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Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb. fil.) A. Bolòs

Ophrys incubacea ( Asturian )

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Ophrys incubacea Bianca 1842, ye una especie d'orquídea terrestre perteneciente a la familia de les orquidacees.

Distribución y Hábitat

Alcuéntrase en Portugal, España, Islles Baleares, Francia, Córcega, Cerdeña, Sicilia, Italia, Yugoslavia y Albania pacionales, praderíes, garrigues, carbaes y montes abiertos n'altores d'hasta 1300 msnm[1]

Descripción

Ophrys incubacea puede reconocese fácilmente porque'l labelo de les flores ye peludo y escuru, y tien nel centru unes llinies blanques con forma de H. Vive, como les otres especies de Ophrys, nes escamplaes de carbaes y pinares. Floria nel mes de marzu y abril.

Sinonimia

  • Ophrys sphegifera Willd. Basónimu (Publicáu per vegada primera en Species Plantarum. Cuarta Edición 1805 )
  • Ophrys atrata Lindl. (1836) (Basionymum)
  • Ophrys aranifera var. atrata Rchb.f. (1851)
  • Arachnites atrata (Rchb.f.) Tod. (1886)
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb.f.) Y. Mayer (1952)
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb.f.) Malag. (1977)

Nome común

  • Corsu: Ufridi niriccia
  • Alemán: Schwarze Ragwurz
  • Francés: Ophrys noir

Referencies

  1. Datos en Herbarivirtual

Enllaces esternos

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Ophrys incubacea: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Ophrys incubacea Bianca 1842, ye una especie d'orquídea terrestre perteneciente a la familia de les orquidacees.

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Schwarze Ragwurz ( German )

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Die Orchidee Schwarze Ragwurz (Ophrys incubacea Bianca ist eine Art der Gattung Ragwurzen (Ophrys) und damit der Familie der Orchideen. Sie hat optisch Ähnlichkeiten mit der Siponto-Ragwurz (Ophrys sipontensis) und blüht von März bis Mai. Nach manchen Autoren wird sie als Unterart eingestuft: Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb.f.) A.Bolòs (Syn.: Ophrys aranifera var. atrata Rchb.f.).[1]

Merkmale

Diese mehrjährige krautige Pflanze erreicht Wuchshöhen von normalerweise 20 bis 40, manchmal aber auch bis 60 cm. Der Blütenstand umfasst drei bis acht Blüten. Die Kelchblätter sind grün, selten auch rosa, gefärbt. Die seitlichen Kronblätter sind grün oder rötlich überlaufen. Am Rand wellen sich diese kahlen Blätter. Die Lippe ist in einem Ton zwischen dunkelrotbraun und schwarzbraun oder schwarz-violett gefärbt.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 36.[2]

Ökologie

Als Bestäuber wurde die Biene Andrea morio beobachtet.[3]

Standort und Verbreitung

Man findet diese Art in lichten Wäldern, Garriguen und auf Magerrasen bis zu einer Höhe von 1300 Metern NN im westlichen und zentralen Mittelmeergebiet.

Systematik

Man kann zwei Unterarten unterscheiden:

  • Westliche Schwarze Ragwurz (Ophrys incubacea subsp. castri-caesaris Looken): Sie kommt auf der Iberischen Halbinsel, auf den Balearen, in Südfrankreich und im westlichen Ligurien in Höhenlagen zwischen 50 und 1150 Metern Meereshöhe vor.[3]
  • Schwarze Ragwurz (Ophrys incubacea Bianca subsp. incubacea; Syn.: Ophrys atrata Lindl. nom. illeg.): Sie kommt von Portugal bis Süditalien, in Istrien und Dalmatien in Höhenlagen zwischen 0 und 1300 Metern Meereshöhe vor.[3]

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Ophrys incubacea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 13. Mai 2020.
  2. Tropicos. [1]
  3. a b c Helmut Baumann, Siegfried Künkele und Richard Lorenz: Orchideen Europas mit angrenzenden Gebieten. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006, Seite 170.
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Schwarze Ragwurz: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Orchidee Schwarze Ragwurz (Ophrys incubacea Bianca ist eine Art der Gattung Ragwurzen (Ophrys) und damit der Familie der Orchideen. Sie hat optisch Ähnlichkeiten mit der Siponto-Ragwurz (Ophrys sipontensis) und blüht von März bis Mai. Nach manchen Autoren wird sie als Unterart eingestuft: Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb.f.) A.Bolòs (Syn.: Ophrys aranifera var. atrata Rchb.f.).

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Ufridi neru ( Corsican )

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L' Ufridi neru (o Ofride neru) (Ophrys incubacea) hè un fiori chì faci parti di a famiglia di l'orchidaceae. L' Ufridi neru fiurisci d'aprili o di maghju. Hè prisenti in i paesi di l'area euru-mediterrania, è u so ariali si stendi da u Portugallu sin'à l'Albania. Hè prisenti in Corsica, in Sicilia è in Sardegna. L'ufridi neru si trova in i prata, in arba, sin'à 1000 metri. 'Ssu fiori hè cunsidaratu com'è raru à u liveddu europeu.

