Plectropomus leopardus sī Serranidae-kho ê hî-á.
Plectropomus leopardus sī Serranidae-kho ê hî-á.
Janang mirah (nan Latèn: Plectropomus leopardus) nakeuh saboh jeunèh eungkôt kareueng lam kawan geurapèe nyang na di la'ôt Acèh. Eungkôt nyoe kayém geudrop lé ureueng meula'ôt keu geupeubloe.[1]
Janang mirah (nan Latèn: Plectropomus leopardus) nakeuh saboh jeunèh eungkôt kareueng lam kawan geurapèe nyang na di la'ôt Acèh. Eungkôt nyoe kayém geudrop lé ureueng meula'ôt keu geupeubloe.
The leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), also known as the common coral trout, leopard coral trout, blue-dotted coral grouper or spotted coral grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.
Coral trout are the favourite target fish for all sectors of the fishery because they are a good food fish and command high market prices locally and overseas. The total commercial catch of coral trout was reported at over 1500 tonnes in 1998.
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The leopard coral grouper has a body which is elongate and robust, with the standard length being 2.9 to 3.9 times the depth of the body. The preopercle is mostly rounded, with three large, downward pointing spines along the bottom half.[3] The dorsal fin contains 7-8 spines and 10-12 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays.[2] The spiny part of the dorsal fin has a shorter base than the soft-rayed part. The caudal fin is a emarginate.[3] The background colour is olive green to reddish brown or orange-red and its upper body is covered in regularly-spaced bright blue spots and there is a blue ring around the eye, this may be broken up. They are able to quickly change colour, and frequently take on a mottled pattern as they hunt.[4] This species attains a total length of 120 centimetres (47 in), although they are commonly around 35 centimetres (14 in), and a maximum published weight of 23.6 kilograms (52 lb).[2] although this is probably incorrect (and likely to be for P. leavis) as the Australian Spearfishing record for P. leopardus is 10.250kg[5]
The leopard coral grouper is found in the western Pacific where it is distributed from southern Japan to Australia and from the east coast of Thailand and Malaysia east to the Solomon Islands, Caroline Islands and Fiji.[1] In Australia it is found at Beacon Island in Western Australia, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands in the Timor Sea, around the tropical northcoast as far south as Sydney. This range includes reefs in the Coral Sea, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and around Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea.[4]
The leopard coral grouper is found on coral reefs at depths of 3 to 100 metres (9.8 to 328.1 ft).[3]
A project called the "Effects of Line Fishing" project studied populations to assess the size and age structures during reproduction of leopard coral grouper stocks to ascertain how fish stocks respond to various levels of fishing pressure. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, starting their lives as females, and change sex later in life. The trigger of this sex change is unknown. On average, sex change occurs when fish are between 23 and 62 cm (9.1 and 24.4 in) in length; the average length at sex change is 42 cm (17 in). This is believed to happen most frequently in the months immediately following spawning. The ELF research has determined that the sex ratio differs in different areas of the Great Barrier Reef, and may differ between reefs opened and protected from fishing. Sex ratios are an important consideration for management, as changes could seriously affect reproduction, thus the number of juveniles coming into the fishery in future years. All length classes of fish may have both male and female individuals. However, small fish are generally females, while most large fish are males.[6]
spawning corresponds to an increase in water temperature (from 25.0 to 26.5 °C or 77.0 to 79.7 °F) during late spring. In the northern Great Barrier Reef, these fish spawn between September and December, whereas in the southern regions where the water is cooler, spawning occurs between October and February. The beginning and end of spawning can vary from year to year as the water temperature varies. Leopard coral groupers generally form into a dense aggregation to spawn. These aggregations are formed around reef slopes around 10 to 15 m (33 to 49 ft) deep and peak at the new moon. Spawning occurs when the tidal flow is strong, particularly during ebb tides. This is thought to allow the newly released eggs to be transported well away from the reef and its associated predators. Spawning typically takes place at dusk, when the light levels make it difficult for predators to see and feed upon the eggs.[6]
As coral trout aggregate, males establish temporary territories. They then try to entice females into their territories to spawn by means of elaborate courtship displays. As part of this courtship ritual, male coral trout display their fins' darkened edges, which can be switched on and off almost instantly. The male approaches a female, which is usually close to the bottom, with his body tilted at 45–90° (almost lying on his side in the water) and repeatedly quivering lengthwise and shaking his head from side to side. He passes close to the female's head or body with either the top or underside of his body. This process is repeated. Spawning rushes occur after this courtship behavior, if the female agrees. During a spawning rush, the male and female swim rapidly towards the surface, where they release sperm and eggs into the water as they quickly turn. The cloud of sperm and eggs released during a spawning rush is not easily seen, but its presence can sometimes be noted by the frantic feeding of small zooplankton-eating fish. The spawning of coral trout generally occurs over a 30-40 minute period during sunset. Some coral trout (especially males) spawn more than once during an evening.[6]
