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Benefits ( англиски )

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A tasty food fish. The most common fishing techniques are "demersal bottom trawling" and "small flatfish (flounders, soles) bottom trawling". The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 17 192 t. The countries with the largest catches were USA (17 192 t).
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Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Shallow water and to about 366 m, usually shallower than 183 m.On more pebbly bottom than most other flatfishes.
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Size ( англиски )

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To about 62 cm.
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Distribution ( англиски )

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Pacific coast of North America, from Bering Strait to Monterrey and San Nicolas Island; Bering Sea; the northern part of Sea of Japan, the Okhotsk Sea and Korean Pen.
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Diagnostic Description ( англиски )

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Body depth contained 2 to 2 1/4 times in standard length. Upper profile of head more or less concave. Mouth small. Supratemporal branch of lateral line with a posterior prolongation. Scales varying from cycloid to roughly tuberculate on ocular side, nearly all cycloid on blind side; scales on ocular side of head nearly always rough. Lateral line straight; scales 70-97. Gillrakers 3-4 + 5-8. Dorsal finrays 68 to 81. Anal finrays 52 to 64. Pectoral fin 10-12. Colour yellowish brown or olivaceous, sometimes numerous round pale spots of varying size; median fins with darker spots and blotches, sometimes vertically elongated to form short bars.
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Diagnostic Description ( англиски )

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Dorsal origin over forward part of eye. Caudal with posterior margin a broad 'V'. Pectorals small and may be asymmetrical (Ref. 6885). Blind side white, with glossy highlights along myotome margins, increasing anteriorly. Pores: supraorbital 3-9; preopercular 5-7; lateral line 70-91. Interorbital space narrow (Ref. 37594).
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Morphology ( англиски )

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 65 - 82; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 50 - 65; Vertebrae: 39 - 42
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Diseases and Parasites ( англиски )

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Nectobrachia Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites ( англиски )

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Naobranchia Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Biology ( англиски )

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Adults occur over sand and gravel substrates to depths of 339 m; larvae collected over depths less than 1,000 m (Ref. 37594). Feed on mollusks, polychaete worms, crustaceans, brittle stars, and fishes (Ref. 6885). A tasty food fish; in some years commercial catch in Canada reaches 3,000 t (Ref. 2850).
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Importance ( англиски )

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fisheries: commercial
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Lepidopsetta bilineata ( германски )

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Lepidopsetta bilineata ist ein Plattfisch aus der Familie der Schollen, welcher die Meeresböden der Küsten des Pazifiks von der Baja California über Alaska und den Aleuten bis zu den südöstlichen Teilen der Beringsee bewohnt.[1] In Deutschland begegnet man dieser Art oft in der Gestalt von tiefgekühlten Fischspeisen, die als aus Pazifischer Scholle bestehend vermarktet werden.

Taxonomie und Nomenklatur

Vor dem Jahr 2000 wurden Lepidopsetta polyxystra und Lepidopsetta bilineata als eine einzige Art der Gattung Lepidopsetta angesehen, doch die Forscher Orr & Matarese publizierten im Jahr 2000 eine Neuaufteilung der Gattung in drei unterschiedliche Arten.[2]

Aufgrund dieser Reklassifikation sollte bei der Verwendung des englischen Trivialnamens "Rock sole" zwischen einer "′Southern′ rock sole" (L. bilineata) und einer "′Northern′ rock sole" (L. polyxystra) unterschieden werden.[3]

Beschreibung

Die Art hat, wie fast alle Schollen, ihre Augen auf der rechten Körperseite. Die Körperoberfläche schwankt in der Färbung zwischen Grau und Oliv sowie Dunkelbraun und Schwarz, ist mehr oder weniger stark marmoriert und weist gelegentlich gelbe oder rote Flecken auf. Die Unterseite ist hell. Die Rücken- und Afterflossen zeigen dunkle Flecken oder Streifen, in Schwanznähe können die Flossen gelblich sein. Die Schwanzflosse ist konvex - abgerundet oder grob V-förmig. Der Fisch hat ein kleines Maul mit fleischigen Lippen, in dem die Zähne deutlicher auf der Unterseite ausgebildet sind.[4]

