अम्रिसो वा अम्लिसो (English: Tiger grass, Nepalese Broom Grass, Broom Grass, Broom stick) लामो डाँठ हुने एक प्रकारको घाँस हो। यो नेपालको मध्य तथा पूर्वी पहाडी भेगमा प्रसस्त रूपमा पाइन्छ। यो फुल्दा त्यसको माथिबाट कुचो निस्कन्छ। ताप्लेजुङ, इलाम, पाँचथर, तेह्रथुम, धनकुटा, आदि स्थानमा कुचो कृषकहरूको मुख्य आमदानीको एक श्रोत मध्ये पर्दछ। नेपालमा उत्पादित कुचो देशका विभिन्न शहरका अतिरिक्त भारतमा समेत निकासी गरिन्छ।
अम्रिसो वा अम्लिसो (English: Tiger grass, Nepalese Broom Grass, Broom Grass, Broom stick) लामो डाँठ हुने एक प्रकारको घाँस हो। यो नेपालको मध्य तथा पूर्वी पहाडी भेगमा प्रसस्त रूपमा पाइन्छ। यो फुल्दा त्यसको माथिबाट कुचो निस्कन्छ। ताप्लेजुङ, इलाम, पाँचथर, तेह्रथुम, धनकुटा, आदि स्थानमा कुचो कृषकहरूको मुख्य आमदानीको एक श्रोत मध्ये पर्दछ। नेपालमा उत्पादित कुचो देशका विभिन्न शहरका अतिरिक्त भारतमा समेत निकासी गरिन्छ।
Thysanolaena is a genus of plants in the grass family, the only genus in the tribe Thysanolaeneae.[3][4][5][1][6] Its only recognized species is Thysanolaena latifolia (formerly Thysanolaena maxima), native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan), India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is also naturalized in Mauritius, Seychelles, Gambia, Tanzania, Hawaii, California, the West Indies and Brazil.[1][2][7][8] Tiger grass, Nepalese broom grass, broom grass, broom stick are common names for this plant, in Nepali amliso and jharu in Assamese .[9][10] The flowers of this plant are used as cleaning tool or broom, which is known as kuchcho in Nepali and jhadu (phool jhadu) in Hindi.
It is found growing along steep hills, sandy banks of rivers and damp steep banks along ravines. It is widely distributed throughout Nepal but only up to an altitude of 2000 metres.[10] The grass can be grown on severely degraded and marginal lands.[11] Broom grass tends to grow in tussocks, with 4-5 tussocks in a 100-metre radius and is harvested during the winter seasons between January and March.[10]
Tiger grass is another common name for this plant throughout the tropics where it is grown as an ornamental. It may be used to create the effect of bamboo, which it resembles. Although both are grasses (Family Poaceae), bamboos are in the subfamily Bambusoideae, while T. latifolia is in the subfamily Panicoideae.
