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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 14.6 years (captivity)
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Benefits

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There are no known adverse effects of desert iguanas on humans.

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Associations

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Raptors, snakes, and foxes are all predators of desert iguanas. Coachwhip snakes (Masticophis flagellum) are also a major predator of desert iguanas and other lizards in the Sonoran Desert of the Southwestern United States. The desert iguana’s grayish-brown body coloring is advantageous for desert environments and may act as camouflage. Desert iguanas will retreat to their burrows when threatened, but are also capable of inflating themselves to keep from being pried out of their hiding places. In the open, this behavior allows them to seem larger and discourage predators. Desert iguanas also have autotomous tails which, when lost, distract their predators and potentially allow the lizard to escape.

Known Predators:

  • Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum)

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Morphology

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Desert iguanas are medium-sized lizards. They have a stout, rounded body with a small head. Their snout to vent length (SVL) is about 13 cm (5.25 inches). Their tail is long and tapered, and generally measures a little less than twice the body length. They are typically 33 to 36 cm in total length (13 to 14 inches), with a maximum overall length of 40.6 cm (16 inches). Hatchling desert iguanas are only about 3.75 inches long. Desert iguanas have a grayish brown coloring with a reticulated dark, reddish brown pattern on their dorsal surface. Their ventral surface is a pale gray or cream that lacks any reticulations. The tail is decorated with small reddish brown dots. Both female and male desert iguanas exhibit areas of pinkish pigment on their lateral-ventral surfaces during mating season. Female and male desert iguanas appear very similar to one another, although males are usually characterized by reddish markings near their tails. Desert iguanas have fine, granular dorsal scales and a faint serrated crest that runs from the neck onto the tail. Desert iguanas have large, oval ear holes, well formed limbs, and are equipped with femoral pores that are used for marking territory.

Average mass: 69.5 g.

Range length: 33.02 to 40.64 cm.

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes colored or patterned differently; male more colorful

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Life Expectancy

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The lifespan of desert iguanas in captivity averages about 7 years, with the longest lifespan recorded in captivity being 14.6 years. Little is known about the lifespan of wild individuals, although it is likely to be less than those in captivity.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
14.6 (high) years.

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
less than 7 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
7 years.

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Habitat

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Desert iguanas inhabit desert environments. Their preferred habitats include creosote flats and thornscrub forests. They are terrestrial animals but are capable of climbing at least one meter above the ground in creosote bushes. They are capable of withstanding high temperatures and are often active during the hottest part of the day, becoming less active when the sun is not shining. They are most active at 40°C (104°F) and are capable of handling temperatures up to 46°C (115°F). Higher temperatures, ranging from 55° to 60°C (131° to 140°F) are fatal. When inactive or at night, they take shelter in small mammal burrows, usually found at the base of creosote bushes or cacti.

Range elevation: Below sea level to 5,000 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; scrub forest

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Distribution

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Desert iguanas are endemic to the Sonoran Desert of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico and to the Mojave Desert of the Western United States. They can also be found on several islands in the Sea of Cortez.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Trophic Strategy

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Desert iguanas are primarily folivores, but will also occasionally eat insects. They feed on the buds, leaves and flowers of a variety of annual and perennial plants, with vegetation making up over ninety percent of their diets. The types of plants eaten change seasonally. In spring they will particularly eat yellow flowers, especially those of the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Alfalfa leaves (Medicago sativa) are also a part of their diet, as are the feces of other herbivores. Occasionally they will eat arthropods, such as crickets and mealworms, but this behavior is rare in the wild. Captive desert iguanas will eagerly consume yellow mealworms, with wild individuals also taking mealworms, when offered. Desert iguanas in captivity have also been known to eat dandelion flowers (Taraxacum sp). They have even been observed eating yellow flagging tape, which suggests that the color yellow plays an important role in their foraging strategy.

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: leaves; fruit; flowers

Other Foods: dung

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore ); coprophage

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Associations

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Desert iguanas are a food source for the predators in their geographic range, including foxes, raptors, and snakes. Desert iguanas also serve as hosts to a number of parasitic microbes. In order to keep the microbes from excessively multiplying and causing internal damage, infected desert iguanas maintain higher than normal body temperatures. If an infected individual is prevented from achieving a higher internal body temperature, then the microbes can have detrimental effects. Aside from these microbes, there are currently no known parasites specific to this species.

Commensal/Parasitic Species:

  • Cyrtosomum scelopori (Family Atractidae, Phylum Nematoda)
  • Ozolaimus sp. (Family Oxyuridae, Phylum Nematoda)
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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Benefits

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Desert iguanas often serve as pets for humans and are also used in research.

Positive Impacts: pet trade ; research and education

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Life Cycle

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Currently, there is no information available regarding specific aspects of the development and life cycle of desert iguanas.

