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Puma (genus) ( Afrikaans )

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Die Pumas (Puma) is 'n roofdiergenus uit die Felidae-familie. Vanweë hul relatief klein liggaamsbou, behoort hulle aan die subfamilie van die kleiner katte. In hierdie genus, wat ook die Ou Wêreldse fossiele insluit, soos Puma pardoides uit die Eurasiese Pleistoseentydperk,[1][2] bestaan daar twee spesies:

Die jaguarandi is voorheen onder Herpailurus geklassifiseer. Omrede molekulêre genetiese studies 'n noue verwantskap tussen hierdie twee katspesies bevind het, word alle nuwe klassifikasies onder Puma, as 'n gemeenskaplike genus, ingedeel.

Die pelse van hierdie diere is kort en dik en wissel gewoonlik tussen 'n geel-grys of rooierige kleur; groot verskille word onder die volwasse diere van hierdie twee katsoorte waargeneem. Beide spesies is inheems aan die Amerikas.

DNS-navorsing het bevind dat die hierdie genus die naaste aan die jagluiperd verwant is. As gevolg van die jagluiperd se eie, kenmerkende gelaatstrekke, wat eie aan die Acinonychinae -subfamilie is, sal 'n indeling saam met die poema en jaguarandi ongeldig wees.

Verwysings

  1. Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an "Panthera" schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 122, 324–336.
  2. Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian (Upper Pliocene) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 233, 197–233.
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Puma (genus): Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Pumas (Puma) is 'n roofdiergenus uit die Felidae-familie. Vanweë hul relatief klein liggaamsbou, behoort hulle aan die subfamilie van die kleiner katte. In hierdie genus, wat ook die Ou Wêreldse fossiele insluit, soos Puma pardoides uit die Eurasiese Pleistoseentydperk, bestaan daar twee spesies:

Puma concolor(Linnaeus, 1771) – die Poema Puma yagouaroundi(Geoffroy, 1803) – die Jaguarandi

Die jaguarandi is voorheen onder Herpailurus geklassifiseer. Omrede molekulêre genetiese studies 'n noue verwantskap tussen hierdie twee katspesies bevind het, word alle nuwe klassifikasies onder Puma, as 'n gemeenskaplike genus, ingedeel.

Die pelse van hierdie diere is kort en dik en wissel gewoonlik tussen 'n geel-grys of rooierige kleur; groot verskille word onder die volwasse diere van hierdie twee katsoorte waargeneem. Beide spesies is inheems aan die Amerikas.

DNS-navorsing het bevind dat die hierdie genus die naaste aan die jagluiperd verwant is. As gevolg van die jagluiperd se eie, kenmerkende gelaatstrekke, wat eie aan die Acinonychinae -subfamilie is, sal 'n indeling saam met die poema en jaguarandi ongeldig wees.

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Puma (cins) ( Azerbaijani )

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Puma (lat. Puma) - pişiklər fəsiləsinə aid yırtıcı heyvan cinsi. Cinsə iki növ daxildir:

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Puma (genad) ( Breton )

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Puma zo ur genad e rummatadur ar bronneged.

2 spesad kazheged eus Amerika zo ennañ :

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Puma (gènere) ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Puma és un gènere de fèlids que conté el puma i el jaguarundi. Possiblement també conté algunes espècies fòssils poc conegudes del Vell Món, com per exemple Puma pardoides, que visqué a Euràsia durant el Plistocè.[1][2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Puma Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an "Panthera" schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 122, 324–336. (alemany)
  2. Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian (Upper Pliocene) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 233, 197–233. (anglès)
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Puma (gènere): Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Puma és un gènere de fèlids que conté el puma i el jaguarundi. Possiblement també conté algunes espècies fòssils poc conegudes del Vell Món, com per exemple Puma pardoides, que visqué a Euràsia durant el Plistocè.

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Puma (rod) ( Czech )

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Puma (Puma) je rod novosvětských kočkovitých šelem. Dříve do něj byla řazena pouze puma americká, dnes zahrnuje i jaguarundiho. Nejbližšími žijící příbuznými jsou gepardi, ještě bližší příbuzenské vztahy pak pumy mají s vymřelými americkými gepardy rodu Miracinonyx. Puma se živí podobně jako ostatní kočky. Na kořist číhá buďto na stromech nebo na skalách.

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Puma (rod): Brief Summary ( Czech )

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Puma (Puma) je rod novosvětských kočkovitých šelem. Dříve do něj byla řazena pouze puma americká, dnes zahrnuje i jaguarundiho. Nejbližšími žijící příbuznými jsou gepardi, ještě bližší příbuzenské vztahy pak pumy mají s vymřelými americkými gepardy rodu Miracinonyx. Puma se živí podobně jako ostatní kočky. Na kořist číhá buďto na stromech nebo na skalách.

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Pumas ( German )

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Die Pumas (Puma) sind eine Raubtiergattung aus der Familie der Katzen (Felidae), die beide auf dem amerikanischen Doppelkontinent leben. In ihr werden zwei lebende Arten zusammengefasst: der Puma (Puma concolor) und der Jaguarundi oder Wieselkatze (Puma yaguarondi).

Merkmale

Das Fell dieser Tiere ist kurz und dicht und meist gelbgrau oder rötlich gefärbt, erwachsene Tiere sind im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Katzenarten nicht gefleckt.

Verbreitung

Beide Arten der Gattung kommen auf dem amerikanischen Doppelkontinent vor. Der Puma ist dabei sowohl in Nord- wie auch in Mittel- und Südamerika beheimatet, sein Verbreitungsgebiet zieht sich vom westlichen Kanada über die gesamten westlichen Vereinigten Staaten und Mexiko und Mittelamerika bis in den äußersten Süden von Südamerika.[1] Der Jaguarundi kommt in Nordamerika nur in Teilen von Mexiko und eventuell im äußersten Süden von Texas vor, ansonsten ist er vor allem in den tropischen Regionen Mittel- und Südamerikas verbreitet.[1]

Systematik

Die Gattung gehört zur Unterfamilie der Kleinkatzen, wiewohl der Puma durchaus die Ausmaße einiger Großkatzen übertrifft. DNA-Untersuchungen haben überdies ergeben, dass der nächste lebende Verwandte dieser Gattung der Gepard ist.[2][3] Aufgrund seines eigentümlichen Körperbaus wurde dieser in einer eigenen Unterfamilie Acinonychinae innerhalb der Katzen geführt – eine Einteilung, die nach Klärung der nahen Verwandtschaft zu den Pumas nicht mehr aufrechterhalten werden kann.

Eine ausgestorbene Art der Gattung ist mit Puma pardoides aus dem frühen Pleistozän Eurasiens bekannt und in der im Jahr 2017 veröffentlichten jüngsten Revision der Katzensystematik wurden auch die zwei Arten der Amerikanischen Geparde (vorher Miracinonyx) in die Gattung Puma gestellt.[4]

Der Jaguarundi wurde früher in einer eigenen Gattung, Herpailurus, eingeordnet. Aufgrund molekulargenetischer Untersuchungen wurde aber eine enge Verwandtschaft dieser zwei Arten festgestellt, sodass jüngere Systematiken sie in einer gemeinsamen Gattung zusammenfassen.

