Although there is little information regarding the natural predators of black-cowled orioles, potential predators include jays, squirrels, snakes and raptors. The eggs and young of sympatric oriole species are prey to the aforementioned predator species.
Black-cowled orioles are small black and yellow orioles (Skutch 1996) found in Mexico and Central America. In adult males the head, wings, tail and chest are black while the back and underparts are yellow. A yellow wing patch (epaulet) is present in males, which is duller in females and immature individuals. A reddish-brown line divides the black and yellow patches where they meet at the chest (Davis 1972; Jaramillo and Burke 1999). As in other orioles, the bill is slightly curved and black, juveniles have a pinkish bill. Adult females are similar to adult males, but have duller plumage. The upperparts, which are yellow in males, are washed olive, the crown and nape are dull olive-yellow, though these regions are black in the male, and the wings are brownish, instead of the jet-black seen in males. Juveniles are similar in coloration to adult females, but are even duller (Howell and Webb 1995; Jaramillo and Burke 1999).
Black-cowled orioles may be mistaken in the field for Audubon’s orioles (Icterus graduacauda) or yellow-tailed orioles (Icterus chrysater) (Davis 1972; Howell and Webb 1995). However, Audubon’s orioles do not share their range with black-cowled orioles, while yellow-tailed orioles are brighter yellow and have more black on the shoulders (Howell and Webb 1995).
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male more colorful
Information on lifespan is not available in the literature.
Black-cowled orioles are a habitat edge species, preferring woodland and open fields with scattered brush (Howell 1999; Howell and Webb 1995; Jaramillo and Burke 1999; Will 1991). This species is also frequently seen in orchards, especially citrus plantations (Jaramillo and Burke 1999; Will 1991). They have also been seen in stands of bamboo and banana. This species also inhabits second-growth forest. Black-cowled orioles are found at elevations up to 3000 m (Davis 1972).
Range elevation: 0 to 3000 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; scrub forest ; mountains
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
Black-cowled orioles are native to coastal Mexico and Central America. Their range extends from southern Mexico, down the Atlantic coast of Central America to the Isthmus of Panama and includes the entire Yucatan peninsula. In Mexico, black-cowled orioles can be found in eastern Veracruz, northern Chiapas, northern Oaxaca, and in Yucatan (Howell 1999; Howell and Webb 1995; Jaramillo and Burke 1999; Toledo 1977) The nominate subspecies is found in the northern half of the range to Nicaragua. A second subspecies, I. p. praecox, is found from Nicaragua to the southernmost reaches of the range (Jaramillo and Burke 1999; Will 1991). A vagrant black-cowled oriole was sighted as far north as Nova Scotia (MacLaren 1981).
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )
Black-cowled orioles are largely frugivorous, but supplements their diet with insects and nectar. They prefer nectar from legumes, citrus, agave, and yucca. Black-cowled orioles are ‘nectar robbers’: they pierce the base of a flower to drain the nectar. As in other oriole species, members of this species have been known to employ "gaping" to forage in epiphytes, prying open plant material with its strong bill to gain access to burrowing insects (Jaramillo and Burke 1999; Skutch 1996).
Animal Foods: insects
Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; nectar
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Black-cowled orioles likely spread seeds through their feces and may aid in expanding the range of some plants. In addition, this species plays a minor role in regulating insect populations. Black-cowled orioles appear to be a favored host for shiny cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis) (Jaramillo and Burke 1999). See “Food Habits” and “Predation” for more information.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Black-cowled orioles may occasionally help to pollinate crop fruit trees and disperse the seeds of fruits they eat, thus rendering "ecosystem services" (e.g., carbon sequestering by tropical forests).
Positive Impacts: pollinates crops; controls pest population
Although black-cowled orioles are frugivorous, there is no indication that they are considered a major crop pest.