Development - Life Cycle: indeterminate growth

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Conservation Status

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The IUCN Red List classifies desert iguanas as a species of least concern. It is estimated that their population exceeds 100,000 adults. Some local populations have experienced decline due to habitat destruction and highways.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Behavior

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Desert iguanas are equipped with femoral pores that absorb ultraviolet wavelengths and then produce fluorescent chemicals that are used as territory markers. These markers are only visible to species that can detect ultraviolet wavelengths. Little is known about sensory perception in desert iguanas. They appear to have color vision, as demonstrated by their affinity for yellow flowers, yellow mealworms and yellow flagging tape. They also are able to communicate through aggressive displays, such as push-ups.

Communication Channels: visual ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: scent marks

Perception Channels: visual ; ultraviolet; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Reproduction

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Desert iguanas are a polygynous species. Their mating system centers around the cooler microhabitats created by the creosote bushes and other desert shrubs. The bushes and shrubs are a major food source for desert iguanas but they also provide the coolest midday temperatures and females develop their home ranges around them. Desert iguanas are a territorial species and aggression between sexually mature males competing for females and resources is common. Aggressive displays between males that are designed to attract females often include push-ups, as in many other iguanid species. Dominant males will also establish their territory around desert shrubs, allowing better access to more females.

Mating System: polygynous

The breeding season begins in spring and continues through midsummer. Peak breeding intervals occur in May and June. Desert iguanas are oviparous, usually laying eggs in early to late summer. Females generally lay one clutch of eggs per season, although under optimal conditions they can lay two clutches per season. Egg clutches typically contain from three to eight eggs. Females dig burrows in the ground, then position themselves over the burrow to deposit their eggs. The eggs are then covered with soil and left alone. Desert iguanas reach sexual maturity around 31-33 months of age. Both male and femalese exhibit pinkish pigment on the sides of their ventral surfaces during mating season. There is little known about the actual reproductive process and gestation in this species.

Breeding interval: Desert iguanas generally breed once a year, although they may breed twice if conditions are optimal

Breeding season: Copulation typically occurs in May and June

Range number of offspring: 3 to 8.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 31 to 33 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 31 to 33 months.

Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; oviparous

Desert iguanas provide very little parental investment for their offspring. Females will dig a burrow, lay the eggs, and cover them. Once the eggs hatch there is no parental involvement.

Parental Investment: no parental involvement; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female)

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Sloan, A. 2012. "Dipsosaurus dorsalis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dipsosaurus_dorsalis.html
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Distribution

provided by ReptileDB
Continent: Middle-America North-America
Distribution: USA (SE California, S Nevada, W Arizona, SW Utah), Mexico (Baja California, W Sonora, NW Sinaloa)
Type locality: Desert of Colorado, California. Restricted to Winterhaven = Fort Yuma), Imperial County, by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 78. carmenensis: endemic to Isla Carmen, Gulf of California. catalinensis: endemic to Santa Catalina, Baja California. lucasensis: Mexico (Baja California);
Type locality: San Jose de Cabo, Baja California, Mexico.
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Igwan an dezerzh ( Breton )

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Igwan an dezerzh (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) a zo ur stlejvil hag a vev e mervent Stadoù-Unanet Amerika ha gwalarn Mec'hiko.

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Wüstenleguan ( German )

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Der Wüstenleguan (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) lebt im Südosten Kaliforniens, im südlichen Nevada, im südwestlichen Utah, im westlichen und südlichen Arizona, in Niederkalifornien und in den Wüsten von Sonora und Sinaloa im nordwestlichen Mexiko sowie auf einigen Inseln im Golf von Kalifornien. Sein Verbreitungsgebiet deckt sich mit dem des Kreosotbusches. Der Gattungsname leitet sich vom Griechischen dipsa = „Durst“ und sauros = „Echse“ ab. Die Gattung ist monotypisch, besteht also nur aus dieser einen Art.

Merkmale

Diese Echsen erreichen eine Gesamtlänge von 40 Zentimetern, wovon der Schwanz fast 60 Prozent ausmacht. Entlang des Rückens bis zur Schwanzwurzel bildet eine Reihe größerer, gekielter Schuppen einen sehr niedrigen Kamm. Die Färbung oberseits ist hellgrau, mit einer braunen und dunkelgrauen Flecken- oder Netzzeichnung auf dem drehrunden Rumpf und auf dem Schwanz. Am Schwanz können sich die Flecken zu einer Ringzeichnung verbinden. Die Bauchseite ist weißlich. In der Paarungszeit schimmern die Flanken beider Geschlechter rosa. Wüstenleguane haben einen runden Kopf mit einer stumpfen Schnauze und großen Ohröffnungen.

Es werden neben der Nominatform noch drei weitere Unterarten unterschieden.

Lebensweise

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Verbreitungsgebiet

Nach der Überwinterung beginnt im Frühjahr, etwa ab April, die Paarungszeit. Von Mai bis Juli legen die Weibchen bis zu zweimal je zwei bis zehn Eier in den warmen Wüstenboden. Der Schlupf der Jungtiere findet zwischen Juli und September statt.