Kleinkatzen






Manul (Otocolobus manul)


Altkatzen (Prionailurus)



Echte Katzen (Felis)




Gepard (Acinonyx jubatus)


Pumas (Puma)




Luchse (Lynx)



Pardelkatzen (Leopardus)




Caracal


Serval (Leptailurus serval)





Asiatische Goldkatzen (Catopuma)


Marmorkatze (Pardofelis marmorata)




Vorlage:Klade/Wartung/Style

Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Kleinkatzen nach O’Brien & Johnson 2008.[5]

Literatur

  • „Genus Puma“. In: M.E. Sunquist, F.C. Sunquist: Family Felidae (Cats) In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier (Hrsg.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 1: Carnivores. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2009, ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1, S. 156–158.
  • D. E. Wilson und D. M. Reeder: Mammal Species of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b „Genus Puma“. In: M.E. Sunquist, F.C. Sunquist: Family Felidae (Cats) In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier (Hrsg.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 1: Carnivores. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2009, ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1, S. 156–158.
  2. M. Culver, Johnson, W.E., Pecon-Slattery, J., O'Brein, S.J.: Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma. In: Oxford University Press (Hrsg.): Journal of Heredity. 91, Nr. 3, 2000, S. 186–97.
  3. Warren E. Johnson, Eduardo Eizirik, Jill Pecon-Slattery, William J. Murphy, Agostinho Antunes, Emma Teeling, Stephen J. O’Brien: The Late Miocene Radiation of Modern Felidae: A Genetic Assessment. Science Vol. 311 (2006), S. 73–77.
  4. Kitchener A. C., Breitenmoser-Würsten Ch., Eizirik E., Gentry A., Werdelin L., Wilting A., Yamaguchi N., Abramov A. V., Christiansen P., Driscoll C., Duckworth J. W., Johnson W., Luo S.-J., Meijaard E., O’Donoghue P., Sanderson J., Seymour K., Bruford M., Groves C., Hoffmann M., Nowell K., Timmons Z. & Tobe S. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN/ SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11, 80 pp. Seite 7.
  5. Stephen J. O’Brien, Warren E. Johnson: Der neue Stammbaum der Katzen. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 6/2008, S. 54–61.
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Pumas: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Pumas (Puma) sind eine Raubtiergattung aus der Familie der Katzen (Felidae), die beide auf dem amerikanischen Doppelkontinent leben. In ihr werden zwei lebende Arten zusammengefasst: der Puma (Puma concolor) und der Jaguarundi oder Wieselkatze (Puma yaguarondi).

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Puma (cins) ( Kurdish )

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Puma yan pûma, cinseke pisîkên mezin ên kûvî guhandar û goştxur e, ji binfamîleya Felinae ji famîleya pisîkan (Felidae) ye ku jê kûgar û kûgarê jagourûndî li parzemînên başûrê Amerîkayê û Amerîka Navîn dijîn.

Cure

Çavkanî

Ev gotar ji agahiyên naveroka gotara wekhev a li ser Wîkîpediyaya îngilîzî pêk tê.

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Puma (cins): Brief Summary ( Kurdish )

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Puma yan pûma, cinseke pisîkên mezin ên kûvî guhandar û goştxur e, ji binfamîleya Felinae ji famîleya pisîkan (Felidae) ye ku jê kûgar û kûgarê jagourûndî li parzemînên başûrê Amerîkayê û Amerîka Navîn dijîn.

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Puma (genere) ( Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association) )

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Le puma (Puma) es un genere de felinos.

Nota
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Puma (genus) ( Scots )

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Puma is a genus in Felidae that contains the cougar (an aa kent as the puma, amang ither names) an the jaguarundi, an mey an aa include several puirly kent Auld Warld fossil representatives (for example, Puma pardoides, or "Owen's panther," a lairge cougar-like cat o Eurasie's Pleistocene).[2][3]

Species

References

  1. Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 544–545. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an "Panthera" schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 122, 324–336.
  3. Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian (Upper Pliocene) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 233, 197–233.

Freemit airtins

  •  src= Media relatit tae Puma at Wikimedia Commons
  •  src= Data relatit tae Puma at Wikispecies
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Puma (genus): Brief Summary ( Scots )

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Puma is a genus in Felidae that contains the cougar (an aa kent as the puma, amang ither names) an the jaguarundi, an mey an aa include several puirly kent Auld Warld fossil representatives (for example, Puma pardoides, or "Owen's panther," a lairge cougar-like cat o Eurasie's Pleistocene).

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Puumas ( North Frisian )

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Amrum.pngTekst üüb Öömrang

A Puumas (Puma) san en skööl faan letj kaater (Felinae). Diar hiar tau slacher tu. Likes dat's tu a "letj kaater" hiar, as di puuma dach temelk grat, knaap tau meeter. Puumas lewe uun Ameerikoo. Di nööm komt faan't Ketschua uf.

Slacher

  • Puuma (Puma concolor)
    muar üs 30 onerslacher
  • Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi)
    aacht onerslacher
  • Puma pardoides (†)

Bilen

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Puumas: Brief Summary ( North Frisian )

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A Puumas (Puma) san en skööl faan letj kaater (Felinae). Diar hiar tau slacher tu. Likes dat's tu a "letj kaater" hiar, as di puuma dach temelk grat, knaap tau meeter. Puumas lewe uun Ameerikoo. Di nööm komt faan't Ketschua uf.

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Пума (урлык) ( Meadow Mari )

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Пума (лат. Puma ) – Америкын пырыс-влак (Felidae) йамагатын гыч кугу янлык. Чылаже 2 еш куэ уло.

Тӱрлык-влак

  1. Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)Пума
  2. Puma yagouaroundi (Geoffroy, 1803)Ягуарунди
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Пума (урлык): Brief Summary ( Meadow Mari )

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Пума (лат. Puma ) – Америкын пырыс-влак (Felidae) йамагатын гыч кугу янлык. Чылаже 2 еш куэ уло.

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Пуми ( Macedonian )

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Пуми (латPuma) се род на цицачи од фамилијата Felidae. Овој род се состои од два ќиви и два изумрени видови. Претходно Puma yagouaroundi застана во посебен род, Herpailurus, но молекуларно-генетски истражувања покажаа тесна врска помеѓу овие два вида, и модерен систематика да ги вклучат во едно фамилија. Друг резултат на ДНК студии е дека на најблиските роднини на модерната пум е гепард. Современите типи на родот пум живеат во Северна и Јужна Америка и имаат монотоно боја. Puma pardoides живеел во Евроазија и Африка.

