dcsimg

Comments ( anglais )

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M.L. Fernald (1929) treated plants from Greenland and eastern North America as Coptis groenlandica and those from Alaska and eastern Asia as C . trifolia . He did concede, however, that intermediates do occur. E.Hultén (1937) treated the two taxa as subspecies but concluded that C . trifolia subsp. trifolia was restricted to the Aleutian Islands in North America. Plants from southeastern Alaska were comparable to material from Greenland and were called C . trifolia subsp. groenlandica . Hultén (1944) later reversed this decision, concluding that the differences between the two subspecies were too slight to warrant their continued recognition. Finally, R. L. Taylor and G. A. Mulligan (1968), in their study of North American Coptis , found that the two subspecies could be distinguished on the basis of sepals and seed shape: subsp. trifolia having clawed petals and quadrate seeds; subsp. groenlandica possessing sepals that gradually narrow toward the base and round seeds.

Petiolule length, sepal width, the length-to-width ratio of the nectary, follicle body and beak length, and sepal and seed shape have been used most commonly to distinguish these two taxa. My comparison of herbarium specimens from the Aleutian Islands, the rest of North America, and eastern Asia indicated that no clear distinction could be made (table 1). Some plants from eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands had more distinctly clawed sepals than those from eastern North America but this was not evident on all individuals. Seeds from eastern North American plants were found to be variable in shape, with all seeds having at least one angle in cross section.

Table 1. Morphological comparison of Coptis trifolia from the Aleutian Islands, the rest of North America, and Asia.

Other

Aleutians N. Amer. Asia

________________________________________________
Petiolules (mm) 0.3-0.8 0.5-3.5 0.5-3

Sepals (mm wide) 1.7-2.9 1-3.6 1.8-4.5

Nectaries (L:W ratio) 0.9-1.3 0.8-1.3 0.9-1.6

Follicle

bodies (mm) 3.9-5.3 4-7 4.8-5.5 Follicle beaks (mm) 3-3.5 2.3-3.8 2.2-3 Native Americans used various preparations made from the roots of Coptis trifolia medicinally to treat stomach cramps, jaundice, sore mouth and throat, gum problems, and worms, to stop vomiting, especially for children, as eyedrops, for teething, and as an astringent (D. E. Moerman 1986).

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description ( anglais )

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Rhizomes bright yellow to orange. Leaves: blade ternate; leaflets sessile or short-petiolulate, blade cuneate-obovate, margins serrate, slightly lobed distally. Inflorescences 1-flowered, usually equal to or longer than leaves at anthesis, 3-17 cm, not elongating in fruit. Flowers erect; sepals spreading, oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic, 4-11× 1-4 mm; petals clavate, nectary apical, blade absent; stamens 30-60. Follicles 4-7; stipe equal to or longer than body; body elliptic, 3.9-7 mm; beak straight to ascending, 2-4 mm. Seeds 1-1.5 mm. 2 n =18.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat & Distribution ( anglais )

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Flowering late spring-summer (May-Aug). Wet to mesic, coniferous and mixed forests, bogs, willow scrub, and tundra, often associated with mosses; 0-1500m; Greenland; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Alaska, Conn., Ind., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Pa., R.I., Vt., W.Va., Wis.; e Eurasia.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citation bibliographique
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym ( anglais )

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Helleborus trifolius Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 558. 1753; Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fernald; C. trifolia subsp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Common Names ( anglais )

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threeleaf goldthread
trifoliate goldthread
Alaska goldthread
canker-root
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citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: forb, rhizome

Threeleaf goldthread is a small, scapose, evergreen forb. It has a long, slender
creeping rhizome that is a bright golden yellow. With no main stem,
threeleaf goldthread is many branched and frequently matted [12,40,46].

Threeleaf goldthread forms endomycorrhizal associations [34].
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( anglais )

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Threeleaf goldthread is distributed from Labrador south to Maryland and in the
Appalachian Mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee. It extends west
to Alaska in small pockets across Canada, with a more continuous
distribution in Alaska and British Columbia [24,29].
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology ( anglais )

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More info for the term: fire regime

Threeleaf goldthread does not appear to be well adapted to fire, despite its
rhizomatous habit. It is shallow rooted and occurs in areas that tend
to have long fire rotations (up to 500 years) [15].

