El ratpenat llengut bru (Lichonycteris obscura) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels fil·lostòmids que viu a Centreamèrica i la meitat nord de Sud-amèrica.[1] És l'única espècie del gènere monotípic Lichonycteris.
Aquesta espècie viu a Mèxic, l'est de Guatemala, el sud de Belize, Hondures, Panamà, l'oest de Veneçuela, Guaiana, el nord del Perú, Bolívia, i la selva amazònica del Brasil.[2][3] Viu des del nivell del mar fins als 1.000 metres.[2] Se sap que a Bolívia viu fins als 500 metres sobre el nivell del mar, mentre que a l'Equador i al Perú viu fins als 900 i 800 metres respectivament. Al sud del Brasil hi viu una població aïllada.
El ratpenat llengut bru (Lichonycteris obscura) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels fil·lostòmids que viu a Centreamèrica i la meitat nord de Sud-amèrica. És l'única espècie del gènere monotípic Lichonycteris.
The dark long-tongued bat (Lichonycteris obscura) is a species of bat from South and Central America. It was formerly considered the only species within the genus Lichonycteris, but is now recognized as one of two species in that genus, along with the pale brown long-nosed bat. It is small species of bat, with adults weighing 6–11 g (0.21–0.39 oz) and having a total length of 46–63 mm (1.8–2.5 in).
The dark long-tongued bat is found in all of Central America south of Chiapas, along with the Andean region of the Amazon versant and the Andes in Venezuela, Colombia, western Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. It mainly inhabits old-growth forests, but is also found in other habitats. It reproduces during the Neotropical dry season. Embryos can form up to 30% of the female's body weight. The bat's diet consists of nectar, pollen, and insects.
It is classified as being of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to its large range and presence in protected areas. However, the Ecuadorian Red List of Mammals lists it as being vulnerable.
The dark long-tongued was described by the British mammalogist Oldfield Thomas in 1895 as Lichonycteris obscura, on the basis of a specimen from Managua, Venezuela. The generic name Lichonycteris is from the Greek words lichas, meaning hanging on the cliff, and nycteris, meaning bat. The specific epithet obscura is from the Latin word obscura, meaning dark-colored.[2]
The dark long-tongued bat is one of two species in the genus Lichonycteris. The other species in the genus, the pale brown long-nosed bat, was formerly considered to be conspecific (the same species as) with the dark long-tongued bat, and was occasionally included as a subspecies of the latter. Both species in Lichonycteris are part of a highly specialized group of glossophagines in the subtribe Choeronycterina. It has no recognized subspecies.[2]
The dark long-tongued bat is a small species of bat, with a forearm length of 29.8–35.5 mm (1.17–1.40 in), a tail length of 6–11 mm (0.24–0.43 in) and a total length of 46–63 mm (1.8–2.5 in). Adults weigh 6–11 g (0.21–0.39 oz).[2]
Its hair is tricolored, with a narrow dark brown basal band in the dorsal fur, and a slightly darker dorsum. The wing membrane is attached to the feet at around half the length of the metatarsals. The elbow and the thumb's metacarpal is densely furred. The tail extends to the knees, and the tip rises up from the well-developed tail membrane, which is attached to the ankles. The nose-leaf is small and shaped like an equilateral triangle, with conspicuous whiskers. The calcar is characteristically long and is almost the length of the foot. The dark long-tongued bat has a robust and elongated snout, with a longer lower jaw that causes the lower lip to extend as a slip. The lower incisors are absent. The dental formula is 2.1.2.20.1.3.2, with 26 total teeth.[2]
The dark long-tongued bat may be confused with the lesser long-tongued bat, Godman’s long-tailed bat, and Ega long-tongued bat, but can be distinguished from these and other species of Choeronycterini by its two upper molars, tricolored dorsal fur with a dark basal band, the well-furred elbow, and the length of the wing membrane. It is also similar to the Capixaba nectar-feeding bat, but lacks the anteriorly inflated snout and well-developed premaxillae of the latter, and also differs in the position of the upper incisors and has three upper molars, against two for the Capixaba nectar-feeding bat.[2]
Foliage is used as a day roost by the dark long-tongued bat. Crevices under fallen trees near streams are also used as temporary roosts. These are frequently used by migrating bats in Costa Rica due to their incidence and the access that they offer to areas that have high levels of food availability for short periods of time.[2][3]
The dark long-tongued bat reproduces during the dry season in the Neotropics. Females with embryos have been reported from Mexico in May, from Guatemala in February, from Costa Rica and Venezuela in March, and from Brazil in August. Lactating females have been reported from Costa Rica in January, and from Ecuador in October. Embryos can weigh as much as 30 percent of the female's body weight. Male testicles range in size from 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in).[2]