In order to grow broom grass the slips in the planting site must be clear of weeds and debris.[10] Planting the broom grass slips in fertile soil ensures the best yield.[10] It is usually planted at the beginning of monsoon season during the months of May to June as the soil has the best moisture for plant genesis.[10] One month before planting pits of 30m cubed are dug up and left for weathering.[10] On hilly land the pits should be placed about 1.5 x 2m apart along the contour lines or trace bunds, while on fertile land the best spacing is 2.5m x 2.5m.[10] Farm yard manure and 10% BHC fertilizer at 10 grams per pit are mixed into the pits before planting the seeds.[10] The plant becomes rather low maintenance after planting.[10] The plant requires to be weeded 3-4 times in the first year and annually in the following years.[11] Manure can be applied to the soil during the second weeding to provide the best yields in the first year.[11] The pits need to be fenced off to protect the plants from grazing.[11]
The mature panicles which turn light green or red are harvested in the winter season from January to March.[11] The timing of the harvest is essential as if the plant is harvested prematurely (5–7 days) their production declines, while if it harvested late it will begin to wilt.[11] The panicles are either harvested by cutting above the soil separating the panicle for stem or pulling the panicles out by hand.[10] It is important to make sure the young sprouts are not damaged or the plants uprooted during harvest.[11] The yield will be the lowest in the first and fifth year with the highest in the third.[11]
Broom grass is a significant source of income for subsistence communities, primarily for the women who collect it to manufacture and sell them as brooms across Nepal.[12] In addition to providing cash income when sold as brooms the plant provides a variety of uses to the farmers such as, the leaves provide green forage for livestock, the roots promote soil conservation, and the dried up stems can be used as stakes to support growing vegetables.[12] Broom grass has had a direct impact in preventing frequent landslides, helping retain ground moisture and fertility, and improving soil quality by reducing soil erosion.[12] Broom grass has the ability to crowd out invasive species when intercropped and is beneficial in retaining soil nutrients to regrow vegetation.[12] The grass also possesses numerous medicinal properties that are essential in subsistence communities.[11]
The planting of Nepalese broom grass has a direct impact on preventing surface soil erosion on steep hillsides.[13] Broom grass grows in clumps and has many tangled up roots that grow to about one metre below the ground.[13] This makes it highly effective in preventing soil erosion on hillsides as the grass is less likely to fall compared to other plants and trees that would have been planted there.[13] The roots and leaves of the plant slow down water drops and the flow of water after heavy rain by absorbing the water in the soil.[13] Growing broom grass on degraded land has been proven to help rehabilitate it as it helps retain ground moisture and promote fertility.[11] There is no irrigation required to grow the grass and it does not produce any wastewater.[11] No external inputs or energy is needed to grow the plant as it only requires human labour, which can be extensive in the first year of growing.[11] Broom grass farming is highly recommended in new shifting cultivation systems on marginal lands to repair the damage from previous slash and burn methods.[11]
The start of Nepalese farmers growing broom grass has increased the local biodiversity in the communities. Now that the farmers have to tie up their livestock since they feed on the broom grass, other plant species in the area can successfully regrow and multiply.[13] Broom grass that have been planted in areas where slash and burn cultivation took place has caused tree stumps to grow branches and other vegetation to grow back.[13] Endangered animals such as the Barking Deer and Monkey are now reappearing in the infertile slash and burn areas where they once lived, as the broom grass used to rehabilitate the soil helps promote the growth of other vegetation the animals use for food.[13] Broom grass does not compete for land with cereal crops so they can be grown simultaneously.[11]
The farming of broom grass has had a sincere impact on the women in the communities. It has helped women become more empowered by raising their financial status and lessening the burden of other tasks.[13] Females in the communities perform 70 percent of the labour required for the cultivation and manufacturing of the brooms.[11] Women’s efforts to promote broom grass farming has been very important as they have started pressuring males of the family to grow the plant after seeing the income potential it has.[13] Women carry the responsibility of the tedious tasks of collecting firewood for cooking and fodder for animals, which can be eliminated with broom grass as the plants stocks provide firewood and the leaves provide fodder.[13] Even though women have the added task of harvesting broom grass, it is much preferred over searching for firewood and fodder.[13]
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Thysanolaena is a genus of plants in the grass family, the only genus in the tribe Thysanolaeneae. Its only recognized species is Thysanolaena latifolia (formerly Thysanolaena maxima), native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan), India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is also naturalized in Mauritius, Seychelles, Gambia, Tanzania, Hawaii, California, the West Indies and Brazil. Tiger grass, Nepalese broom grass, broom grass, broom stick are common names for this plant, in Nepali amliso and jharu in Assamese . The flowers of this plant are used as cleaning tool or broom, which is known as kuchcho in Nepali and jhadu (phool jhadu) in Hindi.
Thysanolaena, es un género monotípico de plantas herbáceas perteneciente a la familia de las poáceas.[1] La única especies es Thysanolaena latifolia. Es originaria de Asia tropical.