Rolle im Ökosystem

L. bilineata besetzt eine mittlere Position im Nahrungsnetz ihrer Biotope.

Ernährung

Die Art ernährt sich hauptsächlich von benthischen tierischen Organismen wie Weichtieren, Krebstieren, Schlangensternen, Würmern und auch anderen Fischen.[1]

Fressfeinde

Marine Säugetiere und andere Fische, wie Haie, Pazifischer Pollack, Pazifische Kliesche, Pazifischer Heilbutt und der Pazifische Kabeljau sind Fressfeinde für Lepidopsetta bilineata.[1][3]

Vermehrung

Die Tiere erreichen die Laichreife im Alter zwischen 4 und 7 Jahren. Gelaicht wird im Winter und Vorfrühling. Der Laich haftet am Boden am Ort der Ablage, der Larvenschlupf erfolgt nach 6 bis 25 Tagen.[3]

Kommerzielle Bedeutung

Die Art wird kommerziell befischt und bildet einen wichtigen Teil der Fänge der Schleppnetzfischerei in der Beringsee und dem Golf von Alaska. Die Bestände waren in den 1960er Jahren überfischt, haben sich seitdem aber erholt. Im Jahr 2008 betrug die geschätzte Bestandsmasse von Lepidopsetta bilineata im Golf von Alaska 161 617 Tonnen. Zuvor wurden aus diesem Bestand 1468 Tonnen im Jahr 2004 und 4260 Tonnen im Jahr 2007 entnommen. In Alaska werden die mengenmäßig größten Anteile des weltweiten Fangs dieses Fisches angelandet, 2008 waren es mehr als 52 000 Tonnen.[3]

Belege

  1. a b c Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly: Lepidopsetta bilineata. In: Fishbase. 15. Juli 2009. Abgerufen am 22. Januar 2016.
  2. James W. Orr, Matarese, Ann C.: Revision of the genus Lepidopsetta Gill, 1862 (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on larval and adult morphology, with a description of a new species from the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. (PDF) In: Fishery Bulletin. 98, Nr. 3, July 2000, S. 539–82. Abgerufen am 22. Januar 2016.
  3. a b c d Rock sole. In: FishWatch. National Marine Fisheries Service. 22. Januar 2016. Archiviert vom Original am 3. April 2008. Abgerufen am 18. November 2009.
  4. Rock sole. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Archiviert vom Original am 4. November 2011. Abgerufen am 22. Januar 2016.

Weblinks

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Lepidopsetta bilineata: Brief Summary ( германски )

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Lepidopsetta bilineata ist ein Plattfisch aus der Familie der Schollen, welcher die Meeresböden der Küsten des Pazifiks von der Baja California über Alaska und den Aleuten bis zu den südöstlichen Teilen der Beringsee bewohnt. In Deutschland begegnet man dieser Art oft in der Gestalt von tiefgekühlten Fischspeisen, die als aus Pazifischer Scholle bestehend vermarktet werden.

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Rock sole ( англиски )

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The rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata), also known as the Pacific rock sole or Southern rock sole is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sand and gravel bottoms at depths of up to 575 metres (1,886 ft), though it is most commonly found between 0 and 183 metres (0 and 600 ft). Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northern Pacific, from Baja California to Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and southeastern parts of the Bering Sea. It grows up to 60 centimetres (24 in) in length and can weigh up to 1.8 kilograms (4.0 lb), and has a maximum recorded lifespan of 22 years.[2]

Taxonomy and nomenclature

Prior to 2000 the Northern rock sole and the rock sole, Lepidopsetta bilineata, were considered to be a single species under the genus Lepidopsetta, but work by Orr & Matarese published in 2000 reorganised the genus into three separate taxa.[3]

As a result of this reclassification and renaming, the rock sole may be referred to as the "southern" rock sole, in order to avoid confusion with the Northern rock sole L. polyxystra.[4]

Description

The rock sole is a right-eyed flounder. Its upper surface is grey to olive to dark brown or black, lighter or darker mottling, and is sometimes marked with yellow or red spots; the underside is light. Its dorsal and anal fins have dark blotches or bars, and near the tail fins may be yellowish. The caudal fin is convex – rounded or broadly v-shaped. It has a small mouth with fleshy lips, and teeth are more strongly developed on the underside.[5]

The rock sole is common from the eastern Bering Sea to central California. They can grow to an overall length of 63.5 cm (25 in). [6]

Role in ecosystem

The rock sole occupies a moderately high trophic level in the food chain.