Like most reef fish, coral trout have a larval stage where the eggs and larvae develop within the water column, allowing them to disperse to nearby reefs. Fertilisation takes place after spawning; the fertilised eggs float just below the water surface. The incubation period for coral trout eggs is unknown, but may be around 20 to 45 hours (the incubation period in related species). The newly hatched larvae are not very well developed and obtain nutrients from a yolk sac. As the develop, their spines, fins, gut, and other internal organs develop, as do their senses. Eventually, the yolk sac is completely absorbed and the larvae begin to see and catch their own prey.[6]
The fastest period of growth in coral trout occurs in the first three years of life. The average daily growth of newly settled juveniles has been measured at 0.81 mm per day. This means they reach close to 14 cm (5.5 in) in the first 6 months. Growth rates of coral trout are variable; every age class has a wide range of sizes. To estimate growth, the age and size of a fish must be determined. Most commonly, the growth of fish is measured by collecting individuals of varying sizes, measuring their length, and determining their age by the otoliths. Recent research at Bramble Reef has found that common coral trout (P. leopardus) reaches a maximum age of 16 years.[6]
Leopeard coral groupers are largely piscivores (fish-eating predators). Younger juvenile trout mostly eat crustaceans, especially prawns, which live on or near the reef bottom. However, adults feed upon a variety of reef fish. The most common type of fish eaten is damselfish (family Pomacentridae), particularly the spiny chromis damselfish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus). Adult coral trout also eat juveniles of their own species. Individual coral trout usually feed once every 1–3 days, although they may go for many days without feeding. About 90% of a prey item will be digested within 24 hours. This species only feeds during daylight hours, most often at dusk and dawn. Coral trout hunt by ambush and by prowling. They use the ambush method to hunt fish that live among the coral on the reef bottom. The trout hide and remain very still and alert, ready to attack passing prey. The prowling method is used to hunt schooling fish higher up in the water. Here, the trout will move (prowl) slowly towards the prey and attack at great speed. Individual coral trout have different feeding behaviors, possibly explaining the variability in growth and maturity.[6]
Coral trout in the southern Great Barrier Reef feed mainly on parrot fish (family Scaridae) and hardyhead bait fish (family Atherinidae). The most common prey items further north are the damselfish (Pomacentridae) and fusiliers or banana fish (Caesionidae). One study showed coral trout eating schools of fusilers in summer, and scarids during the winter. This seasonal variation is quite common in the diet of coral trout due to varying abundances of prey at different times of the year. Trout also tend to eat more food in winter, possibly to increase fat stores in preparation for reproduction in spring. They sometimes engage in cooperative hunting with the giant moray (Gymnothorax javanicus), the humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), or the big blue octopus (Octopus cyanea).[7][8][9]
As most fish, this species harbours many parasite species. The diplectanid monogenean Echinoplectanum leopardi, named after the fish, is a parasite on the gills, as well as its congeners Echinoplectanum rarum and Echinoplectanum pudicum.[10]
The leopard coral grouper was first formally described as Holocentrus leopardus by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède ((1756-1825)[11] with the type locality given as the Mer des Indes.[4]
The leopard coral grouper is highly-valued as a food fish and is sold in both the live and chilled reef fish food trade, centred on Hong Kong. The catching of live fish for export is an important commercial fishery in the Asia-Pacific region, currently they are primarily sourced from Indonesia and the Philippines. In Australia it is caught by commercial fisheries using hook and line and is taken by recreational fishers using handlines, rods and spearguns. Average Catch Per Unit Effort of 0.59-0.68 species/day and weight of 1.58 and 1.60kg for leopard coral grouper captured by spearfishers in Australia[12]
It is fished for using cyanide in the Philippines and Indonesia. In Fiji and New Caledonia artisanal fishers catch it using hook and line and spear, and as bycatch in traps.[1] Large specimens can have very high levels of ciguatoxin in their flesh.[6] Fish have been raised in mariculture in Asia but cultured fish are often not the more desirable red colour.[1]
The leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), also known as the common coral trout, leopard coral trout, blue-dotted coral grouper or spotted coral grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.
