dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 3.3 years Observations: These animals can live up to 3.3 years (Ronald Nowak 1999).
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Conservation Status

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US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Tara Poloskey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Untitled

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Predators of the Varying Lemming include Norwegian snowy owls, Norwegian short-eared owls, ermines, foxes, wolves, pomarine jaegars, least weasels, falcons, gulls, hawks, wolverines and the polar bear (HInton, 191926; Wooding, 1982)

It is uncommon for this species to live longer than one year in the wild (Marsden, 1964).

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Benefits

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Eskimos use the soft white winter coats of the collared lemming for clothing decoration and toys for the children (Nowak, 1999).

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Trophic Strategy

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The diet of D. groenlandicus consists of willow buds, fruits, flowers, grasses and twigs (Wooding, 1982). They will eat mushrooms and mosses in captivity. The morphology of the teeth suggests that they prey on insects, but this behavior has not been observed by individuals in the wild (Marsden, 1964; Nowak, 1999).

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Distribution

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Tundra biomes of Alaska; arctic islands of Canada, Northwest Territories; Greenland; St. Lawrence Island and Wrangel Island(Siberia) (Nowak, 1999; Wooding, 1982).

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); palearctic (Native )

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Habitat

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D. groenlandicus is mainly terrestrial and fossorial, however, this lemming can also be found swimming in the arctic waters.

Terrestrial Biomes: tundra

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Life Expectancy

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Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
3.3 years.

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Tara Poloskey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology

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The collared lemming is short and stocky with a very heavy coat year round. Pelage varies with the seasons: in summer the coat is light to dark grey with a buffy to reddish brown tone. Dark lines down the back and on the sides of the head are characteristic, however, the length of the stripe varies from ending just before the withers, to continuing down the length of the back (Hinton, 1926). The winter coat color is uninterrupted white. Dicrostonyx is the only genus in Rodentia in which the individuals have completely white coats in the winter season.

The head and body length equal approximately 100-157 mm with a tail of between 10 and 20 mm. This species is fossorial, developing a unique double digging claw in the winter to break through the ice and snow of the tundra (Marsden, 1964; Nowak, 1999). D. groenlandicus can easily be distinguished from other species of the genus by its narrow rostrum, smaller, straighter incisors and the unusually short hind foot (Hinton, 1926).

Range mass: 30 to 112 g.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average basal metabolic rate: 0.459 W.

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Tara Poloskey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Reproduction

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The female estrus cycle lasts for 9.6 days, occuring several times in the breeding season, which runs from January to September (it may begin early depending on the severity of the weather). After a 19-21 day gestation, a litter of between 1 and 11 is born. A female typically has two to three litters per year in the wild; however, in captivity they can have up to five. The young weigh 3.8 g (average) at partruition and are weaned at 15-20 days (Marsden, 1964; Nowak, 1999).

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average birth mass: 4.35 g.

Average gestation period: 20 days.

Average number of offspring: 3.4.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
85 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
40 days.

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Poloskey, T. 2000. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus.html
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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ( Asturian )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Cricetidae.

Distribución xeográfica

Alcuéntrase na tundra del norte de Canadá, Alaska y Groenlandia. Aliméntase de yerbes, juncia, y otros tipos de vexetación verde, pel branu cañes del sauce, álamu y abeduriu pel hibiernu. El depredadores inclúin búhos - (uxu), gaviluetes, papalbes, y osu polar.

Referencies

  • Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. P. 894-1531 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. Y. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Cricetidae.

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Lèmming de collar àrtic ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El lèmming de collar àrtic (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels cricètids. Viu al Canadà (Territoris del Nord-oest, Nunavut i Yukon), Groenlàndia i els Estats Units (Alaska). El seu hàbitat natural és la tundra, on ocupa les zones altes, seques i rocoses durant l'estiu i prats situats a altituds més baixes a l'hivern. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1] El seu nom específic, groenlandicus, significa 'groenlandès' en llatí.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Lèmming de collar àrtic Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Linzey, A. V.; NatureServe (Hammerson, G.). Dicrostonyx groenlandicus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 20 abril 2016.
  2. Entrada «Dicrostonyx» d'Animalia (en anglès).
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Lèmming de collar àrtic: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El lèmming de collar àrtic (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels cricètids. Viu al Canadà (Territoris del Nord-oest, Nunavut i Yukon), Groenlàndia i els Estats Units (Alaska). El seu hàbitat natural és la tundra, on ocupa les zones altes, seques i rocoses durant l'estiu i prats situats a altituds més baixes a l'hivern. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie. El seu nom específic, groenlandicus, significa 'groenlandès' en llatí.

