dcsimg

Trophic Strategy ( англиски )

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Occurs in the sea, but found mostly in estuaries; also found in landlocked brackish and freshwater lagoons (Ref. 93596), also rivers and lakes (Ref. 188). Entire life cycle is completed in the estuary (Ref. 32693). Feeds chiefly on zooplankton by filtering or selecting individual organisms from the water column (Ref. 7248, 52193). It can tolerate salinities under 4 ppt and of up to 52.6 ppt (Ref. 32693).
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Morphology ( англиски )

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 15; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 20
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Migration ( англиски )

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Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).
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Life Cycle ( англиски )

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A semelparous species that grows to maturity and spawns in one year (Ref. 34361).
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Diagnostic Description ( англиски )

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Diagnosis: Body rather compressed, belly rounded, with 6 to 9 thin unkeeled pre-pelvic scutes followed by an equally thin pelvic scute, all with slender ascending arms; no post-pelvic scutes; snout pointed, lower jaw a little prominent, with a single row of fine teeth in each jaw; posterior supra-maxilla paddle-shaped; gillrakers 39 to 76, gillrakers small but present on posterior face of third epibranchial; pelvic fin with i-7 finrays, under or a little before dorsal fin origin (Ref. 188). Resembles Spratelloides species or juvenile Etrumeus and Dussumieria, but pre-pelvic scutes present; other clupeids occuring in same area have keeled pre-pelvic and post-pelvic scutes (Ref. 188).Description: Body compressed, fusiform; belly rounded; fins short, pectorals low on body, pelvics before dorsal, anal long-based, caudal forked (Ref. 3259; 7248, 52193). Mouth upturned, eyes large (Ref. 7248, 52193). Upper jaw rounded when seen from front (Ref. 188). Lower gillrakers apparently highly variable, 39-76 (Ref. 3259, 118219). Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 11-12 branched rays; anal fin with 3 unbranched and 17 branched rays; pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 10-11 branched rays; pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 7 branched rays; pelvic fin base in front of dorsal fin base; pelvic fin reaching more than halfway to anus (Ref. 3259, 7248, 52193). Scales light and easily shed, about 40 in longitudinal series; transverse scales 9-10 (Ref. 7248, 52193, 118219). Belly with 6-9 thin scutes before pelvic fin, only visible when belly scales removed and surface dried; no post-pelvic scutes (Ref. 3259).Colouration: Silvery; top and sides of head and body thickly sprinkled with black dots; brilliant silver lateral stripe, on hind part of side; back dark (Ref. 3259, 36031). In alcohol: a uniform light brown with a faint midlateral silvery band; individual bases of dorsal and anal rays black pigmented; two short dark pigment lines at base of anal, one almost horizontal along upper border, the other oblique on lower border (Ref. 118219).
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Biology ( англиски )

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Occurs in the sea, but found mostly in estuaries; also found in landlocked brackish and freshwater lagoons (Ref. 93596), also rivers and lakes (Ref. 188). Maximum size 10 cm (Ref. 4967). Entire life cycle is completed in the estuary (Ref. 32693). Breeds throughout the year with a peak in spring and early summer (Ref. 7248, 52193). Maturity may be attained within the first or second year and an age of up to 5 or 6 years is recorded (Ref. 7248, 52193). Feeds chiefly on zooplankton by filtering or selecting individual organisms from the water column (Ref. 7248, 52193). It can tolerate salinities under 4 ppt and of up to 52.6 ppt (Ref. 32693). Utilized fresh or dried and salted (Ref. 12484).
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Importance ( англиски )

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fisheries: subsistence fisheries; bait: usually
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Rivierrondeharing ( африканс )

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Die Rivierrondeharing (Gilchristella aestuaria) is 'n vis wat endemies is aan Suid-Afrika en kom voor vanaf die Olifantsrivier tot by die suide van Mosambiek. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Estuarine roundherring.