Coral trout are the favourite target fish for all sectors of the fishery because they are a good food fish and command high market prices locally and overseas. The total commercial catch of coral trout was reported at over 1500 tonnes in 1998.
Plectropomus leopardus Plectropomus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.
Plectropomus leopardus Plectropomus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Serranidae familian sailkatzen da.
La loche saumonée ou saumonée léopard, Plectropomus leopardus, est une espèce de poissons de la famille des Serranidae.
Kerapu sunuk atau kerapu merah (Plectropomus leopardus) adalah sejenis ikan dari keluarga Serranidae yang ditemukan di Samoa Amerika, Australia, Brunei, Kepulauan Cocos, Fiji, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Jepang, Malaysia, Mikronesia, Kaledonia Baru, Kepulauan Mariana Utara, Pulau Palau, Papua Niugini, Filipina, Samoa, Singapura, Kepulauan Solomon Taiwan, Thailand dan Vietnam. Namanya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah coral trout, leopard coral grouper atau leopard coral trout.
Habitat alaminya adalah lautan terbuka dan karang.
Istilah "kerapu sunuk" sebenarnya mencakup sejumlah jenis ikan, di antaranya:
Jenis kerapu sunuk merupakan sasaran utama pemancing di daerah karang disepanjang pantai Queensland (Australia).
Kerapu sunuk atau kerapu merah (Plectropomus leopardus) adalah sejenis ikan dari keluarga Serranidae yang ditemukan di Samoa Amerika, Australia, Brunei, Kepulauan Cocos, Fiji, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Jepang, Malaysia, Mikronesia, Kaledonia Baru, Kepulauan Mariana Utara, Pulau Palau, Papua Niugini, Filipina, Samoa, Singapura, Kepulauan Solomon Taiwan, Thailand dan Vietnam. Namanya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah coral trout, leopard coral grouper atau leopard coral trout.
Habitat alaminya adalah lautan terbuka dan karang.
Istilah "kerapu sunuk" sebenarnya mencakup sejumlah jenis ikan, di antaranya:
Plectropomus areolatus, Plectropomus laevis (bernoda biru), Plectropomus leopardus (kerapu sunuk biasa), Plectropomus maculatus (dengan pipi bergaris).Jenis kerapu sunuk merupakan sasaran utama pemancing di daerah karang disepanjang pantai Queensland (Australia).
Plectropomus leopardus est marinus familiae Serranidarum piscis, endemicus in Oceano Pacifico et descriptus ex Australia, Belavia, Bruneio, Cocotibus Insulis, Foederatis Micronesiae Civitatibus, Hongcongo, Iaponia, Indonesia, Insulis Salomonis, Malaesia, Nova Caledonia, Papua Nova Guinea, Philippinis, Samoa, Samoa Americana, Septentrionalibus Insulis Marianis, Singapura, Taivania, Thailandia, Vietnamia, et Vitiis. Habitatio naturalis est maria aperta scopulique curalii.
Haec stipula ad Perciformes spectat. Amplifica, si potes! Plectropomus leopardus est marinus familiae Serranidarum piscis, endemicus in Oceano Pacifico et descriptus ex Australia, Belavia, Bruneio, Cocotibus Insulis, Foederatis Micronesiae Civitatibus, Hongcongo, Iaponia, Indonesia, Insulis Salomonis, Malaesia, Nova Caledonia, Papua Nova Guinea, Philippinis, Samoa, Samoa Americana, Septentrionalibus Insulis Marianis, Singapura, Taivania, Thailandia, Vietnamia, et Vitiis. Habitatio naturalis est maria aperta scopulique curalii.