Black-cowled orioles are listed as “Least Concern” by the IUCN. Population size is estimated as greater than 50,000 worldwide and does not appear to have greatly declined in numbers (Butchart, Ekstrom, and Bird 2009). Population density for this species is greatest in Nicaragua, Panama, and southwest Yucatan. This species is protected by the US Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
US Migratory Bird Act: protected
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Black-cowled orioles are a relatively quiet species and have been described as being difficult to hear in the field. Their song is described by Jaramillo and Burke (1999) as a “sweet, soft warble”. The primary call has been described by Howell and Webb (1995) as being a harsh cheh-cheh-cheh-chek. A single note from the previously described phrase is occasionally heard.
Communication Channels: acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA sequences suggested that the Icterus dominicensis group was in fact polyphyletic. The subspecies I. d. prosthemelas is most closely related to the orchard oriole group (Icterus spurius). The conservation of the general plumage patterning indicates that the pattern seen in Icterus prosthemelas from the Caribbean Islands— black upperparts, wings, and tail with bright underparts and a bright epaulet—is most likely the ancestral state for the clade containing Icterus prosthemelas, Icterus dominicensis, Icterus oberi, and Icterus cayanensis (Omland et al. 2000) In addition to sharing most recent common ancestors, the geographic ranges of Icterus prosthemelas and Icterus fuertesi are adjacent to one another (though the two species are allopatric).
Black-cowled orioles are sexually monogamous, their breeding season lasting from March until July (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).
Mating System: monogamous
Black-cowled orioles attempt to raise a single clutch of two to four eggs per breeding season, like most other oriole species. The nest is a hanging basket that is woven of fine fibers and is usually placed underneath a banana leaf. The nest is attached to the leaf in an unusual manner: a bird will puncture the leaf to thread fiber through the leaf, resulting in a nest that is “sewn” into the tree. Though black-cowled orioles prefer banana trees, they will also nest in true palms or sago palms (Jaramillo and Burke 1999; Skutch 1996). An old source claims that a mated pair will cooperate to construct a nest (which would be unusual for songbirds) (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).
Breeding interval: A single clutch is laid per breeding season.
Breeding season: Breeding occurs from March until July.
Range eggs per season: 2 to 4.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous
Parental investment could not be evaluated given available information. Parents cooperate to raise their young.
Parental Investment: altricial ; male parental care ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female)
Distribucion General: Se encuentran desde el sur de México hasta el oeste de Panamá, las Bahamas y Antillas Mayores.
Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.
'''Icterus prosthemelas, tamién conocíu como turpial cabecinegro,[2] ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae, propiu d'América Central y Méxicu.[1] Estrémense 2 subespecies.[3]
Ye nativu de Panamá, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Méxicu, y posiblemente Hondures.[1] Asocede por fuercia en Puertu Ricu.[1] El so hábitat natural compónse de monte húmedu subtropical y tropical, cerca d'espacios abiertos como savanas, pacionales, y carbes.[4] Tamién asocede en güertos, especialmente en plantíos cítricos.[4]
Reconócense les siguientes subespecies:[3]
.
Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies. Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO. '''Icterus prosthemelas, tamién conocíu como turpial cabecinegro, ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae, propiu d'América Central y Méxicu. Estrémense 2 subespecies.
The black-cowled oriole (Icterus prosthemelas) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is common and widespread in the Caribbean lowlands and foothills from southern Mexico to western Panama. It lives primarily in humid or semihumid forest, as well as in clearings, along forest edges, in plantations, in semi-open areas with scattered trees and bushes, and in gardens. The adult male is black, with yellow on the belly, shoulder, rump, wing lining, and crissum. The female's plumage varies depending on location. In the south of its range, it is similar to that of the male. In the north, its crown and upperparts are olive-yellow, while its face, throat, upper breast, wings, and tail are black.
It forages mostly at mid-levels, and its diet includes a mix of arthropods, nectar and fruit. The female lays three eggs in a shallow pendent nest, which is stitched to the underside of a large leaf. Both parents defend the nest, and brood and feed the young. Due to its very large range and apparently stable population, it is considered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature to be a species of least concern.