Son plantas perennes con pelo insertado; culmos rojizos de 150-400 cm de altura; leñosas y persistentes; ramificadas arriba (arbustiva). Entrenudos de los culmos sólidos. Las hojas lanceoladas (acuminadas), algo coriáceas ; amplias; de 40-70 mm de ancho (hasta 60 cm de largo); algo cordadas (amplexicaules) ; planas; pseudopecioladas. Lígula con una membrana con flecos (minuciosamente ciliolada); truncada (cartilaginosa). Contra-lígula presente. Plantas bisexuales, con espiguillas bisexuales ; con flores hermafroditas. La inflorescencia paniculada (grande, con numerosas espiguillas diminutas).
Thysanolaena latifolia fue descrita por (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda y publicado en Journal of the Faculty of Science: University of Tokyo, Section 3, Botany 3(1): 312–313. 1930.[2]
Thysanolaena: nombre genérico que deriva del griego thysanos = (franja) y chlaina = (capa), refiriéndose a un lema superior con flecos.
latifolia: epíteto latino que significa "con hojas grandes".[3]
El número cromosómico básico es x = 11, o 12 (?).[1]
Thysanolaena, es un género monotípico de plantas herbáceas perteneciente a la familia de las poáceas. La única especies es Thysanolaena latifolia. Es originaria de Asia tropical.
Thysanolaena latifolia (bambou à balais, herbe tigre[2], ou herbe à balais[3]) est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Poaceae, sous-famille des Panicoideae, originaire d'Asie tropicale.
C'est la seule espèce rattachée au genre Thysanolaena (genre monotypique), unique genre de la tribu des Thysanolaeneae.
Ses inflorescences en panicules sont récoltées dans plusieurs pays d'Asie pour produire des balais.
Thysanolaena latifolia est une plante herbacée vivace aux tiges robustes, aux entrenœuds pleins, qui ressemblent à celles des bambous, mais non ramifiées, dressées, souvent arquées, pouvant atteindre de 2 à 4 m de haut[5]. La gaine foliaire est velue le long du bord externe. La ligule est constituée d'une membrane scarieuse de 1,2 mm de haut. Le limbe foliaire, de forme lancéolée-acuminée, à la base large et arrondie ou subcordée, mesure de 30 à 65 cm de long sur 3 à 7,5 cm de large.
L'inflorescence est une panicule terminale, de grande taille, jusqu'à 1,4 m de long, retombante, très ramifiée. Les épillets, solitaires ou disposés par paires, sont constitués de deux fleurons, un fleuron basal stérile et un fleuron fertile, le rachillet présentant une extension nue au dessus du fleuron fertile. Ils sont lancéolés, comprimés latéralement et mesurent de 1,5 à 2 mm de long. A maturité, Lors de la désarticulation, les épillets se détachent en entier, avec le pédicelle. sans arêtes, sont souvent portés par paires par un pédicelle commun. Les glumes, de longueur sensiblement égales, membraneuses et non carénées, sont plus courtes que l'épillet, mesurant 0,65 mm de long pour la glume inférieure et 0,70 mm pour la glume supérieure. Les fleurons fertiles comptent 2 lodicules, 2 anthères de 0,6 à 1 mm de long, 2 stigmates et un ovaire glabre. La lemme, membraneuse, de 1,4 mm de long, a les bords ciliés[5]. Le fruit est un caryopse subglobuleux à ovoïde, de 0,6 mm de long, à péricarpe adhérent, de couleur brun rougeâtre[6].
Jeunes plantes avant floraison.
Base des limbes foliaires à la jonction avec la gaine.
Limbes foliaires et panicules émergentes.
Insertion des feuilles sur la tiges (feuilles alternes distiques).
Plantes fleuries avec panicules retombantes.
