El ratpenat frugívor de Gray (Ariteus flavescens) és una espècie de ratpenat endèmica de Jamaica.[1] És l'única espècie del gènere Ariteus.[2] No disposa de subespècies reconegudes.[2]
El ratpenat frugívor de Gray és relativament petit i els exemplars adults mesuren entre 5 i 7 centímetres. Les femelles tenen una massa notablement major que la dels mascles i arriben de mitjana als 13 grams envers els 11 grams dels exemplars mascles.[2]
El ratpenat frugívor de Gray és endèmic de l'illa de Jamaica i habiten en boscos primaris i secundaris de tota l'illa, així com en plantacions de banana i coco, i en terres agrícoles. L'espècie s'adapta bé a les alteracions en el seu hàbitat, fet que justifica el seu estatus de risc mínim en l'escala de l'UICN.[3][4] El registre fòssil de l'espècie s'estén des de finals del Plistocè.[5] Es creu que ratpenat frugívor de Gray no habita en coves.[2] És una espècie nocturna i omnívora que s'alimenta tant de fruites com d'insectes. Entre les seves fruites preferides hi ha la sapodella i la poma malaia.[4]
El ratpenat frugívor de Gray (Ariteus flavescens) és una espècie de ratpenat endèmica de Jamaica. És l'única espècie del gènere Ariteus. No disposa de subespècies reconegudes.
El ratpenat frugívor de Gray és relativament petit i els exemplars adults mesuren entre 5 i 7 centímetres. Les femelles tenen una massa notablement major que la dels mascles i arriben de mitjana als 13 grams envers els 11 grams dels exemplars mascles.
El ratpenat frugívor de Gray és endèmic de l'illa de Jamaica i habiten en boscos primaris i secundaris de tota l'illa, així com en plantacions de banana i coco, i en terres agrícoles. L'espècie s'adapta bé a les alteracions en el seu hàbitat, fet que justifica el seu estatus de risc mínim en l'escala de l'UICN. El registre fòssil de l'espècie s'estén des de finals del Plistocè. Es creu que ratpenat frugívor de Gray no habita en coves. És una espècie nocturna i omnívora que s'alimenta tant de fruites com d'insectes. Entre les seves fruites preferides hi ha la sapodella i la poma malaia.
Die Jamaika-Feigenfledermaus (Ariteus flavescens) ist eine Art der Fruchtvampire, die auf Jamaika endemisch ist. Es ist die einzige Art ihrer Gattung.
Dies ist eine mittelgroße Fledermaus. Die Kopfrumpflänge beträgt 6 bis 6,5 cm, ein Schwanz fehlt. Die Flügel sind breit und relativ kurz. Das Gewicht liegt bei 9,2 bis 13,1 Gramm. Männchen sind im Schnitt einen halben Zentimeter kleiner als Weibchen. Das Fell ist oberseits rotbraun, an der Unterseite hellbraun. An beiden Schultern gibt es je einen auffälligen weißen Fleck.
Die Jamaika-Feigenfledermaus lebt nur auf Jamaica. Obwohl sie dort nur von zehn Fundorten bekannt ist, wird angenommen, dass die Fledermaus über die ganze Insel verbreitet ist. Bei der Wahl des Lebensraums ist die Art nicht wählerisch; sie wurde in Primär- und Sekundärwäldern sowie Kokosnuss- und Bananenplantagen gefunden.
Die Nahrung sind Früchte und Insekten. Häufige Nahrungspflanzen sind Kirschmyrten (Eugenia) und Breiapfelbaum (Manilkara). Die wichtigsten Feinde sind Eulen.
Die Jamaika-Feigenfledermaus bildet zusammen mit den Gattungen Ardops, Phyllops und Stenoderma den karibischen Subtribus Stenodermatina des Tribus Stenodermatini der Fruchtvampire.[1]
Der Gattungsname Ariteus bedeutet "kriegerisch", der Artname flavescens "gelblich". Auf Englisch wird die Art Jamaican Fig-eating Bat genannt. Ein deutscher Name ist nicht bekannt. Die Benennung Jamaika-Fruchtvampir wird für eine andere Art, Artibeus jamaicensis, verwendet.
Die Jamaika-Feigenfledermaus (Ariteus flavescens) ist eine Art der Fruchtvampire, die auf Jamaika endemisch ist. Es ist die einzige Art ihrer Gattung.