Diet

The diet of the rock soles consists mainly of zoobenthos organisms such as molluscs, crustaceans, brittle stars, marine worms and other fish.[2]

Predators

Rock soles are eaten by marine mammals and other fish, including sharks, Alaska pollock, yellowfin sole, Pacific halibut and Pacific cod.[2][4]

Reproduction

Rock soles reach reproductive maturity at between 4 and 7 years old, and spawn in winter through to early spring. Eggs are demersal and stick to the surface on which they are laid; hatching takes from 6 to 25 days.[4]

Commercial fishing

The rock sole is fished commercially, and forms an important part of two trawl fisheries in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. Although it was overfished in the 1960s stocks have recovered, and the biomass of rock sole in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands population is now estimated to be very high, at twice the level required to support maximum sustainable yield. In 2008 the estimated rock sole biomass in the Gulf of Alaska fishery was some 161,617 tons, compared to catches ranging from 1,468 tons in 2004 to 4,260 tons in 2007. Alaska accounts for the majority of the worldwide harvest of this fish, catching over 52,000 tons of rock sole in 2008.[4]

Rock sole fishing off the coast of the United States is managed by the Pacific Fishery Management Council and the North Pacific Fishery Management Council, two of eight U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils.[4]

References

  1. ^ Bryan, M.; Spies, I.; Stevenson, D. & Munroe, T.A. (2021). "Lepidopsetta bilineata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T158631442A158638011. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T158631442A158638011.en. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2022). "Lepidopsetta bilineata" in FishBase. February 2022 version.
  3. ^ Orr, James W.; Matarese, Ann C. (July 2000). "Revision of the genus Lepidopsetta Gill, 1862 (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on larval and adult morphology, with a description of a new species from the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea" (PDF). Fishery Bulletin. 98 (3): 539–82. Retrieved 2009-11-18.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Rock sole". FishWatch. National Marine Fisheries Service. 2009-10-29. Archived from the original on 2008-04-03. Retrieved 2009-11-18.
  5. ^ "Rock sole". Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Archived from the original on 2009-06-16. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
  6. ^ Miller and Lea's Guide to the Coastal Marine Fishes of California (pg. 345)
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Rock sole: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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The rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata), also known as the Pacific rock sole or Southern rock sole is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sand and gravel bottoms at depths of up to 575 metres (1,886 ft), though it is most commonly found between 0 and 183 metres (0 and 600 ft). Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northern Pacific, from Baja California to Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and southeastern parts of the Bering Sea. It grows up to 60 centimetres (24 in) in length and can weigh up to 1.8 kilograms (4.0 lb), and has a maximum recorded lifespan of 22 years.

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Lepidopsetta bilineata ( баскиски )

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Lepidopsetta bilineata Lepidopsetta generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Pleuronectidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Lepidopsetta bilineata FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Lepidopsetta bilineata: Brief Summary ( баскиски )

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Lepidopsetta bilineata Lepidopsetta generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Pleuronectidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Lepidopsetta bilineata ( француски )

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Lepidopsetta bilineata, la fausse-limande du Pacifique, est une espèce de poissons de la famille des Pleuronectidae.

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Lepidopsetta bilineata ( галициски )

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Lepidopsetta bilineata é un peixe teleósteo da orde dos pleuronectiformes, familia dos pleuronéctidos e subfamilia dos pleuronectinos,[1] unha das tres que integran o xénero Lepidopsetta,[2] coñecida en galego como solla de rocha do Pacífico.[3]

Como todos os peixes da familia dos pleuronéctidos, as especies deste xénero teñen o corpo aplanado, asimétrico, e cos dous ollos situados no lado pigmentado do corpo.