The dark long-tongued bat feeds on nectar, pollen, and insects. It pollinates Marcgravia lianas and Vriesea bromeliads, and is an important pollinator of the cactus Weberocereus tunilla.[4] It has also been observed feeding on Ceiba pentandra, Matisia ochrocalyx, Matisia bracteolosa, Quararibea cordata, Quararibea parvifolia, Ochroma pyramidale, Markea neurantha, Mucuna holtonii, Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana, and species in the genus Musa and the family Urticaceae. In Mexico, the majority of stomach content is pollen from Lonchocarpus plants. The presence of Melastomataceae seeds in the feces of individuals from Guatemala suggests that the dark-long tongued bat may be a seed disperser there. In areas of Costa Rica where the bat is a seasonal visitor, it shares its feeding niche with the Commissaris’s long-tongued bat and Underwood’s long-tongued bat.[2]
The dark long-tongued bat is found from southern Chiapas in Mexico south through all of Central America. In South America, it if found in the Andean region of the Amazon versant from Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana to the Amazon Basin in Brazil. It occurs on the Pacific slope of the Andes in Venezuela, Colombia, and western Ecuador, and on the Amazonia slope in Peru and Bolivia. It is found at elevations of up to 1,000 m (39,000 in).[2]
The dark long-tongued bat mainly occurs in old-growth vegetation such as rainforest, savannas, and tropical deciduous forest. However, it is also known to inhabit dry shrubland in French Guiana, disturbed habitat, open grasslands, and buildings in Nicaragua, fruit groves in Panama, logged forest in Venezuela, open clearings in Peru, banana and rubber groves in Guatemala, and mosaic forest in Brazil. Foliage is used as a day roost in Costa Rica.[2]
The dark long-tongued bat is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN on the IUCN Red List, due to its widespread distribution and presence in protected areas. However, the species is naturally uncommon where it occurs. It is listed as being vulnerable on the Red List of Ecuadorian Mammals. Threats to the bat include deforestation and habitat fragmentation.[5]
The dark long-tongued bat (Lichonycteris obscura) is a species of bat from South and Central America. It was formerly considered the only species within the genus Lichonycteris, but is now recognized as one of two species in that genus, along with the pale brown long-nosed bat. It is small species of bat, with adults weighing 6–11 g (0.21–0.39 oz) and having a total length of 46–63 mm (1.8–2.5 in).
The dark long-tongued bat is found in all of Central America south of Chiapas, along with the Andean region of the Amazon versant and the Andes in Venezuela, Colombia, western Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. It mainly inhabits old-growth forests, but is also found in other habitats. It reproduces during the Neotropical dry season. Embryos can form up to 30% of the female's body weight. The bat's diet consists of nectar, pollen, and insects.
It is classified as being of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to its large range and presence in protected areas. However, the Ecuadorian Red List of Mammals lists it as being vulnerable.
Lichonycteris obscura es una especie de murciélago de la familia Phyllostomidae. Es el único miembro del género monotípico Lichonycteris.
Se encuentra en Sudamérica y América Central.
Lichonycteris obscura es una especie de murciélago de la familia Phyllostomidae. Es el único miembro del género monotípico Lichonycteris.
Lichonycteris obscura Lichonycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Glossophaginae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Lichonycteris obscura Lichonycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Glossophaginae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Lichonycteris obscura (Thomas, 1895) est une espèce de chauves-souris d'Amérique centrale et du Sud, la seule du genre Lichonycteris.
Lichonycteris obscura (Thomas, 1895) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi, unica specie del genere Lichonycteris (Thomas, 1895), diffuso nell'America centrale.[1][2]
Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 46 e 55 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 31 e 35 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 6 e 10 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 8 e 11 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 10 e 13 mm e un peso fino a 10 g.[3]
Il cranio presenta un rostro allungato e le arcate zigomatiche incomplete. Gli incisivi superiori sono separati dai canini. Gli incisivi inferiori sono mancanti.
Sono caratterizzati dalla seguente formula dentaria:
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 0 0 1 3 2 Totale: 26 1.Incisivi; 2.Canini; 3.Premolari; 4.Molari;Il colore generale del corpo è marrone scuro. Il muso è lungo, la lingua è lunga ed estensibile, fornita all'estremità di papille filiformi. La foglia nasale è piccola e lanceolata. Le orecchie sono corte e arrotondate. Il trago è lungo circa un terzo del padiglione auricolare. Le membrane alari sono attaccate posteriormente alla base dell'alluce. La coda si estende per circa la metà dell'ampio uropatagio. Il calcar è più corto del piede. Il cariotipo è 2n=24 FN=44.
Si nutre di nettare, polline e possibilmente di insetti. Tra le piante visitate ci sono: Bombacaceae, Urticaceae, Bromeliaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Markea neurantha, Mucuna holtonii, Calyptrogyne ghiesberghtiana e varie specie di banane.
Femmine gravide sono state catturate in agosto e ottobre. La stagione riproduttiva probabilmente è presente nella stagione secca.
