Retrolateral tibial apophysis (Rta)

Dictyna spider in web on lupine plant with fly prey

Figures 1–6.Copulatory organs of Selenops arikok sp. n. female holotype from Arikok National Park, Aruba (EME sel_068) 1–2 Selenops curazao Alayón-García male holotype from CarMaBI, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles (MCZ) 3–4 female paratype from Piscadera Baai building, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles (MCZ) 5–6, 1, 5 epigyne, ventral view 2, 6 spermathecae, dorsal view 3 male pedipalp, ventral view 4 male pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.40 mm (1–2), 0.30 mm (3–6). Abbreviations: S = septum, MF = median field, EP = epigynal pockets, FD = fertilization duct, SP = spermathecae, PF = posterodorsal fold, C = conductor, CY = cymbium, MA = median apophysis, E = embolus, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, VRTA = ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis, DRTA = dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis.

Figures 1–6.Amauropelma matakecil sp. n. 1 female habitus 2–6 habitus of female holotype (MZB.Aran.500) 1 Portrait of live specimen in natural habitat from Gua Nguwik, Central Java (Photo S. Harjanto) 2 Anterior view 3 Dorsal view 4 Ventral view showing labium, endites, and chelicerae 5 Ventral view showing sternum, coxae, and trochanters 6 Left pedipalpal, retrolateral view.

Figures 68–74.Males of Haplodrassus pseudosignifer (68–70 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus signifer (71–74 from Crimea): 68, 71 RTA, retrolateral view 69, 72 palp, ventral view 70, 73–74 bulbus, apical view.

Figures 35–43.Scanning electron microscope photographs of Cambalida dippenaarae sp. n. (35–39, 42), Cambalida compressa sp. n. (40), Cambalida deminuta (Simon, 1909) (41) and Cambalida loricifera (Simon, 1885) (43): 35 female, dorsal abdominal surface 36 dorsal abdominal sigillum and detail of plumose setae 37 female epigyne 38 thickened setae at dorsal distal end of male palpal cymbium 39 detail of modified setae 40–43 male emboli.

Figures 1–6.General habitus photographs of Copa flavoplumosa Simon, 1885 (1–4) and Copa kei sp. n. (5, 6): 1 female from Lesideng Research Camp, Botswana 2 female from Livingtone, Zambia 3 male and 4 female from Wildlives Game Farm, Zambia 5 female from Hogsback, South Africa 6 male from Cwebe Nature Reserve, South Africa.

Figures 1–6.Mallinella sphaerica sp. n., 1 male habitus, dorsal view 2 female habitus, dorsal view 3 male ocular area, frontal view 4 female, ocular area, frontal view 5 male, posterior ventral spines, ventral view 6 female, posterior ventral spines, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (1–2); 0.5 mm (3–4); 0.2 mm (5–6).

Figures 1–5.Sinopoda serrata (Wang, 1990), from Tiantangzhai National Forest Park (Hubei Province, China). 1 Left male palp, prolateral view 2 Left male palp, ventral view 3 Left male palp, retrolateral view 4 Epigyne, ventral view 5 Vulva, dorsal view. Scales = 0.2 mm. C conductor, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, FD fertilization duct, GA glandular appendage, LF lateral furrow, LL lateral lobes, LS lobal septum, MSu membranous sac unexpanded, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, PP posterior part of spermathecae, T tegulum.

Figures 1–5.General appearance of males of Cryptothele verrucosa (1–3) and Cryptothele alluaudi (4–5). 1, 4 dorsal 2 ventral 3, 5 frontal 4–5 after Marusik and Omelko (2012). Abbreviations: AL anterior lateral eye; AM anterior median eye; At anal tubercle, Sn spinneret.

Figures 1–4.Pseudopoda acuminata sp. n., Male (SP–SC–03–0050): 1–2 Body (1 dorsal 2 ventral) 3–4 Left palp (3 prolateral 4 ventral). Abbreviations: C conductor; dRTA dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis; E embolus; EP embolic projection; SD sperm duct; ST subtegulum; T tegulum; vRTA ventral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 2 mm (1–2); 0.5 mm (3–4).

Figures 1–8.Somatic characters of Eupoa lehtineni sp. n. 1–3 plumose scales on female carapace. 4 male carapace, frontal view 5 female carapace, frontal view 6 ditto, lateral view 7 female chelicerae, frontal view 8 female fang and cheliceral teeth. Scale bars: 10 μm (1–3), 50 μm (7–8), 0.1 mm (4–6).

Figure 1.Drawing of the Holotype of Eustiromastix guianae male palp (A prolateral view B ditto ventral view) MA: median apophysis, E: embolus. Scale 1 mm.

Figures 1–6.Holotype of Gnaphosa khovdensis sp. n. 1–3 male palp, ventral, retro and prolateral 4–5 bulbus, ventral and from above 6 habitus. Scale = 0.2 mm if not otherwise indicated. Be – base of embolus; Es – embolic spine; Ma – median apophysis.