The Jamaican fig-eating bat (Ariteus flavescens) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the only living species in the genus Ariteus.[2] The scientific name translates as "yellowish and warlike". There are no recognised subspecies.[2]
Jamaican fig-eating bats are relatively small, with a total length of 5 to 7 centimetres (2.0 to 2.8 in) as adults. Females are noticeably larger than males, weighing an average of 13 grams (0.46 oz), compared with 11 grams (0.39 oz) for males. They have short, broad, wings, and no discernible tail. They have a large and prominent nose-leaf, with a unique twisting shape that allows them to be distinguished from all other species of bat. The fur is reddish brown over most of the body, fading to a paler shade on the underside. The only markings are white patches on each shoulder. Apart from the shape of the nose-leaf, and a smaller overall size, they are said to closely resemble the tree bats of the Antilles.[2]
The bats are endemic to the island of Jamaica where they inhabit primary and secondary forest throughout the island, as well as banana and coconut plantations and agricultural land. They have also been identified in disturbed habitats, indicating a degree of adaptability to different environments, and justifying their current status as a species of Least Concern.[1][3] The fossil record of the species extends back to the late Pleistocene.[4]
Jamaican fig-eating bats are not thought to inhabit caves.[2] They are nocturnal and omnivorous, feeding on both fruits and insects. Favoured fruits include the native naseberries and introduced rose apples.[3]
The dentition is the number and type of teeth that an animal possesses. The mammalian jaw is composed of a lower jaw known as the mandible (dentary bone) that houses the lower molars, and an upper jaw commonly referred to as the maxilla that contains the upper molars. The dentition of the Jamaican fig-eating bat is specialized for its frugivorous diet. The first and second upper molars of the maxilla have a broad surface that is used for shearing fruit. In order to maximize contact with fruit, the occlusal surface of the upper first molar is augmented and widened, which amplifies the bat's shearing propensity. The crests of the centrocrista (on the upper molar) and the cristid obliqua (on the lower molar) join together to form an expanded shearing surface, which maximizes the shear forces of the bats dentition. The bat mainly feeds on naseberry, a native fruit of Jamaica that has a fleshy, firm texture.[5]
The diets of bats are remarkably diverse, ranging from species specializing on fruit, blood, insects, nectar and invertebrates. Within the context of phylogenetic history, the diets of bats determine the structure of the dentary. When comparing the cross sectional shape of the dentary of frugivorous bats to nectarivorous bats, the data illustrates that the dentary of frugivores has an increased resistance to bending and torsion. These results confirm the predictions made by researches based on data collected on the diets of bats and inferred phylogenetic history. Frugivorous bats possess a feeding strategy that requires a strong dentary due to their extended periods of chewing and frequent unilateral biting during feeding, which imposes increased torsional stresses on the dentary. Conversely, nectarivores rely on their tongue during feeding, resulting in less stress on the dentary. Research has revealed that there is no significant difference in the bite forces of insectivorous bats compared to frugivorous bats. However, observations have noted that insectivore bats have different feeding behaviors than frugivores, particularly that they do not engage in prolonged periods of unilateral feeding. Pertaining to dental characteristics, Ariteus flavescens has a metaconid on m1 and lacks a M3.[6]
The Jamaican fig-eating bat likely arrived on the island of Jamaica through a dispersal event that occurred towards the late Miocene epoch. The most supported hypothesis is that its ancestors radiated towards the Caribbean islands from Central America and northern South America. In addition, the stenodermatinae have been shown to be the only strictly frugivorous bat radiation to the Caribbean islands. The dispersal scenario means that extant Jamaican fig-eating bats aren't the descendants of a single common individual ancestor bat, but instead are the relatives of many predecessor bats that took part in multiple divergence events. Due to a substantial decline in sea level during the late Miocene epoch, the island of Jamaica reemerged. This drop in sea level brought formerly distant landmasses closer to one another, which fostered and facilitated the dispersal events that led to the ancestral bats reaching Jamaica during the early Pliocene epoch. Furthermore, extant bats in Jamaica are particularly susceptible to dehydration and starvation, making a dispersal event highly unlikely without the aforementioned geological aid. The ancestor of all extant stenodermatinae – Ariteus flavescens belongs to this subfamily – originated in South America before radiating to the Caribbean islands. By the early Pliocene, bat communities in the Caribbean islands, including Jamaica, were well established. It is imperative to note that many different families of bats were, also, being exchanged between the Caribbean islands and the mainland, with groups leaving both places.