Типови

Извори

  • Stephen J. O'Brien and Warren E. Johnson (2007) The Evolution of Cats.
  • Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004) The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian (Upper Pliocene) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance
  • Pumas of South Africa, cheetahs of France, jaguars of England
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Пуми: Brief Summary ( Macedonian )

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Пуми (латPuma) се род на цицачи од фамилијата Felidae. Овој род се состои од два ќиви и два изумрени видови. Претходно Puma yagouaroundi застана во посебен род, Herpailurus, но молекуларно-генетски истражувања покажаа тесна врска помеѓу овие два вида, и модерен систематика да ги вклучат во едно фамилија. Друг резултат на ДНК студии е дека на најблиските роднини на модерната пум е гепард. Современите типи на родот пум живеат во Северна и Јужна Америка и имаат монотоно боја. Puma pardoides живеел во Евроазија и Африка.

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Puma (genus)

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Puma (/ˈpjmə/ or /ˈpmə/) is a genus in the family Felidae whose only extant species is the cougar (also known as the puma, mountain lion, and panther,[2] among other names), and may also include several poorly known Old World fossil representatives (for example, Puma pardoides, or Owen's panther, a large, cougar-like cat of Eurasia's Pliocene).[3][4] In addition to these potential Old World fossils, a few New World fossil representatives are possible, such as Puma pumoides[5] and the two species of the so-called "American cheetah", currently classified under the genus Miracinonyx.[6]

Description

Pumas are large, secretive cats. They are also commonly known as cougars and mountain lions, and are able to reach larger sizes than some other "big" cat individuals. Despite their large size, they are more closely related to smaller feline species than to lions or leopards. The seven subspecies of pumas all have similar characteristics but tend to vary in color and size. Pumas are the most adaptable felines in the Americas and are found in a variety of different habitats, unlike other cat species.[7]

Extant species

Distribution and habitat

Members of the genus Puma are primarily found in the mountains of North and South America, where a majority of individuals can be found in rocky crags and pastures lower than the slopes grazing herbivores inhabit. Though they choose to inhabit those areas, they are highly adaptive and can be found in a large variety of habitats, including forests, tropical jungle, grasslands, and even arid desert regions. With the expansion of human settlements and land clearance, the cats are being pushed into smaller, more hostile areas. However, their high adaptability will likely allow them to avoid disappearing from the wild forever.[7]

Anatomy and appearance

Subspecies of the genus Puma include cats that are the fourth-largest in the cat family. Adult males can reach around 7.9 feet (2.4 m) from nose to tip of tail, and a body weight typically between 115 and 220 pounds (52 and 100 kg). Females can reach around 6.7 feet (2.0 m) from nose to tail, and a body weight between 64 and 141 pounds (29 and 64 kg). They also have tails ranging from 25 to 37 inches (0.6 to 0.9 m) long. The heads of these cats are round, with erect ears. They have powerful forequarters, necks, and jaws which help grasp and hold prey. They have four retractable claws on their fore paws, and also their hind paws.

The majority of pumas are found in more mountainous regions, so they have a thick fur coat to help retain body heat during freezing winters. Depending on subspecies and the location of their habitat, the puma's fur varies in color from brown-yellow to grey-red. Individuals that live in colder climates have coats that are more grey than individuals living in warmer climates with a more red color to their coat. Pumas are incredibly strong and fast predators with long bodies and powerful short legs. The hindlimbs are larger and stronger than the forelimbs, enabling them to be great leapers. They are able to leap as high as 18 feet (5 m) into the air and as far as 40 to 45 feet (12 to 14 m) horizontally. They can reach speeds of up to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h), as they are adapted to perform powerful sprints in order to catch their prey.[7]

Behavior and lifestyle

Members of the genus live solitarily, with the exception of the time cubs spend with their mothers. Individuals cover a large home range searching for food, covering a distance around 80 mi2 during the summers and 40 mi2 during the winters. They are able to hunt at night just as effectively as they can during the day. Members of the genus are also known to make a variety of different sounds, particularly used when warning another individual away from their territory or during the mating season when looking for a mate.[7]

A study released in 2017 suggests that pumas have a secret social life only recently captured on film. They were seen sharing their food kills with other nearby pumas. They share many social patterns with more gregarious species such as chimpanzees.[8]

Diet

Members of this genus are large and powerful carnivores. The majority of their diet includes small animals such as rodents, birds, fish, and rabbits. Larger individuals are able to catch larger prey such as bighorn sheep, deer, guanaco, mountain goats, raccoons, and coati. They occasionally take livestock in areas with high populations of them.[7]

Reproduction and life cycles

Breeding season normally occurs between December and March, with a three-month (91 days) gestation period resulting in a litter size up to six kittens. After mating, male and female part ways; the male continues on to mate with other females for the duration of the mating season, while the female cares for the kittens on her own. Like most other felines, kittens are born blind and remain completely helpless for about 2 weeks until their eyes open. Kittens are born with spots and eventually lose all of them as they reach adulthood. The spots allow the kittens to hide better from predators. Kittens are able to eat solid food when they reach 2–3 months of age, and remain with their mother for about a year. The life expectancy of individuals in the wild averages 12 years, but can reach up to 25 years in captivity.[7]

Conservation

Although they have been pushed into smaller habitats by human settlement expansion, members of the genus have been designated least-concern species by the IUCN, indicating low risk of becoming extinct in their natural environments in the near future. This is due to their high adaptiveness to changing habitat conditions. In fact, many feel the pumas' ability to adapt to different environments explains their current numbers.[7] However, in many large metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles, California, pumas' habitats have been fragmented by urban development and massive freeways. These barriers have made it nearly impossible for populations of mountain lions in specific areas of mountain ranges to reach one another to breed and increase genetic diversity. While a populations remains, the number of kittens that are inbred is rising every year. This poses a threat to these already-reduced communities of mountain lions that are forced to quickly adapt to shrinking habitats and increased run-ins with humans. Many researchers from the National Park Service are using their findings to propose ideas to cities like Los Angeles, which harbors large populations of urban wildlife, to increase conservation efforts in areas on both sides of freeways, and begin the process of building land bridges for wildlife to safely cross freeways.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 544–545. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ California wildlife get their own highway crossing http://www.npr.org/transcripts/1095750186
  3. ^ Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an "Panthera" schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 122, 324–336.
  4. ^ Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian (Upper Pliocene) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 233, 197–233.
  5. ^ Chimento, Nicolas Roberto, Maria Rosa Derguy, and Helmut Hemmer. "Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides (Castellanos, 1958)(Mammalia, Felidae) del Plioceno de Argentina." Serie Correlación Geológica 30.2 (2015).
  6. ^ Barnett, Ross, et al. "Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat." Current Biology 15.15 (2005): R589-R590.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "Puma (Felis concolor)". Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  8. ^ Palmieri, Tim (2017-10-12). "The Secret Social Live of a Solitary Puma". Scientific American. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  9. ^ Ernest, Holly B.; Wayne, Robert K.; Dalbeck, Lisa; Sikich, Jeffrey A.; Pollinger, John P.; Serieys, Laurel E. K.; Riley, Seth P. D. (2014-09-08). "Individual Behaviors Dominate the Dynamics of an Urban Mountain Lion Population Isolated by Roads". Current Biology. 24 (17): 1989–1994. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.07.029. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 25131676.