Voorkoms

Die lyf is ietwat plat. Die vis is deurskynend blou met 'n ligte streep langs die sye. Dit het 'n silwer kop en die onderste gedeelte van die liggaam is ook silwer. Daar is ook swart kolletjies aan die rugkant en kop van die vis. Die vis word slegs 7 cm groot

Habitat

Die vis kom voor in riviermondings, kusbaaie en mere en bly in skole saam en word selde in die see gevind. Hulle vreet soöplankton deur of filter-voeding of deur die prooi een-een te jag.

Sien ook

Bronne

Eksterne skakel

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Rivierrondeharing: Brief Summary ( африканс )

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Die Rivierrondeharing (Gilchristella aestuaria) is 'n vis wat endemies is aan Suid-Afrika en kom voor vanaf die Olifantsrivier tot by die suide van Mosambiek. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Estuarine roundherring.

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Gilchristella aestuaria ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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Gilchristella aestuaria és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels clupèids i l'única del gènere Gilchristella.[4]

Descripció

  • Pot arribar a fer 10 cm de llargària màxima.
  • 12-18 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 16-27 a l'anal.[5][6]

Reproducció

Té lloc al llarg de tot l'any amb un pic a la primavera i inicis de l'estiu.[5]

Alimentació

Menja principalment zooplàncton.[7]

Depredadors

A Sud-àfrica és depredat per Galeichthys feliceps, Elops machnata, Thryssa vitrirostris, Pomatomus saltatrix, Argyrosomus holepidotus, Argyrosomus hololepidotus, Lichia amia, Monodactylus falciformis, Platycephalus indicus, Ceryle rudis i Hydroprogne tschegrava.[8]

Hàbitat

És un peix d'aigua dolça, salabrosa i marina; pelàgic-nerític; amfídrom i de clima subtropical (25°S-36°S, 17°E-34°E).[5][9][10]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Àfrica: Moçambic, Sud-àfrica, Swazilàndia i Tanzània.[11][12][13][13][14][15][6][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

Longevitat

Pot assolir els 6 anys d'edat.[23]

Ús comercial

Es comercialitza fresc o en salaó.[24]

Observacions

És inofensiu per als humans.[5]

Referències

  1. Fowler H. W., 1935. South African fishes received from Mr. H. W. Bell-Marley in 1935. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 87. 361-408.
  2. Gilchrist, J. D. F., 1913. Review of the South African clupeidae (herrings) and allied families of fishes. Marine biological report: for the year ended ... and for the half year ending ...; to be presented to the Provincial Council; Union of South Africa, Province of the Cape of Good Hope. Núm. 1: 46-66, Pl. 2.
  3. Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  4. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 FishBase (anglès)
  6. 6,0 6,1 Eccles, D.H., 1992. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Roma. 145 p.
  7. Skelton, P.H., 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p.
  8. FishBase (anglès)
  9. Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303.
  10. Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
  11. FishBase (anglès)
  12. Bennett, B.A., 1989. The diets of fish in three south-western Cape estuarine systems. S. Afr. J. Zool. 24(3):163-177.
  13. 13,0 13,1 Blaber, S.J.M., 1979. The biology of filter feeding teleosts in Lake St Lucia, Zululand. J. Fish Biol. 15:37-59.
  14. Blaber, S.J.M., 1997. Fish and fisheries of tropical estuaries. Fish and Fisheries Ser. 22, Chapman and Hall, Londres. 367 p.
  15. Day, J.H. i J.R. Grindley, 1981. The estuarine ecosystem and environmental constraints. P. 345-372. A: J.H. Day (ed.). Estuarine ecology with particular reference to southern Africa. A.A. Balkema, Ciutat del Cap.
  16. Harrison, T.D., 2001. Length-weight relationships of fishes from South African estuaries. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 17(1):46-48.
  17. Bruton, M.N., P.B.N. Jackson i P.H. Skelton, 1982. Pocket guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Centaur Publishers, Ciutat del Cap. 88 p.
  18. Marais, J.F.K., 1984. Feeding ecology of major carnivorous fish from four eastern Cape estuaries. S. Afr. J. Zool. 19(3):210-223.
  19. Poll, M., G.G. Teugels i P.J.P. Whitehead, 1984. Clupeidae. P. 41-55. A: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse i D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.). Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, París i MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1.
  20. Smith, J.L.B., 1969. Fishes of Inhaca. p. 131-136. A: W. Macnae i M. Kalk (eds.) A natural history of Inhaca Island, Moçambique. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg.
  21. Stiassny, M.L.J. i N. Raminosoa, 1994. The fishes of the inland waters of Madagascar. p.133-148. A: G.G. Teugels, J.-F. Guégan i J.-J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh- and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 de novembre de 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool. 275:177 p.
  22. Whitfield, A.K., 1998. Biology and ecology of fishes in southern African estuaries. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Sud-àfrica. 223 p.
  23. Skelton, P.H., 1993.
  24. Van der Elst, R., 1993. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3a edició) Struik Publishers, Ciutat del Cap, Sud-àfrica. 398 p.