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
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citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: hemicryptophyte

Hemicryptophyte
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citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: bog, fern, ferns, woodland

Threeleaf goldthread is common in coniferous forests, swamps, bogs, and road
banks [41]. It occurs in thickets, mossy places, cedar swamps, and in a
diversity of damp woods and banks [24,46]. Threeleaf goldthread is most
frequently found in low light, cool, moist conditions on relatively
infertile soils [1,9,13,17,47]. It usually occurs on Histosolic or
Spodosolic soils (podzolic soils), which are poorly drained and acidic,
with a deep, often not well-decomposed, organic layer [7,20,23,31,47].

Plant associates not listed in Distribution and Occurrence include:

Shrubs: Hairy raspberry (Rubus pubescens), lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium
angustifolium [V. myrtilloides]), wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis),
bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea),
Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum), speckled alder (Alnus rugosa),
partridge berry (Mitchella repens), raspberry (Rubus idaea), willow
(Salix pyrifolia), small cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus), Viburnum
alnifolium, American fly honeysuckle (Lonicera canadensis), laurel
(Kalmia angustifolia) [2,8,21,31,34,43].

Forbs: Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis), Cypripedium acaule, wild
lily-of-the-valley, starflower (Trientalis borealis), woodsorrel (Oxalis
montana), yellow beadlily (Clintonia borealis), sedge (Carex spp.),
creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria hispidula), goldenrod (Solidago
macrophylla), violet (Viola spp.), bedstraw (Galium spp.), Aster
ciliolatus, softleaved sedge (Carex disperma), leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne
calyculata), common fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium), glandular
willowweed (E. glandulosum), woodland horsetail (Equisetum sylvaticum),
Virginia strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), naked miterwort (Mitella
nuda), Smilacina trifolia, mountain lover (Pachystima myrsinites), robin
run-away (Dalibarda repens) [2,8,19,20,21,31,39,43].

Ferns and allies: Hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctiloba), moonwort
(Botrychium spp.), woodferns (Dryopteris cristata, D. carthusiana, D.
spinulosa), clubmosses (Lycopodium obscurum, L. annotinum, L.
ludiculum), interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana) [19,20,31,43,39].

Mosses: Calliergonella schreber, Hypnum cristacastrensis, Bazzania
trilobata, Deiranum scoparium, feathermoss (Pleurozium schreberi),
Ptilidium ciliare, Sphagnum spp. [2,8,22,39]
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

1 Jack pine
5 Balsam fir
12 Black spruce
13 Black spruce - tamarack
16 Aspen
18 Paper birch
20 White pine - northern red oak - red maple
21 Eastern white pine
22 White pine - hemlock
23 Eastern hemlock
24 Hemlock - yellow birch
25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
27 Sugar maple
28 Black cherry - maple
30 Red spruce - yellow birch
31 Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
32 Red spruce
33 Red spruce - balsam fir
34 Red spruce - Fraser fir
35 Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
37 Northern white-cedar
38 Tamarack
51 White pine - chestnut oak
60 Beech - sugar maple
107 White spruce
201 White spruce
202 White spruce - paper birch
204 Black spruce
205 Mountain hemlock
215 Western white pine
223 Sitka spruce
224 Western hemlock
225 Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
226 Coastal true fir - hemlock
227 Western redcedar - western hemlock
228 Western redcedar
229 Pacific Douglas-fir
230 Douglas-fir - western hemlock
251 White spruce - aspen
253 Black spruce - white spruce
254 Black spruce - paper birch
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES22 Western white pine
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the terms: bog, forest

K001 Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
K002 Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
K012 Douglas - fir forest
K013 Cedar - hemlock - pine forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K020 Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K094 Conifer bog
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K097 Southeastern spruce - fir forest
K099 Maple - basswood forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K103 Mixed mesophytic forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K107 Northern hardwoods - fir forest
K108 Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( anglais )