Figures 1–11.Heser vijayanagara sp. n. 1 Male holotype, dorsal 2 Male holotype, ventral 3 Female allotype, dorsal 4 Female allotype, ventral 5 Male palp, prolateral 6 Male palp, ventral 7 Male palp, retrolateral 8 Epigyne, ventral 9 Pattabhirama temple in close vicinity of the locus typicus, giving a good impression of the type of terrain where the type specimens were found 10 Male leg spination diagram, legend below right 11 Female leg spination diagram. Scale bars: 1–4: 1.0; 5–8: 0.25.

Figures 15–22.Copulatory organs of Karaops monteithi sp. n., female holotype from Lankelly Creek, Coen District, North Queensland, Australia (QM S61052) (15–16), Karaops alanlongbottomi sp. n., male holotype from northwest tip of Degerando Island, Champagny Islands, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T93/1330) (17–18), Karaops keithlongbottomi sp. n., male holotype from Drysdale River Station, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T55002) (19–20), and Karaops larryoo sp. n. male holotype from north of Larryoo, Drysdale River National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T93/1333) (21–22). 15 epigyne, ventral view 16 spermathecae, dorsal view 17, 19, 21 male pedipalp, ventral view 18, 20, 22 male pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar: (15–16) 0.25 mm, (17–22)0.50 mm. Abbreviation: C = conductor.

Dictyna web on yarrow plant

Figures 177–182.Habitats and natural history of some Selenops species. 177 Selenops arikok sp. n. from Aruba guarding egg sac with several spiderlings inside 178 Selenops geraldinae Corronca eating a fly and guarding her egg sac on a bromeliad, Gaspar Grande Island, Trinidad and Tobago 179 Selenops willinki Corronca on a tree trunk, Little Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago. Terminal setal tufts and festoon pattern are visible 180 Selenops micropalpus Muma on the trunk of Bursera simaruba, in a dry forest, St. Lucia. Terminal setal tufts and festoon pattern are visible 181 Selenops mexicanus Keyserling on a large tree trunk outside of Cueva Actun Kan, Guatemala. Note the alternating light and dark leg annulations 182 Egg sacs of Selenops bifurcatus Banks on rocks in a wash in dry forest and thornscrub, Zacatan, Guatemala. Selenops bifurcatus sometimes guards the yellowish egg sacs, and other times does not.

Figures 7–12.Amauropelma matakecil sp. n., female holotype (MZB.Aran.500) 7 Epigynum, ventral view. Note that the right epigynal tooth has broken off leaving a round hole; the tooth itself is lying unattached near the epigastric furrow 8 Vulva, dorsal view, left side, cleared, white arrow indicates fertilization duct 9 Right tarsus, leg I, prolateral view 10 Left tarsus, leg I, dorsal view, arrow indicates tarsal organ 11 Spinnerets, anal tubercle, and tracheal spiracle, posterior view, arrow indicates tracheal spiracle 12 Spinnerets, lateral view. ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; AT, anal tubercle; CD, copulatory duct; ET, epigynal tooth; PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret; S, spermatheca.

Figures 75–78.Females of Haplodrassus pseudosignifer (75–76 from Crimea) and Haplodrassus signifer (77–78 from Crimea): 75, 77 epigyne, ventral view 76, 78 epigyne, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ah anterior hood; Gr groove of epigyne; Spspermatheca.

Figures 50–56.Digital microscope photographs of emboli of Afrotropical Cambalida species in ventral view: 50 Cambalida compressa sp. n. 51 Cambalida coriacea Simon, 1909 52 Cambalida deminuta (Simon, 1909) 53 Cambalida dippenaarae sp. n. 54 Cambalida fulvipes (Simon, 1896) 55 Cambalida griswoldi sp. n. 56 Cambalida loricifera (Simon, 1885). Scale bars = 0.1mm.

Figure 71.Distribution of Copa flavoplumosa Simon, 1885 in the Afrotropical Region.

Figures 12–15.Mallinella sphaerica sp. n., 12 epigyne, ventral view 13 vulva 14 left male palp, ventral view 15 same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (12–13); 0.5 mm (14–15).

Figure 17.Collection localities of Sinopoda serrata (Wang, 1990) in China.

Figures 6–12.Male palp of Cryptothele verrucosa (6–11) and Cryptothele alluaudi (12). 6 bulbus, ventral 7 bulbus, ventro-prolateral 8, 10 bulbus, retrolateral 9 bulbus, prolateral 11 palp with removed bulbus, retrolateral 12 palp, ventral (after Marusik and Omelko (2012)). Abbreviations: Co conductor; Ea terminal process of embolus; Eb embolus base; Em embolus; Ep posterior process of embolus; Sd seminal duct; Sp subtegular process; St subtegulum; Te triangle extesion of tegulum; Ts threads of subtegulum.