First described by Hugh Strickland in 1850, the black-cowled oriole has at times been considered conspecific with several oriole species from the Greater Antilles. There are two subspecies, I. p. prosthemelas and I. p. praecox, which differ in their juvenile plumage.
English ornithologist Hugh Strickland first described the black-cowled oriole in 1850, using a specimen collected in Guatemala.[2] That type specimen resides at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[5] Strickland named it Xanthornus prosthemelas. Philip Sclater moved it to the genus Icterus in 1856, and most taxonomists followed suit, though a few put it in the now-defunct genus Pendulinus instead.[6] It was considered a distinct species until 1947, when ornithologist James Bond lumped it with oriole species found on various islands in the Greater Antilles. He named them all Icterus dominicensis.[4] However, molecular studies done since have shown that its genetics vary significantly from those of the Antillean species, and taxonomists elevated it to full species status again in 2000.[4][7] Those same studies showed that its closest relative is the orchard oriole.[4][7]
Taxonomists recognize two subspecies, which differ in juvenile plumage:[8]
The genus name Icterus comes from the Ancient Greek ikteros, meaning "yellow bird". The Greek word may originally have referred to the European golden oriole.[10] The specific epithet prosthemelas is a combination of the Greek words prosthen, meaning "front" and melas, meaning "black".[10] In the past, it was also known as Lesson's oriole.[3]
The black-cowled oriole is a medium-sized passerine, ranging in length from 18.5 to 21 cm (7.3 to 8.3 in).[nb 1] Males are larger and heavier than females, averaging 32.5 g (1.15 oz) while females average only 27.5 g (0.97 oz).[2][12] In the north of the range, males and females are sexually dimorphic, while in the south, their plumages are similar.[13][14] In both sexes, the bill is slender, slightly decurved, and black, with a silvery base to the lower mandible.[14] The adult male's plumage is mostly black, with bright yellow patches on the shoulder, rump, and uppertail coverts. The wing lining, lower breast, thighs, and crissum are completely yellow, with a narrow wash of chestnut between the black and yellow on the breast.[14] Where the female's plumage differs, she has a black face, throat and upper breast, with an olive-yellow crown and upperparts. Some females, particularly further south in the range, show a mix of black and yellow feathers on the head and back, while others have entirely black heads, and still others fully resemble males.[13] Both sexes have blue-gray legs and feet, and brown eyes.[15]
The immature of I. p. praecox is dull yellow-olive above and dull yellow below; the feathers on its back have black bases, which sometimes show through. Its face, forehead and throat are matte black, as are its wings and tail.[14] This plumage is retained for a year, though individual, heavily worn, feathers may be replaced.[13]
all-black head, back, wings, and tail of North Central America population
_Orange_Walk.jpg)
yellow back of South Central America population
some Northern females and immature birds show yellow on the crown and back
.jpg)
yellow crissum distinguishes this species from the otherwise similar black-vented oriole
The bird's song is a fairly quiet, complicated series of soft, whistled notes and harsher chattering.[13][16][17] These are described as being variously clear, metallic, slurred and mellow, and are delivered in an apparently random order.[14] Its calls include a scratchy, rising weet, a nasal deep, a nasal eeaahnk, a quiet tee-u, and a sharper beehk or bihk.[14][16] When alarmed, it gives a scolding series of sharp cherp and chep notes, variously transcribed as cheh-cheh-cheh-chek and churr'churr'churr, sometimes interspersed with snatches of song.[13][14][16][18]
The juvenile black-cowled oriole resembles both the yellow-tailed oriole and the juvenile orchard oriole, but can be distinguished by its completely black tail and its lack of wing bars.[17] It is larger than an orchard oriole and much smaller than a yellow-tailed oriole.[14] Though the black-cowled oriole looks similar to the black-vented oriole, the two species are allopatric and live in different habitats; the black-vented oriole is found in dry highlands.[13][19] The black-vented oriole is larger, bulkier, and longer-tailed, with a black crissum, an orangey-yellow belly, and a longer, straighter beak.[13][16] Immature birds show less black on the face than do immature black-cowled orioles.[13] Female and immature black-cowled orioles can be confused with the yellow-backed oriole, but that species is brighter yellow on the head and back, with less black on the face, and a stouter, straighter bill.[13] Females and immatures also resemble the female bar-winged oriole, but that species is probably allopatric (found only on the Pacific slope), and typically has less dark wings and tail, and a pale wing bar.[13] Audubon's oriole, which is seldom found in the same habitat or range, is larger, with a heavier, straight beak and tertials which are edged in white in fresh plumage.[13]
