Oxyjulis californica és una espècie de peix de la família dels làbrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Els mascles poden assolir els 25 cm de longitud total.[2]
Es troba des de Salt Point (Califòrnia, Estats Units) fins a la Península de Baixa Califòrnia (Mèxic).[2]
Oxyjulis californica és una espècie de peix de la família dels làbrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Oxyjulis californica is a species of wrasse native to the eastern Pacific Ocean along the coasts of California and Baja California. Its distribution extends from Salt Point in Sonoma County, California, to southern central Baja California,[1][2] near Cedros Island.[3] It is a very common species; its common name in Spanish is señorita.[1]
This fish can grow to 25 cm (9.8 in) in total length.[2][4][5] Its body is fusiform, frequently described as "cigar-shaped".[4][5][6] It is brown or shiny bronze[7] dorsally and orange on its sides, becoming paler ventrally. The base of the tail fin is mostly covered with a large black[3] or chocolate brown[6] spot. The mouth is small and it has protruding "buck teeth"[6][8] which it uses to scrape tiny invertebrate prey items off of kelp.[4]
This fish lives in near-coastal marine habitats, especially kelp forests and reefs. It has been observed at depths of 73 m (240 ft), but it generally lives at 20 m (66 ft) or less.[1] It may cruise in a small school, but if threatened, it often retreats to the bottom, digging into the substrate to hide. It also rests on the bottom at night, burrowing in backwards so only its head sticks out of the substrate.[2]
The diet of the fish is composed of invertebrates, including marine worms, bryozoans, crustaceans, dove snails, limpets, fish larvae, and squid.[3] It may consume small amounts of seaweed.[6] It also feeds on the ectoparasites of other fish. The señorita is a cleaner wrasse, a fish that grooms the parasites and other materials off the bodies of other fish.[2] It may remove and eat ectoparasites such as bacteria, copepods, and isopods.[3] Parasites can constitute around half its total food intake.[9] Sometimes when the señorita begins to clean one of its clients, a crowd of other fish will gather around to receive the service.[4] Species that seek the señorita for a grooming include the bat ray (Myliobatis californica), giant sea bass (Stereolepis gigas), kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus), jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis), topsmelt (Atherinops affinis), sargo (Diplodus sargus), blacksmith (Chromis punctipinnis), garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus), opaleye (Girella nigricans), halfmoon (Medialuna californiensis), and mola (Mola mola). The other fish may solicit the cleaning with their behavior. The garibaldi extends its gill slits to give the señorita access to parasites on its gills.[3] The blacksmith points its head down to encourage the cleaner,[10] and many blacksmith at a time may mob it, competing for its attention. They may even block its escape if it tries to leave the scene. The opaleye is usually constantly swimming, but it will stop and hold still if it meets a señorita. The kelp bass, a predator of small fish, will often refrain from eating the señorita, and let it clean.[3] While the señorita will often clean large, predatory fish, it is not always safe. It has been observed in the diet of the kelp bass, the bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis), and the starry rockfish (S. constellatus), but it is not consumed as often as would be expected, considering its frequent close contact with predators. It might be unpalatable.[9] Predators that do eat the fish include Brandt's cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) and the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus).[4]
The reproductive biology of this fish is not well known. Some sources suggest it may be a protogynous hermaphrodite, with the female able to change sex and become male,[1] while others doubt this occurs in this species.[2][5][8] Spawning occurs in May through August. The eggs are pelagic, floating suspended in the water.[6]
The fish tends to return to favorite locations; in one experiment, señoritas were caught and then released a distance away, and most found their way back to their original home ranges.[11]
Fishermen generally do not seek this species as quarry, and it can be an annoyance when it steals bait off hooks.[4] While technically edible, it is not valuable as a food fish.[3]
Oxyjulis californica is a species of wrasse native to the eastern Pacific Ocean along the coasts of California and Baja California. Its distribution extends from Salt Point in Sonoma County, California, to southern central Baja California, near Cedros Island. It is a very common species; its common name in Spanish is señorita.
This fish can grow to 25 cm (9.8 in) in total length. Its body is fusiform, frequently described as "cigar-shaped". It is brown or shiny bronze dorsally and orange on its sides, becoming paler ventrally. The base of the tail fin is mostly covered with a large black or chocolate brown spot. The mouth is small and it has protruding "buck teeth" which it uses to scrape tiny invertebrate prey items off of kelp.
This fish lives in near-coastal marine habitats, especially kelp forests and reefs. It has been observed at depths of 73 m (240 ft), but it generally lives at 20 m (66 ft) or less. It may cruise in a small school, but if threatened, it often retreats to the bottom, digging into the substrate to hide. It also rests on the bottom at night, burrowing in backwards so only its head sticks out of the substrate.