Die Tiere sind äußerst hitzetolerant und selbst im Hochsommer noch zur Mittagszeit aktiv. Sie können eine Erwärmung des Körpers auf über 47 °C ertragen. Bevorzugt ernähren sie sich von Pflanzen und klettern dazu in Kreosotbüschen und anderen Sträuchern, um Blätter und Blüten zu fressen. Daneben nehmen Wüstenleguane aber auch Insekten und Aas auf. Sie suchen Unterschlupf in selbstgegrabenen Bodenlöchern oder in verlassenen Kängururatten-Bauten.

Fressfeinde

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Wüstenleguane

Zu den natürlichen Feinden des Wüstenleguans zählen vor allem Greifvögel; aber auch Kojoten stellen ihm nach. Giftschlangen sind für sie ebenfalls eine Gefahr. Zwar flüchten Wüstenleguane oft zu rasch, um von Schlangen direkt überwältigt werden zu können – dabei laufen sie nur auf den Hinterbeinen und legen die Vorderbeine an den Körper an. Aber wenn ein Leguan und eine Giftschlange im gemeinsamen Erdversteck aufeinandertreffen, nutzt die Schlange diese Gelegenheit und frisst auch einmal einen Wüstenleguan.

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Wüstenleguan: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Wüstenleguan (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) lebt im Südosten Kaliforniens, im südlichen Nevada, im südwestlichen Utah, im westlichen und südlichen Arizona, in Niederkalifornien und in den Wüsten von Sonora und Sinaloa im nordwestlichen Mexiko sowie auf einigen Inseln im Golf von Kalifornien. Sein Verbreitungsgebiet deckt sich mit dem des Kreosotbusches. Der Gattungsname leitet sich vom Griechischen dipsa = „Durst“ und sauros = „Echse“ ab. Die Gattung ist monotypisch, besteht also nur aus dieser einen Art.

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Desert iguana

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The desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) is an iguana species found in the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts of the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, as well as on several Gulf of California islands.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in the Catalog of North American Reptiles, by Spencer Fullerton Baird and Charles Frédéric Girard, in 1859 as Crotaphytus dorsalis. It was reclassified two years later as Dipsosaurus dofus dorsalis by Edward Hallowell.[3] The generic name comes from a combination of two Greek words meaning "thirsty lizard": "Dipsa" (δίψα) for "thirsty", and "sauros" (σαῦρος) for "lizard". The specific name, "dorsalis", comes from the Latin word dorsum meaning "spike", in reference to a row of enlarged spiked scales on the middle of the lizard's back which form a crest that extends almost to the tip of its vent. Dipsosaurus contains two species, D. dorsalis, and D. catalinensis.[4] Genetic evidence supports Dipsosaurus being the most basal extant member of Iguanidae, diverging during the late Eocene, about 38 million years ago.[5]

There are two peninsular and one continental subspecies of the desert iguana.

Description

The desert iguana is a medium-sized lizard which averages 41 cm (16 in) in total length but can grow to a maximum of 61 cm (24 in) including the tail.[6] They are pale gray-tan to cream in color with a light brown reticulated pattern on their backs and sides. Down the center of the back is a row of slightly-enlarged, keeled dorsal scales that become slightly larger farther down the back. The reticulated pattern gives way to brown spots near the back legs, turning into stripes along the tail. The tail is usually around 1½ times longer than the body from snout to vent. The belly is pale. During the breeding season, the sides become pinkish in both sexes.

Habitat

Their preferred habitat is largely contained within the range of the creosote bush, mainly dry, sandy desert scrubland below 1,000 m (3,300 ft). They have a significant presence in the Sonoran and Mojave deserts. They can also be found in rocky streambeds up to 1,000 m. In the southern portion of its range, these lizards lives in areas of arid subtropical scrub and tropical deciduous forest.

These lizards can withstand high temperatures and are out and about after other lizards have retreated into their burrows. They seek shade when their body temperature is in the low-forties (celsius), and seek the protection of a burrow when their body temperature reaches the mid-forties (Celsius). They burrow extensively and if threatened will scamper into a shrub and go quickly down a burrow. Their burrows are usually dug in the sand under bushes like the creosote. They also often use burrows of kit foxes and desert tortoises.

Reproduction also plays a role in where these lizards are found. It is believed that the high temperature environment helps with successful hatching of eggs. The eggs often hatch between temperatures of 28 and 38 degrees Celsius.[7]

Diet and reproduction

Mating takes place around May-June. Only one clutch of eggs is laid each year, with each clutch having 3-8 eggs.[8] The hatchlings emerge around September.[8]

Desert iguanas are primarily herbivorous, eating buds, fruits and leaves of many annual and perennial plants.[8] They are especially attracted to the flowers and leaves of the creosote bush.[8] They also eat insects, especially ants.[9] Predators of these iguanas and their eggs are birds of prey, foxes, rats, long-tailed weasels, and snakes.[8]