The black-cowled oriole occurs throughout much of eastern Central America, from southern Mexico through western Panama. It lives in the Caribbean lowlands and foothills at elevations from sea level to 1,300 m (4,300 ft),[17] though primarily below 500 m (1,600 ft).[19] It is fairly common across its range.[16] In the early 21st century, it expanded its range to the Pacific slope of Costa Rica, with scattered reports of sightings in the central and southern lowlands.[17][20] It is found in humid and semihumid forest, including in clearings and along edges, as well as in more open areas with scattered bushes and trees.[13] In forested areas, it is generally located along waterways. It favors open woodland and plantations, especially banana plantations, and is regularly associated with palms.[15] In the southern part of its range, it prefers more open habitats, including gardens, forest edges, and second growth.[17]
The black-cowled oriole is a resident species.[19] It doesn't migrate, and has not been reliably recorded anywhere as a vagrant.[15] It typically moves in pairs or small groups, and often accompanies mixed-species flocks.[19] It mixes regularly with other oriole species.[13] It roosts in loose groups in tall grass, and youngsters sometimes travel together in flocks.[14]
The black-cowled oriole is thought to be a monogamous species.[2] It builds a shallow, pendent nest, which typically measures about 8 cm (3.1 in) in depth.[2][15] The nest is situated 5–35 ft (1.5–10.7 m) above the ground. Made of fine, pale fibers, it is typically suspended from the midrib of a large-leafed plant, such as a heliconia, palm, or banana.[14][21] Sometimes, a fold at the edge of the leaf is used instead of the midrib. The oriole makes holes in the leaf and laces fibers through the holes to hang the nest. Occasionally, pairs build under the eaves of a house, hanging the nest from nails or wires.[14] Black-cowled orioles breed solitarily, though pairs in the Yucatán Peninsula sometimes nest in or near orange oriole colonies. The female lays three eggs, which are white with brown speckles and measure 23 mm (0.91 in) in length.[2][21] Both parents defend the nest and both brood and feed the nestlings.[2]
The black-cowled oriole eats a mixed diet of arthropods, fruits, and nectar, poking and prodding among plant foliage for prey, and sometimes hanging head downward to remove prey from the underside of leaves.[2][14] It forages at mid-level, often in palms, and takes fruits from trees including various Cecropia species, Talisia olivaeformis, Ehretia tinifolia, Stemmadenia donnell-smithii, Bursera simaruba, and Trophis racemosa.[14][16][22][23][24] It takes nectar from the flowers of a variety of epiphytes, (including Columnea species) and from tree species including Bernoullia flammea, various Inga species, bananas, and Erythrina costaricensis, pollinating them in the process.[14][25][26]
The International Union for Conservation of Nature considers the black-cowled oriole to be a species of least concern, due to its large range and apparently stable population numbers. Population estimates made by Partners in Flight range from 50,000 to 499,000 individuals, with no evidence of declines or serious threats to the species.[1] Due primarily to the bird's striking colors, Costa Ricans regularly capture and cage the species for pets.[21]
Black-cowled orioles serve as prey for several species. They respond to playback of the ferruginous pygmy owl, suggesting that they recognize the species as a threat.[27] Roadside hawks have been documented taking them in flight several times.[28] Researchers have isolated the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus from a black-cowled oriole in Panama.[29]
The black-cowled oriole (Icterus prosthemelas) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is common and widespread in the Caribbean lowlands and foothills from southern Mexico to western Panama. It lives primarily in humid or semihumid forest, as well as in clearings, along forest edges, in plantations, in semi-open areas with scattered trees and bushes, and in gardens. The adult male is black, with yellow on the belly, shoulder, rump, wing lining, and crissum. The female's plumage varies depending on location. In the south of its range, it is similar to that of the male. In the north, its crown and upperparts are olive-yellow, while its face, throat, upper breast, wings, and tail are black.
