Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
This species is distinguished by the following characters: gill rakers 26-29; small juveniles dark brown, green on snout and interorbital, with a slightly oblique white bar from front of dorsal fin to abdomen, and 2 narrow pale yellowish bars below soft portion of dorsal fin that fade ventrally; larger juveniles have a white bar from origin of dorsal fin, passing beneath pectoral fin onto abdomen; head and body anterior to bar greyish green, posterior to bar black; posterior caudal peduncle and caudal fin yellow, often with 1 or 2 small black spots centrally near base: small females with body posterior to a curving demarcation between origins of dorsal and anal fins blackish with a narrow dark greenish bar on each scale, grading to yellow with blue-green spots posteriorly on caudal peduncle and fin; large females dark green posterior to oblique demarcation on body, the scales rimmed in black, with a vertical green line or spot on each scale; head and anterior body light green dorsally, pale blue-green ventrally, have irregular bands on snout and above eye, and a large complex marking behind eye; body of males posterior to demarcation dark green, each scale with narrow pale blue-green and black posterior margin; head green dorsally with irregular green to blue-green bands, including a blue ring around eye; cheek and operculum pinkish white with irregular light blue lines and spots, except for a large yellowish green blotch centrally on cheek without markings; lips and ventral part of head mainly pale blue; chest and abdomen pinkish white with a light blue spot or arc on scales (Ref. 93095).
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Benedenia Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
Oviparous, with distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 11; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 11
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Occur inshore (Ref. 75154). Found in subtidal reef flats and lagoon and seaward reefs. Juveniles found among branching corals while adults found in areas of mixed sand, rubble, and coral (Ref. 9710). Feed mainly on small invertebrates, especially crustaceans, polychaete worms, molluscs and brittle stars (Ref. 9823). Diet changing from primarily demersal planktonic crustaceans to hard-shelled invertebrates with growth (Ref. 37816).
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Found in subtidal reef flats and lagoon and seaward reefs. Juveniles occur inshore, found among branching corals while adults found in areas of mixed sand, rubble, and coral (Ref. 9710). Large adults in deeper water (Ref. 48636). Maximum length beyond 45 cm TL is unlikely, with largest measured individual at 37 cm TL (Ref, Feeds mainly on small invertebrates, especially crustaceans, polychaete worms, mollusks and brittle stars (Ref. 9823). Diet changing from primarily demersal planktonic crustaceans to hard-shelled invertebrates with growth (Ref. 37816).
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於印度-太平洋區，由紅海及東非到玻里尼西亞，北至日本琉球與台灣海域，南至大堡礁等。台灣各地海域皆有分布。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
中大型之隆頭魚，體色鮮豔，是適合水族觀賞的魚類。可食用，清蒸、紅燒皆宜。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體長橢圓形，側扁；頭中大；眼中大。吻長，突出；唇厚，上唇內側具縐褶，下唇中央具溝，分成兩葉；上下頜各具一列錐狀齒，前端具一對犬齒。前鰓蓋骨緣平滑；左右鰓膜癒合，與峽部相連。體被大圓鱗，頸部與胸部被較小鱗；側線完全。D.
IX, 10-11；A. III, 11；L.l.
27-28；背鰭連續；腹鰭第一棘延長；尾鰭稍圓形或截形。體前部為淡色，而自背鰭起點至臀鰭起點連線之後部為黑色，且每一鱗片具一藍或藍綠紋；頭淺灰黃色，眼周圍具輻射狀黑紅帶，眼後具一黑斑。幼魚自背鰭前方至腹部前方有一白色帶；頭與體前部淺灰色；尾鰭與尾柄淺黃色。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
主要棲息於水深1-30公尺的珊瑚礁區，特別是亞潮帶的珊瑚平台、被珊瑚礁包圍的礁湖及向海礁坡上的珊瑚或岩石塊與砂地的混合區，這些區域茂盛的枝椏珊瑚，提供了隱密的躲藏所及豐富的食物。它們利用肥厚的嘴唇撞開沙泥質底地，以小蝦、軟體動物、海星，以及多毛類之蠕蟲等為食。
Hemigymnus melapterus
provided by wikipedia EN
The blackeye thicklip wrasse or half-and-half wrasse (Hemigymnus melapterus) is a species of fish belonging to the wrasse family. It is native to the Indo-Pacific.
Description
The Half-and-half wrasse is a medium-sized fish that can reach a maximum length of 50 cm.
Its body is high, relatively flattened, its head is large and its terminal mouth has thick lips. Its body coloration varies according to age. Juvenile wrasse have a greenish yellow background color with yellow vertical lines, a broad white diagonal band just behind the operculum, an orange caudal fin and a greenish gray front. Mature females are green behind the oblique line, with black-rimmed scales. A complex tangle of pink lines underlined with turquoise crosses from the top of the snout to the head. Mature males (terminal phase - see below) also have an emerald green stripe behind each scale and a blue rim around the eye; the top of the snout and head are green with pink patterns highlighted in turquoise.[3][4]
Distribution & habitat
The species is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific, from the eastern coast of Africa including the Red Sea to Polynesia, and from New Caledonia to southern Japan.[1][5][6] It prefers areas of coral, coral rubble and sand, outer reef slopes and drop-offs, to depths of at least 40 m.[1] Juveniles are more secretive and always keep hidden in branching corals.[5]
Biology
The Half-and-half wrasse lives solitary or in small groups. It is a benthic predator that feeds mainly on small marine invertebrates such as crustaceans, molluscs, worms and echinoderms captured on or in the substrate.[6] In addition to picking food off coral branches, it may take in mouthfuls of sand, sorting out food items in the mouth and then expelling the sand through the gill operculae.[1] Like most wrasse, it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals start life as females with the capability of turning male later on.[6]
Conservation status
The species is targeted but not thought to be threatened by the aquarium trade, and is being sought as a food fish and by spear fishers. It is present in several large preotected areas, and currently listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN.[1]
References
-
^ a b c d e Shea, S.; Liu, M.; Sadovy, Y.; Craig, M.T.; Rocha, L.A. (2010). "Hemigymnus melapterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T187476A8545602. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T187476A8545602.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Hemigymnus melapterus" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
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^ Kuiter, Rudie (2014). Fishes of the Maldives. Atoll Editions. ISBN 9781876410254.
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^ Kuiter, Rudie (2010). Labridae fishes: wrasses. Aquatic Photographics.
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^ a b Lieske, E.; Myers, R. (2009). Coral reef fishes. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691089959.
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^ a b c Westneat, M.W. (2001). "Labridae. Wrasses, hogfishes, razorfishes, corises, tuskfishes". In K.E. Carpenter; V. Niem (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. Rome: FAO. pp. 3381–3467.
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Hemigymnus melapterus: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The blackeye thicklip wrasse or half-and-half wrasse (Hemigymnus melapterus) is a species of fish belonging to the wrasse family. It is native to the Indo-Pacific.
- license
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- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Description
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Found in subtidal reef flats and lagoon and seaward reefs up to at least 30 m deep (Ref. 1602). Feeds mainly on small invertebrates, especially crustaceans, polychaete worms, molluscs and brittle stars (Ref. 9823).
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).
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