Thomomys idahoensis Merriam 1901

Thomomys idahoensis és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels geòmids. És endèmic de l'oest dels Estats Units. Es tracta d'una espècie excavadora que s'alimenta principalment d'arrels, tubercles i vegetació de superfície. Els seus hàbitats naturals són els biomes d'artemísies, els herbassars de plana i els prats de muntanya subalpins. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.^[1]

Referències

The Idaho pocket gopher (Thomomys idahoensis) is a species of rodent in the family Geomyidae. It is rather small, with a lightly built skull. Its fur color varies through the body and between individuals. Found in the western United States, it inhabits savannas, shrubland, and grasslands. Individuals live alone in burrows, staying active year-round. Many aspects of its behavior and biology are not well understood. The species is classified as being of least-concern by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.

Taxonomy

Thomomys idahoensis was first described by Clinton Hart Merriam in 1901. The type locality was given as Birch Creek, Idaho, and the type specimen was a male collected in 1890.^[2] It has no recent synonyms, although its two of its subspecies (T. i. idahoensis and T. i. pygmaeus) were once considered subspecies of Thomomys talpoides, the northern pocket gopher.^[3][4] It belongs to the genus Thomomys, which is distributed throughout western North America. This genus is part of the family Geomyidae.^[5]

Subspecies

Three subspecies are recognized:

• T. i. idahoensis (Merriam, 1901) — high variance in size and coloration in different populations within the subspecies, found in eastern Idaho and nearby parts of Montana. The largest are found in the Snake River Plain.^[4][3]
• T. i. pygmaeus (Merriam, 1901) — small and dark brown, found in southwestern Wyoming, southwestern Idaho, and northern Utah.^[4][3] It is the only subspecies found in Utah.^[6]
• T. i. confinus (Davis, 1937) — found in western Montana.^[3][7]

Description

The size, weight, and hindfoot length of the Idaho pocket gopher are variable, although typically no more than 150 millimetres (5.9 in), 90 grams (3.2 oz), and 26 millimetres (1.0 in) for each, respectively. The color of the back ranges from yellowish brown with dark brown tipped hair to grayish brown or fully dark brown, fairly uniform overall. Most are dark gray around the nose. The ventral area is light gray and usually mixed with yellow and yellow-brown. The feet are whitish in appearance, with tail color varying between specimens.^[4] It is paler in winter than summer.^[8]

The gopher's skull is small and lightly built, with incisors that are slender and not procumbent (inclined towards the lips). Its baculum (a bone present in the penis of many mammals) is rather long, from 17.8 to 23.4 millimetres (0.70 to 0.92 in), and the bullae (bony structures in the back of the skull) are large. It has either 56 or 58 chromosomes (the difference is due to Robertsonian translocation, a condition where a chromosome becomes attached to another).^[4] The ears are small.^[8]

Distribution and habitat

The Idaho pocket gopher is found in the western United States, from central Idaho to the southern and western parts of Montana. A separate population exists in southwestern Wyoming, southeastern Idaho, and northeastern Utah.^[1][3] It resides in savanna, shrubland, and grassland habitats.^[1]

Behavior and ecology

Individuals live in burrows, with each gopher creating and living in its own burrow. They remain active for the entire year, and store excavated soil in their burrows, which stays after the snow has melted.^[3] It is sympatric in certain areas with the northern pocket gopher, which it does not interbreed with. The former species prefers shallower, rockier soils, while the latter prefers deeper soil with fewer rocks.^[3][4]

It is not known what the Idaho pocket gopher eats, although related species consume parts of plants from vegetation below and above ground level, mainly forbs and grasses.^[3]

Reproduction and life cycle

Little is known about the life history of this species, with no known data on breeding season and litter size. It most likely breeds in spring after the snow has melted.^[3] It is likely similar to the northern pocket gopher with regards to breeding behavior: the latter species gestates for 19 to 20 days and bears between four and seven offspring.^[1] Its lifespan is also unknown, although pocket gophers usually live for less than two years.^[3]

Conservation

There is no known existence of this species in protective areas or captivity. It is protected by the US state of Montana. The IUCN has evaluated it as being of least-concern, as no major threats are present, it has a large range, and its population is not declining fast enough to warrant a more threatened listing (although the population trend is unknown).^[1] It is listed in the Utah Wildlife Action Plan as a species greatly needing conservation.^[6]

Sources

Thomomys idahoensis Thomomys generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Geomyidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

Kanpo estekak

• Thomomys idahoensisri buruzko informazioa Mammals of The World datubasean

Ikus, gainera

• Thomomys
• Geomyidae

Thomomys idahoensis est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Geomyidae. Ce gaufre à larges abajoues se rencontre en Amérique du Nord.

Cette espèce a été décrite pour la première fois en 1901 par un zoologiste américain, Clinton Hart Merriam (1855-1942).

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon NCBI (13 nov. 2012)^[1] :

• sous-espèce Thomomys idahoensis pygmaeus

Notes et références

Thomomys idahoensis is een zoogdier uit de familie van de goffers (Geomyidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Clinton Hart Merriam in 1901.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.

Thomomys idahoensis^{[2][3][4][5][6][7]} är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Clinton Hart Merriam 1901. Thomomys idahoensis ingår i släktet Thomomys och familjen kindpåsråttor.^[8][9] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.^[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.^[8] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 3 underarter. ^[4]

Denna gnagare förekommer med två från varandra skilda populationer i Idaho, Wyoming, Montana och Utah (USA). Habitatet utgörs av gräsmarker och av öppna buskskogar.^[1]

Arten gräver underjordiska tunnelsystem och visar sig bara på natten eller på molniga dagar ovanpå markytan. Den äter rötter, rotfrukter och i mindre mått andra växtdelar. Födan transporteras med hjälp av kindpåsarna och lagras i boet. Antagligen är honor liksom hos Thomomys talpoides 19 eller 20 dagar dräktig. Per kull föds 4 till 7 ungar.^[1]

Källor

1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Thomomys idahoensis Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
4. ^ [a b] Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Thomomys idahoensis
5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. (1999) , The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
6. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
7. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
8. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/thomomys+idahoensis/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
9. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26

Externa länkar

• Wikispecies har information om Thomomys idahoensis.
  Artförteckning

Thomomys idahoensis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột nang, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Merriam mô tả năm 1901.^[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Thomomys idahoensis tại Wikispecies
• Phương tiện liên quan tới Thomomys tại Wikimedia Commons

Bài viết về một loài thuộc bộ Gặm nhấm này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.

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아이다호흙파는쥐 또는 아이다호주머니고퍼(Thomomys idahoensis)는 흙파는쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다. 미국 북서부의 토착종으로 아이다호주와 몬태나주, 유타주, 와이오밍주에서 발견된다.^[1] 자연 서식지는 온대 숲과 건조 사바나 그리고 온대 초원이다.

각주