Bibliografia

  • Anònim, 1997. Registres de peixos de la base de dades del Museu de la Secció de Vertebrats del Museu Reial de l'Àfrica Central. MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes, Bèlgica.
  • Anònim, 2000. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
  • Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
  • Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba i K.E. Carpenter, 1994. SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). Núm. 9. Roma, FAO. 103 p.
  • Talbot, M.M.J.-F. i D. Baird, 1985. Oxygen consumption of the estuarine round herring Gilchristella aestuaris (Gilchrist & Thompson). S. Afr. J. Zool. 20:1-4.
  • Whitfield, A.K. i S.J.M. Blaber, 1978. Feeding ecology of piscivorous birds at Lake St. Lucia. Part 1. Diving birds. Ostrich, 49(4):185-198.
  • Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.


Enllaços externs

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Gilchristella aestuaria: Brief Summary ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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Gilchristella aestuaria és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels clupèids i l'única del gènere Gilchristella.

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Gilchristella ( англиски )

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Gilchristella aestuaria, the Gilchrist's round herring or estuarine round-herring,[2] is a member of the herring family Clupeidae that occurs off the coasts of Southern Africa. It is the only species in its genus, which was named for John Dow Fisher Gilchrist (1866–1926).[3]

Information

There are no indications of major threats to this species. It is considered to be of least concern for becoming an endangered species.[1]

Size

The average length of the G. aestuaria as an unsexed male is about ten centimeters.[4]

Habitat

The Gilchristella aestuaria can be found in a marine environment and in freshwater. The habitat is located in subtropical climates. This species is primarily found in estuaries, lagoons, lakes, and rivers.[4] It is considered an extremely important fish in estuaries of South Africa .[5] This small sardine-like fish lives in large shoals and provides an important link in the food chain as a food source to larger fish and water birds.[5] This fish does not survive in an aquarium, presumably dying from capture myopathy or stress.[5]

Distribution

The Gilchristella aestuaria is distributed throughout the following areas:

  • Africa
  • Lake Piti
  • Mozambique
  • Southern African coast
  • Saldanha Bay
  • Orange River[4]
  • Namibia
  • South Africa
  • Eastern Cape Province
  • KwaZulu-Natal
  • Northern Cape Province [1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Bills, R. (2007). "Gilchristella aestuaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T63245A12644478. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63245A12644478.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Gilchristella aestuaria Estuarine round-herring". Animal Diversity. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  3. ^ "John Dow Fisher Gilchrist". Neglected Science. 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  4. ^ a b c "Gilchristella aestuaria". Fish Base. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  5. ^ a b c Paul Skelton (1993). A Complete Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. p. 390. ISBN 1-86812-350-2.

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Gilchristella: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Gilchristella aestuaria, the Gilchrist's round herring or estuarine round-herring, is a member of the herring family Clupeidae that occurs off the coasts of Southern Africa. It is the only species in its genus, which was named for John Dow Fisher Gilchrist (1866–1926).