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Puma (genus): Brief Summary

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Puma (/ˈpjuːmə/ or /ˈpuːmə/) is a genus in the family Felidae whose only extant species is the cougar (also known as the puma, mountain lion, and panther, among other names), and may also include several poorly known Old World fossil representatives (for example, Puma pardoides, or Owen's panther, a large, cougar-like cat of Eurasia's Pliocene). In addition to these potential Old World fossils, a few New World fossil representatives are possible, such as Puma pumoides and the two species of the so-called "American cheetah", currently classified under the genus Miracinonyx.

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Puma (género) ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Puma es un género de mamíferos carnívoros de la familia de los félidos nativo de América, que incluye el puma y el jaguarundí.

Especies

El género Puma incluye una especie viviente,[1]​ y varias fósiles:

  1. Nota: El yaguarundí fue reasignado al género Herpailurus en 2017.[2]

Referencias

  1. Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. (2005). «Puma». Mammal Species of the World (en inglés) (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
  2. Kitchener, A.C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N. (2017). «A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group». Cat News. Special Issue 11.
  3. Chimento, Nicolás R.; Derguy, Maria Rosa; Hemmer, Helmut (diciembre de 2014). «Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides (Castellanos, 1958) nov. comb. Comentarios sistemáticos y registro fósil». Serie correlación geológica 30 (2): 92-134. ISSN 1666-9479.
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Puma (género): Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Puma es un género de mamíferos carnívoros de la familia de los félidos nativo de América, que incluye el puma y el jaguarundí.

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Puma (generoa) ( Basque )

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Puma felidoen genero bat da. Egun Ameriketan jatorria duten bi kidek - puma eta yaguarundí hain zuzen ere- osaturik dago baina Mundu Zaharrean kideak ere izan zituen (adibidez, Pliozenon Eurasian bizi zen Puma pardoides).[1][2]

Espeziea

Erreferentziak

  1. Hemmer, H. (1965) «Studien an "Panthera" schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme)» Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 122: 324–336.
  2. Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004) «The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian (Upper Pliocene) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance» Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 233: 197–233.


Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
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Puma (generoa): Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Puma felidoen genero bat da. Egun Ameriketan jatorria duten bi kidek - puma eta yaguarundí hain zuzen ere- osaturik dago baina Mundu Zaharrean kideak ere izan zituen (adibidez, Pliozenon Eurasian bizi zen Puma pardoides).

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Puumat ( Finnish )

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Puumatlähde? (Puma) on kissaeläimiin (Felidae) kuuluva suku, jonka lajeja ovat puuma (P. concolor) ja jaguarundi (P. yagouaroundi).

Lähteet

  1. Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (toim.): Puma Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). 2005. Johns Hopkins University Press. Viitattu 16.7.2013. (englanniksi)
Tämä nisäkkäisiin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Puumat: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Puumatlähde? (Puma) on kissaeläimiin (Felidae) kuuluva suku, jonka lajeja ovat puuma (P. concolor) ja jaguarundi (P. yagouaroundi).

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Puma (genre) ( French )

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Puma est un genre de félins de la sous-famille des félinés.

Espèces actuelles

Liste des espèces actuelles selon ITIS[1]:

Depuis 2017 l'espèce du Jaguarondi est placée dans le genre Herpailurus[2].

Évolution

Un ancêtre commun des actuels genres Leopardus, Lynx, Puma, Prionailurus, et Felis a migré en Amérique par le détroit de Béring il y a environ 8 à 8,5 millions d'années. Ces cinq lignées divergèrent par la suite dans l'ordre cité[3]. Des études ont montré que le puma et le jaguarondi sont plus proches entre eux qu'avec le guépard moderne, mais leur lignage exact reste encore irrésolu. La lignée du Puma a divergé il y a 6,7 Ma pour « donner naissance » aux ancêtres du guépard, du puma et du jaguarondi[4].

Il y a deux à trois millions d'années, lors du Grand échange inter-américain, les félins d'Amérique du Nord (et parmi eux, les ancêtres du puma et du jaguarondi) envahirent l'Amérique du Sud à la suite de la formation de l'Isthme de Panama[4].

Notes et références

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), www.itis.gov, CC0 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK, consulté le 1 septembre 2018
  2. Kitchener, A. C., Breitenmoser-Würsten, C., Eizirik, E., Gentry, A., Werdelin, L., Wilting A., Yamaguchi, N., Abramov, A. V., Christiansen, P., Driscoll, C., Duckworth, J. W., Johnson, W., Luo, S.-J., Meijaard, E., O'Donoghue, P., Sanderson, J., Seymour, K., Bruford, M., Groves, C., Hoffmann, M., Nowell, K., Timmons, Z. et Tobe, S., « A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group », Cat News, no Special Issue 11,‎ 2017 (lire en ligne)
  3. W.E. Johnson et al.: The Late Miocene radiation of Modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science, Bd. 311, S. 73-77, Jan. 2006
  4. a et b Stephen O'Brien et Warren Johnson, « L'évolution des chats », Pour la science, no 366,‎ avril 2008 (ISSN )

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Puma (genre): Brief Summary ( French )

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Puma est un genre de félins de la sous-famille des félinés.

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Puma (xénero) ( Galician )

provided by wikipedia gl Galician

 src=
Puma concolor puma.
 src=
Puma yagouaroundi cacomitli.

Puma é un xénero de mamíferos carnívoros da familia dos félidos, subfamilia dos felinos.[1][2]

Taxonomía

Descrición

O xénero foi descrito en 1834 polo naturalista escocés William Jardine, en Natur. Libr.: 266-267.[1]

Etimoloxía

O nome puma, que tomou Jardine para denominar o xénero, comezou a empegarse nas linguas europeas en 1777, e deriva do castelán puma, que o tomou do quechua dos incas puma.[3]

Sinónimo

Ademais do nome que lle impuxo Jardine, que é o actualmente válido, o xénero coñeceuse tamén polo sinónimo:[1]

  • Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858

Notas taxonómicas

Clasificado como un subxénero de Felis por McKenna e Bell (1997),[4] que separaron a yagouaroundi como outro subxénero, Felis (Herpailurus). Johnson e O'Brien (1997),[5] Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999),[6] e Mattern e McLennan (2000),[7] consideraron concolor e yagouaroundi como monofiléticos, sendo Acinonyx o grupo irmán.[1]

Clasificación

Na actualidade a maioría dos autores recoñecen no xénero dúas especies,[1][2] coas subespecies que se indican a continuación,[1][8][9] aínda que recentemente algúns consideran unha soa, Puma concolor, e saparan a outra nun novo xénero, Herpailurus, coa única especie Herpailurus yagouaroundi.[10][11]

Puma Jardine, 1834

  • Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) - o puma
    • Puma concolor anthonyi (Nelson and Goldman, 1931)
    • Puma concolor cabrerae Pocock, 1940
    • Puma concolor concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)
    • Puma concolor costaricensis (Merriam, 1901)
    • Puma concolor couguar (Kerr, 1792)
    • Puma concolor puma (Molina, 1782)
  • Puma yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803) - o xaguarundi
    • Puma yagouaroundi ameghinoi (Holmberg, 1898)
    • Puma yagouaroundi cacomitli (Berlandier, 1859)
    • Puma yagouaroundi eyra (G. Fischer, 1814)
    • Puma yagouaroundi fossata (Mearns, 1901)
    • Puma yagouaroundi melantho (Thomas, 1914)
    • Puma yagouaroundi panamensis (J. A. Allen, 1904)
    • Puma yagouaroundi tolteca (Thomas, 1898)
    • Puma yagouaroundi yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)