Taxonomía

Descrición

A especie foi descrita en 1855 polo ictiólogo estadounidense William Orville Ayres, baixo o nome de Platessa bilineata.[1]

Etimoloxía

O nome específico, bilineata, fai referencia á rama supratemporal da liña lateral, que está bifurcada. O adxectivo latino bilineata está formado polo elemento bi-, "dous, dúas" e líneata, forma feminina de lineatus, -a, -um "con liña", "que ten liña" (do latín linea, "liña"). Literalmente, "que ten dúas liñas", "bifurcado". A forma feminina é para concordar gramaticalmente co nome do xénero, Lepidopsetta, que é feminino por selo tamén Psetta.

Sinónimos

Ademais de polo nome actualmente válido, e polo orixinario que lle deu Ayres, a especie coñecese tamén polos seguintes sinónimos:[1]

  • Lepidopsetta bilineata bilineata (Ayres, 1855)
  • Platichthys umbrosus Girard, 1856
  • Pleuronectes bilineatus (Ayres, 1855)
  • Pleuronectes perarcuatus Cope, 1873

Características

Trátase dun peixe mariño, demersal, de até 60 cm de lonxitude (as femias, os machos non superan os 58 cm).[4] e que pode chegar a pesar até 1,8 kg.[5]

A súa columna vertebral está formada por de 39 a 42 vértebras. A aleta dorsal presenta entre 65 e 82 raios, mentres que a analcomprende de 50 a 65. A orixe da aleta dorsal sitúase sobre a parte dianteira do ollo superior. A aleta caudal remata cunha marxe posterior que forma unha ampla "V". A aletas pectorais son pequenas, e poden seren asimétricas.[4]

O espazo intraorbital é estreito.[6]

Bioloxía

Hábitat e distribución

Lepidopsetta bilineata vive en fondos de area e grava en profundidades de até os 575 m, aínda que comunmente se encontra entre os 0 e os 183 m.[7]

O seu hábitat natural son as augas temperadas do Pacífico norte, entre os 67° N e os 34° N, e entre os 124° E e os 119° W,[8] desde a Baixa California, polo sur, até Alasca, as illas Aleutianas e parte sueste do mar de Bering, polo norte.[7]

Papel no ecosistema

Lepidopsetta bilineata ocupa un nivel trófico moderadamente alto na cadea alimentaria.[4]

Alimentación

Aliméntase de moluscos, vermes poliquetos, crustáceos, ofiúras e pequenos peixes.

Predadores

Esta especie é depredada por mamíferos mariños e por outros peixes, incluíndo diversos tiburóns, o bacallau de Alasca (Gadus chalcogrammus) o bacallau do Pacífico (Gadus macrocephalus) e outros peixes planos, como o hipogloso do Pacífico (Hippoglossus stenolepis) e a limanda áspera (Limanda aspera).[7][9]

Reprodución

Ledopsetta bilineata alcanza a madureza reprodutiva entre os 4 e os 7 anos de idade. A desova prodúcese en inverno e principios da primavera. Os ovos son demersais e permanecen na superficie na que se depositan, A eclosión ocorre entre os 6 e os 25 días despois da posta.[9]

Lonxevidade

A máxima idade rexistrada alcanza os 22 anos.[10]

Pesca

Lepidopsetta bilineata é un saboroso peixe utilizado como alimento, e forma parte importante das pescarías de arrastre no mar de Bering e no golfo de Alasca. Aínda que a súa explotación foi excesiva nos anos 1960, as poboacións recuperáronse e hoxe en día estímase que a súa biomasa no mar de Bering e as illas Aleutianas é moi alta, até dúas veces o nivel necesario para o rendemento máximo sustentábel. En 2008 a súa biomasa estimada na pescaría do golfo de Alasca era dunhas 102.303 t, en comparación coas capturas, que oscilaron desde as 453 t en 2004 e as 4.330 t en 2006.[9]

As capturas comerciais en varios anos en Canadá alcanzaron as 3.000 t.[11]

