Benefits
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Greenback horse mackerel are an important commercial species with the main fishing grounds off the west coast of the North of New Zealand. Caught commercially with trawls, purse seines, traps and on line gear. The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 15 529 t. The countries with the largest catches were Ukraine (15 306 t) and Russian Federation (223 t).
Brief Summary
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Generally found at less than 300 m water depthwith temperature less than 16° C. Commonly found on the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface.Feeding primarily on crustaceans (copepods), shrimps, but also small fishes and squid.
Size
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To about 50 cm total length; common 35 cm.
Distribution
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Southern Pacific. Princess Royal Harbor, King George Sound, Western Australia and New Zealand waters.
Diagnostic Description
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Body elongate, fairly compressed. Head large; posterior end of upper jaw reaching anterior margin of eye; lower jaw projected. Maxilla large, wide, not covered by lacrymal. Adipose eyelid well developed. Small nostrils closely situated each other, anterior nostril oval and posterior nostril crescent. A distinct notch on posterior margin of opercle. Dorsal accessory lateral line terminating below soft dorsal rays 15-17. Gillrakers, including rudiments, 36-44 on lower limb of first gill arch; total gillrakers 50-57. First dorsal fin with 8 spines and I + 29-34. Anal fin with I + 25-31 preceded by 2 strong spines. Pectoral fin with 18-21 rays. Pelvic fin (I,5) moderate in size, originating below end of pectoral fin base. Scales in curved lateral line 35-42. expanded dorsolaterally and scute-like, in straight lateral line 38-45 scutes; total scales and scutes 74-84.
Pullen, G., H. Williams & P. Last. - 1989Sout American fish found off Tasmania. Australian Fisheries (Research briefs), june, 1989: 35.
Trophic Strategy
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Commonly found near the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258) in continental shelf waters (Ref. 27930). They form pelagic schools for most of the year but may move close to the sea bed during winter (Ref. 27931). Generally found at less than 300 m water depth with temperature less than 16° C (Ref. 9072). Juveniles inhabit coastal and estuarine waters although they may sometimes be found offshore (Ref. 27930). Feed mostly during the day mainly on krill and other planktonic crustaceans, light fish (Sternoptychidae) and lantern fish (Myctophidae) at the edge of the continental shelf (Ref. 27933).Seasonal patterns in the presence of surface schooling jack mackerel are thought to be a response to water temperature rather than evidence of migration, as surface schools are not generally found in water temperature above 17°C (Ref. 27933). Jack mackerel form schools of similar sized fish and there is evidence from demersal trawl surveys that the size of fish tends to increase with increasing depth of water (Ref. 5868).
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Morphology
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Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 29 - 35; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 24 - 29; Vertebrae: 24
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- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diagnostic Description
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Adults are elongate and slightly compressed, and have a primary lateral line with 71-89 scutes, and a secondary lateral line reaching to below dorsal-fin rays 7-9 (Ref. 33616).
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- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
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Irona Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
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Codonophilus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Life Cycle
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Eggs and sperm are released amongst schooling fish, possibly deep in the water column near the edge of the continental shelf. Eggs are distributed between the surface and the thermocline and larvae are carried inshore by currents.
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Biology
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Adults are commonly found near the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258) in continental shelf waters (Ref. 27930). They form pelagic schools for most of the year but may move close to the sea bed during winter (Ref. 27931). Generally found at less than 300 m water depth with temperature less than 16° C (Ref. 9072). Juveniles inhabit coastal and estuarine waters although they may sometimes be found offshore (Ref. 27930). Adults feed mostly during the day mainly on krill and other planktonic crustaceans, light fish (Sternoptychidae) and lantern fish (Myctophidae) at the edge of the continental shelf (Ref. 27933).
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Importance
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fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
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Trachurus declivis
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каталонски; валенсиски
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добавил wikipedia CA
Trachurus declivis és una espècie de peix de la família dels caràngids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Morfologia
Els mascles poden assolir els 64 cm de longitud total.[2]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba des d'Austràlia Occidental fins a Nova Gal·les del Sud i Nova Zelanda.[2]
Referències
Bibliografia
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
- Jenyns, L. 1840-1842. Fish. In: The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R. N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Londres: Smith, Elder, and Co. Issued in 4 parts. Fish, Voyage Beagle: i-xvi + 1-172, Pls. 1-29.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
Enllaços externs
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Trachurus declivis: Brief Summary
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Trachurus declivis és una espècie de peix de la família dels caràngids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
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Greenback horse mackerel
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The greenback horse mackerel or greenback scad (Trachurus declivis) is a species of jack in the family Carangidae, found around western and southern Australia, and around New Zealand, from the surface to depths of 460 m. Its length is up to 64 cm.[2]
Its common name derives from the legend that other smaller species of fish could ride on its back over great distances. It is an important commercial fish and sports fishing quarry although it has strong tasting flesh.[3]
Fisheries
Commercial capture of greenback horse mackerel
in tonnes from 1950 to 2009
[4]
References
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^ Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Carpenter, K.E.; Borsa, P.; Jiddawi, N.; Obota, C.; Yahya, S. (2018). "Trachurus declivis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T20437665A67871520. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T20437665A67871520.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Trachurus declivis" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
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^ Dianne J. Bray. "Trachurus declivis". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
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^ Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
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Greenback horse mackerel: Brief Summary
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The greenback horse mackerel or greenback scad (Trachurus declivis) is a species of jack in the family Carangidae, found around western and southern Australia, and around New Zealand, from the surface to depths of 460 m. Its length is up to 64 cm.
Its common name derives from the legend that other smaller species of fish could ride on its back over great distances. It is an important commercial fish and sports fishing quarry although it has strong tasting flesh.
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Trachurus declivis
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Trachurus declivis es una especie de peces de la familia Carangidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Morfología
• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 64 cm de longitud total.[1]
Distribución geográfica
Se encuentra desde Australia Occidental hasta Nueva Gales del Sur y Nueva Zelanda.
Referencias
Bibliografía
- Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
- Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
- Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.
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Trachurus declivis: Brief Summary
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Trachurus declivis es una especie de peces de la familia Carangidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
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Trachurus declivis
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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Trachurus declivis: Brief Summary
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Trachurus declivis Trachurus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Carangidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Trachurus declivis
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Vissen Trachurus declivis is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van horsmakrelen (Carangidae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 64 cm. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 25 jaar.
Leefomgeving
Trachurus declivis komt in zeewater en brak water voor. De vis prefereert een gematigd klimaat en leeft hoofdzakelijk in de Grote Oceaan. De diepteverspreiding is 0 tot 460 m onder het wateroppervlak.
Relatie tot de mens
Trachurus declivis is voor de visserij van groot commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd.
Voor de mens is Trachurus declivis ongevaarlijk.
Externe link
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties - Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
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Trachurus declivis: Brief Summary
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Trachurus declivis is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van horsmakrelen (Carangidae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 64 cm. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 25 jaar.
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