Questa specie è diffusa nell'America centrale dallo stato messicano del Chiapas, Guatemala, Belize meridionale, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, fino a Panama e nell'America meridionale, dalla Colombia occidentale e centrale, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Guyana francese, Ecuador settentrionale, Perù, Bolivia settentrionale fino al Brasile occidentale e settentrionale. Una popolazione separata è presente nel Brasile orientale, dagli stati di Bahia e Alagoas fino a Rio de Janeiro.
Vive nelle foreste sempreverdi di pianura fino a 800 metri di altitudine. Si trova anche nelle piantagioni. In Bolivia è presente anche in foreste montane.
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, classifica L.obscura come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Lichonycteris obscura (Thomas, 1895) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi, unica specie del genere Lichonycteris (Thomas, 1895), diffuso nell'America centrale.
Lichonycteris obscura is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Thomas in 1895.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Lichonycteris obscura[3][2][4] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Thomas 1895. Lichonycteris obscura är ensam i släktet Lichonycteris som ingår i familjen bladnäsor.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[5]
En art som blev beskriven av Miller 1931 (Lichonycteris degener) betraktas numera som synonym[2] men denna taxonomi är omstridd.[7]
Denna fladdermus förekommer i Central- och Sydamerika från södra Mexiko till östra Peru, centrala Bolivia och nordöstra Brasilien. En isolerad population finns i östra Brasilien vid Atlanten. Arten saknas i östra Colombia och västra Venezuela. Habitatet utgörs av städsegröna skogar i låglandet. Lichonycteris obscura uppsöker även fruktträdodlingar.[1]
Individerna når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 5,0 till 5,5 cm och en vikt mellan 5 och 8 gram. Svansen är bara 8 till 10 mm lång. Underarmarna som bestämmer djurets vingspann är cirka 3,3 cm långa. Denna fladdermus har en brun till mörkbrun päls, ibland med gul skugga. Den har en långsträckt nos och en lång tunga med vårtiga utskott vid spetsen.[8] Tandformeln är I 2/0 C 1/1 P 2/3 M 2/2, alltså 26 tänder.[7]
Födan utgörs antagligen av frukter, nektar, pollen och insekter.[1] Upphittade honor var dräktiga med en unge.[8]
Wikispecies har information om Lichonycteris obscura.
Lichonycteris obscura är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Thomas 1895. Lichonycteris obscura är ensam i släktet Lichonycteris som ingår i familjen bladnäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade.
En art som blev beskriven av Miller 1931 (Lichonycteris degener) betraktas numera som synonym men denna taxonomi är omstridd.
Denna fladdermus förekommer i Central- och Sydamerika från södra Mexiko till östra Peru, centrala Bolivia och nordöstra Brasilien. En isolerad population finns i östra Brasilien vid Atlanten. Arten saknas i östra Colombia och västra Venezuela. Habitatet utgörs av städsegröna skogar i låglandet. Lichonycteris obscura uppsöker även fruktträdodlingar.
Individerna når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 5,0 till 5,5 cm och en vikt mellan 5 och 8 gram. Svansen är bara 8 till 10 mm lång. Underarmarna som bestämmer djurets vingspann är cirka 3,3 cm långa. Denna fladdermus har en brun till mörkbrun päls, ibland med gul skugga. Den har en långsträckt nos och en lång tunga med vårtiga utskott vid spetsen. Tandformeln är I 2/0 C 1/1 P 2/3 M 2/2, alltså 26 tänder.
Födan utgörs antagligen av frukter, nektar, pollen och insekter. Upphittade honor var dräktiga med en unge.
Довжина голови і тіла між 46 і 55 мм, довжина передпліччя між 31 і 35 мм, довжина хвоста 6—10 мм, довжина стопи від 8 до 11 мм, довжина вух між 10 і 13 мм і вага до 10 гр. Загальний колір тіла темно-коричневий. Морда довга, язик довгий і розширюваний. Вуха короткі і округлі. Зубна формула: 2/0, 1/1, 2/3, 2/2 = 26. Каріотип, 2n=24 FN=44.
Цей кажан відвідує квіти і, ймовірно, харчується нектаром, пилком і комахами. Вагітні самиці були захоплені в серпні та жовтні. Сезон розмноження, ймовірно, в сухий сезон.
Країни поширення: Беліз, Болівія, Бразилія, Колумбія, Коста-Рика, Еквадор, Французька Гвіана, Гватемала, Гаяна, Гондурас, Мексика, Нікарагуа, Панама, Перу, Суринам, Венесуела. Висота проживання: від низин до 1000 м. Як правило, записується в низинних вічнозелених лісах і плантаціях. У Болівії також присутній в гірських лісах.
Lichonycteris obscura là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1895.[1]
Lichonycteris obscura là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1895.
진한갈색긴혀박쥐(Lichonycteris obscura)는 주걱박쥐과 긴혀박쥐아과에 속하는 박쥐의 하나이다. 진한갈색긴혀박쥐속(Lichonycteris)의 유일종이다. 남아메리카와 중앙아메리카에서 발견된다.
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