The diet of the fish is composed of invertebrates, including marine worms, bryozoans, crustaceans, dove snails, limpets, fish larvae, and squid. It may consume small amounts of seaweed. It also feeds on the ectoparasites of other fish. The señorita is a cleaner wrasse, a fish that grooms the parasites and other materials off the bodies of other fish. It may remove and eat ectoparasites such as bacteria, copepods, and isopods. Parasites can constitute around half its total food intake. Sometimes when the señorita begins to clean one of its clients, a crowd of other fish will gather around to receive the service. Species that seek the señorita for a grooming include the bat ray (Myliobatis californica), giant sea bass (Stereolepis gigas), kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus), jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis), topsmelt (Atherinops affinis), sargo (Diplodus sargus), blacksmith (Chromis punctipinnis), garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus), opaleye (Girella nigricans), halfmoon (Medialuna californiensis), and mola (Mola mola). The other fish may solicit the cleaning with their behavior. The garibaldi extends its gill slits to give the señorita access to parasites on its gills. The blacksmith points its head down to encourage the cleaner, and many blacksmith at a time may mob it, competing for its attention. They may even block its escape if it tries to leave the scene. The opaleye is usually constantly swimming, but it will stop and hold still if it meets a señorita. The kelp bass, a predator of small fish, will often refrain from eating the señorita, and let it clean. While the señorita will often clean large, predatory fish, it is not always safe. It has been observed in the diet of the kelp bass, the bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis), and the starry rockfish (S. constellatus), but it is not consumed as often as would be expected, considering its frequent close contact with predators. It might be unpalatable. Predators that do eat the fish include Brandt's cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) and the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus).
The reproductive biology of this fish is not well known. Some sources suggest it may be a protogynous hermaphrodite, with the female able to change sex and become male, while others doubt this occurs in this species. Spawning occurs in May through August. The eggs are pelagic, floating suspended in the water.
The fish tends to return to favorite locations; in one experiment, señoritas were caught and then released a distance away, and most found their way back to their original home ranges.
Fishermen generally do not seek this species as quarry, and it can be an annoyance when it steals bait off hooks. While technically edible, it is not valuable as a food fish.
Oxyjulis californica es una especie de peces de la familia Labridae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 25 cm de longitud total.[1]
Se encuentra desde Salt Point (California, Estados Unidos) hasta la Península de Baja California (México ).
Oxyjulis californica Oxyjulis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Labridae familian sailkatzen da.
Oxyjulis californica (Günther, 1861), unica specie del genere Oxyjulis, è un pesce di acqua salata appartenente alla famiglia Labridae[2].
Questa specie vive nelle acque subtropicali dell'oceano Pacifico, soprattutto nelle foreste di kelp, a profondità che arrivano fino a 73 m[3]. Si trova lungo le coste del Messico e della California, dove è uno dei labridi più comuni[1].
Presenta un corpo compresso lateralmente e molto allungato, con una testa dal profilo appuntito. La lunghezza massima registrata è di 25 cm[3].
Le pinne sono trasparenti, la pinna dorsale e la pinna anale sono basse e lunghe, mentre la pinna caudale non è biforcuta; su quest'ultima è presente una macchia nera o color cioccolato[4]. La bocca presenta dei denti sporgenti utili per raschiare piccoli invertebrati dalle alghe. La livrea non è molto appariscente, varia dal marrone chiaro al giallastro, e il ventre è più chiaro.
Nuota in piccoli banchi, di solito vicino al substrato, dove si rintana quando spaventato e dove dorme di notte sotterrato nella sabbia e con solo la testa fuori[3].
È spesso preda dell'otaria della California[5]. Può anche presentare un copepode parassita, Heterochondria atypica[2].
Ha una dieta molto varia, prevalentemente carnivora anche se si nutre pure di alghe, composta da uova di altri pesci e da varie specie di invertebrati marini come molluschi gasteropodi (patelle e Columbellidae[6]) e cefalopodi (Teuthida[7]) vermi e crostacei[8]. Può anche nutrirsi dei parassiti esterni di altri pesci[3].
È oviparo e la fecondazione è esterna. Non ci sono cure verso le uova[9]. Probabilmente si tratta di un pesce ermafrodita, ma ancora non se ne ha la certezza[1]. Le uova sono pelagiche e galleggiano in acqua[4].
Questa specie viene classificata come "a rischio minimo" (LC) dalla lista rossa IUCN perché non sembra essere minacciata da particolari pericoli[1]. È diffuso in alcune aree marine protette, e non viene pescato frequentemente perché nonostante sia commestibile le sue carni non sono pregiate[6].