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Gilchristella aestuaria ( баскиски )

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Gilchristella aestuaria Gilchristella generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Clupeidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Gilchristella aestuaria FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Gilchristella aestuaria: Brief Summary ( баскиски )

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Gilchristella aestuaria Gilchristella generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Clupeidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Gilchristella aestuaria ( француски )

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Gilchristella aestuaria est une espèce de poissons de la famille Clupeidae présente au large des côtes d'Afrique australe. C'est la seule espèce du genre Gilchristella qui a été nommé en hommage à l'ichtyologiste sud-africain John Dow Fisher Gilchrist (1866-1926)[3]. Ce poisson abondant en de nombreux endroits ne semble pas particulièrement menacé et l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN) le classe parmi les espèces de « préoccupation mineure »[2].

Description

G. aesturia mesure généralement 10 cm à l'âge adulte. L'extrémité avant de sa tête est pointue ; la mâchoire inférieure est légèrement saillante et comprend, comme la mâchoire supérieure, une rangée de petites dents. Le poisson vit jusqu'à 6 ans[4].

Répartition géographique et habitat

La présence de l'espèce est confirmée en Afrique du Sud, en Namibie et au Mozambique. G. aesturia occupe des habitats marins ou d'eau douce : on le trouve principalement dans des estuaires fermés ou ouverts, dans des lagons, mais également dans de larges fleuves ainsi que dans des lacs[4]. Il tient une place importante dans l'écosystème des estuaires sud-africains : assez similaire à la sardine, ce poisson vivant en banc est un important maillon de la chaîne alimentaire puisqu'il est la proie de gros poissons ainsi que d'oiseaux d'eau[5].

Références taxonomiques

Genre
Espèce

Références

  1. (en) « Synonymes de Gilchristella aestuaria », sur FishBase.org (consulté en février 2015)
  2. a et b (en) « Fiche de Gilchristella aestuaria », sur iucnredlist.org (consulté en février 2015)
  3. (en) « John Dow Fisher Gilchrist », sur neglectedscience.com (consulté en février 2015)
  4. a et b (en) « Fiche de Gilchristella aestuaria », sur FishBase.org (consulté en février 2015)
  5. (en) Paul Skelton, A Complete Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa, Southern Book Publishers, 1993, 390 p. (ISBN 1-86812-350-2)
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Gilchristella aestuaria: Brief Summary ( француски )

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Gilchristella aestuaria est une espèce de poissons de la famille Clupeidae présente au large des côtes d'Afrique australe. C'est la seule espèce du genre Gilchristella qui a été nommé en hommage à l'ichtyologiste sud-africain John Dow Fisher Gilchrist (1866-1926). Ce poisson abondant en de nombreux endroits ne semble pas particulièrement menacé et l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN) le classe parmi les espèces de « préoccupation mineure ».

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Gilchristella aestuaria ( холандски; фламански )

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Vissen

Gilchristella aestuaria is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van haringen (Clupeidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1913 door Gilchrist.

De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als niet bedreigd, beoordelingsjaar 2007.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. a b (en) Gilchristella aestuaria op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. (en) Gilchristella aestuaria. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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南非吉氏鯡 ( кинески )

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二名法 Gilchristella aestuaria
Gilchrist, 1913

南非吉氏鯡輻鰭魚綱鲱形目鲱科的其中一,分布於非洲莫三比克南非淡水流域,體長可達10公分,棲息在河川下游、潟湖,成群活動,以浮游生物為食,可做為食用魚。

參考文獻

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南非吉氏鯡: Brief Summary ( кинески )

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南非吉氏鯡為輻鰭魚綱鲱形目鲱科的其中一,分布於非洲莫三比克南非淡水流域,體長可達10公分,棲息在河川下游、潟湖,成群活動,以浮游生物為食,可做為食用魚。

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