In 1939 Hayman described a new vespertilionid bat from the Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo), noting that it was “one of the most striking discoveries of recent years’’ (Hayman 1939). He placed this species in the genus Glauconycteris Dobson, 1875, aptly erecting the specific name superba for its spectacularly bold black and white color pattern. Since that time, only a few specimens of this species have been collected. Our capture of a parous female in July 2012 in southwestern South Sudan represents a new country record for this poorly known bat, extending its range eastward. The only species of Glauconycteris previously reported from South Sudan is Glauconycteris variegata (Koopman 1975, McLellen 1986).
Hayman (1939) placed superba in Glauconycteris on the basis of its boldly patterned markings, dental formula, and properties of the incisors (Rosevear 1965; Rambaldini 2010).
Close examination of our 2012 South Sudan specimen relative to other specimens of Glauconycteris superba and of other Glauconycteris species indicates that, while this taxon is probably closely related to species of Glauconycteris, it lacks many of the most notable specializations of that genus, and we suggest that it is sufficiently and remarkably different from other vespertilionids as to warrant placement in a unique genus.
Among vespertilionids, Niumbaha bears closest comparison with species of Glauconycteris (the type species of which is Glauconycteris poensis), to which it is apparently closely related, but it has a considerably larger skull and is more strikingly patterned compared to any member of Glauconycteris (its patterning most closely approaching the Asian vespertilionid genus Scotomanes). It lacks various of the most exaggeratedly derived traits (specializations) that uniquely unite the species of Glauconycteris among African vespertilionids, including the excessively foreshortened rostrum, moderately to highly reduced relative canine size, and very elongate wing tips (second wing phalanxes) of Glauconycteris (Rosevear 1965). Externally, Niumbaha is immediately distinguished from all other African vespertilionid bats by its distinct coloration pattern, including pale yellow spots and stripes on an otherwise dark black pelage (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and detailed descriptions below). While Hayman (1939:222) noted that, “in general form Glauconycteris superba does not differ from other Glauconycteris, ” we find that most external features are in fact different from Glauconycteris sensu stricto. The ears of Niumbaha are more robust and subquadrangular, contain a larger free lobe at the inner margin, and contain a more strongly curved tragus than Glauconycteris (Fig. 3). The muzzle of Niumbaha is more robust than Glauconycteris sensu stricto and contains nostrils that open more to the front than to the side (Fig. 3). The wingtips in Niumbaha are longer than in most other African vespertilionids in that phalanx 2 of the third digit is longer than phalanx 1, yet remain considerably shorter than in the characteristically long-wingtipped Glauconycteris (ratio of Ph2/Ph1 in Niumbaha, at 1.15 ± 0.05 SD, is significantly shorter than Glauconycteris, at 1.51 ± 0.12 SD; Fig. 4). Niumbaha shares its dental formula with Glauconycteris, at 2.1.1.3/3.1.2.3 = 32, but is overall significantly larger than species of Glauconycteris in all characters, with a total skull length of greater than 16.0 mm (Table 2; Fig. 5). While the rostrum of Glauconycteris is short and generally rises in an even plane from the incisors to the occiput, the frontal region of the skull in Niumbaha is excavated or ‘hollowed out’, with the upper surface of the longer rostrum largely flat and roughly parallel to the upper toothrows (see Fig. 5). Additionally, the skull is relatively less broad and less domed and more elongate than in Glauconycteris (indicated by ratios of the mastoid width, breadth of the braincase, height of the braincase, and zygomatic breadth to the greatest length of the skull (Table 2)), although the anterior portion of the rostrum is relatively broader (indicated by the ratio of the width at the upper canines to the width at the last molar (M3-M3)).
Glauconycteris superba Hayman, 1939, the Pied or Superb Butterfly Bat, is one of the most spectacularly coloured bats found in Africa. It is the largest species of the genus and characterised by black wings and a predominantly black pelage, which is strikingly marked with white spots and stripes on the head, back and belly.