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Nördlicher Halsbandlemming ( German )

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Verbreitungsgebiet des Nördlichen Halsbandlemmings

Der Nördliche Halsbandlemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) ist ein Nagetier in der Unterfamilie der Wühlmäuse.[1]

Merkmale

Die Art erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 100 bis 157 mm, eine Schwanzlänge von 10 bis 20 mm sowie ein Gewicht von 30 bis 112 g.[2] Vor dem Winter können verschiedene Exemplare ihr Gewicht verdoppeln.[3] Der Nördliche Halsbandlemming hat ein hellgraues Sommerfell, das hellbraune oder rotbraune Schattierungen aufweisen kann. Typisch für die Art sind dunkle Streifen, die in ihrer Länge variieren oder die stark verwaschen sind. Bei einigen Exemplaren kommt nur ein dunkler Aalstrich vor. Das Winterfell ist wie bei den anderen Halsbandlemmingen vollständig weiß.[2] Weiterhin bildet der Nördliche Halsbandlemming vor dem Winter gegabelte Krallen aus, die das Graben im Schnee erleichtern.[3] Die Art unterscheidet sich von anderen Halsbandlemmingen durch eine schmalere Schnauze, geradere Schneidezähne und kürzere Hinterfüße.[2]

Verbreitung

Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt in der Arktis in Grönland, in Nordkanada sowie im Norden Alaskas. In Gebirgen im Grenzgebiet zwischen Kanada und Alaska kann die Art oberhalb der Baumgrenze angetroffen werden. Der Nördliche Halsbandlemming hält sich im Sommer auf trockenen und teilweise felsigen Anhöhen auf und bewohnt im Winter schneebedeckte Grasflächen.[4]

Lebensweise

Der Nördliche Halsbandlemming gräbt seinen Bau im aufgetauten Boden oder in der Schneedecke. Der Bau besteht gewöhnlich aus einem bis zu 6 Meter langen Tunnel mit einem Durchmesser von bis zu 20 cm, sowie aus einer abschließenden Kammer, die mit Heu gepolstert wird. Als Nahrung dienen je nach Jahreszeit Gras, Zweige, Blüten, Früchte oder Knospen. Exemplare in Gefangenschaft konnten erfolgreich mit Pilzen und Moos gefüttert werden. Aufgrund der Gebissform wird angenommen, dass die Art auch Insekten frisst. Dafür fehlen bisher die Belege.[2]

In der Wildnis haben Weibchen meist drei Würfe zwischen Januar und September. Nach einer Trächtigkeit von 19 bis 21 Tagen werden 1 bis 11 Jungtiere geboren. Diese wiegen bei Geburt durchschnittlich 3,8 g. Sie werden 15 bis 20 Tage gesäugt und erreichen die Geschlechtsreife nach etwa 40 Tagen (Weibchen) bzw. 85 Tagen (Männchen).[2] Laut einer anderen Quelle beträgt die mittlere Anzahl Würfe pro Jahr 8,5 sowie die durchschnittliche Anzahl der Jungtiere pro Wurf 3,4.[5] Wie bei anderen Lemmingen kommen über mehrere Jahre auffällige Bestandsschwankungen vor.[2]

Einzelne Individuen erreichten in Gefangenschaft ein Alter von 3,3 Jahren.[5] In der Natur lebt der Nördliche Halsbandlemming selten länger als ein Jahr.[2]

Status

Die Art hat eine Reihe natürlicher Fressfeinde wie Eulen, Greifvögel, Möwen, Füchse, Wölfe, Vielfraße oder Eisbären. Das Winterfell wird von den Eskimos zur Ausschmückung der Kleidung benutzt.[2]