Notas

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 Puma en MSW.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Puma Jardine, 1834 no ITIS.
  3. puma no Online Etymology Dictinary.
  4. Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell (1997): Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York, NY, USA: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-2311-1013-6.
  5. Johnson, Warren E. and Stephen J. O'Brien (1997): "Phylogenetic reconstruction of the felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution, Volume 44, Supplement 1, pp. 98–116.
  6. Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P., Gittleman, J. L. & Purvis, A. (1999): "Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)" Biol. Rev. Cambridge Phil. Soc. '74: 143–175.
  7. Michelle Y. Mattern and Deborah A. McLennan (2000): "Phylogeny and Speciation of Felids", Cladistics 16 (2): 232-253.
  8. Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) no ITIS.
  9. Puma yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803) no ITIS.
  10. Kitchener, A. C., Breitenmoser-Würsten, C., Eizirik, E., Gentry, A., Werdelin, L., Wilting A., Yamaguchi, N., Abramov, A. V., Christiansen, P., Driscoll, C., Duckworth, J. W., Johnson, W., Luo, S.-J., Meijaard, E., O’Donoghue, P., Sanderson, J., Seymour, K., Bruford, M., Groves, C., Hoffmann, M., Nowell, K., Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S. (2017): "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group". Cat News. Special Issue 11.
  11. Caso, A., de Oliveira, T. & Carvajal, S. V. (2015): Herpailurus yagouaroundi na Lista vermella da UICN. Versión 2018-2. Consultada o 18 de novembro de 2018.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

Outros artigos

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Puma (xénero): Brief Summary ( Galician )

provided by wikipedia gl Galician
 src= Puma concolor puma.  src= Puma yagouaroundi cacomitli.

Puma é un xénero de mamíferos carnívoros da familia dos félidos, subfamilia dos felinos.

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Puma (genus) ( Indonesian )

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Puma adalah genus di Felidae yang berisi cougar (juga dikenal sebagai puma, di antara nama-nama lainnya) dan jaguarundi, dan bisa juga menyertakan beberapa nama kurang dikenal yang berasal dari fosil Dunia Lama (misalnya, Puma pardoides, atau "macan kumbang Owen," suatu cougar besar seperti kucing dari Eurasia dimasa Pleistocene).[2][3]


Spesies

Referensi

  1. ^ Templat:MSW3 Carnivora
  2. ^ Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an "Panthera" schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 122, 324–336.
  3. ^ Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian (Upper Pliocene) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 233, 197–233.

Pranala luar

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Puma (genus): Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Puma adalah genus di Felidae yang berisi cougar (juga dikenal sebagai puma, di antara nama-nama lainnya) dan jaguarundi, dan bisa juga menyertakan beberapa nama kurang dikenal yang berasal dari fosil Dunia Lama (misalnya, Puma pardoides, atau "macan kumbang Owen," suatu cougar besar seperti kucing dari Eurasia dimasa Pleistocene).


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Puma (zoologia) ( Italian )

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Puma Jardine, 1834 è un genere di felidi che comprende una sola specie vivente (Puma concolor) e una specie fossile (Puma pardoides).

Lo yaguaroundi, in passato attribuito a questo genere (P. yagouaroundi), è attualmente inquadrato in un genere a sé stante (Herpailurus).

Bibliografia

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Puma (zoologia): Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Puma Jardine, 1834 è un genere di felidi che comprende una sola specie vivente (Puma concolor) e una specie fossile (Puma pardoides).

Lo yaguaroundi, in passato attribuito a questo genere (P. yagouaroundi), è attualmente inquadrato in un genere a sé stante (Herpailurus).

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Puma ( Latin )

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Puma est genus Felidarum, cuius species exstant duae: Puma concolor et Puma yagouaroundi.

Nexus externi

Wikidata-logo.svg Situs scientifici:ITISNCBIBiodiversityEncyclopedia of LifeFossilworks
Commons-logo.svg Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Pumam spectant.
Wikispecies-logo.svg Vide "Pumam" apud Vicispecies. stipula Haec stipula ad biologiam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!
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Puma: Brief Summary ( Latin )

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Puma est genus Felidarum, cuius species exstant duae: Puma concolor et Puma yagouaroundi.

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Pumas ( Latvian )

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Pumas, pumu ģints (Puma) ir viena no kaķu dzimtas (Felidae) ģintīm, kas pieder kaķu apakšdzimtai (Felinae). Pumu ģintī mūsdienās ir 2 sugas.[1]

Pumu ģints sugu savvaļas izplatības areāls ir Ziemeļamerika un Dienvidamerika. Abas sugas ir sastopamas gan zemienēs, gan kalnainos apvidos. Tās mājo kalnu mežos, zemieņu tropu mežos, sausajos krūmājos un purvos.[2][3]

Izskats un īpašības

Abu pumu sugu kažoki ir vienkrāsaini - smilšu brūni vai rudi brūni. Proporcionāli tie ir slaidi plēsēji, ar muskuļotiem augumiem. Tēviņi lielāki nekā mātītes. Puma (Puma concolor) ir krietni lielāka nekā ūdrkaķis (Puma yagouaroundi). Turklāt puma ir ceturtais lielākais kaķveidīgais plēsējs pasaulē.[4] Liels tēviņš var būt 2,75 metrus garš, ieskaitot asti, augstums skaustā 90 cm, svars 103 kg.[5][6] Toties lielākais ūdrkaķa tēviņš ir apmēram 1,28 m garš, ieskaitot asti, augstums skaustā apmēram 30 cm, svars 9,1 kg.[7][8]

Klasifikācija

  • Pumu ģints (Puma)

Atsauces

  1. «Genus Puma». Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2009. gada 18. februārī. Skatīts: 2009. gada 13. janvārī.
  2. «Mountain Lion (Puma, Cougar)». Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2012. gada 16. februārī. Skatīts: 2012. gada 14. janvārī.
  3. «ARKive: Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi)». Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2011. gada 22. decembrī. Skatīts: 2012. gada 14. janvārī.
  4. «Expanding Cougar Population». Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2012. gada 11. janvārī. Skatīts: 2012. gada 14. janvārī.
  5. Eastern Cougar Fact Sheet
  6. «Florida Panther Facts». Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2012. gada 23. martā. Skatīts: 2012. gada 23. martā.
  7. Jaguarundi (Felis yagouaroundi tolteca)
  8. Animal Spot: Jaguarundi

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Pumas: Brief Summary ( Latvian )

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Pumas, pumu ģints (Puma) ir viena no kaķu dzimtas (Felidae) ģintīm, kas pieder kaķu apakšdzimtai (Felinae). Pumu ģintī mūsdienās ir 2 sugas.