References

  1. ^ "Dipsosaurus dorsalis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
  2. ^ Malone, C.L.; French, S. (2019). "Dipsosaurus dorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T194975A2370621. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T194975A2370621.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  3. ^ Baird, S. F.; Girard, C. (1852). "Characteristics of some new reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, part 2". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 6: 125–129. hdl:10088/34417.
  4. ^ "Dipsosaurus dorsalis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  5. ^ Malone, Catherine L.; Reynoso, Víctor Hugo; Buckley, Larry (2017-10-01). "Never judge an iguana by its spines: Systematics of the Yucatan spiny tailed iguana, Ctenosaura defensor (Cope, 1866)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 115: 27–39. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.010. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 28716742.
  6. ^ Stebbins, Robert (2003). Western Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 338–339, 537. ISBN 0-395-98272-3.
  7. ^ Muth, Allan (1980). "Physiological Ecology of Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) Eggs: Temperature and Water Relations". Ecology. 61 (6): 1335–1343. doi:10.2307/1939042. ISSN 1939-9170. JSTOR 1939042.
  8. ^ a b c d e Lemm, Jeffrey.(2006) Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of the San Diego Region (California Natural History Guides). University of California Press.
  9. ^ Dibble, Christopher (2008). "Diet and Sexual Dimorphism of the Desert Iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, from Sonora, Mexico". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Frost, D.R. and R.E. Etheridge (1989) A Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomy of Iguanian Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 81
  • Frost, D.R., R. Etheridge, D. Janies and T.A. Titus (2001) Total evidence, sequence alignment, evolution of Polychrotid lizards, and a reclassification of the Iguania (Squamata: Iguania). American Museum Novitates 3343: 38 pp.
  • Hancock, T. V., & Gleeson, T. T. (2007). Contributions to Elevated Metabolism during Recovery: Dissecting the Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) in the Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 81(1), 1–13.
  • Revell, T. K., & Dunbar, S. G. (2007). The energetic savings of sleep versus temperature in the Desert Iguana ( Dipsosaurus dorsalis) at three ecologically relevant temperatures. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 148(2), 393–398.
  • Valdivia-Carrillo, T., García-De León, F. J., Blázquez, M. C., Gutiérrez-Flores, C., & González Zamorano, P. (2017). Phylogeography and Ecological Niche Modeling of the Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Baird & Girard 1852) in the Baja California Peninsula. The Journal of Heredity, 108(6), 640–649.

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Desert iguana: Brief Summary

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The desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) is an iguana species found in the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts of the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, as well as on several Gulf of California islands.

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis en el desierto de Baja California (Iguana del desierto)

La iguana del desierto (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) es uno de los lagartos más comunes de los desiertos de Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora y Mojave, en el suroeste de Estados Unidos y el noroeste de México. También se hallan en varias islas del Golfo de California.[3]

Taxonomía

La especie fue descrita por primera vez en el Catálogo de Reptiles de Norte América por Spencer Fullerton Baird y Charles Frédéric Girard) en 1853 como Crotaphytus dorsalis; siendo reclasificada dos años más tarde como Dipsosaurus dorsalis por Edward Hallowell.[4]​ El nombre genérico proviene del griego y significa "lagarto sediento": dipsa (δίψα), "sediento" y sauros(σαῦρος), "lagarto". El nombre específico, dorsalis, proviene del latín dorsum "dorso", en referencia a la fila de escamas alargadas en la mitad del dorso del animal que forma una cresta que se extiende casi hasta la cola. Dipsosaurus es un género monotípico con D. dorsalis como la única especie reconocida.

Descripción

La iguana de desierto es un lagarto de tamaño mediano, llega a alcanzar los 61 cm incluyendo la cola.[5]​ Es de color gris pálido a crema con un patrón reticulado color marrón claro en la espalda y a en los lados. Del centro de la espalda hacia abajo presenta una fila de escamas ligeramente mayores que se hacen más grandes a medida que se bajan por la espalda. El patrón reticulado da lugar a manchas marrones cerca de la parte de atrás las patas traseras, convirtiéndose en rayas a lo largo de la cola. La cola es normalmente aproximadamente 1,5 veces más larga que la longitud del cuerpo desde el hocico hasta la cloaca. El vientre es de color pálido. Durante la época de apareamiento, los laterales se vuelven rosáceos en ambos sexos.

Hábitat

Su hábitat preferido solapa en gran medida con el rango de distribución del arbusto Larrea tridentata o gobernadora. Se trata de un hábitat seco, de matorral xerófilo por debajo de 1000 metros. También se puede encontrar en lechos rocosos. En la parte más meridional de su área de distribución, este lagarto vive en zonas de matorral subtropical árido y bosque tropical caducifolio.

Estos lagartos pueden soportar altas temperaturas y salen de sus madrigueras incluso después que otros lagartos se hayan retirado a sus madrigueras. Generalmente crean sus madrigueras en los montículos de arena que se acumulan en torno a la base de arbustos como la gobernadora. A menudo también suben a éstos en busca de refugio y defensa, también utilizan con frecuencia las viejas madrigueras de los zorros kit y tortugas del desierto.