Für den Gesamtbestand liegen keine nennenswerten Bedrohungen vor. Die IUCN listet den Nördlichen Halsbandlemming als nicht gefährdet (Least Concern).[4]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 3. Auflage. 2 Bände. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 (englisch, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus).
  2. a b c d e f g h Tara Poloskey: Bering collared lemming im Animal Diversity Web der University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Abgerufen: 23. Oktober 2016.
  3. a b Nearctic Collared Lemming (Memento des Originals vom 30. Juli 2016 im Internet Archive)  src= Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.@1@2Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/naturalhistory.si.edu, Smithsonian Institution, Abgerufen: 23. Oktober 2016.
  4. a b Dicrostonyx groenlandicus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2008. Eingestellt von: Linzey, A.V. & NatureServe (Hammerson, G.), 2008. Abgerufen am 23. Oktober 2016.
  5. a b Collared Lemming, The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database
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Nördlicher Halsbandlemming: Brief Summary ( German )

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 src= Verbreitungsgebiet des Nördlichen Halsbandlemmings

Der Nördliche Halsbandlemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) ist ein Nagetier in der Unterfamilie der Wühlmäuse.

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Qiḷaŋmiutaq ( Inupiaq )

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Qiḷaŋmiutaq suli Qiḷaŋmiutauraq (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus)

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Northern collared lemming

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The northern collared lemming or Nearctic collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus), sometimes called the Peary Land collared lemming in Canada, is a small lemming found in Arctic North America and Wrangel Island. At one time, it was considered to be a subspecies of the Arctic lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus). Some sources believe several other species of collared lemmings found in North America are actually subspecies of D. groenlandicus.[2]

Description

It has a short chunky body covered with thick grey fur with a thin black stripe along its back and light grey underparts. It has small ears, short legs and a very short tail. It has a pale brown collar across its chest. In winter, its fur turns white, and it has large digging claws on its front feet. It is 14 cm long with a 1.5 cm tail and weighs about 40 g.

Distribution and habitat

It is found in the tundra of northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland. A disjunct population is also present on Wrangel Island in Siberia; this population was formerly considered its own species, the Wrangel lemming (D. vinogradovi).[3][4][5]

Diet

It feeds on grasses, sedges and other green vegetation in summer, and twigs of willow, aspen and birches in winter.

Predators

Predators include snowy owls, gulls, wolverines, the Arctic fox and the polar bear.

Breeding

Female lemmings have two or three litters of four to eight young in a year. The young are born in a nest in a burrow or concealed in vegetation.

Behaviour

It is active year-round, day and night. It makes runways through the surface vegetation and also digs burrows above the permafrost. It burrows under the snow in winter. Lemming populations go through a three- or four-year cycle of boom and bust. When their population peaks, lemmings disperse from overcrowded areas.

References

  1. ^ a b Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42618A115195764. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42618A22331908.en.
  2. ^ Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 971–972. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ Trust), Rosalind Kennerley (Durrell Wildlife Conservation; Group), Rachael Gerrie (Small Mammal Specialist (2016-07-15). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dicrostonyx vinogradovi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
  4. ^ "Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
  5. ^ "The Mammals of Russia: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
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Northern collared lemming: Brief Summary

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The northern collared lemming or Nearctic collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus), sometimes called the Peary Land collared lemming in Canada, is a small lemming found in Arctic North America and Wrangel Island. At one time, it was considered to be a subspecies of the Arctic lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus). Some sources believe several other species of collared lemmings found in North America are actually subspecies of D. groenlandicus.

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus es una especie de roedor de la familia Cricetidae.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en la tundra del norte de Canadá, Alaska y Groenlandia. Se alimenta de hierbas, juncia, y otros tipos de vegetación verde, en verano ramas del sauce, álamo y abedul en invierno. Los depredadores incluyen búhos, gaviotas, comadrejas, y oso polar.

Referencias

  • Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. P. 894-1531 in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus es una especie de roedor de la familia Cricetidae.

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ( Basque )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Dicrostonyx generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Arvicolinae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Traill (1823) Cricetidae In Scoresby.

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Dicrostonyx generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Arvicolinae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ( French )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, appelé Lemming à collerette[1] ou, comme une autre espèce du même genre, Lemming variable[2], est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricétidés. Ces lemmings font partie du groupe des lemmings à collier ou lemmings arctiques, noms génériques des espèces du genre Dicrostonyx mais qui désignent souvent cette espèce[3].

Répartition et habitat

Il vit au Canada et aux États-Unis. On le trouve dans les hauteurs sèches et rocheuses en été et dans les basses prairies en hiver[4].

