredning och habitat

Arten förekommer i bergstrakter i västra och centrala Nordamerika. Den vistas i regioner som ligger 1370 till 3200 meter över havet. Bergskaninen hittas i Kanada och i norra USA i områden som domineras av växter från malörtssläktet (Artemisia). Längre söderut lever den även i olika slags skogar.[1]

Ekologi

Födan utgörs av gräs, växter från malörtssläktet, enbuskar och av andra växtdelar. Bergskaninen gräver underjordiska bon som kan vara upp till 60 cm djupa. Kanske använder den även bon som skapades av andra djur. Boet fodras med gräs och hår.[12] Individerna är främst aktiva under skymningen och gryningen och de lever främst ensamma. När bergskaninen hotas så skuttar den till närmaste gömställe. När faran fortsätter försöker den förvilla fienden med ojämna rörelser.[13]

Honor kan ha upp till fyra kullar mellan april och juli. Dräktigheten varar 28 till 30 dagar och sedan föds vanligen fyra ungar (sällan upp till 6 eller mycket sällan upp till 8 ungar). Ungarna diar sin mor upp till 28 dagar och de blir könsmogna efter cirka 90 dagar. Några exemplar i fångenskap blev lite äldre än 7 år.[12][13]

Status

I södra delen av utbredningsområdet blev arten mera sällsynt på grund av konkurrensen med östlig bomullssvanskanin (Sylvilagus floridanus). För hela beståndet finns inga allvarliga hot. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:[10]

  • S. n. nuttallii
  • S. n. grangeri
  • S. n. pinetis

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Sylvilagus nuttallii Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. (1999) , The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
  6. ^ (1998) , website, Mammal Species of the World
  7. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2, Sylvilagus nuttallii
  8. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  9. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  10. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (7 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  11. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  12. ^ [a b c] Chapman, Joseph A. (21 november 1975). Sylvilagus nuttallii (på engelska). Mammalian Species #56. American Society of Mammalogists. http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-056-01-0001.pdf. Läst 9 mars 2017.
  13. ^ [a b c] Alyce Dohring (7 april 2002). ”Mountain cottontail” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Sylvilagus_nuttallii/. Läst 9 mars 2017.

Externa länkar

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Bergskanin: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Bergskanin (Sylvilagus nuttallii) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av John Bachman 1837. Sylvilagus nuttallii ingår i släktet bomullssvanskaniner, och familjen harar och kaniner.

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Sylvilagus nuttallii ( Ukrainian )

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Поширення

Країни проживання: Канада, США. Висоти проживання: від 1372 м до принаймні 3200 м над рівнем моря. Живе у різних місцях проживання. На півночі в основному займає полинне середовище існування, в той час як на півдні зустрічається частіше в лісових районах.

Морфологія

Довжина голови й тіла: 33.8–37.1 см. Задні ноги довгі, ступні густо вкриті довгою шерстю. Вуха заокруглені на кінцях і відносно короткі, внутрішні поверхні помітно вкриті шерстю. Sylvilagus nuttallii має блідо-коричневе хутро на спині, блідо-коричневу потилицю, чорні кінці вух, біло-сірий хвіст і біле хутро знизу.

Поведінка

Харчується полином і ялівцем протягом усього року, де ця рослинність росте, але трави є більш споживаними при наявності навесні і влітку. Найбільш активними ці кролики є до 09:00 і після 16:00 годин.

Відтворення

Сезон розмноження є різним по всьому ареалу. Вагітність триває 28–30 днів. Самиця може давати від двох до п'яти приплодів на рік, від 4 до 6 дитинчат у кожному.

Джерела

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Thỏ đuôi bông núi ( Vietnamese )

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Thỏ đuôi bông núi hay Thỏ đuôi bông Nuttall (tên khoa học Sylvilagus nuttallii) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Leporidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở CanadaMỹ. Loài này được Bachman mô tả năm 1837.[2]

Phạm vi

Loài này bị giới hạn trong các khu vực núi của Bắc Mỹ. Nó dao động từ trên phía nam biên giới Canada tới Arizona và New Mexico, và từ chân triền núi phía đông của dãy núi Rocky và phía tây đến sườn phía đông của Cascade-Sierra Nevada Range.[3]

Hành vi

Hầu hết các hoạt động của những chúng là buổi sáng sớm và chiều tối. Chúng không phải là loài xã hội và dùng hầu hết thời gian thực hiện hành vi phi xã hội. Các hành vi xã hội phổ biến nhất là nhìn thấy trong hành động sinh sản hay tán tỉnh. Hơn 50% thời gian của thỏ đuôi bông núi được dùng cho việc ăn.[4]

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Smith, A.T. & Boyer, A.F. (2008) Sylvilagus nuttallii Trong: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Ấn bản 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org Truy cập 01 February 2010.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Sylvilagus nuttallii”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ Chapman, Joseph A., 1975, Sylvilagus nuttallii, Mammalian Species No. 56, The American Society of Mammalogists
  4. ^ Verts, B.J. and Steven D. Gehman, Activity and Behavior of Free-Living Sylvilagus nuttallii, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Nash Hall, Oregon State University Covalis, Oregon 97331

Liên kết ngoài

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Thỏ đuôi bông núi: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Thỏ đuôi bông núi hay Thỏ đuôi bông Nuttall (tên khoa học Sylvilagus nuttallii) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Leporidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở CanadaMỹ. Loài này được Bachman mô tả năm 1837.