Plectropomus leopardus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van zaag- of zeebaarzen (Serranidae).[2]
De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1802 door Bernard Germain de Lacépède.
De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als Gevoelig, beoordelingsjaar 2004. De omvang van de populatie is volgens de IUCN dalend.[1]
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Plectropomus leopardus é uma espécie de peixe da família Serranidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Samoa Americana, Austrália, Brunei, Ilhas Cocos, Fiji, Hong Kong, Indonésia, Japão, Malásia, Micronésia, Nova Caledónia, Marianas Setentrionais, Palau, Papua-Nova Guiné, as Filipinas, Samoa, Singapura, Taiwan, Tailândia e Vietname.
Os seus habitats naturais são: mar aberto e recifes de coral.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
Plectropomus leopardus é uma espécie de peixe da família Serranidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Samoa Americana, Austrália, Brunei, Ilhas Cocos, Fiji, Hong Kong, Indonésia, Japão, Malásia, Micronésia, Nova Caledónia, Marianas Setentrionais, Palau, Papua-Nova Guiné, as Filipinas, Samoa, Singapura, Taiwan, Tailândia e Vietname.
Os seus habitats naturais são: mar aberto e recifes de coral.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
Leopardgrouper[3] (Plectropomus leopardus) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i västra Stilla havet.
En avlång men kraftigt byggd fisk med 1 till 4 långa huggtänder i överkäken. Gällocket har 3 taggar, av vilka den översta och understa dock är täckta av hud. Ryggfenan består som vanligt hos familjen av två ihopväxta delar, den främre hård och bestående av taggstrålar (7 eller 8 hos denna art, den 3:e eller 4:e längst), den bakre mjuk, uppbyggd av mjukstrålar (10 till 12). Analfenan har en liknande konstruktion med 3 taggstrålar och 8 mjukstrålar. Bröstfenorna har bara mjukstrålar, 15 till 17 stycken. Färgen är olivgrön, rödbrun, rödorange eller rent röd med många små blå prickar, vanligen med mörk kant, över huvud och kropp med undantag av undersidan. Kring ögat har den en blå ring, bröstfenorna är rödaktiga till genomskinliga med mörka fenstrålar, och stjärtfenan har ett otydligt mörkt band längs den bakre kanten, samt vanligtvis ett vitt streck närmare mitten.[4] Som mest kan arten bli 120 cm lång och väga 23,6 kg, men blir vanligen inte mycket mer än 35 cm lång.[5]
Leopardgroupern vistas vid korallrev på djup från 3 till 100 m.[1] Ungfiskarna uppehåller sig på grunt vatten nära rev, speciellt bland korallgrus. De vuxna fiskarna lever av fisk, ungfiskarna av småfisk och ryggradslösa djur som kräftdjur och bläckfisk. Högsta konstaterade ålder är 26 år.[5]
Arten är en hermafrodit med könsväxling, som börjar sitt liv som hona. Den blir könsmogen mellan 2 och 4 års ålder (21 – 47 cm). Könsväxling förefaller äga rum vid en längd mellan 30 och 54 cm.[4] Leken, då flera individer samlas, sker under september till november (eventuellt även december[4]) vanligtvis vid ny- eller fullmåne, beroende på geografiskt läge.[1] Det förekommer att mer än en hane och flera honor leker tillsammans.[4]
Leopardgroupern är en populär matfisk som är föremål för både kommersiellt fiske och sportfiske[5], trots viss risk för ciguateraförgiftning. Vanliga fångstmetoder är ljuster, spö, fällor och trål.[4]
Arten är klassificerad som nära hotad ("NT") av IUCN, och beståndet minskar. Orsaken är överfiske.[1]
Utbredningsområdet omfattar västra Stilla havet från södra Japan till Queensland och Western Australia i Australien samt österut till Karolinerna och Fiji.[1]
Leopardgrouper (Plectropomus leopardus) är en art i familjen havsabborrfiskar som finns i västra Stilla havet.