Dieta y reproducción

El apareamiento tiene lugar a comienzos de la primavera. Se cree que solo hay una puesta cada año y que cada puesta es de 3 a 8 huevos.[6]​ Las crías eclosionan alrededor de septiembre.[6]

Las iguanas del desierto son principalmente herbívoras, comeniendo brotes, hojas y frutos de muchas plantas anuales y perennes.[6]​ Se sienten especialmente atraídas por las flores amarillas de la gobernadora. Los depredadores de estas iguanas y sus huevos son las aves de presa, zorros, ratas, comadrejas de cola larga, algunas serpientes, y los humanos.[6]

Referencias

  1. Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica. «Dipsosaurus dorsalis (TSN 173921)» (en inglés).
  2. Hammerson, G.A., Frost, D.R. y Gadsden, H. (2007). «Dipsosaurus dorsalis». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2011.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 22 de marzo de 2012.
  3. Valdivia-Carrillo, Tania; García-De León, Francisco J; Blázquez, Ma. Carmen; Gutiérrez-Flores, Carina; González Zamorano, Patricia (1 de septiembre de 2017). «Phylogeography and Ecological Niche Modeling of the Desert Iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Baird & Girard 1852) in the Baja California Peninsula». Journal of Heredity 108 (6): 640-649. ISSN 0022-1503. doi:10.1093/jhered/esx064. Consultado el 16 de abril de 2021.
  4. Baird,S.F. & Girard,C. (1852). Characteristics of some new reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, part 2. Proceedings at the Acadamey of Natural Science, Philadelphia. 6: 125-129
  5. Stebbins, Robert (2003). Western Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 338-339, 537. ISBN 0395982723.
  6. a b c d Lemm, Jeffrey.(2006) Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of the San Diego Region (California Natural History Guides). University of California Press.
  • Frost, DE; RE Etheridge. 1989. A Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomy of Iguanian Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 81
  • Frost, DR, R Etheridge, D Janies, TA Titus. 2001. Total evidence, sequence alignment, evolution of Polychrotid lizards, and a reclassification of the Iguania (Squamata: Iguania). American Museum Novitates 3343: 38 pp.

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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 src= Dipsosaurus dorsalis en el desierto de Baja California (Iguana del desierto)

La iguana del desierto (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) es uno de los lagartos más comunes de los desiertos de Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora y Mojave, en el suroeste de Estados Unidos y el noroeste de México. También se hallan en varias islas del Golfo de California.​

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis ( Basque )

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis Dipsosaurus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Iguanidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. www.iucnredlist.org. 2012ko urriaren 20an eskuratua.
  2. The Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life

Ikus, gainera

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis Dipsosaurus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Iguanidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Aavikkoiguaani ( Finnish )

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Aavikkoiguaani eli aavikkoleguaani (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) on leguaanilaji, joka elää Yhdysvaltain lounaisosissa ja Meksikon luoteisosissa kuivilla puoliaavikoilla. Se on yksi yleisimmistä liskolajeista Mojaven ja Sonoran aavikoilla. Sitä esiintyy myös Kalifornianlahden saarilla. Aavikkoiguaani on sukunsa Dipsosaurus ainoa laji.[2] Aavikkoiguaanin ruumis on litteähkö, pää pieni ja pyöreä. Häntä on suurin piirtein puolet liskon koko mitasta, ja siinä on suuremmat suomut kuin muussa ruumiissa. Pohjaväritys on vaalean harmaanruskea, ja siinä on tummempia poikittaisjuovia ja vaaleista täplistä muodostuneita pitkittäisiä jonoja. Vatsapuoli on vaalea. Aavikkoiguaani kasvaa noin 38 sentin mittaiseksi.

Lähteet

  1. Hammerson, G.A., Frost, D.R. & Gadsden, H.: Dipsosaurus dorsalis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2007. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 25.6.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): Dipsosaurus dorsalis (TSN 173921) itis.gov. Viitattu 11.5.2010. (englanniksi)
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Aavikkoiguaani: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Aavikkoiguaani eli aavikkoleguaani (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) on leguaanilaji, joka elää Yhdysvaltain lounaisosissa ja Meksikon luoteisosissa kuivilla puoliaavikoilla. Se on yksi yleisimmistä liskolajeista Mojaven ja Sonoran aavikoilla. Sitä esiintyy myös Kalifornianlahden saarilla. Aavikkoiguaani on sukunsa Dipsosaurus ainoa laji. Aavikkoiguaanin ruumis on litteähkö, pää pieni ja pyöreä. Häntä on suurin piirtein puolet liskon koko mitasta, ja siinä on suuremmat suomut kuin muussa ruumiissa. Pohjaväritys on vaalean harmaanruskea, ja siinä on tummempia poikittaisjuovia ja vaaleista täplistä muodostuneita pitkittäisiä jonoja. Vatsapuoli on vaalea. Aavikkoiguaani kasvaa noin 38 sentin mittaiseksi.

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis ( French )

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis, l'Iguane du désert, unique représentant du genre Dipsosaurus, est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Iguanidae[1].

Répartition

 src=
Aire de répartition de l'espèce Dipsosaurus dorsalis selon l'UICN (consulté le 14 mars 2013).