Notas

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855) no WoRMS.
  2. Lepidopsetta Gill, 1862 no WoRMS.
  3. Lahuerta Mouriño, Fernando e Francisco X. Vázquez Álvarez (2000): Vocabulario multilingüe de organismos acuáticos. Santiago de Compostela: Xunta de Galicia / Termigal. ISBN 84-453-2913-8, p. 82.
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 Hart, J. L. (1973): "Pacific fishes of Canada". Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180.
  5. Fadéev, N. S. (1971): Biology and fisheries of the Pacific Ocean flatfishes. Vladivostok, Russia: Dal'izdat.
  6. Orr, J. W. & A. C. Matarese (2000).
  7. 7,0 7,1 7,2 Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855) en FishBase.
  8. FAO-FIGIS (2005): A world overview of species of interest to fisheries. Capítulo Lepidopsetta bilineata. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS.
  9. 9,0 9,1 9,2 "Rock Sole Lepidopsetta bilineata (South) and L. polyxystra (North) en Fish Watch, U. S. Seafoods Facts, NOAA.". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 03 de abril de 2008. Consultado o 03 de abril de 2008.
  10. Munk, K. M. (2001): "Maximum ages of groundfishes in waters off Alaska and British Columbia and consideration of age determination". Alaska Fish. Res. Bull. 8 (1): 12-21.
  11. Eschmeyer, W. N.; E. S. Herald & H. Hammann (1983): A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

  • Allen, M. J. & G. B. Smith (1988): "Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific". NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 66.
  • Cooper, J. A. & F. Chapleau (1998): "Monophyly and intrarelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised classification". Fish. Bull. 96 (4): 686-726.
  • Nelson, Joseph S. (2006): Fishes of the World. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
  • Orr, J. W. & A. C. Matarese (2000): "Revision of the genus Lepidopsetta Gill, 1862 (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on larval and adult morphology, with a description of a new species from the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea". Fishery Bulletin 98: 539-582.

Outros artigos

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Lepidopsetta bilineata: Brief Summary ( галициски )

добавил wikipedia gl Galician

Lepidopsetta bilineata é un peixe teleósteo da orde dos pleuronectiformes, familia dos pleuronéctidos e subfamilia dos pleuronectinos, unha das tres que integran o xénero Lepidopsetta, coñecida en galego como solla de rocha do Pacífico.

Como todos os peixes da familia dos pleuronéctidos, as especies deste xénero teñen o corpo aplanado, asimétrico, e cos dous ollos situados no lado pigmentado do corpo.

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Pacifische schol ( холандски; фламански )

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Vissen

De Pacifische schol (Lepidopsetta bilineata) is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van schollen (Pleuronectidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1855 door Ayres.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Lepidopsetta bilineata. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
Geplaatst op:
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Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Lepidopsetta bilineata ( украински )

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  1. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly (15 July 2009). Lepidopsetta bilineata. Fishbase. Процитовано 2009-11-17.


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Lepidopsetta bilineata: Brief Summary ( украински )

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Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly (15 July 2009). Lepidopsetta bilineata. Fishbase. Процитовано 2009-11-17.


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雙線鰈 ( кинески )

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二名法 Lepidopsetta bilineata
Ayres, 1855

雙線鰈輻鰭魚綱鰈形目鰈亞目牙鮃科的其中一,為温帶海水魚,分布於北太平洋區,從白令海東南部至下加利福尼亞海域,棲息深度0-575公尺,體長可達60公分,棲息在沙石底質底層水域,以多毛類軟體動物甲殼類海星魚類為食,生活習性不明,可作為食用魚。

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雙線鰈: Brief Summary ( кинески )

добавил wikipedia 中文维基百科

雙線鰈為輻鰭魚綱鰈形目鰈亞目牙鮃科的其中一,為温帶海水魚,分布於北太平洋區,從白令海東南部至下加利福尼亞海域,棲息深度0-575公尺,體長可達60公分,棲息在沙石底質底層水域,以多毛類軟體動物甲殼類海星魚類為食,生活習性不明,可作為食用魚。

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авторски права
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