Despite this unique and conspicuous colouration, only two additional specimens had been collected since its discovery in 1938 in Pawa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): one on 6 Dec. 1946 in Oda, southern Ghana (and designated as type of Glauconycteris superba sheila Hayman, 1947), and one on 24 Jan. 1972 in Matonguiné [sometimes spelled as Matongouiné], southwestern Ivory Coast (Fahr 2013). In this paper we report on a fourth specimen, constituting the rediscovery of this species after 40 years since the last record, present data on its morphology and distribution, characterize climatic and land cover conditions at the collection sites, and discuss the taxonomy and conservation status of G. superba.
Die Schwarzweiße Schmetterlingsfledermaus (Niumbaha superba) ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Glattnasen, welche in Afrika beheimatet ist. Das genaue Verbreitungsgebiet ist nicht bekannt. Bisher ist die Art nur von wenigen Fundorten im Regenwald im Nordosten der Demokratischen Republik Kongo, aus dem südwestlichen Südsudan und vom Regenwaldrand in Ghana und in der Elfenbeinküste bekannt.[1]
Die Schwarzweiße Schmetterlingsfledermaus erreicht eine Gesamtlänge (Schnauzenspitze bis Schwanzende) von 8,8 bis 11,2 cm, wird damit länger als die Schmetterlingsfledermäuse (Glauconycteris) und hat einen deutlich größeren Schädel (> 16 mm) als die Arten dieser Gattung. Auffällig und einzigartig unter den afrikanischen Glattnasen ist die kontrastreiche schwarzgelbe Färbung der Art.[1] Damit ähnelt sie mehr der asiatischen Harlekinfledermaus (Scotomanes ornatus). Die Ohren der Schwarzweißen Schmetterlingsfledermaus sind robuster und eckiger. Sie haben am Innenrand einen großen, frei stehenden Auswuchs und der Tragus ist mehr gebogen als bei Glauconycteris. Die Schnauze ist kräftiger als bei Glauconycteris und die Nasenöffnungen sitzen mehr vorne als an der Seite. Der Schädel ist in Relation zur Länge weniger breit als bei Glauconycteris aber länglicher und mehr aufgewölbt. Die Schnauze ist flach und der obere Schnauzenrand verläuft parallel zur oberen Zahnreihe. Die vordere Schnauzenregion ist relativ breiter als bei Glauconycteris. Die Schwarzweiße Schmetterlingsfledermaus hat die gleiche Zahnformel wie Glauconycteris.
Die Flügelspitzen der Schwarzweißen Schmetterlingsfledermaus sind länger als die der meisten anderen afrikanischen Glattnasen, bleiben aber wesentlich kürzer als bei den langflügeligen Glauconcteris-Arten.[2]
Die Schwarzweiße Schmetterlingsfledermaus wurde im Jahr 1939 durch den britischen Zoologen Robert William Hayman erstmals wissenschaftlich beschrieben und der Gattung Glauconycteris zugeordnet.[1] Im Jahr 2013 wurde wegen der deutlichen morphologischen Unterschiede die Gattung Niumbaha für die Art eingeführt, die bisher monotypisch geblieben ist.[2]
Die Schwarzweiße Schmetterlingsfledermaus (Niumbaha superba) ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Glattnasen, welche in Afrika beheimatet ist. Das genaue Verbreitungsgebiet ist nicht bekannt. Bisher ist die Art nur von wenigen Fundorten im Regenwald im Nordosten der Demokratischen Republik Kongo, aus dem südwestlichen Südsudan und vom Regenwaldrand in Ghana und in der Elfenbeinküste bekannt.
