Comments
provided by eFloras
Eriophyllum lanatum is a polyploid complex of intergrading regional facies treated here as varieties. Artificial hybridization studies show that strong barriers to interbreeding exist among the varieties at the diploid level (J. S. Mooring 2001). In nature, morphologically intermediate polyploid populations often occur in regions where the ranges of the varieties approach one another. Edaphic factors and light intensity also make identification more difficult by strongly influencing leaf morphology and sizes of structures. For example, cultivated individuals of var.
achilleoides may have laciniately toothed rather than pinnatifid leaves. Rarely, plants of different varieties maintain their identity while growing side by side. In some instances, one is diploid and the other tetraploid; in others both are diploid. Varieties
arachnoideum, croceum, grandiflorum, and
obovatum apparently form natural hybrids with
E. confertiflorum var.
confertiflorum; past hybridizations may have resulted in the origin of
E. latilobum and
E. jepsonii (L. Constance 1937; P. A. Munz 1959; Mooring 1994) and
E. confertiflorum var.
tanacetiflorum (Mooring 1994).
Our treatment of Eriophyllum lanatum closely follows that of L. Constance (1937), which was done without benefit of cytogeographic studies. The key is to modal populations of the varieties, usually based on living plants.
Some varieties have been introduced into cultivation as ornamentals.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Perennials or subshrubs, 10–100 cm (sometimes flowering first year). Stems erect to decumbent (usually woolly). Leaves (proximal usually alternate): blades mostly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1–8 cm, often 1–2(–3)-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins toothed, serrate, or entire, revolute or plane, faces hairy, often woolly (more densely abaxially, sometimes glabrate adaxially; distal leaves reduced in size and lobing). Heads borne singly or (2–5+) in corymbiform arrays. Peduncles mostly 3–30 cm. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 6–15 mm diam. Phyllaries 5–13(–15), distinct or connate at bases (lanceolate to ovate, carinate or plane). Ray florets 0 or 5–13(–15); laminae golden yellow to yellow, 6–20 (× 2–7) mm. Disc florets 20–300; corollas 2.5–5 mm (tubes usually glandular or glandular-hairy, glabrous in var. hallii). Cypselae 2–5 mm; pappi usually of 6–12 ovate or cuneate to lanceolate or lance-linear (often unequal), erose or lacerate scales 0.3–2 mm, sometimes coroniform, rarely 0.
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Actinella lanata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 560. 1813
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Brief Summary
provided by EOL authors
Eriophyllum lanatum is moderately widely distributed in western North America. This subshrub occurs at elevations less than 4000 meters from California north to British Columbia and eastward to Montana, Wyoming, Nevada. The species is found in a variety of dry habitats.
Also known as the Common woolly sunflower, this subshrub attains a stature of ten to 100 centimeters. Linear to ovate Leaves are one to eight centimeters long, generally glabrous above. The inflorescence may have a single to five or more heads. There are 20 to 300 disk flowers, with corollae measuring 2.5 to 5.0 millimeters across. Fruits are generally variable, but typically measure two to five mm.
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard
1: 422. 1900.
Trichophyllum multiflorum Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 35. 1834. Bahia multiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 373. 1841.
A perennial, with a cespitose base; stems 3-4 dm. high, branched above, densely but loosely white-tomentose; leaves petioled, oblanceolate or obovate in outline, deeply pinnatifid or bipinnatifid with lance-linear divisions, loosely tomentose on both sides; heads solitary at the ends of the branches; peduncles 4-7 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, about 1 cm. high and 1.5 cm. broad; bracts 8-14, abruptly acuminate at the apex; ray-flowers as many; ligules 6-7 mm. long; disk-corollas 4 mm. long, glandular-hispid; tube scarcely more than half as long as the glandular-puberulent throat; achenes 4 mm. long, glabrous; squamellae about 8, oblong, entire, slightly less than 1 mm. long.
Type locality: "In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of Missouri" [Montana].
Distribution: Montana to Oregon.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1915. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE. North American flora. vol 34(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Eriophyllum caespitosum Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1167
1828.
Helenium caespitosum Dougl.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 7331841.
Bahia arachnoidea Fisch. & Ave-Lall. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 9: 63. 1842.
Bahia latifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 30. 1844.
? Egletes californica Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 56. 1855.
Eriophyllum caespitosum lalifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883.
Eriophyllum arachnoideum Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 207. 1894.
A perennial, shrubby at the base; stems 3-6 dm. high, loosely floccose, corymbosely
branched; leaves rhombic in outline, with winged petioles, 2-5 cm. long, deeply 3(or rarely 5-)
lobed, thin, loosely floccose, in age green and glabrate above; lobes usually sinuate-dentate;
heads several; peduncles 3-7 cm. high; involucre 9-11 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; bracts
10-15; ray-flowers as many; ligules 8-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, bright-yellow, in drying
turning brown; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; tube densely glandular-hispid, fully as long as the
puberulent throat; achenes 4 mm. long, glabrous; squamellae about 8, minute, about 0.2 mm.
long.