[7] A metacommunity is a collaboration between different ecological communities, which are distinct from one another by their site locations and by having their own species compositions. Oftentimes, but not necessarily, communities that comprise a metacommunity are linked to one another by dispersal. Research has revealed that metacommunity structure in Caribbean bats is not greatly impacted by endemic bat species, like the Jamaican fig-eating bat. Instead, Caribbean bat metacommunities, as well as bat species ranges, are affected by primary sources of colonization, particularly their number and geographical arrangement.[8]
Ariteus flavescens belongs to the subfamily stenodermatinae, which includes seven other extant species. These bats all have reduced or shortened rostra, and are sometimes referred to as "short-faced bats". This same group of bats are also sometimes called "white-shouldered bats", since they have a characteristic small white patch on both shoulders. This species of bat has a low wing aspect ratio (short, broad wings) that is useful for navigating through forest landscapes. It is a medium-sized bat. The bat lacks a noticeable tail, dorsal lines, and a facial striping. The pelage of the bat is reddish brown near its back and fades to a paler color near its front. Sexual dimorphism is also seen in this subfamily, where females are significantly larger than males. Females exclusively possess extranumerary molars, which are absent in males. Ariteus flavescens has a unique twist in its eminent nose leaf, a distinctive marker that distinguishes it from other phyllostomids.[9]
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{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) The Jamaican fig-eating bat (Ariteus flavescens) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the only living species in the genus Ariteus. The scientific name translates as "yellowish and warlike". There are no recognised subspecies.
Ariteus flavescens es una especie de murciélago de la familia Phyllostomidae. Es el único miemnbro del género monotípico Ariteus.
Ariteus flavescens es una especie de murciélago de la familia Phyllostomidae. Es el único miemnbro del género monotípico Ariteus.
Ariteus flavescens Ariteus generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Stenodermatinae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Ariteus flavescens Ariteus generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Stenodermatinae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Ariteus flavescens est une espèce de chauve-souris de la famille des Phyllostomidae qui est endémique de Jamaïque. C'est le seul représentant du genre Ariteus.
Ariteus flavescens (Gray, 1831) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei fillostomidi, unica specie del genere Ariteus (Gray, 1838), endemico della Giamaica.[1][2]
Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 58 e 67 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 36,5 e 43,8 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 11 e 13 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 13 e 16 mm e un peso fino a 13,1 g.[3]
Il cranio ha un rostro molto corto e una scatola cranica rotonda. Le arcate zigomatiche sono estese. Il terzo molare superiore è mancante.
Sono caratterizzati dalla seguente formula dentaria:
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 Totale: 30 1.Incisivi; 2.Canini; 3.Premolari; 4.Molari;La pelliccia è lunga e setosa. Le parti dorsali sono bruno-rossastre, mentre quelle ventrali sono più chiare. Sono presenti delle piccole chiazze bianche su ogni spalla. Le orecchie sono di dimensioni moderate e poste sui lati della testa. Il trago è piccolo, lanceolato e dentellato. La foglia nasale è formata da una porzione anteriore rotonda, con una fossetta tra le narici e da una posteriore a forma di lancia, ripiegata leggermente all'indietro. Il labbro inferiore presenta tre tubercoli disposti a triangolo ed una serie di verruche lungo i suoi margini esterni. Le ali sono corte, larghe ed attaccate posteriormente alla base del dito esterno del piede. È privo di coda, mentre l'uropatagio è ridotto ad una sottile membrana lungo la parte interna degli arti inferiori. I maschi sono sensibilmente più piccoli delle femmine. Il cariotipo è 2n=30 FN=56.
Si rifugia sugli alberi. Solitamente inizia a volare e a nutrirsi subito dopo il tramonto
Si nutre di frutta, in particolare di sapotiglia, di Eugenia jambos e talvolta anche di insetti.
Una femmina gravida è stata catturata in aprile, mentre alcune che allattavano sono state osservate in giugno.
Questa specie è endemica della Giamaica.
Vive nelle foreste primarie e secondarie e in coltivazioni di alberi da frutto, in particolare di Banani e Noci da cocco, fino a 1.500 metri di altitudine.