Notes et références

  1. Nom mentionné sur la page Lupin arctique, Lupinus arcticus du site canadien nature.ca
  2. Nom mentionné sur la page Lemming variable et Lemming brun du site canadien www.cen.ulaval.ca
  3. Nom mentionné par exemple sur la page Lemming : une étude publiée dans Science propose un modèle pour expliquer un mystère écologique du site www.inra.fr
  4. UICN, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, appelé Lemming à collerette ou, comme une autre espèce du même genre, Lemming variable, est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricétidés. Ces lemmings font partie du groupe des lemmings à collier ou lemmings arctiques, noms génériques des espèces du genre Dicrostonyx mais qui désignent souvent cette espèce.

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Groenlandse halsbandlemming ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Groenlandse halsbandlemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Traill in 1823.

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06-08-2012
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Obrożnik grenlandzki ( Polish )

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Obrożnik grenlandzki[3] (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) – ssak z rodziny chomikowatych występujący na Alasce, w północnej Kanadzie, Grenlandii, a także na Wyspie Wrangla i Wyspie Świętego Wawrzyńca.

Wygląd

Wielkość ciała 10–16 cm, waga 30–112 g. Ciało pokryte gęstym futrem, w lecie szaro-rudawe, ciemno paskowane, w zimie białe. Przednie łapy przystosowane do kopania w śniegu. Cechą charakterystyczną, odróżniającą zwierzę od innych przedstawicieli swojego rodzaju są małe, ostre siekacze i bardzo małe tylne łapy.

Tryb życia

Żyją głównie w norach, latem drążonych w ziemi, zimą w śniegu. Są roślinożerne – żywią się pąkami, kwiatami, owocami, gałązkami, trawą, mchem, a także grzybami.

Rozmnażanie

Sezon godowy trwa od stycznia do września, samica wydaje w tym czasie kilka miotów. Ciąża trwa ok. 20 dni, liczba młodych w miocie waha się od jednego do jedenastu. Młode są karmione mlekiem przez 15–20 dni. Zwierzęta osiągają dojrzałość płciową już w wieku 85 dni. Na wolności rzadko żyją powyżej jednego roku.

Przypisy

  1. Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Dicrostonyx groenlandicus. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2015, s. 297. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.

Bibliografia

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Obrożnik grenlandzki: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Obrożnik grenlandzki (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) – ssak z rodziny chomikowatych występujący na Alasce, w północnej Kanadzie, Grenlandii, a także na Wyspie Wrangla i Wyspie Świętego Wawrzyńca.

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Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak ( Portuguese )

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Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak é uma espécie de roedor da família Cricetidae.

Apenas pode ser encontrada no Canadá.

Referências

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Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak é uma espécie de roedor da família Cricetidae.

Apenas pode ser encontrada no Canadá.

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ( Swedish )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Traill 1823. Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ingår i släktet halsbandslämlar, och familjen hamsterartade gnagare.[9][10] Inga underarter finns listade.[9]

Utseende

Arten blir 100 till 157 mm lång (huvud och bål), har en 10 till 20 mm lång svans och väger 30 till 112 g. Före vintern kan en individ väga nästan dubbelt så mycket som under sommaren. Dicrostonyx groenlandicus har under årets varma månader en mörkgrå päls med ljusbruna eller rödbruna skuggor. Kännetecknande är mörka längs- eller tvärgående strimmor på ryggen och på huvudet av varierande längd. Ibland finns bara en mörk längsgående linje på ryggens topp. Före vintern får arten en helvit päls liksom andra medlemmar av släktet halsbandslämlar. Dessutom växer delade klor vid framtassarna med två spetsar liksom en gaffel. Andra särdrag som skiljer arten från andra halsbandslämlar är en smalare nos, smalare och rakare framtänder samt kortare bakfötter.[11]

Utbredning och habitat

Denna halsbandslämmel förekommer i ArktisGrönland samt i norra Kanada och norra Alaska. Under sommaren uppsöker den torra kulliga områden som ofta har klippor och under vintern vistas arten på snötäckta ängar.[1]

Ekologi

Arten gräver tunnlar ovanför permafrosten eller under vintern i snön.[1] Boet består vanligen av en enkel gång som kan vara upp till 6 meter lång med en diameter av 20 cm. Vid tunnelns slut finns en kammare som fodras med gräs. Dicrostonyx groenlandicus äter beroende på årstid gräs, kvistar, blommor, frukter och knopp. Individer i fångenskap matades framgångsrik med svampar och mossa. På grund av tändernas utformning antas att arten kompletterar födan med insekter men uppgiften behöver bekräftelse.[11][12]