Pumu ģints sugu savvaļas izplatības areāls ir Ziemeļamerika un Dienvidamerika. Abas sugas ir sastopamas gan zemienēs, gan kalnainos apvidos. Tās mājo kalnu mežos, zemieņu tropu mežos, sausajos krūmājos un purvos.

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Pumaer ( Norwegian )

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Pumaer (Puma) er en slekt av kattedyr som hører hjemme i gruppen av pumaer og geparder. Gruppen består av en slekt med to arter. Artene har øyne med runde pupiller.[1] Nyere forskning viser at geparder (Acinonyx) er en søsterslekt til pumaer. Samlet refereres det gjerne til hele gruppen som puma-linjen.

Spor etter pumalignende felider som kan dateres til sen pliocen og tidlig pleistocen er funnet flere steder i Eurasia, for eksempel Puma pardoides, men tolkningen av det fylogeniske slektskapet til Puma concolor har vært kontroversiell. Med bakgrunn i morfologiske studier og funn gjort av puma-lignende felider på Den iberiske halvøy har forskere nå konkludert med at P. pardoides er nært beslektet med P. pardoides, noe som støtter en teori om at puma-linjens opprinnelse sto i Eurasia.[2]

Fylogeni

Fylogeni etter Johnson m. fl.[3], 2006.

Felidae

Panterlinjen (Moderne katter oppsto for cirka 10,8 millioner år siden, da gruppen Pantherinae oppsto. Slektene Panthera og Neofelis er søsterslekter i denne gruppen og splittet seg for cirka 6,4 millioner år siden)




Baykattlinjen (Slekten Pardofelis oppsto for cirka 9,4 millioner år siden)




Karakallinjen (Slekten Caracal oppsto for cirka 8,5 millioner år siden)




Ozelotlinjen (Slekten Leopardus oppsto for cirka 8 millioner år siden)




Gaupelinjen (Slekten Lynx oppsto for cirka 7,2 millioner år siden)




Pumalinjen (Slekten Puma oppsto for cirka 6,7 millioner år siden. En søsterslekt, Acinonyx, oppsto for cirka 4,9 millioner år siden)




Leopardkattlinjen (Slekten Prionailurus oppsto for cirka 6,2 millioner år siden). En søsterslekt, Otocolobus, oppsto for cirka 5,9 millioner år siden.




Tamkattlinjen (Slekten Felis oppsto for cirka 3,4 millioner år siden)











Arter

  • Puma (pumaer)
    • P. concolor (puma, også kalt cougar og fjelløve)
      • P. c. concolor
      • P. c. anthonyi
      • P. c. cabrerae
      • P. c. costaricensis
      • P. c. couguar
      • P. c. puma
    • P. yagouaroundi (jaguarundi, også kalt oterkatt)
      • P. y. yagouaroundi
      • P. y. ameghinoi
      • P. y. cacomitli
      • P. y. eyra
      • P. y. fossata
      • P. y. melantho
      • P. y. panamensis
      • P. y. tolteca

Referanser

Eksterne lenker

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Pumaer: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Pumaer (Puma) er en slekt av kattedyr som hører hjemme i gruppen av pumaer og geparder. Gruppen består av en slekt med to arter. Artene har øyne med runde pupiller. Nyere forskning viser at geparder (Acinonyx) er en søsterslekt til pumaer. Samlet refereres det gjerne til hele gruppen som puma-linjen.

Spor etter pumalignende felider som kan dateres til sen pliocen og tidlig pleistocen er funnet flere steder i Eurasia, for eksempel Puma pardoides, men tolkningen av det fylogeniske slektskapet til Puma concolor har vært kontroversiell. Med bakgrunn i morfologiske studier og funn gjort av puma-lignende felider på Den iberiske halvøy har forskere nå konkludert med at P. pardoides er nært beslektet med P. pardoides, noe som støtter en teori om at puma-linjens opprinnelse sto i Eurasia.

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Puma ( Polish )

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 src= Ten artykuł dotyczy rodzaju kotowatych. Zobacz też: inne znaczenia. Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Wikisłownik Hasło w Wikisłowniku

Puma (Puma) – rodzaj ssaków drapieżnych z rodziny kotowatych (Felidae).

Występowanie

Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujący w obu Amerykach[4].

Systematyka

Gatunek typowy

Felis concolor Linnaeus, 1771

Podział systematyczny

Do rodzaju należą dwa żyjące gatunki[5][4]:

oraz wymarłe gatunki Puma (Viretailurus) pardoides (żyjący na obszarze Eurazji), Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides i być może Puma (Miracinonyx) inexpectata oraz Puma (Miracinonyx) trumani[6].

Przypisy

  1. Puma, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. W. Jardine: The naturalist's library. Cz. 16: Natural history of the Felinae. Edynburg: W. H. Lizars, 1834, s. 266. (ang.)
  3. N. Severtzov. Notice sur la classification multisériale des Carnivores, spécialement des Félidés, et les études de zoologie générale qui s'y rattachent. „Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée”. 2 Série. 10, s. 385, 1858 (fr.).
  4. a b Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Puma. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2009-01-22]
  5. Systematyka i nazwy polskie za: Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 137. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  6. Nicolás R. Chimento, Maria Rosa Derguy i Helmut Hemmer. Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides (Castellanos, 1958) nov. comb. Comentarios sistemáticos y registro fósil. „Serie Correlación Geológica”. 30 (2), s. 92–134, 2014 (hiszp.).
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Puma: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Puma (Puma) – rodzaj ssaków drapieżnych z rodziny kotowatych (Felidae).

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Puma (género) ( Portuguese )

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Puma é um género da família Felidae que agrupa duas espécies de felinos, a suçuarana ou puma (Puma concolor) e o jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi). Pode também incluir vários representantes fósseis mal conhecidos do Velho Mundo (como Puma pardoides, ou "pantera de Owen", um grande felino semelhante ao puma que vivia na Eurásia durante o Pleistoceno).[2][3]

Evolução

O ancestral comum dos atuais géneros Leopardus, Lynx, Puma, Prionailurus, e Felis migrou para a América pelo estreito de Bering há entre 8 e 8,5 milhões de anos. As cinco linhagens divergiram posteriormente na ordem citada[4]. Os estudos mostraram que o puma e o jaguarundi são mais próximos entre si que do guepardo moderno, mas a sua linhagem exata permanece ainda por resolver. A linhagem do puma divergiu há 6,7 milhões de anos dando origem aos ancestrais do guepardo, puma e jaguarundi[5].

Há dois ou três milhões de anos, durante o Grande Intercâmbio Americano, os felinos da América do Norte (e entre eles, os ancestrais do puma e do jaguarundi) invadiram a América do Sul a seguir à formação do istmo do Panamá[5].

Espécies e subespécies

O género Puma inclui duas espécies, cada uma com várias subespécies:[1]

Puma concolor - puma

Puma yagouaroundi - jaguarundi

Referências

  1. a b Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed).
  2. Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an "Panthera" schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 122, 324–336.
  3. Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 233, 197–233.
  4. W.E. Johnson et al.: The Late Miocene radiation of Modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science, Bd. 311, S. 73-77, Jan. 2006
  5. a b Stephen O'Brien e Warren Johnson (Abril 2008). «L'évolution des chats». Pour la science (366). ISSN 0153-4092

Texto inicialmente baseado na tradução dos artigos «Puma (genus)» na Wikipédia em inglês, «Puma (genre)» na Wikipédia em francês e «Puma (género)» na Wikipédia em castelhano.