L'ufridi neru hè altu 20-50 cm. U picciolu hè drittu. U culori di i sepali hè verdi chjaru. U fiori si cumponi di trè sepali, di petali è di un labeddu. I sepali sò verdi è i petali sò verdi-giaddicci o ancu bruni. U labeddu hè brunu scuru. Hè abbastanza largu, viddutosu o ancu pilosu. U labeddu hà ancu una tacca carattaristica grisgiu-turchiniccia, chì hà a forma di un'acca.

Parechji sinonimi di Ophrys incubacea sò:

 src=
U fiori di l'ufridi neru

In Corsica

L'ufridi neru hè prisenti in Corsica. Hè un fiori cumunu da u liveddu di u mari insin'à 1000 metri. Si trova à spessu in i prata o in a machja. Fiurisci d'aprili. Accadi di i volti ch'eddu ci fussi una culonia impurtanta d'ufridi neri.

Prutizzioni

Com'è tutti l'urchidei, l'ufridi neru hè prutettu da a cunvinzioni internaziunali di Washington (CITES) chì intardisci u cummerciu di i spezii di fauna è di flora minacciati di sparizioni.

Da vede dinò

Rifarenzi

  • Gamisans, J. & Jeanmonod, J. (1993) Catalogu di i pianti vascularii di Corsica - Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Corse, Consirvatoriu è giardinu botanicu di a cità di Geneva
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Ufridi neru: Brief Summary ( Corsican )

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L' Ufridi neru (o Ofride neru) (Ophrys incubacea) hè un fiori chì faci parti di a famiglia di l'orchidaceae. L' Ufridi neru fiurisci d'aprili o di maghju. Hè prisenti in i paesi di l'area euru-mediterrania, è u so ariali si stendi da u Portugallu sin'à l'Albania. Hè prisenti in Corsica, in Sicilia è in Sardegna. L'ufridi neru si trova in i prata, in arba, sin'à 1000 metri. 'Ssu fiori hè cunsidaratu com'è raru à u liveddu europeu.

L'ufridi neru hè altu 20-50 cm. U picciolu hè drittu. U culori di i sepali hè verdi chjaru. U fiori si cumponi di trè sepali, di petali è di un labeddu. I sepali sò verdi è i petali sò verdi-giaddicci o ancu bruni. U labeddu hè brunu scuru. Hè abbastanza largu, viddutosu o ancu pilosu. U labeddu hà ancu una tacca carattaristica grisgiu-turchiniccia, chì hà a forma di un'acca.

Parechji sinonimi di Ophrys incubacea sò:

Ophrys sphegodes atrata Ophrys atrata  src= U fiori di l'ufridi neru
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Ophrys incubacea

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Ophrys sphegodes, commonly known as the early spider-orchid,[2] is a species of sexually-deceptive orchid native to Europe and the Middle East. It is a very varied species with many subspecies recognised.

Description

Plant height varies with latitude. In the UK the maximum height is around 20 cm, but around the Mediterranean a height of 70 cm may be reached.[3] Flowers March–May[3] (April–May in northern latitudes). Each shoot may carry between 2 and 18 flowers. The flowers have yellow-green sepals and a velvety red-brown labellum with a distinctive silvery-blue H marking so that the flowers much resemble an arthropod and especially a spider.

Similar to Ophrys fuciflora and Ophrys apifera but flowers differ in that late spider orchid and bee orchid have much smaller petals than sepals; in early spider orchid petals and sepals are a similar size. They are also distinguished by patches of colour on the labellum; late spider orchid has a yellow point at the centre of the distal end of the labellum, while bee orchid has a red patch at the proximal end of the labellum.

Distribution and habitat

Found on unimproved alkaline meadows, woodland edges,[3] as well as slopes, banks[4] and waste land. It is widespread across most of Europe and the middle East from Britain south to Portugal and east to Iran.[1]

In Britain, it is restricted to parts of Dorset, Hampshire, Kent and Sussex and is regarded as rare although where it is found it may be in stands of many hundreds of plants. It is classified as a British Red Data Book plant. Despite its apparent vulnerability, it has very successfully colonised the chalk spoil dumping grounds created near Dover at Samphire Hoe from the excavations of the Channel Tunnel. Worldwide, the IUCN conservation status of this species is least concern as of 2018.[5]

Ecology

In the UK Ophrys sphegodes is pollinated by the miner bee Andrena nigroaenea,[6] a polylectic pollinator (i.e. one that visits many different species of flower), a bee species which requires dry sandy soils.[7] Different subspecies have evolved to attract different pollinators.[3]

This orchid species is able to form symbiotic relationships with a range of species of mycorrhizal fungi.[8]

Taxonomy

Ophrys comes from the Ancient Greek for eyebrow, perhaps a reference to the velvety brown appearance of the labellum. Sphegodes comes from the Ancient Greek for wasp-like.[9][10] This species was formerly called O. aranifera, meaning spider-carrying.

