Tyrannophryne pugnax Regan & Trewavas 1932

Metamorphosed females distinguished by having an extremely large oblique mouth; elements of upper and lower jaws extending posteriorly far beyond the base of the pectoral fin and opercular opening; vomerine teeth present or absent; well developed sphenotic spines; well-developed symphisial spine on lower jaw; elongate and tapering angular, forming long narrow spine; hypomandibula with two heads; small quadrate spine, however, longer than articular spine; deeply notched posterior margin of opercle; short and broad subopercle, dorsal end rounded, ventral end nearly circular; toothless pharyngobranchial II; caudal fin lacking internal pigmentation; extremely short illicium, almost totally enveloped by tissue of esca in smaller specimens; well developed first ray of dorsal fin; dorsal fin rays 5; anal fin rays 5; short and broad pectoral fin lobe, shorter than longest rays of pectoral fin; pectoral fin rays 18-20; skin naked, lacking dermal spinules; darkly pigmented skin of caudal peduncle extends well past base of caudal fin (Ref. 86949).

Dorsal soft rays (total): 5; Analsoft rays: 5

廣泛分布全球。臺灣採自東北部海域。

除研究外，亦可用於科學教育，不具漁業利用價值。

背鰭鰭條6；臀鰭鰭條4，胸鰭鰭條14-16，尾鰭鰭條9。體相當延長，前方半部扁平，尾部細長側扁。頭部扁平，略為方形，眼睛位於兩側。口相當大且寬，前上頷骨分離、上頜遠超出下頜；吻觸手及其支鰭骨相當短，餌球位於口腔上方，腹視可見。牙齒為犬齒狀，相當延長。體色深棕色，口腔白。新鮮時，口腔及各鰭條末端為黃螢光色。本種1912年發表自菲律賓，但因模式標本餌球損壞，故無從確認該特徵，台灣產兩標本之餌球構造具有相當之差異，故目前僅為暫時之鑑定，未來仍有待進一步研究。(何宣慶 2012/12)

深海游泳性，以特化的吻觸手及末端餌球引誘獵物。雌雄異型，雄魚成長後不具吻觸手。雄魚不寄生。肉食性，以其他深層游泳性魚蝦類為食。產浮性卵，形成帶狀或卵筏，藉由洋流飄送各地。

Tyrannophryne pugnax, the tyrant devil is a species of deep-sea anglerfish in the dreamer family, Oneirodidae. It is the sole member of its genus. Like other oneirodids, T. pugnax is a bathypelagic fish with a bioluminescent lure. It is known only from two adolescent female specimens, one caught in 1928 near Tahiti-Rarotonga, and the other in 1956 northwest of Bikini Atoll.

The most distinctive feature of T. pugnax is its extremely long lower jaw, the joint of which extends backwards well past the base of the pectoral fin. The body of the fish is relatively slender, naked, and entirely black in color. The tail fin has unpigmented rays and is covered by dark skin for some distance past its base. The sphenotic spines (above the eyes) and symphysial spine (at the tip of the jaw) are present.

Tyrannophryne pugnax can be found at around 2000 meters depth in the south pacific near the island of Tahiti. These fish can vary in size but are usually around 4.7 centimetres (1.9 in) in length.