Holm Oak

Quercus ilex L.

are parasitized by

• Global Biotic Interactions: Bat SARS-like coronavirus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai 1899
• Global Biotic Interactions: Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai 1899
• Global Biotic Interactions: Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000
• Global Biotic Interactions: Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai 1899
• Global Biotic Interactions: Eusandalum seyrigi (Bolivar & Pieltain 1926)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Anagrus lindberginae
• Global Biotic Interactions: Sycophila binotata (Fonscolombe 1832)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Eupelmus seculatus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Ooencyrtus erdoesi
• Global Biotic Interactions: Aulogymnus bicolor
• Global Biotic Interactions: Aprostocetus fusificola
• Global Biotic Interactions: Metaphycus hispanicus (Mercet 1921)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Ufensia foersteri (Kryger 1919)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Metaphycus gennaroi Guerrieri & Noyes 2000
• Global Biotic Interactions: Epoligosita vera Viggiani 1969
• Global Biotic Interactions: Metaphycus asterolecanii (Mercet 1923)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Encarsia aleuroilicis Viggiani 1982
• Global Biotic Interactions: Cecidostiba ilicina Nieves Aldrey & Askew 1988
• Global Biotic Interactions: Achrysocharoides parva (Delucchi 1956)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Cecidostiba atra Askew 1975
• Global Biotic Interactions: Chrysocharis prodice (Walker 1839)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Microterys dichrous (Mercet 1921)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Torymus interruptus Gijswijt 2000
• Global Biotic Interactions: Pediobius rotundatus (Fonscolombe 1832)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Blastothrix ilicicola Mercet 1921
• Global Biotic Interactions: Encyrtus infidus (Rossi 1790)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M. E. Barr 1978 (Chestnut blight)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M. E. Barr 1978 (Chestnut blight)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Metaphycus hirtipennis (Mercet 1921)