L'aire de répartition originelle de Thysanolaena latifolia comprend la Chine (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan), Taïwan, le Bangladesh, le Bhoutan, le Cambodge, l'Inde, l'Indonésie, le Laos, la Malaisie, la Birmanie, le Népal, la Nouvelle-Guinée, les Philippines, le Sri Lanka, la Thaïlande et le Viêt Nam. L'espèce s'est naturalisée dans diverses régions de climat chaud : Île Maurice, Seychelles, Gambie, Tanzanie, Hawaï, Californie, Antilles et Brésil[7],[8],[9],[10]. Elle a également été signalée dans le Queensland (Australie), où elle est considérée comme une mauvaise herbe[11].
La plante se plait dans des habitats variés, ouverts ou légèrement ombragés (pas en plein soleil), dans les collines et vallées à des altitudes variant de 150 à 2000 mètres. On la rencontre dans les ravins, parmi les rochers, dans les fourrés, les marges forestières, les prairies ouvertes et les berges des rivières, solitairement ou en petits groupes, habituellement en association avec des arbres (souvent dans les forêts de bambous)[12],[13].
Selon Catalogue of Life (31 décembre 2016)[14] :
Thysanolaena latifolia est une plante utilitaire qui fait partie des produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL) exploités dans l'artisanat traditionnel de divers pays du Sud et du Sud-Est de l'Asie. C'est le cas par exemple en Inde dans l'Andhra Pradesh[15] et l'Assam[16]. Plusieurs parties de la plante ont un intérêt économique, principalement les panicules, mais aussi les feuilles comme fourrage, les tiges comme matière première pour la fabrication de papier ou la construction d'habitations, tandis que la plante entière peut être plantée pour lutter contre l'érosion des sols et stabiliser les pentes[15].
Les inflorescences (panicules), récoltées après la floraison, sont utilisées, notamment aux Philippines, pour fabriquer des balais légers, à usage domestique, très utilisés dans ce pays pour balayer les parquets polis caractéristique des meilleures maisons. Les panicules sont récoltées à semi-maturité et mise à sécher au soleil sur des claies de bambous[16]. Les poignées des balais peuvent se faire à l'aide des tiges florales entrelacées ou liées entre elles, les panicules étant disposées en éventail pour former le balai lui-même. Très efficaces, ces balais sont plus durables, mais aussi plus chers que ceux faits avec des roseaux (Phragmites)[13].
Les jeunes feuilles et l'extrémité des tiges sont utilisées, notamment dans les régions à faibles ressources fourragères, comme fourrage pour l'alimentation des bovins, des buffles et des éléphants[15],[6].
La plante est aussi utilisée comme plante ornementale, notamment pour constituer des haies[6].
Cette espèce est utilisée dans la médecine traditionnelle indienne (Ayurveda) pour soigner diverses affections. La plante entière est hypotensive et antispasmodique. Les feuilles pilées avec celle de Litsea lancifolia donnent une pâte utilisée contre la dysenterie. Les graines réduites en poudre sont données aux femmes pour faciliter l'accouchement, cette farine est un contraceptif et abortif. Les racines en décoction, ou en pâte, sont utilisées contre la fièvre, pour déclencher l'avortement et pour traiter les oreillons, les ulcères, les furoncles et des abcès. En médecine vétérinaire, les racines servent à lutter contre les vers des bovins[17].
Thysanolaena latifolia (bambou à balais, herbe tigre, ou herbe à balais) est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Poaceae, sous-famille des Panicoideae, originaire d'Asie tropicale.
C'est la seule espèce rattachée au genre Thysanolaena (genre monotypique), unique genre de la tribu des Thysanolaeneae.
Ses inflorescences en panicules sont récoltées dans plusieurs pays d'Asie pour produire des balais.