Cette espèce se rencontre aux États-Unis en Californie, au Nevada, en Arizona et en Utah et au Mexique en Basse-Californie, en Basse-Californie du Sud, au Sonora et au Sinaloa[1].

 src=
Dipsosaurus dorsalis

C'est l'un des lézards les plus communs des déserts de Sonora et des Mojaves. On le rencontre également dans certaines îles du Golfe de Californie.

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (3 décembre 2012)[2] :

  • Dipsosaurus dorsalis catalinensis Van Denburgh, 1922
  • Dipsosaurus dorsalis dorsalis (Baird & Girard, 1852)
  • Dipsosaurus dorsalis lucasensis Van Denburgh, 1920
  • Dipsosaurus dorsalis sonoriensis Allen, 1933

Le statut de la sous-espèce Dipsosaurus dorsalis catalinensis est discuté, Larry Lee Grismer en 1999[3] considère que certains caractères acquis en font une espèce à part entière.

Publications originales

  • Allen, 1933 : Report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from Sonora, Mexico, with the description of a new lizard. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, n. 259, p. 1-15 (texte intégral).
  • Baird & Girard, 1852 : Characteristics of some new reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, part 2. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 6, p. 125-129 (texte intégral).
  • Van Denburgh, 1920 : Description of a new lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis lucasensis) from Lower Calfornia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, vol. 10, n. 4, p. 1-28 (texte intégral).
  • Van Denburgh, 1922 : The reptiles of western North America, an account of the species known to inhabit California and Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, British Columbia, Sonora and Lower California, Volume I. Lizards. Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences, n. 10, p. 1–612 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté le 3 décembre 2012
  3. Grismer, 1999 : An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, México. Herpetologica, vol. 55, no 4, p. 446-469 (texte intégral).
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Dipsosaurus dorsalis: Brief Summary ( French )

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis, l'Iguane du désert, unique représentant du genre Dipsosaurus, est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Iguanidae.

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis ( Italian )

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L'iguana del deserto (Dipsosaurus dorsalis (Baird & Girard, 1852)), è un rettile appartenente alla famiglia Iguanidae. È l'unica specie nota del genere Dipsosaurus.[2]

Distribuzione habitat

La specie è diffusa negli Stati Uniti sud-occidentali (California, Nevada, Arizona e Utah) e nel Messico settentrionale (Baja California, W Sonora, NW Sinaloa).[2]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Hammerson, G.A., Frost, D.R. & Gadsden, H. 2007, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Dipsosaurus dorsalis, in The Reptile Database. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2014.

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Dipsosaurus dorsalis: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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L'iguana del deserto (Dipsosaurus dorsalis (Baird & Girard, 1852)), è un rettile appartenente alla famiglia Iguanidae. È l'unica specie nota del genere Dipsosaurus.

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Pustyniogwan ( Polish )

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Pustyniogwan, legwan brązowy, legwan pustynny (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) – gatunek jednej z najpospolitszych jaszczurek na pustyniach: Sonora i Mojave w południowo-zachodniej części Stanów Zjednoczonych i w północno-zachodnim Meksyku. Występuje także na kilku wyspach Zatoki Kalifornijskiej.

Taksonomia

Gatunek został pierwotnie opisany w Catalog of North American Reptiles Spencera Fullertona Birda i Charlesa Frédérica Girarda w 1853. Edward Hallowell przeklasyfikował Crotaphytus dorsalis, dwa lata później, pod nazwę Dipsosaurus dorsalis[2]. Nazwa rodzaju pochodzi od kombinacji dwóch greckich słów – Dipsa(δίψα) ("spragniona") i sauros(σαῦρος) ("jaszczurka"). Drugi człon nazwy naukowej – dorsalis pochodzi od łacińskiego słowa dorsum, oznaczającego "plecy", co odnosi się do rzędu powiększonych łusek na środku grzbietu jaszczurki.

Morfologia

Pustyniogwan osiąga średnią wielkość w porównaniu z innymi przedstawicielami rodziny legwanowatych. Dorasta do 40 cm (razem z ogonem)[3]. Ubarwienie matowoszare z jasnobrązowym, siatkowanym wzorem na grzbiecie. Przy tylnych nogach, wzór zamienia się w pasy, przebiegające przez cały ogon, który jest zwykle około jeden i pół raza dłuższy niż reszta ciała. Podbrzusze jest jasne. W czasie sezonu rozrodczego u obu płci boki stają się różowawe.

Środowisko

Preferowany habitat często pokrywa się z obszarami na których występuje roślina Larrea tridentata – to przeważnie suche, piaszczyste obszary porośnięte zaroślami. Mogą być także znajdowane w pobliżu skalistych koryt rzecznych. W południowej części środowiska, na którym występuje, jaszczurka zamieszkuje obszary wysuszonego, podzwrotnikowego buszu oraz tropikalne lasy liściaste.

Pustyniogwany wytrzymują wysokie temperatury, dlatego wychodzą na powierzchnię, podczas gdy inne jaszczurki kryją się w norach. Często w celach obronnych wspinają się na krzewy. Nory zazwyczaj są kopane we wzgórkach piasku, który gromadzi się w pobliżu krzaków, takich jak Larrea tridentata. Mogą używać gotowych nor lisów długouchych i żółwi Gopherus agassizii.