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Puma (género): Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

Puma é um género da família Felidae que agrupa duas espécies de felinos, a suçuarana ou puma (Puma concolor) e o jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi). Pode também incluir vários representantes fósseis mal conhecidos do Velho Mundo (como Puma pardoides, ou "pantera de Owen", um grande felino semelhante ao puma que vivia na Eurásia durante o Pleistoceno).

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Puma (gen) ( Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan )

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Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți Puma (dezambiguizare).

Puma este un gen de mamifere placentare din familia Felidae, native din America, care include specia tip puma.

Specii

Genul Puma include o specie fosilă și două specii în viață, ambele cu diverse subspecii:[1]

Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) - puma

Puma yagouaroundi (Geoffroy, 1803) - yaguarundí

Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) specie extinctă

Referințe

Commons
Wikimedia Commons conține materiale multimedia legate de Puma
Wikispecies
Wikispecies conține informații legate de Puma (gen)

Bibliografie

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Puma (gen): Brief Summary ( Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan )

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Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți Puma (dezambiguizare).

Puma este un gen de mamifere placentare din familia Felidae, native din America, care include specia tip puma.

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Puma (släkte) ( Swedish )

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Puma är ett släkte i familjen kattdjur (Felidae) som innehåller arterna puma[2] och jaguarundi[3] (båda i Nord- och Sydamerika och med ett flertal underarter) samt den numera utdöda owens panter (förekom i Eurasien, bland annat Frankrike).

Referenser

  1. ^ Standard Report Page: Puma (på engelska). ITIS. 2005. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=552375. Läst 2 januari 2013.
  2. ^ Standard Report Page: Puma concolor (på engelska). ITIS. 2005. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=552479. Läst 2 januari 2013.
  3. ^ Standard Report Page: Puma yagouaroundi (på engelska). ITIS. 2005. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=726257. Läst 2 januari 2013.

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Puma (släkte): Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Puma är ett släkte i familjen kattdjur (Felidae) som innehåller arterna puma och jaguarundi (båda i Nord- och Sydamerika och med ett flertal underarter) samt den numera utdöda owens panter (förekom i Eurasien, bland annat Frankrike).

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Puma (cins) ( Turkish )

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Türleri

Metne bakınız.

Dış bağlantılar Wikispecies-logo.svg Wikispecies'de Puma (cins) ile ilgili taksonomi bilgileri bulunur.

Puma, kedigiller familyasında bir yırtıcı hayvan cinsidir. Bu cins içerisine iki tür bir araya getirilmiştir.

Genel kullanımda "puma" denildiğinde, hemen daima dağ aslanı anlaşılır.

Yaguarundi önceleri kendilerine özgü bir cins olarak Herpailurus olarak sınıflanmış, ancak moleküler incelemeler sonucu bu iki tür arasında yakın bir akrabalık tespit edilmiştir. Böylelikle en yeni sistematikde bu iki tür ortak bir cinste toplanır.

Bu hayvanların postu kısa ve sık, genelde sarı-boz ya da kırmızımsıdır. Erişkin hayvanlar diğer birçok kedi türlerinin aksine lekesizdir. Her iki tür de Amerika Kıtası'nda yaşar.

Cins üzerine yapılan DNA analizleri, bu cinsin yaşayan en yakın akrabasının çita olduğu sonucunu verir. Kendine özgün vücut yapısı sebebiyle bu tür, kedigiller içinde kendine ait bir alt familyaya (Acinonychinae) yerleştirilmiştir. Bu ortak özelliklerin keşfinden sonra bu bölümlendirmeye artık doğru olarak bakılamamaktadır.

Literatür

  • D. E. Wilson und D. M. Reeder: Mammal Species of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
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Puma (cins): Brief Summary ( Turkish )

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Puma, kedigiller familyasında bir yırtıcı hayvan cinsidir. Bu cins içerisine iki tür bir araya getirilmiştir.

Dağ aslanı (Puma concolor) ve Yaguarundi (Puma yaguarondi).

Genel kullanımda "puma" denildiğinde, hemen daima dağ aslanı anlaşılır.

Yaguarundi önceleri kendilerine özgü bir cins olarak Herpailurus olarak sınıflanmış, ancak moleküler incelemeler sonucu bu iki tür arasında yakın bir akrabalık tespit edilmiştir. Böylelikle en yeni sistematikde bu iki tür ortak bir cinste toplanır.

Bu hayvanların postu kısa ve sık, genelde sarı-boz ya da kırmızımsıdır. Erişkin hayvanlar diğer birçok kedi türlerinin aksine lekesizdir. Her iki tür de Amerika Kıtası'nda yaşar.

Cins üzerine yapılan DNA analizleri, bu cinsin yaşayan en yakın akrabasının çita olduğu sonucunu verir. Kendine özgün vücut yapısı sebebiyle bu tür, kedigiller içinde kendine ait bir alt familyaya (Acinonychinae) yerleştirilmiştir. Bu ortak özelliklerin keşfinden sonra bu bölümlendirmeye artık doğru olarak bakılamamaktadır.

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Пума (рід) ( Ukrainian )

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Chi Báo sư tử ( Vietnamese )

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Danh pháp đồng nghĩa

Herpailurus Severtzow, 1858

Viretailurus Hemmer, 1965

Chi Báo sư tử (Puma) là một chi trong họ Mèo bao gồm loài báo sư tửmèo cây châu Mỹ, và có thể cũng bao gồm nhiều loài hóa thạch cựu thế giới chưa được biết đến nhiều (ví dụ như Puma pardoides, hay "Owen's panther," một loài mèo lớn như báo sư tử trong Pleistocene của lục địa Á-Âu).[2][3]

Tên khoa học "puma" bắt nguồn từ tên gọi bản địa của loài báo sư tử trong tiếng Quechua.[4]

Loài

  • Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) – Báo sư tử
  • Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) – Owen's Panther

    Tham khảo

    1. ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). “Order Carnivora”. Trong Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (ấn bản 3). Johns Hopkins University Press. tr. 544–545. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
    2. ^ Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an "Panthera" schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 122, 324–336.
    3. ^ Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian (Upper Pliocene) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 233, 197–233.
    4. ^ Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Diccionario quechua-español-quechua, Edmundo Pantigozo, 2nd edition, 2006.

    Liên kết ngoài


    Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về các loài trong bộ thú ăn thịt này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Chi Báo sư tử: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Chi Báo sư tử (Puma) là một chi trong họ Mèo bao gồm loài báo sư tửmèo cây châu Mỹ, và có thể cũng bao gồm nhiều loài hóa thạch cựu thế giới chưa được biết đến nhiều (ví dụ như Puma pardoides, hay "Owen's panther," một loài mèo lớn như báo sư tử trong Pleistocene của lục địa Á-Âu).