Type locality: "Northwest America from the sea to the valley of the Rocky Mountains." Distribution: Central California near the coast.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1915. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE. North American flora. vol 34(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes, Ilort. Woburn. 183. 1833
Actinella lanata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 500. 1814. Trichophyllum lanatum Nutt. Gen. 2: 167. 1818. Actinea lanata Pursh; Steud. Nom. Bot. Phan. 15. 1821. Helenium lanatum Spreng. Syst. 3: 574. 1826. Bahia lanala DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.
A perennial, with a cespitose base; stems several, about 3 dm. high, loosely tomentose, simple or branched; leaves obovate in outline, loosely white-tomentose on both sides but slightly greener above, pinnatifid with linear or oblong divisions; heads solitary at the ends of the branches; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre hemispheric, 9-10 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad, white-tomentose; bracts 10-12, acute; ray-flowers as many; ligules bright-yellow, about 10 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 4 mm. long; tube densely glandular-hispid, much shorter than the puberulent throat; achenes glabrous, 4 mm. long; squamellae obovate, about 0.5 mm. long.
Type locality: On the high banks of the Kooskoosky. Distribution: Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1915. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; HELENIEAE, TAGETEAE. North American flora. vol 34(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Eriophyllum lanatum
provided by wikipedia EN
Eriophyllum lanatum, with the common names common woolly sunflower, Oregon sunshine and golden yarrow,[3] is a common, widespread, North American plant in the family Asteraceae.[4][5][2]
Description
Eriophyllum lanatum is a perennial herb growing from 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 inches) in height, in well-branched clumps. Both the stems and leaves may be covered with a woolly gray hair, but some plants lack this. The leaves are 2.5–7.5 cm (1–3 in) long,[3] linear on the upper stems, and slender and pinnately lobed on the lower stems.[2] The hairs conserve water by reflecting heat and reducing air movement across the leaf's surface.[2][3]
The flowers are yellow and composite, looking much like true sunflowers, and sometimes grow to about 5 cm (2 in) wide.[3] Both the (8–12) ray and disk flowers are yellow,[3] with one flower head on each flowering stalk.[2][6] The flower heads have 6–14 rays, which are darker towards the base, and several disk flowers.[7] They bloom from May to August.[4][5] The seeds have scales at the tip.[3]
Taxonomy
The Lewis and Clark Expedition reportedly saw this plant growing above their camp on the Clearwater River (near present-day Kamiah, Idaho), and collected two specimens on 6 June 1806. Botanist Frederick Traugott Pursh studied the plants collected on the expedition; his first classification and naming of the species, as Actinella lanata, was published in 1813.[8]
The common name "woolly sunflower" is often used to describe any member of the genus Eriophyllum.
Varieties
Varieties include:[2][4][6]
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillioides (DC.) Jeps. — California, Nevada, Oregon.[9]
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum (Fisch. & Avé-Lall.) Jeps. — Spiderweb sunflower; endemic to the California Coast Ranges from Del Norte County to Monterey County in California.[10]
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum (Greene) Jeps. — Sierra woolly sunflower; endemic to the Sierra Nevada in California.[11]
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum (A.Gray) Jeps. — Large flowered woolly sunflower; northern California, Oregon.[12]
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii Constance — Fort Tejon woolly sunflower, Hall's woolly sunflower; endemic to the Tehachapi Mountains in Kern County, and Sierra Madre Mountains in Santa Barbara County, in southern California.[13]
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium (Hook.) Smiley — Oregon sunshine; California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.[14]
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanatum — Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum (Howell) Jeps. — endemic to the Klamath Mountains, in NW California and SW Oregon.[15]
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. leucophyllum (DC.) W.R.Carter — British Columbia, Oregon, Washington.
-
Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum (Greene) H.M.Hall — Southern Sierra woolly sunflower; endemic to the western Sierra Nevada and the San Bernardino Mountains in California.[16]
Distribution and habitat
Eriophyllum lanatum is native to western North America. It is most common across California,[4] also growing north through Oregon into British Columbia and east through Idaho into Wyoming, and through Nevada into Utah.[4][17] This species has only been collected from Mexico once, on Guadalupe Island, and it is most likely extirpated there.[18]
It can be found (for instance in California) in chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and yellow pine forest and other conifer forests, grassland, and sagebrush scrub habitats.[4] It commonly grows in dry, open places[3] below 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) in elevation. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil, but it also grows on rocky slopes and bluffs.[7]
References
-
^ The Plant List, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J.Forbes
-
^ a b c d e f Tropicos, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes
-
^ a b c d e f g Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 373–374. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
-
^ a b c d e f University of California, Calflora taxon report: Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) James Forbes
-
^ a b Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd Ed. 2013, p. 116
-
^ a b Flora of North America, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes, 1833. Common woolly sunflower
-
^ a b Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 144. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
-
^ Pursh, Frederick Traugott (1813). A Systematic Arrangement and Description of The Plants of North America.
-
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. achilleoides
-
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum
-
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum
-
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum
-
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii
-
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium
-
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum
-
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum
-
^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
-
^ Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). San Diego Society of Natural History. 45: 58.
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Eriophyllum lanatum: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Eriophyllum lanatum, with the common names common woolly sunflower, Oregon sunshine and golden yarrow, is a common, widespread, North American plant in the family Asteraceae.
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