The genus Ophrys is the most species-rich (i.e. diverse) genus of orchids in Europe and the Mediterranean with over 200 species, according to 'Orchids of Britain and Europe' by Pierre Delforge.

Subspecies

Many subspecific and varietal names have been proposed. At the present time (May 2014), the following are recognized, one of them apparently originating as a hybrid between two of the others:[1]

  • Ophrys sphegodes nothosubsp. jeanpertii (E.G.Camus) Del Prete & Conte - France, Spain, Balkans (O. sphegodes subsp. araneola × O. sphegodes subsp. sphegodes)
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. aesculapii (Renz) Soó ex J.J.Wood - Greece
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. araneola (Rchb.) M.Laínz - Germany, Switzerland, France, Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb.f.) A.Bolòs - from Portugal to Serbia
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. aveyronensis J.J.Wood - France, Spain
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. catalcana Kreutz - European Turkey
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. cretensis H.Baumann & Künkele - Crete and other Greek islands
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. epirotica (Renz) Gölz & H.R.Reinhard - Albania, Greece
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. gortynia H.Baumann & Künkele - Crete and other Greek islands
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. helenae (Renz) Soó & D.M.Moore - Albania, Greece
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. mammosa (Desf.) Soó ex E.Nelson - from the Balkans to Turkmenistan
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. melitensis (Nyman) E.Nelson - the Maltese islands
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. passionis (Sennen) Sanz & Nuet - France, Spain, Sardinia, Sicily, mainland Italy
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sipontensis (R.Lorenz & Gembardt) H.A.Pedersen & Faurh. - Puglia
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sphegodes - from Britain and Spain to Hungary and the Balkans
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. spruneri (Nyman) E.Nelson - Crete and other Greek islands

Photo gallery

References

  1. ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  3. ^ a b c d First Nature - Ophrys sphegodes
  4. ^ Plants for a Future - Ophrys sphegodes
  5. ^ European Environment Agency - Ophrys sphegodes Mill.
  6. ^ Barkham, Patrick (2018-04-05). "Climate change threatens rare British orchid that tricks bees into mating". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  7. ^ NatureSpot. "Andrena nigroaenea". www.naturespot.org.uk. Retrieved 2023-04-21.Nature Spot - Andrena nigroaenea]
  8. ^ Jacquemyn, Hans; Brys, Rein; Waud, Michael; Busschaert, Pieter; Lievens, Bart (May 2015). "Mycorrhizal networks and coexistence in species‐rich orchid communities". New Phytologist. 206 (3): 1127–1134. doi:10.1111/nph.13281. ISSN 0028-646X.
  9. ^ The Orchid Hunter - A Young Botanist's Search for Happiness
  10. ^ The Names of Plants
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Ophrys incubacea: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Ophrys sphegodes, commonly known as the early spider-orchid, is a species of sexually-deceptive orchid native to Europe and the Middle East. It is a very varied species with many subspecies recognised.

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Ophrys incubacea ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Ophrys incubacea Bianca 1842 es una especie de orquídea terrestre de la familia de las orquidáceas.

Distribución y Hábitat

Se encuentra en Portugal, España, islas Baleares, Francia, Córcega, Cerdeña, Sicilia, Italia, Yugoslavia y Albania pastizales, praderas, garrigas, matorrales y bosques abiertos en alturas de hasta 1300 msnm[1]

Descripción

Ophrys incubacea se puede reconocer fácilmente porque el labelo de las flores es peludo y oscuro, y tiene en el centro unas líneas violáceas con forma de H. Vive, como las otras especies de Ophrys, en los claros de matorrales y pinares. Florece en el mes de marzo y abril.

Sinonimia

  • Ophrys sphegifera Willd. Basónimo (Publicado por vez primera en Species Plantarum. Cuarta Edición 1805 )
  • Ophrys atrata Lindl. (1836) (Basionymum)
  • Ophrys aranifera var. atrata Rchb.f. (1851)
  • Arachnites atrata (Rchb.f.) Tod. (1886)
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb.f.) E. Mayer (1952)
  • Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata (Rchb.f.) Malag. (1977)

Nombres comunes

  • Corso: Ufridi niriccia
  • Alemán: Schwarze Ragwurz
  • Francés: Ophrys noir

Referencias

  1. Datos en Herbarivirtual

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Ophrys incubacea: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Ophrys incubacea Bianca 1842 es una especie de orquídea terrestre de la familia de las orquidáceas.

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Ophrys noir ( French )

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Ophrys incubacea

 src=
Ophrys incubacea

L'Ophrys noir (Ophrys incubacea) est une orchidée terrestre européenne du groupe d'Ophrys sphegodes.

C'est une orchidée méditerranéenne que l'on rencontre du Portugal à l'Albanie.

Autres espèces du groupe

Notes et références

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Ophrys noir: Brief Summary ( French )

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Ophrys incubacea

 src= Ophrys incubacea

L'Ophrys noir (Ophrys incubacea) est une orchidée terrestre européenne du groupe d'Ophrys sphegodes.

C'est une orchidée méditerranéenne que l'on rencontre du Portugal à l'Albanie.

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