Cá mú chấm[1] (danh pháp hai phần: Plectropomus leopardus), còn gọi là cá mú chấm bé, cá song da báo, là một loài cá thuộc họ Serranidae. Chúng là loài bản địa phía tây Thái Bình Dương, môi trường sinh sống tự nhiên gồm các vùng biển mở và các rạn san hô. Con non chủ yếu ăn loài giáp xác, đặc biệt là tôm còn con lớn ăn nhiều loài cá sống ở rạn san hô, đặc biệt là damselfish.
Cá mú chấm là một hải sản được ưa thích và có giá cao trên thị trường.
Bài/đoạn dưới đây được dịch bởi một người không có chuyên môn trong lĩnh vực này.Người đặt thông báo chú ý: Xin hãy đảm bảo rằng trang thảo luận của bài có nêu ra lý do tại sao chất lượng dịch không tốt.
Ban đầu cá được mô tả bởi nhà tự nhiên học Pháp Bernard Germain de Lacépède vào năm 1802. Cá song da báo thuộc về một họ cá được biết đến như là Serranidae. Họ này bao gồm cá tuyết cá mú và san hô (không liên quan đến thực sự cod), tất cả các đặc trưng bởi có ba xương trên mang và miệng lớn lót với nhiều hơn một hàng răng.
Loài cá này được tìm thấy ở các vùng nước quanh American Samoa, Úc, Brunei, Quần đảo Cocos (Keeling), Fiji, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Nhật Bản, Malaysia, Micronesia, New Caledonia, Quần đảo Bắc Mariana, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Quần đảo Solomon, Đài Loan, Thái Lan, và Việt Nam. Its natural [[môi trường sống bao gồm mở biển và rạn san hô. Nghiên cứu cho rằng loài cá này di chuyển khá xa xung quanh một rạn san hô, mặc dù thường không đi xa hơn 500 mét (1.600 ft) khỏi rạn san hô đó.
Cá mú chấm (danh pháp hai phần: Plectropomus leopardus), còn gọi là cá mú chấm bé, cá song da báo, là một loài cá thuộc họ Serranidae. Chúng là loài bản địa phía tây Thái Bình Dương, môi trường sinh sống tự nhiên gồm các vùng biển mở và các rạn san hô. Con non chủ yếu ăn loài giáp xác, đặc biệt là tôm còn con lớn ăn nhiều loài cá sống ở rạn san hô, đặc biệt là damselfish.
Cá mú chấm là một hải sản được ưa thích và có giá cao trên thị trường.
鳃棘鲈（学名：Plectropomus leopardus）为鮨科鳃棘鲈属的鱼类，俗名：豹紋鰓棘鱸、花斑刺鳃鮨、豹纹豹脍、東星斑、七星斑。分布于印度洋到太平洋中部、北至日本南部的菲律宾、台湾岛以及南海诸岛的海南岛等，属于暖水性沿岸鱼类。其一般生活于珊瑚礁。[1]
颜色鲜艳，是很凶猛的「掠食者」，会吞掉任何它能吞掉的鱼。也会吃掉观赏用的甲壳类动物；不会骚扰它们吞不下去的鱼。食物包括各种海水鱼、鱿鱼、贝类及虾。需要经常提供一些活食，足够的营养会保持它的色彩。
水深3至100公尺。
雖然曾是美味的食用魚，魚肉可作生魚片。在市場上均切成小塊出售，頭可煮清湯、背肉宜清蒸，腹肉紅燒最美，但過度濫捕，數量已開始下降，已列为受保护的鱼类，政府严厉禁止漁民抓捕，因此已经成为稀有品种的鱼类。 IUCN已评級為近危。
这是一篇與鱸形目相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 鳃棘鲈（学名：Plectropomus leopardus）为鮨科鳃棘鲈属的鱼类，俗名：豹紋鰓棘鱸、花斑刺鳃鮨、豹纹豹脍、東星斑、七星斑。分布于印度洋到太平洋中部、北至日本南部的菲律宾、台湾岛以及南海诸岛的海南岛等，属于暖水性沿岸鱼类。其一般生活于珊瑚礁。