Pożywienie i rozród

Jaszczurki te rozmnażają się wczesną wiosną. Uważa się, że raz w roku, składają od trzech do ośmiu jaj[4]. Młode wykluwają się koło września[4].

Pustyniogwany są głównie zwierzętami roślinożernymi, żywią się pąkami, owocami i liśćmi wielu roślin – zarówno jednorocznych, jak i wieloletnich[4]. Jednym z ich ulubionych pokarmów są żółte kwiaty Larrea tridentata[4]. Czasami jedzą owady, kał (ssaków i jaszczurek) oraz padlinę[4].

Drapieżniki polujące na jaszczurki, bądź zjadające ich jaja to: ptaki drapieżne, lisy, szczury, łasice, niektóre węże i ludzie[4].

Przypisy

  1. Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  2. Baird,S.F. and Girard,C. (1852). Characteristics of some new reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, part 2. Proceedings at the Acadamey of Natural Science, Philadelphia. 6: 125-129
  3. Robert Stebbins: Western Reptiles and Amphibians. Nowy Jork: Houghton Mifflin, 2003, s. 338–339, 537. ISBN 0-395-98272-3.
  4. a b c d e f Lemm, Jeffrey.(2006) Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of the San Diego Region (California Natural History Guides). University of California Press.

Bibliografia

  1. Frost, D.E. and R.E. Etheridge (1989) A Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomy of Iguanian Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 81
  2. Frost, D.R., R. Etheridge, D. Janies and T.A. Titus (2001) Total evidence, sequence alignment, evolution of Polychrotid lizards, and a reclassification of the Iguania (Squamata: Iguania). American Museum Novitates 3343: 38 pp.

Linki zewnętrzne

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Pustyniogwan: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Pustyniogwan, legwan brązowy, legwan pustynny (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) – gatunek jednej z najpospolitszych jaszczurek na pustyniach: Sonora i Mojave w południowo-zachodniej części Stanów Zjednoczonych i w północno-zachodnim Meksyku. Występuje także na kilku wyspach Zatoki Kalifornijskiej.

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Cự đà sa mạc ( Vietnamese )

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Cự đà sa mạc (tên khoa học Dipsosaurus dorsalis) là một loài thằn lằn trong họ Cự đà (Iguanidae). Loài này được Baird & Girard mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1852.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Hammerson, G.A.; Frost, D.R.; Gadsden, H. (2007). Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2014.3. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 2015.
  2. ^ Dipsosaurus dorsalis. The Reptile Database. Truy cập ngày 31 tháng 5 năm 2013.

Tham khảo

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Cự đà sa mạc: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cự đà sa mạc (tên khoa học Dipsosaurus dorsalis) là một loài thằn lằn trong họ Cự đà (Iguanidae). Loài này được Baird & Girard mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1852.

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沙漠鬣蜥 ( Chinese )

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二名法 Dipsosaurus dorsalis
(Baird and Girard), 1852 Dipsosaurus dorsalis distribution.png

沙漠鬣蜥學名Dipsosaurus dorsalis)是沙鬣蜥屬Dipsosaurus)下唯一一種生物,常見于索諾蘭沙漠莫哈韋沙漠,在加利福尼亞灣的幾個島嶼上也有分佈。

分類

沙漠鬣蜥最初是由斯賓塞·富勒頓·貝爾德及Charles Frédéric Girard於1853年所描述,並分類在環頸蜥屬中。後來艾德華·哈洛威(Edward Hallowell)於兩年後將之更名為現時的學名[2]屬名是以希臘文的「口渴」及「蜥蜴」組成而來。種小名是來自拉丁文的「背部」,意指沙漠鬣蜥背上一排很大的鱗片。沙鬣蜥屬是單型的,即其下只有一個物種

特徵

沙漠鬣蜥是中等身型的蜥蜴,連尾巴長41厘米。[3]牠們呈淡灰褐色至奶白色,兩側及背上有淺褐色的網紋。背部中央有一道稍大的鱗片,這些鱗片向尾巴漸大。在近腳背附近有褐色斑點,而尾巴上的則是斑紋。尾巴一般是身體長度的1.5倍。腹部淡色。於繁殖期間,雄蜥及雌蜥的兩側都會變成粉紅色。

棲息地

沙漠鬣蜥主要棲息在矮橡樹生長、乾旱、沙質及低於海拔1000米的環境。牠們也會走到岩石河床。在南部分佈地,牠們會棲息在乾旱的亞熱帶叢林及熱帶落葉林

沙漠鬣蜥可以抵受高溫。牠們經常攀到叢林間遮蔭或避難。牠們的巢一般是以沙丘造成,有時也會利用敏狐沙漠陸龜的巢。

食性及繁殖

沙漠鬣蜥會於初春交配,相信每年只會生一次蛋,每次生3-8隻蛋。[4]幼蜥會約於9月出生。[4]