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Кролик Нутталла ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
Грандотряд: Грызунообразные
Семейство: Зайцевые
Вид: Кролик Нутталла
Международное научное название

Sylvilagus nuttallii Bachman, 1837

Ареал

изображение

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Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
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ITIS 180126NCBI 50378EOL 976911FW 161713

Кролик Нутталла (лат. Sylvilagus nuttallii) — один из видов американских кроликов (Sylvilagus) из отряда зайцеобразных, обитает в Соединенных Штатах и Канаде. Латинское и русское названия даны в честь Томаса Наттолла, английского ботаника и зоолога первой половины XIX века, который с 1808 по 1841 год жил и работал в США[1].

Описание

Кролик Нутталла небольшое животное, но его размеры относительно велики для рода. Задние ноги длинные; ступни густо покрыты длинными волосами. Уши закруглённые на концах и относительно короткие; внутренние поверхности заметно оволосены[2]. Мех на спине бледно-коричневый, отчётливой светло-коричневый на затылке, кончики ушей чёрные, хвост беловато-серый и брюшко белое. По меньшим размерам и коричневому пятну на затылке этого кролика можно отличить от американского беляка.

Ареал

Этот вид приурочен к внутренним горным областям Северной Америке. Он встречается от районов чуть к северу от канадской границы на юг до Аризоны и Нью-Мексико, и от предгорий восточных склонов Скалистых гор и к западу до восточных склонов Каскадных гор и хребта Сьерра-Невада[2]. Ареал этого вида в Канаде расширялся в течение XX столетия, сейчас он встречается в провинциях Альберта, Саскачеван и небольшая изолированная популяция в Британской Колумбии[3].

Питание

Рацион кролика Нутталла состоит в значительной части из злаков, таких как житняки, мятлики, Hesperostipa comata (англ.)русск., Oryzopsis hymenoides (англ.)русск., Bromus tectorum (англ.)русск. и Elymus elymoides (англ.)русск.[4]. В зависимости от области распространения рацион может включать определённое количество кустарников, таких как Artemisia tridentata (англ.)русск., Ericameria (англ.)русск. и лебеда. В тот период, когда источники пищи становится более ограниченным в зимние месяцы, рацион может пополняться за счёт древесных растений, их коры и веток.

Размножение

Гнездо S. nuttallii — чашеобразная полость, выстланная мехом и сухой травой. Сверху гнездо прикрыто мехом, травой и небольшими веточками, вероятно, принесёнными туда самой самкой. В Орегоне среднее соотношение полов среди молодых — 1 самец на 1,05 самок; соотношение полов у взрослых — 1 самец на 1,18 самок[2]. В зависимости от местоположения сезон размножения будет меняться с февраля по июль. Средний размер выводка 4—6 крольчат[2]. Период беременности у этого кролика 28—30 дней, и самка может быть оплодотворена во время послеродового эструса.

Поведение

Наибольшая активность этих кроликов приходится на раннее утро и поздний вечер. Они не являются высоко социальным видом животных и большую часть времени не проявляют какого-либо социального поведения. Наиболее распространённым социальное поведение становится во время репродуктивного взаимодействий или ухаживания. Более 50% времени активности кролика Нутталла составляет питание[5].

Примечания

  1. Beolens B., Watkins M., Grayson M., The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. P. 295.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Chapman, Joseph A., 1975, Sylvilagus nuttallii, Mammalian Species No. 56, The American Society of Mammalogists
  3. Banfield A. W. F. The Mammals of Canada. Baltimore. Toronto & Buffalo: University Toronto Press. P. 79.
  4. Johnson, Mark K., Richard M. Hansen, Feb 1979, Foods of Cottontails and Woodrats in South-Central Idaho, Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 213-215
  5. Verts, B.J. and Steven D. Gehman, Activity and Behavior of Free-Living Sylvilagus nuttallii, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Nash Hall, Oregon State University Covalis, Oregon 97331
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Кролик Нутталла: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Кролик Нутталла (лат. Sylvilagus nuttallii) — один из видов американских кроликов (Sylvilagus) из отряда зайцеобразных, обитает в Соединенных Штатах и Канаде. Латинское и русское названия даны в честь Томаса Наттолла, английского ботаника и зоолога первой половины XIX века, который с 1808 по 1841 год жил и работал в США.

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산솜꼬리토끼 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

산솜꼬리토끼 또는 누탈솜꼬리토끼(Sylvilagus nuttallii)는 토끼과에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다.[2] 캐나다미국에서 발견된다.

생태

몸길이는 33.8~37.1cm이고, 연중 사게브러시와 향나무 등을 먹지만 봄과 여름에는 많은 풀을 먹기도 한다. 28~30일 정도의 임신 기간 이후 암컷은 4~6마리의 새끼를 낳는다. 다른 토끼와 마찬가지로 일년에 2~5번 정도 새끼를 낳을 정도로 번식을 많이 한다. 번식 주기는 분포 지역마다 다르다.

분포 및 서식지

캐나다 브리티시컬럼비아주서스캐처원주 남부 지역부터 미국 캘리포니아주 남부와 네바다주, 애리조나주 중부, 뉴멕시코주 북서부 지역 사이의 산간 지대에 널리 분포한다. 메우 넓은 지역에 분포하며 지역에 따라 다른 서식지에 생활한다. 분포 지역 북쪽에서는 주로 사게브러시와 같은 관목 지대에서 사는 반면에 남쪽에서는 숲이 우거진 지역에서 더 쉽게 발견된다.

아종

3종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[2]

  • S. n. nuttallii
  • S. n. pinetis
  • S. n. grangeri

각주

  1. Smith, A.T. & Brown, D.E. 2019. Sylvilagus nuttallii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T41300A45192243. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41300A45192243.en. Downloaded on 03 September 2020.
  2. Hoffman, R.S.; Smith, A.T. (2005). 〈SPECIES Sylvilagus (Sylvilagus) nuttallii. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 185–211쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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