Étymologie Le nom générique « Thysanolaena » dérive des racines grecques thysanos (θυσάνος), « frange », et laina (λαΐνα), « cape », en référence aux bractées frangées (lemmes) de l'inflorescence.Rumput awis atau rumput buluh (Thysanolaena latifolia) adalah sejenis rumput besar, anggota dari suku padi-padian. Menyebar luas di wilayah India, Indochina, Nusantara, hingga Tiongkok selatan dan Pasifik; tangkai bunganya dikumpulkan dan dimanfaatkan orang untuk membuat sapu. Rumput ini dikenal pula dengan berbagai nama daerah seperti awis, kaso beurit, tamiang balu, tangtang angin (Sd.); menjalin wuwu (Jw.); lantebung, tabu popo (Mak.); dan lolo (Gal., Ternate).[5] Dalam bahasa Inggris rumput ini disebut tiger grass.
Rumput buluh yang menahun dan merumpun. Batang tegak, tinggi 200–400 cm,[6] keras, tak bercabang, sering melengkung;[7] dengan buluh yang pejal, padat tak berongga.[6] Ligula (lidah pelepah) berupa membran tak berambut, panjang 1–2 mm,[6] rompang.[7] Helaian daun bentuk lanset-lonjong melebar, seperti jangat,[7] kaku, hingga 30–60 × 3–7 cm; dengan urat daun menyilang yang tampak jelas.[6]
Bunga-bunga terkumpul dalam malai yang besar dan terbuka di ujung batang (terminal), lonjong atau bulat telur, 30–60 × 15–30 cm.[6] Cabang-cabang utama 1-3 di tiap nodus (titik percabangan), sumbunya berambut pendek, bagian bawahnya bebas spikelet, cabang terbawah mencapai 30 cm, bertangkai lk. 2 mm.[7] Spikelet (bunga rumput) tunggal atau berpasangan, 1,5–1,8 mm.[7] Kariopsis (bulir buah) lonjong, lk. 0,5 mm.[7]
Rumput awis tersebar luas di Asia tropis dan subtropis[6]: Pakistan, Nepal, India, Srilangka, Bangladesh, Burma, Indochina, Tiongkok tengah dan selatan, kawasan Malesia, Taiwan, Filipina, hingga Nugini. Rumput ini juga mengalami naturalisasi di Mauritius, Seychelles, Zambia, Tanzania, Hawaii, California, Hindia Barat dan Brazil.[6][7][8][9]
Di Indonesia, rumput ini menyebar di semua pulau Sunda Besar, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku hingga Papua.[6] Menyukai tempat-tempat yang tidak sepenuhnya terbuka, rumput awis biasa ditemukan hidup menggerombol atau berasosiasi dengan kelompok pepohonan atau hutan bambu.[10] Ia tumbuh di lereng-lereng perbukitan, tebing jurang dan alur, di antara bebatuan, dalam semak, tepi hutan, padang rumput, dan pinggiran sungai;[7] pada ketinggian 150-2.000 m dpl.[10]
Heyne menyebutkan bahwa di Jawa Tengah, mĕnjalin wuwu ini sengaja ditanam di lereng-lereng yang terjal untuk menahan erosi dan mencegah longsor; selain itu juga ditanam untuk pagar.[5] Daun-daunnya yang muda dimanfaatkan sebagai campuran hijauan pakan ternak; dan di Jawa Barat, malai rumput ini digunakan dalam pembuatan sapu.[5] Rumput awis juga acap dipelihara sebagai tanaman hias.[7][10][11]
Thysanolaena latifolia adalah satu-satunya anggota marga Thysanolaena yang diakui; sementara marga tersebut juga merupakan satu-satunya anggota tribus Thysanolaeneae.[1][12][13].
Rumput awis atau rumput buluh (Thysanolaena latifolia) adalah sejenis rumput besar, anggota dari suku padi-padian. Menyebar luas di wilayah India, Indochina, Nusantara, hingga Tiongkok selatan dan Pasifik; tangkai bunganya dikumpulkan dan dimanfaatkan orang untuk membuat sapu. Rumput ini dikenal pula dengan berbagai nama daerah seperti awis, kaso beurit, tamiang balu, tangtang angin (Sd.); menjalin wuwu (Jw.); lantebung, tabu popo (Mak.); dan lolo (Gal., Ternate). Dalam bahasa Inggris rumput ini disebut tiger grass.