It forages mostly at mid-levels, and its diet includes a mix of arthropods, nectar and fruit. The female lays three eggs in a shallow pendent nest, which is stitched to the underside of a large leaf. Both parents defend the nest, and brood and feed the young. Due to its very large range and apparently stable population, it is considered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature to be a species of least concern.
First described by Hugh Strickland in 1850, the black-cowled oriole has at times been considered conspecific with several oriole species from the Greater Antilles. There are two subspecies, I. p. prosthemelas and I. p. praecox, which differ in their juvenile plumage.
La Kapuĉa iktero (Icterus prosthemelas) estas specio de birdo de la familio de Ikteredoj kaj de ties tipa genro nome Ikteroj kiu enhavas speciojn kiuj montras flavajn kaj nigrajn kolorojn.
Tiu ĉi specio estas tipa kazo de tiu kolorkombino ĉar masklo havas nigrajn kapon, bruston kaj suprajn partojn, dum estas tre sulfurflavaj tre rimarkinda ŝultromakulo, pugo kaj ventro. La kruroj estas nigrecaj kaj same la beko, sed tiu havas pli helan parton (bluecgriza) en unua duono de suba makzelo, kiel plej parto de la genro. La ino estas tre simila, eble iom pli senbrila.
Ĝi troviĝas en atlantika areo de Centrameriko nome Belizo, Kostariko, Gvatemalo, suda Meksiko, Nikaragvo, nordokcidenta Panamo kaj eble Honduro. Ĝi vivas el marnivelo ĝis 1200 m. Ties natura habitato estas subtropikaj aŭ tropikaj humidaj arbaroj de malaltaj teroj. Ili kutime loĝas ĉe riverbordoj, ĉe plantejoj de banano aŭ de fruktarboj. Ili manĝas fruktojn, florojn kaj insektojn.
La formo de la nesto estas tre partikulara, ĝi konsistas en neprofunda saketo teksita el fajnaj fibroj, kiun la ino teksas sub granda branĉo kaj pendas ligite per aliaj fibroj kiujn kudras al la folio el kiu ĝi pendas. La ino averaĝe demetas tri ovojn, kiujn nur ŝi kovas.
La Kapuĉa iktero (Icterus prosthemelas) estas specio de birdo de la familio de Ikteredoj kaj de ties tipa genro nome Ikteroj kiu enhavas speciojn kiuj montras flavajn kaj nigrajn kolorojn.
Tiu ĉi specio estas tipa kazo de tiu kolorkombino ĉar masklo havas nigrajn kapon, bruston kaj suprajn partojn, dum estas tre sulfurflavaj tre rimarkinda ŝultromakulo, pugo kaj ventro. La kruroj estas nigrecaj kaj same la beko, sed tiu havas pli helan parton (bluecgriza) en unua duono de suba makzelo, kiel plej parto de la genro. La ino estas tre simila, eble iom pli senbrila.
Ĝi troviĝas en atlantika areo de Centrameriko nome Belizo, Kostariko, Gvatemalo, suda Meksiko, Nikaragvo, nordokcidenta Panamo kaj eble Honduro. Ĝi vivas el marnivelo ĝis 1200 m. Ties natura habitato estas subtropikaj aŭ tropikaj humidaj arbaroj de malaltaj teroj. Ili kutime loĝas ĉe riverbordoj, ĉe plantejoj de banano aŭ de fruktarboj. Ili manĝas fruktojn, florojn kaj insektojn.