I naturen har honor vanligen två eller tre kullar mellan januari och september. Dräktigheten varar 19 till 21 dagar och sedan föds 1 till 11 ungar. Ungarna väger vid födelsen i genomsnitt 3,8 g och de diar sin mor 15 till 20 dagar. Könsmognaden infaller i genomsnitt efter 40 dagar för honor samt efter 85 dagar för hanar.[11] Enligt en annan källa är medelvärde för antalet kullar per år 8,5 och för antalet ungar per kull 3,4.[13] Liksom hos andra lämlar varierar beståndet mycket under olika år.[11]

Några exemplar kan leva 3,3 år i fångenskap. I naturen lever de sällan längre än ett år.[11]

Status

Dicrostonyx groenlandicus har många naturliga fiender som ugglor, hökfåglar, måsfåglar, rävar, vargar, järv eller polarbjörn. Vinterpälsen används av inuiter för att smycka kläder.[11]

Betraktad över hela utbredningsområdet finns inga allvarliga hot för populationen. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e] 2008 Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. (1999) , The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
  6. ^ (2005) , website Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, Mammal Species of the World
  7. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  8. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  9. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (14 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/dicrostonyx+groenlandicus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  10. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  11. ^ [a b c d e f] Tara Poloskey (14 april 2000). ”Bering collared lemming” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dicrostonyx_groenlandicus/. Läst 14 oktober 2016.
  12. ^ Nearctic Collared Lemming Arkiverad 30 juli 2016 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., Smithsonian Institution, läst 14 oktober 2016.
  13. ^ Collared Lemming, The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database

Externa länkar

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Traill 1823. Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ingår i släktet halsbandslämlar, och familjen hamsterartade gnagare. Inga underarter finns listade.

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ( Ukrainian )

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Фізичні характеристики

Довжина голови та тіла 100–157 мм мм, хвоста — 10–20 мм; і вага — 30–112 грам. Має коротке кремезне тіло, вкрите густою шерстю сірого кольору з тонкою чорною смугою вздовж спини і світло-сірим низом. Має невеликі вуха, короткі ноги й дуже короткий хвіст. Має блідо-коричневий комірець на грудях. Узимку хутро стає білим. Має великі копальні кігті на передніх лапах.

Проживання

Країни проживання: Канада (Північно-Західні території, Нунавут, Юкон); Ґренландія, США (Аляска). Займає високі, сухі, скелясті райони влітку і нижні луки взимку.

Поведінка

Риє шляхи під снігом і тунельні системи аж до рівня вічної мерзлоти, хоча тварина також уміє плавати. Ці лемінги активні цілий рік, і вдень і вночі. Вони живляться рослинним матеріалом. Хижаки: сова біла, мартинові, росомаха, песець, ведмідь білий.

Загрози та охорона

Немає відомих загроз для цього виду. У Північній Америці є багато природоохоронних територій, з якими перекривається ареал цього виду.

Джерела

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus ( Vietnamese )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Traill mô tả năm 1823.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Linzey, A.V. & NatureServe (Hammerson, G.) (2008). Dicrostonyx groenlandicus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 5 năm 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Dicrostonyx groenlandicus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ gặm nhấm Cricetidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Dicrostonyx groenlandicus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Traill mô tả năm 1823.

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북부목걸이레밍 ( Korean )

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북부목걸이레밍 또는 신북구목걸이레밍(Dicrostonyx groenlandicus)은 비단털쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 캐나다에서 피어리랜드목걸이레밍으로도 불리는 작은 북아메리카 레밍이다. 한때 북극레밍의 아종으로 간주되었다. 일부는 북아메리카에서 발견되는 여러 종의 목걸이레밍을 실제로는 북부목걸이레밍의 아종으로 간주하기도 한다.[1]

각주

  1. Cassola, F. (2016). Dicrostonyx groenlandicus. 《IUCN 적색 목록》 (IUCN). 2016 (errata version published in 2017): e.T42618A115195764. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42618A22331908.en. 2017년 8월 5일에 확인함.
  2. Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). 〈Superfamily Muroidea〉 [쥐상과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 971–972쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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