Agrostis maxima é uma espécie de gramínea do gênero Agrostis, pertencente à família Poaceae.[1]
Thysanolaena latifolia, tên tiếng Việt là Đót, Chít, là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1930.[1]
Cỏ cao tới 3,5m hay hơn, giống sậy và lau. Thân to 5-8mm. Lá cứng, hình giáo rộng, nhọn mũi, ôm lấy thân, có mép, hơi ráp, dài 30–60 cm, rộng 5–10 cm. Chuỳ hoa ở ngọn, mềm, lúc đầu dựng đứng rồi mọc toả ra, dài 30–60 cm, có nhánh mịn và rất nhiều. Bông nhỏ rất nhiều gồm nhiều cọng nhỏ, hình dải thuôn, dài 1-1,5mm, chụm lại với nhau. Quả thóc nhỏ thuôn, gần hình cầu, nằm trong những mày nhỏ cứng.
Thường gặp trên đất khô vùng núi, trong các savan ven các rừng của nước ta từ 50m đến độ cao 2000m.
Bài viết chủ đề phân họ Kê này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Thysanolaena latifolia, tên tiếng Việt là Đót, Chít, là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1930.
棕叶芦（学名：Thysanolaena latifolia）为禾本科棕叶芦属下的一个种。
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티사놀라이나(thysanolaena, 학명: Thysanolaena latifolia 티사놀라이나 라티폴리아[*])은 기장아과의 단형 족인 티사놀라이나족(thysanolaena族, 학명: Thysanolaeneae 티사놀라이네아이[*])의 단형 속인 티사놀라이나속(thysanolaena屬, 학명: Thysanolaena 티사놀라이나[*])에 속하는 유일한 종이다.[1][2][3]
중국(광둥성, 광시 좡족 자치구, 구이저우성, 하이난성, 타이완, 윈난성)과 방글라데시, 부탄, 캄보디아, 인도, 인도네시아, 라오스, 말레이시아, 미얀마, 네팔, 뉴기니섬, 필리핀, 스리랑카, 태국, 베트남 지역에 분포한다. 또한 모리셔스와 세이셸, 감비아, 탄자니아, 미국 하와이주와 캘리포니아주 그리고 서인도 제도와 브라질에서도 발견된다.[4][5][6][7]
아리스티다아과 C3 & C4
기장아과 "centothecoid clade"카스만티움족 C3
제우기테스족 C3
트리스타키아족 C4
스테이에르마르코클로아족 C3
켄토테카족 C3
티사놀라이나족 C3
키페로클로아족 C3
기네리움족 C3
기장족 C3 & C4
참새피족 C3 & C4
나도솔새상족새족 C4
나도솔새족 C4
물대아과 C3
미크라이라아과 C3 & C4
꼬인새풀아과 C3
나도바랭이아과 C3 & C4
티사놀라이나(thysanolaena, 학명: Thysanolaena latifolia 티사놀라이나 라티폴리아[*])은 기장아과의 단형 족인 티사놀라이나족(thysanolaena族, 학명: Thysanolaeneae 티사놀라이네아이[*])의 단형 속인 티사놀라이나속(thysanolaena屬, 학명: Thysanolaena 티사놀라이나[*])에 속하는 유일한 종이다.
중국(광둥성, 광시 좡족 자치구, 구이저우성, 하이난성, 타이완, 윈난성)과 방글라데시, 부탄, 캄보디아, 인도, 인도네시아, 라오스, 말레이시아, 미얀마, 네팔, 뉴기니섬, 필리핀, 스리랑카, 태국, 베트남 지역에 분포한다. 또한 모리셔스와 세이셸, 감비아, 탄자니아, 미국 하와이주와 캘리포니아주 그리고 서인도 제도와 브라질에서도 발견된다.