沙漠鬣蜥主要是草食性,吃芽、果實葉子[4]牠們特別會受矮橡樹的黃花所吸引。[4]也有指牠們會吃昆蟲糞便腐屍[4]

沙漠鬣蜥的天敵是猛禽狐狸大家鼠長尾鼬、一些人類[4]

參考

  1. ^ Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 2008 [2 September, 2008] (英语). 请检查|access-date=中的日期值 (帮助)
  2. ^ Baird, S. F. and Girard, C. Characteristics of some new reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, part 2. Proceedings at the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia. 1852, 6: 125–9.
  3. ^ Stebbins, Robert. Western Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 2003: 338–339, 537. ISBN 0395982723.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Lemm, Jeffrey. Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of the San Diego Region (California Natural History Guides). University of California Press. 2006.
  • Frost, D.E. and R.E. Etheridge (1989) A Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomy of Iguanian Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. 81
  • Frost, D.R., R. Etheridge, D. Janies and T.A. Titus (2001) Total evidence, sequence alignment, evolution of Polychrotid lizards, and a reclassification of the Iguania (Squamata: Iguania). American Museum Novitates 3343: 38 pp.

外部連結

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:沙漠鬣蜥
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沙漠鬣蜥: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

沙漠鬣蜥(學名:Dipsosaurus dorsalis)是沙鬣蜥屬(Dipsosaurus)下唯一一種生物,常見于索諾蘭沙漠莫哈韋沙漠,在加利福尼亞灣的幾個島嶼上也有分佈。

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维基百科作者和编辑

サバクイグアナ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
サバクイグアナ サバクイグアナ
サバクイグアナ Dipsosaurus dorsalis
保全状況評価 LEAST CONCERN
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 LC.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 爬虫綱 Reptilia : 有鱗目 Squamata 亜目 : トカゲ亜目 Sauria 下目 : イグアナ下目 Iguania : イグアナ科 Iguanidae 亜科 : イグアナ亜科 Iguaninae : サバクイグアナ属
Dipsosaurus Hallowell, 1854 : サバクイグアナ D. dorsalis 学名 Dipsosaurus dorsalis
(Baird & Girard, 1852) シノニム

Crotaphytus dorsalis
Baird & Girard, 1852

和名 サバクイグアナ 英名 Desert iguana

Dipsosaurus dorsalis distribution.png

サバクイグアナ学名Dipsosaurus dorsalis)は、イグアナ科サバクイグアナ属に分類されるトカゲ。本種のみでサバクイグアナ属を形成する。

分布[編集]

アメリカ合衆国アリゾナ州カリフォルニア州ネバダ州)、メキシコ北西部

形態[編集]

全長30-40cm。体色は白や淡褐色。赤い斑点が胴体では縦縞状、尾では横縞状に入る。背面にはあまり発達しない鬣状の鱗(クレスト)がある。種小名dorsalisは「背の、背中の」の意。

オスは繁殖期になると腹部の体側面がピンク色になる。

分類[編集]

3-4亜種に分かれるとされる。

  • Dipsosaurus dorsalis catalinensis Van Denburgh, 1922
  • Dipsosaurus dorsalis dorsalis (Baird & Girard, 1852)
  • Dipsosaurus dorsalis lucasenis Van Denburgh, 1920

生態[編集]

低木や岩があり草がまばらに生えた砂漠に生息することが、和名や英名(desert=砂漠)の由来。昼行性。気温の高い日には低木の茂みや岩の下などで休む。危険を感じた時は物陰に素早く逃げ込む。

食性は植物食傾向の強い雑食で、植物の果実昆虫節足動物などを食べる。

繁殖形態は卵生。4-5月に交尾を行い、6-8月に1回に3-8個の卵を産む。卵は8-9月に孵化する。

人間との関係[編集]

ペットとして飼育されることもあり、日本にも輸入されている。主に野生個体が流通する。テラリウムで飼育される。上面は通気性の確保と脱走防止のため金網などで蓋をする。床材として赤玉土やウッドチップ、砂などをやや厚めに敷く。強い光を好むため紫外線照射量の多いフルスペクトルライトやメタルハライドランプなどを点灯する。また小型の電球をケージ内の一部に照射し、高温になる場所を作る。餌は主に野菜や果実等の植物質を与えるが、コオロギを与えると食べることもある。餌にはカルシウム剤等のサプリメントを振りかけて栄養価を上げる。

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、サバクイグアナに関連するメディアがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにサバクイグアナに関する情報があります。

参考文献[編集]

  • 海老沼剛 『爬虫・両生類ビジュアルガイド トカゲ1 アガマ科&イグアナ科』、誠文堂新光社2004年、75頁。
  • 千石正一監修 長坂拓也編著 『爬虫類・両生類800種図鑑 第3版』、ピーシーズ、2002年、31頁。

外部リンク[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
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wikipedia 日本語

サバクイグアナ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

サバクイグアナ(学名:Dipsosaurus dorsalis)は、イグアナ科サバクイグアナ属に分類されるトカゲ。本種のみでサバクイグアナ属を形成する。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語