La IUCN Red List, considerata l'abbondanza all'interno dell'areale ristretto e la tolleranza a molteplici tipi di habitat, classifica A.flavescens come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Ariteus flavescens (Gray, 1831) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei fillostomidi, unica specie del genere Ariteus (Gray, 1838), endemico della Giamaica.
Ariteus flavescens is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Gray in 1831.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Ariteus flavescens[2][3] är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av Gray 1831. Ariteus flavescens är ensam i släktet Ariteus som ingår i familjen bladnäsor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]
Det vetenskapliga släktnamnet Ariteus är grekiska och betyder stridbar eller krigisk. Artepitet flavescens är latin för "blir mer gulaktigt".[6]
Denna fladdermus når en kroppslängd av 50 till 67 mm och den saknar svans. Vikten varierar mellan 9 och 13 gram. Pälsen har på ryggen en rödbrun färg och buken är något ljusare. Vid varje axel finns en vit fläck. Arten har inga strimmor i ansiktet.[7] Den stora hudfliken på näsan liknar i vyn mot ansiktet ett lindblad och i vyn från sidan ett omvänd S. Honor är större än hannar. Tandformeln är I 2/2 C 1/1 P 2/2 M 2/3, alltså 30 tänder.[6]
Ariteus flavescens förekommer endemisk på Jamaica. Den vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 1500 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av skogar och av fruktträdodlingar.[1]
Individerna vilar i träd. Liksom flera andra fladdermöss är de nattaktiva. De äter frukter, till exempel av eugeniamyrtensläktet (Eugenia) och av släktet Manilkara.[7] Ibland kompletteras födan med några insekter. Ariteus flavescens blir redan under kvällens ljusa timmar aktiv. Den jagas själv av ugglor.[6]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Ariteus flavescens.
Wikispecies har information om Ariteus flavescens.
Ariteus flavescens är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av Gray 1831. Ariteus flavescens är ensam i släktet Ariteus som ingår i familjen bladnäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Det vetenskapliga släktnamnet Ariteus är grekiska och betyder stridbar eller krigisk. Artepitet flavescens är latin för "blir mer gulaktigt".
Довжиною голови і тіла від 58 до 67 мм, довжина передпліччя між 36.5 і 43.8 мм, довжина ступні від 11 до 13 мм, довжина вух від 13 до 16 мм і маса до 13.1 гр. Має короткі, широкі, крила, і не має хвоста. Шерсть довга й шовковиста. Хутро червонувато-коричневого кольору на більшій частині тіла, стаючи блідішим знизу. Самці значно менші, ніж самиці. Зубна формула: 2/2, 1/1, 2/2, 2/3 = 30. Каріотип 2n = 30, FN = 56.
Харчується фруктами, особливо саподіла і комахами. Ховається на деревах. Зазвичай починає літати і годуватись незабаром після заходу сонця. Головними ворогами є совоподібні.
Країни проживання: Ямайка. Висота проживання: до 1500 м. Живе в первинних і вторинних лісах і садах плодових дерев на всій території острова.
Ariteus flavescens là một loài động vật có vú thuộc chi đơn loài Ariteus trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Chúng được Gray mô tả cấp chi năm 1838[2] và cấp loài năm 1831.[2]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Ariteus flavescens tại Wikimedia Commons
Ariteus flavescens là một loài động vật có vú thuộc chi đơn loài Ariteus trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Chúng được Gray mô tả cấp chi năm 1838 và cấp loài năm 1831.
자메이카무화과먹는박쥐(Ariteus flavescens)는 주걱박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 자메이카무화과먹는박쥐속(Ariteus)의 유일종이다.[2] 학명은 "노란색이 감돌고 호전적인(yellowish and warlike)"이라는 의미의 번역어이다. 알려진 아종은 없다.[2]
자메이카무화과먹는박쥐는 비교적 작은 박쥐로 다 자라면 전체 몸길이가 5~7cm 정도이다. 암컷 몸무게는 평균 13g으로 수컷의 11g보다 비교적 크다. 날개는 짧고 넓으며, 겉으로 식별할 수 있는 꼬리는 없다.
자메이카무화과먹는박쥐(Ariteus flavescens)는 주걱박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 자메이카무화과먹는박쥐속(Ariteus)의 유일종이다. 학명은 "노란색이 감돌고 호전적인(yellowish and warlike)"이라는 의미의 번역어이다. 알려진 아종은 없다.
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