Tên khoa học "puma" bắt nguồn từ tên gọi bản địa của loài báo sư tử trong tiếng Quechua.

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Пумы ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
Отряд: Хищные
Подотряд: Кошкообразные
Семейство: Кошачьи
Подсемейство: Малые кошки
Род: Пумы
Международное научное название

Puma Jardine, 1834

Ареал изображение
Пума Ягуарунди
Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 552375NCBI 146712EOL 34428FW 41073
Запрос «Puma» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения.

Пу́мы (лат. Puma) — род хищников из семейства кошачьих. В нём объединены два современных вида и несколько вымерших:

Ранее ягуарунди выделялся в самостоятельный род Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858, но молекулярно-генетические исследования выявили близкое родство между обоими этими видами, из-за чего современные систематики относят их в один род.

Шерсть пум короткая и густая и окрашена обычно в жёлто-серые или красноватые тона. Взрослые особи в отличие от представителей многих других видов кошачьих не пятнисты. Оба вида живут в Америке.

Ещё одним результатом исследований ДНК пум стало то, что самым близким из живущих родственников пум был признан гепард. Из-за его необычного телосложения его ранее выделяли в собственное подсемейство Acinonychinae, но родство с пумами заставило причислить гепарда к подсемейству малых кошек.

В культуре

  • Пума почиталась индейцами Южной Америки.
  • Пум-Ра — антропоморфный персонаж-пума, которым в 6-й серии мультсериала «Громовые коты» (1985 г.) притворялся Мамм-Ра, главный антагонист сериала.
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Пумы: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Запрос «Puma» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения.

Пу́мы (лат. Puma) — род хищников из семейства кошачьих. В нём объединены два современных вида и несколько вымерших:

Puma concolorпума; Puma yagouaroundiягуарунди. † Puma pardoidesPuma pumoidesPuma inexpectatus? † Puma trumani?

Ранее ягуарунди выделялся в самостоятельный род Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858, но молекулярно-генетические исследования выявили близкое родство между обоими этими видами, из-за чего современные систематики относят их в один род.

Шерсть пум короткая и густая и окрашена обычно в жёлто-серые или красноватые тона. Взрослые особи в отличие от представителей многих других видов кошачьих не пятнисты. Оба вида живут в Америке.

Ещё одним результатом исследований ДНК пум стало то, что самым близким из живущих родственников пум был признан гепард. Из-за его необычного телосложения его ранее выделяли в собственное подсемейство Acinonychinae, но родство с пумами заставило причислить гепарда к подсемейству малых кошек.

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美洲金猫属 ( Chinese )

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美洲金猫属: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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ピューマ属 ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
ピューマ属 CMM MountainLion.jpg 地質時代 新生代新第三紀鮮新世
- 第四紀完新世(現世) 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 哺乳綱 Mammalia 上目 : ローラシア獣上目 Laurasiatheria : ネコ目(食肉目) Carnivora 亜目 : ネコ亜目 Feliformia : ネコ科 Felidae 亜科 : ネコ亜科 Felinae : ピューマ属 Puma 学名 Puma
Jardine, 1834 タイプ種 P. concolor 英名 Puma 下位分類群( Puma (genus) range.png
ピューマ属の生息図
黄:ピューマのみ、緑:ジャガランディのみ(目撃例は非常に稀)、黄緑:両種

ピューマ属( - ぞく、学名Puma)は、ピューマ模式種)とジャガランディの2からなる、アメリカ大陸ネコ科動物の一分類群(1)。

ピューマは南北アメリカ大陸に広く、ジャガランディは中央アメリカ南アメリカ大陸の広範な地域に分布する。

系統の問題[編集]

ピューマとジャガランディの分化新生代第四紀更新世中期イオニアンen)の頃と考えられているため、ピューマ属の出現はこれに先立つ時代に求められる。

系統分類学の新たな知見によれば、北アメリカ大陸で進化してきたピューマ属は、かつてユーラシア大陸熱帯温帯の平原に広く分布していたチーター属genus Acinonyx。現生はチーターのみ)と、祖先を共有しているとされている。 ネコ科の揺籃地はユーラシアであるが、本件における両属の共通祖先が棲息していたのがユーラシアであったのか北アメリカであったのかは、まだ解明されていない。共通祖先がユーラシアからベーリング地峡を通って北アメリカに渡る以前に両属の分化があったのか、北アメリカに渡った共通祖先から両属が分岐した上でチーター属のみがユーラシアへも分布を拡げてむしろそこで繁栄を遂げたのか、はたまたそのいずれでもないのかは、現在、研究者の間で見解が分かれているところである。

なお、現在確認されている化石からは、チーター属は約250万年前から約220万年前にかけての時代(新生代第四紀更新世前期ジェラシアン)の中国大陸においてすでに棲息していたことが判っている。したがって、ピューマ属の出現もその頃まで遡らなければ、系統進化の上で整合性が得られない。

出典[編集]

 src= ウィキスピーシーズにピューマ属に関する情報があります。  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ピューマ属に関連するメディアがあります。 執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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ピューマ属: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

ピューマ属( - ぞく、学名Puma)は、ピューマ模式種)とジャガランディの2からなる、アメリカ大陸ネコ科動物の一分類群(1)。

ピューマは南北アメリカ大陸に広く、ジャガランディは中央アメリカ南アメリカ大陸の広範な地域に分布する。

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퓨마속 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

퓨마속(Puma)는 고양이과에 속하는 속이다.[1] 현존하는 유일종 퓨마를 포함하고 있다. 이전에는 재규어런디를 포함했지만 현재는 별도의 속으로 분류하고 있다. 외형은 표범호랑이에 가깝지만 계통분류학적으로는 고양이에 더 가깝다. 또한 표범과는 1천만년 전에 공통 조상에서 갈라진 것으로 추정하고 있다.

하위 종

계통 분류

다음은 고양이과의 계통 분류이다.[2]

고양이과

마카이로두스아과

    표범아과 구름표범속

보르네오구름표범

   

구름표범

    표범속    

눈표범

   

호랑이

       

재규어

     

표범

   

사자

          고양이아과마블고양이속

마블고양이

황금고양이속

보르네오황금고양이

   

아시아황금고양이

          서벌속

서벌

카라칼속

카라칼

   

아프리카황금고양이

        호랑고양이속    

오셀롯

   

마게이

         

콜로콜로

   

안데스산고양이

       

호랑고양이

     

코드코드

   

조프루아고양이

            스라소니속

붉은스라소니

     

캐나다스라소니

     

스라소니

   

이베리아스라소니

            치타속

치타

    퓨마속

퓨마

재규어런디속

재규어런디

          마눌속

마눌

삵속

붉은점박이삵

     

납작머리삵

     

고기잡이삵

   

          고양이속

정글고양이

     

검은발고양이

     

모래고양이

   

들고양이(집고양이 포함)

                       

각주

  1. Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). 〈GENUS Puma. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 544–545쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. Stephen J. O’Brien and Warren E. Johnson (2010). “The Evolution of CATS” (PDF). 《SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.》.
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