Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Juveniles are found in shallow coral rubble, adults in isolated coral heads of lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of 82 m. Feed mainly on sand-dwelling fishes and crustaceans, sometimes on octopuses (Ref. 5222).
- Recorder
- Drina Sta. Iglesia
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Brown spots evenly distributed and packed into hexagonal shapes only on adults which are generally larger (>25 to 45 cm); front portion of spinous dorsal fin about 50% taller than on other species at all sizes (Ref. 37816); small juveniles black with white blotches, becoming more spotted with age (Ref. 48635); further characterized by having ctenoid scales on body; auxiliary scales on body; greatest depth of body 2.7-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.0 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.4-2.6 times in SL; flat to slightly convex interorbital area, convex dorsal head profile; preopercle with shallow indentation just above the enlarged serrae at angle; straight or slightly convex upper edge of operculum, posterior and anterior nostrils subequal; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of eye, ventral edge with blunt hook-like process distally in fish larger than 35 cm SL; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Juveniles are found in shallow coral rubble, adults in isolated coral heads of lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of 82 m. Feeds mainly on sand-dwelling fishes and crustaceans, sometimes on octopuses. In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). May be ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 37816). Solitary, often seen on open sand and base of reefs (Ref 90102).
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: public aquariums; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於印度-太平洋區，包括可可斯-基林群島至印尼，南中國海至薩摩亞，北至日本南部，南至羅得豪群島。台灣南部、西部、東北部及澎湖海域有產。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
具經濟性之食用魚，或用於水族館展示。一般漁法以延繩網及一支釣捕獲。清蒸食用佳。因食物鰱之故，可能含有熱帶海魚毒。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體長橢圓形，側扁而粗壯，標準體長為體高之2.8-3.1倍。頭背部弧形；眶間區平坦或略凸。眼小，短於吻長。口大；上下頜前端具小犬齒或無，兩側齒細尖，下頜約2列。鰓耙數8-10+15-17。前鰓蓋骨後緣具鋸齒，下緣光滑。鰓蓋骨後緣具3扁棘。體被細小櫛鱗；側線鱗孔數49-52；縱列鱗數102-120。背鰭鰭棘部與軟條部相連，無缺刻，具硬棘XI，軟條12-14；臀鰭硬棘III枚，軟條8；腹鰭腹位，末端延伸不及肛門開口；胸鰭圓形，中央之鰭條長於上下方之鰭條，且長於腹鰭，但短於後眼眶長；尾鰭圓形。幼魚體呈黃褐色，具有許多黑色斑點及斑駁以及白色斑塊及斑點。成魚頭部、體側及各鰭淡褐色，滿佈許多緊密相連之六角形暗褐色斑點；體背側另具2個大型區域的黑色斑塊，此黑色斑塊前方，各具白色區域。背鰭硬棘部尖端黃色。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
幼魚棲息於淺的珊瑚石礫區水域，成魚則棲息於潟湖區的珊瑚礁頭及深達100公尺以內向海的礁區。以魚類、甲殼類及軟體動物為食。
Epinephelus maculatus
(
Catalan; Valencian
)
provided by wikipedia CA
Epinephelus maculatus és una espècie de peix de la família dels serrànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Morfologia
Els mascles poden assolir els 60,5 cm de longitud total.[3]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba al Pacífic.[3]
Referències
-
↑ Bloch M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 7. i-xiv + 1-144.
-
↑ BioLib
-
↑ 3,0 3,1 FishBase (anglès)
Bibliografia
- Bloch, M. E. 1790. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische. v. 4: i-xii + 1-128, Pls. 217-252.
- Heemstra, P.C. i Randall, J.E., 1993, Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 16., FAO Fish. Synop. Núm. 125, 125:I-viii, 1-382.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall (2000).
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
Enllaços externs
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Epinephelus maculatus 
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Epinephelus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Catalan; Valencian
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provided by wikipedia CA
Epinephelus maculatus és una espècie de peix de la família dels serrànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
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Epinephelus maculatus
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Nan
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provided by wikipedia emerging languages
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Epinephelus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Nan
)
provided by wikipedia emerging languages
Epinephelus maculatus sī Serranidae-kho ê hî-á, sī chi̍t chéng chio̍h-pan.