The pied butterfly bat (Glauconycteris superba), also known as the pied bat or badger bat, is a rare species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae.[2]
First discovered in 1939 in Belgian Congo, the species was, at that time, placed in the genus Glauconycteris under the name Glauconycteris superba. Following a 2013 capture in South Sudan, only the fifth recorded capture of the species, the pied bat was relocated to an entirely new genus, Niumbaha, named after the Zande word for "rare".[3][4] Biology professor DeeAnn Reeder, one of the authors of the genus Niumbaha, said, "its cranial characters, its wing characters, its size, the ears – literally everything you look at doesn't fit. It's so unique that we need to create a new genus."[5] However, recognition of Niumbaha renders Glauconycteris paraphyletic and it is incorrect to treat Niumbaha as a valid genus without further splitting of Glauconycteris.[6] Due to this, both taxa have once again been synonymized.[7]
The distinctive pied bat partly resembles a bee, with light yellow stripes and blotches on its body.
It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea and South Sudan.[4] Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland and dry forests.
{{cite web}}: External link in |work=The pied butterfly bat (Glauconycteris superba), also known as the pied bat or badger bat, is a rare species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae.
El murciélago panda[2] (Niumbaha superba) es una especie de murciélago de la familia Vespertilionidae, la única conocida del género.[3]
Ha sido encontrado en los bosques de Ituri de la República Democrática del Congo (1939), en Ghana (1947), Costa de Marfil (1973)[1] y Sudán del Sur (2013).[3][4]
Un equipo de investigadores de la Universidad de Bucknell, encabezado por DeeAnn Reeder encontró un ejemplar de esta especie en Sudán del Sur y después de identificarlo y estudiarlo, encontró que sus características no encajan con las de los demás murciélagos del género Glauconycteris. Clasificaron entonces esta especie de murciélago en el nuevo género Niumbaha, palabra que significa "raro" o "extraño" en la lengua del pueblo Azande.[4]
Datos: Q1831959
Multimedia:
Especies: Glauconycteris superba
El murciélago panda (Niumbaha superba) es una especie de murciélago de la familia Vespertilionidae, la única conocida del género.
Glauconycteris superba Glauconycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Vespertilioninae azpifamilia eta Vespertilionidae familian sailkatuta dago
Glauconycteris superba Glauconycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Vespertilioninae azpifamilia eta Vespertilionidae familian sailkatuta dago
Glauconycteris superba
Niumbaha superba est une espèce de chiroptères de la famille des Vespertilionidae.
En 2013, Reeder, Helgen, Vodzak, Lunde et Ejotre[4] placent cette espèce dans un nouveau genre Niumbaha sous le nom de Niumbaha superba (Hayman, 1939), cependant cette classification ne fait pas encore consensus. Si à la base l'espèce appartenait au genre Glauconycteris, il est vrai que les caractères de cette chauve-souris ne correspondent pas ou peu à ceux des autres espèces de son ancien genre[5]. Le nouveau genre ne présente aujourd'hui que N. superba.
De profil
Coloration
Vue dorsale (spécimen naturalisé)
Vue ventrale (spécimen naturalisé)
Glauconycteris superba
Niumbaha superba est une espèce de chiroptères de la famille des Vespertilionidae.
Niumbaha superba (Hayman, 1939) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Vespertilionidi, unica specie del genere Niumbaha (Reeder, Helgen, Vodzak, Lunde & Ejotre, 2013), diffuso nell'Africa occidentale e centrale.[1][2]
Il termine generico deriva dalla parola Zande Niumbaha, il quale significato è rara o insolita.
Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza totale tra 88 e 112 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 45 e 48 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 39 e 49 mm, la lunghezza del piede di 8,3 mm e la lunghezza delle orecchie di 13 mm.[3]
Il cranio è corto e robusto, con un rostro corto e schiacciato che forma una concavità sulla zona frontale. La cresta sagittale è bassa. I canini sono relativamente robusti, gli incisivi interni superiori hanno una sola cuspide mentre quelli inferiori sono trifidi.