La formo de la nesto estas tre partikulara, ĝi konsistas en neprofunda saketo teksita el fajnaj fibroj, kiun la ino teksas sub granda branĉo kaj pendas ligite per aliaj fibroj kiujn kudras al la folio el kiu ĝi pendas. La ino averaĝe demetas tri ovojn, kiujn nur ŝi kovas.
El bolsero dominico (Icterus prosthemelas), también conocido como turpial cabecinegro,[2] es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae, propio de América Central y México.[1] Se distinguen 2 subespecies.[3]
Es nativo de Panamá, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, México, y posiblemente Honduras.[1] Ocurre accidentalmente en Puerto Rico.[1] Su hábitat natural se compone de bosque húmedo subtropical y tropical, cerca de espacios abiertos como savanas, pastizales, y matorrales.[4] También ocurre en huertos, especialmente en plantaciones cítricas.[4]
Se reconocen las siguientes subespecies:[3]
El bolsero dominico (Icterus prosthemelas), también conocido como turpial cabecinegro, es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae, propio de América Central y México. Se distinguen 2 subespecies.
Icterus prosthemelas Icterus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Icteridae familian sailkatua dago.
Icterus prosthemelas Icterus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Icteridae familian sailkatua dago.
Icterus prosthemelas
L’Oriole monacal (Icterus prosthemelas) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des ictéridés qu’on retrouve au Mexique et en Amérique centrale.
Deux sous-espèces sont reconnues :
Certaines classifications joignent l’Oriole à capuchon et l’Oriole monacal en une seule espèce.
L’Oriole monacal se retrouve sur la côte de la mer des Caraïbes à partir du sud du Mexique jusqu’au Panama, incluant la péninsule du Yucatán, le Belize, le Guatemala, le Honduras, le Nicaragua et le Costa Rica.
Il fréquente les forêts dégagées, les plantations et les palmeraies. En milieu forestier, il est généralement associé aux cours d’eau.
Icterus prosthemelas
L’Oriole monacal (Icterus prosthemelas) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des ictéridés qu’on retrouve au Mexique et en Amérique centrale.
De zwartborsttroepiaal (Icterus prosthemelas) is een zangvogel uit de familie Icteridae (troepialen).
Deze soort komt voor van zuidelijk Mexico tot Panama en telt 2 ondersoorten:
De zwartborsttroepiaal (Icterus prosthemelas) is een zangvogel uit de familie Icteridae (troepialen).
Svartkappetrupial (Icterus prosthemelas) er en fugl i trupialfamilien.
Det finnes 2 underarter av svartkappetrupial[2]:
Denne ornitologirelaterte artikkelen er foreløpig kort eller mangelfull, og du kan hjelpe Wikipedia ved å utvide den. 
Svartkappetrupial (Icterus prosthemelas) er en fugl i trupialfamilien.
Icterus prosthemelas é uma espécie de ave da família Icteridae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, México, Nicarágua, Panamá e possivelmente em Honduras.[1]
Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude.[1]
Icterus prosthemelas é uma espécie de ave da família Icteridae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, México, Nicarágua, Panamá e possivelmente em Honduras.
Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude.
Centralamerikansk trupial[2] (Icterus prosthemelas) är en fågel i familjen trupialer inom ordningen tättingar.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.[1]
Centralamerikansk trupial delas in i två underarter:[3]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör centralamerikansk trupial.
Wikispecies har information om Icterus prosthemelas.
Centralamerikansk trupial (Icterus prosthemelas) är en fågel i familjen trupialer inom ordningen tättingar. IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.
Centralamerikansk trupial delas in i två underarter:
I. p. prosthemelas – förekommer i sluttningen mot Karibien från sydöstra Mexico (södra Veracruz) till Nicaragua I. p. praecox – förekommer i sluttningen mot Karibien i Costa Rica och närliggande västra PanamaIcterus prosthemelas là một loài chim trong họ Icteridae.[1]