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Epinephelus maculatus
provided by wikipedia EN
Epinephelus maculatus, the highfin grouper, blackfin cod or brown-spotted rock-cod, marbled rock-cod or spotted grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
Description
Epinephelus maculatus has a body with a standard length which is 2.8 to 3.1 times its depth. The dorsal profile of the head is convex and the area between the eyes is either flat or marginally convex. The preopercle has a notch above the angle where there are enlarged serrations.[3] The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 15-17 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays.[2] The dorsal fin is highest in its anterior spiny part[4] and membranes between the spines are slightly indented. in adults and rounded in juveniles. The caudal fin is convex or rounded.[3] The head and body are covered with regularly spaced brown spots which group into hexagonal shapes on adults of lengths between 25 and 45 centimetres (9.8 and 17.7 in). The juveniles are initially black with blotched with white and as they grow they develops their spots.[5] This species has a maximum published total length of 60.5 centimetres (23.8 in).[2]
Distribution
Epinephelus maculatus is occurs in the eastern Indian Ocean and Western Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands east to Micronesia and Samoa, south to Australia and north to the Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands of Japan.[1] In Australia is it found around the offshore reefs of Western Australia, the Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea and Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea as well as along the eastern coast from the northern Great Barrier Reef of Queensland south as far as Sydney.[5]
Habitat and biology
Epinephelus maculatus is found on coastal and offshore coral and rocky reefs at depths from 2 to 100 metres (6.6 to 328.1 ft), frequently occurring over open sand near the base of these reefs. The juveniles have been recorded from shallow coral rubble. It is a predatory species which preys mainly on small fish, crabs and octopuses. They have been observed moving between reefs and undertaking journeys of at least 5 to 10 kilometres (3.1 to 6.2 mi). Compared with other groupers this is a species which has a fast growth rate and a high population turnover rate. They have been recorded living as long as 13 years, females mature at 2,8 years old while males are mature at 4 years old. They may for spawning aggregations,[1] otherwise solitary.[2]
Taxonomy
Epinephelus maculatus was first formally described as Holocentrus maculatus in 1790 by the German medical doctor and naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799) with the type locality given as the "East Indies".[6] This species is one of a group of related members of the genus Epinephelus known as "reticulated coral groupers" along with E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. melanostigma, E. merra, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps. These species have frequently been mistaken for each other and as a result many specimens in museums have been misidentified.[3]
Utilisation
Epinephelus maculatus is mainly taken by subsistence and artisanal fisheries and is not normally regarded as being as valuable as other species of grouper. It does appear in the Hong Kong live food market.[1] In Indonesia it is caught using hook and line, spears and traps.[4] In some regions the flesh may be toxic due to the presence ciguatoxins.[2]
References
-
^ a b c d Rhodes, K.; Sadovy, Y. (2018). "Epinephelus maculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T132723A100550757. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132723A100550757.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
-
^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Epiphenelus maculatus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
-
^ a b c Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. pp. 181–182. ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
-
^ a b "Highfin Grouper". fishIDER. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
-
^ a b Bray, D.J. (2020). "Epinephelus maculatus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
-
^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Holocentrus maculatus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
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Epinephelus maculatus: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Epinephelus maculatus, the highfin grouper, blackfin cod or brown-spotted rock-cod, marbled rock-cod or spotted grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
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Epinephelus maculatus
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Epinephelus maculatus es una especie de peces de la familia Serranidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Morfología
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 60,5 cm de longitud total.[2]
Distribución geográfica
Se encuentra en el Pacífico.
Referencias
Bibliografía
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, 1997.
- Hoese, D.F. 1986. A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
- Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Epinephelus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Epinephelus maculatus es una especie de peces de la familia Serranidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Epinephelus maculatus
(
Basque
)
provided by wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Epinephelus maculatus: Brief Summary
(
Basque
)
provided by wikipedia EU
Epinephelus maculatus Epinephelus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Epinephelus maculatus
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Epinephelus maculatus
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花点石斑鱼
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
花点石斑鱼: Brief Summary
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
花点石斑鱼（学名：Epinephelus maculatus）为輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鮨科石斑鱼属的鱼类。分布于印度、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、日本以及中国南海、台湾恒春等海域，棲息深度2-100公尺，體長可達60.5公分，稚魚生活在水淺的珊瑚碎石區，成魚生活在臨海礁石、珊瑚礁，屬肉食性，以甲殼類、魚類等為食，可做為食用魚、觀賞魚，有雪卡魚毒的報告。该物种的模式产地在东南亚。
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