Sono caratterizzati dalla seguente formula dentaria:
3 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 3 1 2 3 Totale: 32 1.Incisivi; 2.Canini; 3.Premolari; 4.Molari;La pelliccia è soffice e densa. Il colore generale del corpo è nerastro, con diverse macchie biancastre o bianco-giallastre sul corpo. Sul muso ne sono presenti una sul naso e due sulla fronte vicino ogni occhio. Sul dorso sono presenti delle macchie triangolari su ogni lato della spina dorsale e una striscia più sottile lungo i fianchi. Su ogni spalla inoltre possono essere presenti tre macchie disposte in fila oppure una striscia continua. Sul ventre è presente un anello bianco che si estende dalla gola fino alla regione anale attraverso i fianchi, lasciando la parte centrale del petto e dell'addome nerastri. Il muso è corto, largo e con le narici che si aprono lateralmente sopra uno spesso cuscinetto cilindrico privo di peli. Le orecchie sono lunghe, squadrate e con l'antitrago che si estende attraverso un altro lobo carnoso sul labbro inferiore all'angolo posteriore del muso. Il trago è molto largo, con il margine posteriore curvato e con un piccolo lobo basale. Le membrane alari sono dorsalmente nere e ventralmente ricoperte di venature più chiare. La coda è lunga ed inclusa completamente nell'ampio uropatagio, il quale è dorsalmente nero e ventralmente grigio chiaro. I gomiti, le ginocchia e le anche sono neri.
Si nutre di insetti.
Questa specie è diffusa nella Costa d'Avorio occidentale, Ghana meridionale, Repubblica Democratica del Congo nord-orientale e Sudan del Sud sud-occidentale.
Vive nelle foreste tropicali umide di pianura.
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale e la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, classifica N.superba come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Niumbaha superba (Hayman, 1939) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Vespertilionidi, unica specie del genere Niumbaha (Reeder, Helgen, Vodzak, Lunde & Ejotre, 2013), diffuso nell'Africa occidentale e centrale.
Niumbaha superba é uma espécie de morcego da família Vespertilionidae. Pode ser encontrada na Costa do Marfim, Gana, República Democrática do Congo e Sudão do Sul. Tradicionalmente classificada no gênero Glauconycteris,[2] a espécie foi recombinada em 2013 para um gênero próprio, o Niumbaha.[3]
N. superba foi descoberta em 1939 na floresta de Ituri na República Democrática do Congo. Posteriormente outros espécimes foram registrados em Gana (província de Oda) e na Costa do Marfim (sem localidade específica).[1] Em 2012, um quarto espécime foi encontrado na R.D. do Congo (ilha de Mbiye).[4] Em 2013, um quinto exemplar foi registrado no Sudão do Sul (Bangangai), expandindo assim a distribuição conhecida para a espécie.[3]
Niumbaha superba é uma espécie de morcego da família Vespertilionidae. Pode ser encontrada na Costa do Marfim, Gana, República Democrática do Congo e Sudão do Sul. Tradicionalmente classificada no gênero Glauconycteris, a espécie foi recombinada em 2013 para um gênero próprio, o Niumbaha.
N. superba foi descoberta em 1939 na floresta de Ituri na República Democrática do Congo. Posteriormente outros espécimes foram registrados em Gana (província de Oda) e na Costa do Marfim (sem localidade específica). Em 2012, um quarto espécime foi encontrado na R.D. do Congo (ilha de Mbiye). Em 2013, um quinto exemplar foi registrado no Sudão do Sul (Bangangai), expandindo assim a distribuição conhecida para a espécie.
알락박쥐(Niumbaha superba)는 애기박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 알락박쥐속(Niumbaha)의 유일종이다.[2]
1939년 벨기에령 콩고에서 처음 발견되었고, 곧바로 Glauconycteris superba라는 학명으로 나비박쥐속(Glauconycteris)에 할당되었다. 이어서 2013년 남수단에서 수집한 이 종의 5번째 표본을 통해 별도의 새로운 속으로 분류되었고, 학명은 잔데어로 "희귀하다"라는 의미를 가진 "니움바하(Niumbaha)"로 결정했다.[3][4]
콩고민주공화국과 코트디부아르, 가나 그리고 남수단에서 발견된다.
자연 서식지는 아열대 또는 열대 건조림과 습윤 저지대 숲이다.
서식지 감소로 멸종 위협을 받고 있다.