Oxyjulis californica (Günther, 1861), unica specie del genere Oxyjulis, è un pesce di acqua salata appartenente alla famiglia Labridae.
Oxyjulis californica is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van lipvissen (Labridae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1861 door Günther.
De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als niet bedreigd, beoordelingsjaar 2009.[1]
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Oxyjulis californica[3] - gatunek ryby z rodziny wargaczowatych, jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju Oxyjulis. Bywa hodowana w akwariach morskich.
Wschodni Ocean Spokojny
Dorasta do 25 cm długości.
Oxyjulis californica - gatunek ryby z rodziny wargaczowatych, jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju Oxyjulis. Bywa hodowana w akwariach morskich.
Oxyjulis californica, bodião-senhorita, bodião-do-golfo ou bodião-dourado-da-Califórnia é a única espécie de bodião do gênero Oxyjulis.[1] É um peixe de clima subtropical nativo do leste do Oceano Pacífico, que pode chegar à medir 25 cm e sua expectativa de vida na natureza é de 4 anos. É desconhecido a expectativa de vida em cativeiro.[2]
Seu habitat natural são florestas de kelp e recifes rochosos (adultos preferem viver no meio do kelp e jovens em recifes).[2][3] Sua distribuição vai dês de Salt Point (Cálifornia) até o centro da Baja California (México), incluindo o Golfo da Califórnia.[3]
Se alimentam de pequenos invertebrados encontrados nas folhas do kelp ou no substrato, como hidroides, briozoários, anfípodes, copépodes, parasitas e isópodes.[3]
Os pescadores comerciais não têm como alvo os Oxyjulis e os consideram um incômodo, pois roubam as iscas que são jogadas na água. Assim como outros animais, dependem de florestas de kelp para alimento e abrigo. Infelizmente algumas florestas de kep estão em perigo. Nos últimos 20 anos, três quartos dessas florestas subaquáticas desapareceram do Parque Nacional das Ilhas do Canal.[3]
Ao contrário da maioria dos bodiões, não mudam de sexo. São conhecidos como "peixes limpadores". Escolhem parasitas externos e copépodes da pele de outros peixes (como dos peixes-lua (Mola mola) e garibaldis (Hypsypops rubicundus)). Assim que um ''Oxyjulis começa a limpar, outros peixes se juntam para serem limpos também. Mas então o Oxyjulis perde o interesse, deixando decepção em seu rastro.[3]
Oxyjulis californica, bodião-senhorita, bodião-do-golfo ou bodião-dourado-da-Califórnia é a única espécie de bodião do gênero Oxyjulis. É um peixe de clima subtropical nativo do leste do Oceano Pacífico, que pode chegar à medir 25 cm e sua expectativa de vida na natureza é de 4 anos. É desconhecido a expectativa de vida em cativeiro.
Seu habitat natural são florestas de kelp e recifes rochosos (adultos preferem viver no meio do kelp e jovens em recifes). Sua distribuição vai dês de Salt Point (Cálifornia) até o centro da Baja California (México), incluindo o Golfo da Califórnia.
Se alimentam de pequenos invertebrados encontrados nas folhas do kelp ou no substrato, como hidroides, briozoários, anfípodes, copépodes, parasitas e isópodes.
Os pescadores comerciais não têm como alvo os Oxyjulis e os consideram um incômodo, pois roubam as iscas que são jogadas na água. Assim como outros animais, dependem de florestas de kelp para alimento e abrigo. Infelizmente algumas florestas de kep estão em perigo. Nos últimos 20 anos, três quartos dessas florestas subaquáticas desapareceram do Parque Nacional das Ilhas do Canal.
Ao contrário da maioria dos bodiões, não mudam de sexo. São conhecidos como "peixes limpadores". Escolhem parasitas externos e copépodes da pele de outros peixes (como dos peixes-lua (Mola mola) e garibaldis (Hypsypops rubicundus)). Assim que um ''Oxyjulis começa a limpar, outros peixes se juntam para serem limpos também. Mas então o Oxyjulis perde o interesse, deixando decepção em seu rastro.
加州灣尖隆頭魚，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目隆頭魚科的其中一種，分布於東太平洋區，從美國加州至墨西哥下加利福尼亞半島海域，體長可達25公分，棲息在近海礁石區海域，受驚嚇時會躲入沙中，以底棲性無脊椎動物為食，生活習性不明，可作為觀賞魚。
这是一篇與鱸形目相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 加州灣尖隆頭魚，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目隆頭魚科的其中一種，分布於東太平洋區，從美國加州至墨西哥下加利福尼亞半島海域，體長可達25公分，棲息在近海礁石區海域，受驚嚇時會躲入沙中，以底棲性無脊椎動物為食，生活習性不明，可作為觀賞魚。