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More info for the term: rhizome

Threeleaf goldthread will survive cool fires, sprouting from the rhizome if
top-killed. However, the rhizome is sufficiently near the surface that
it may be killed by moderate-severity fires. Removal of the overstory
appears to have a negative effect on threeleaf goldthread survival
[5,14,15,42,44].
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citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( anglais )

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Threeleaf goldthread foliage is used as food in small amounts by ruffed grouse
[18,19].
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citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: association, hardwood, minerotrophic, organic soils, tree

Threeleaf goldthread is commonly associated with cool, moist habitats on poor to
moderately well drained soils at low to middle elevations [10]. It
often occurs in or near peatlands of various types [21]. It occurs in a
number of plant associations but is not considered indicative of
particular associations, although it is more often associated with
coniferous canopies than with hardwood [4].

In Ontario, threeleaf goldthread is usually associated with sites under or near
black spruce (Picea mariana), as opposed to sites that are open or near
other tree species [8]. In northern Idaho, it usually grows underneath
western white pine (Pinus monticola) stands in association with other
moisture-loving plants [30]. In Michigan, it is scattered in open
coniferous forests on gleysolic or organic soils on sites receiving
water. It is common in nutrient-poor wetlands and is an oxylophytic
species characteristic of Mor humus formations [26]. In New York, it
occurs in riparian areas [7]. In Labrador, threeleaf goldthread is a
wide-ranging, upland species that occurs on a variety of soil types from
boggy to well-drained [14,23].

Threeleaf goldthread is considered diagnostic for particular edaphic conditions
[6] (see Site Characteristics). It occurs as a dominant understory
species in an eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)-wild lily-of-the-valley
(Maianthemum canadense)-threeleaf goldthread type found in low lying areas in
northern Wisconsin and Michigan [6,27]. It is considered indicative of
minerotrophic water (water that carries mineral nutrients into the peat)
in peatlands [22]. It is an understory dominant in the mountain hemlock
(Tsuga mertensiana)-yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)/blueberry
(Vaccinium spp.) type, the western hemlock-yellow cedar/blueberry/skunk
cabbage (Lysichiton americanum) type, the Sitka spruce (Picea
sitchensis)/blueberry/American skunkcabbage type, and the mountain
hemlock/blueberry types of both low and high elevations [10].
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( anglais )

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More info for the term: forb

Forb
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( anglais )

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AK CT DE IN IL IA ME MD MA MI
MN NH NJ NY NC OH PA RI TN VT
VA WV WI AB BC MB NB NF NT NS
ON PE PQ SK YT
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( anglais )

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Native Americans chewed threeleaf goldthread roots to treat mouth sores. They
also made tea from the roots to treat mouth sores. The tea was also
used as an eyewash, to treat indigestion, and as a tonic after prolonged
illness [39].
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citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

Flowering occurs from May to July, depending on latitude [12,46].
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: cover, forest, litter, prescribed fire, seed, succession, wildfire

After both spring and fall prescribed fires, threeleaf goldthread responded with
vigorous vegetative reproduction but no seed production. Both fires
were relatively cool, consuming only the surface litter layer.
Overstory scorch was limited to 6.6 feet (2 m), and flame heights were
no higher than 20 inches (50 cm) [5]. In New Brunswick, a similarly
cool prescribed fire resulted in patchy charring of the surface litter
and negligible removal of the organic matter. Vegetation returned
quickly from surviving rhizomes [44]. In a study of post wildfire
changes in average individual biomass, threeleaf goldthread increased from 0.0004
ounce (0.01 gm) dry weight per individual to 0.001 ounce (0.03 gm) per
individual. No population decline was indicated [48].

In other studies of post wildfire succession, threeleaf goldthread reappeared
slowly [33,42]. Threeleaf goldthread was found to decrease significantly after a
wildfire in a black spruce-feathermoss forest [15]. In a study to
increase lowbush blueberry, removal of the overstory by logging in the
fall of 1949 followed by prescribed fires in the spring of 1951 and the
spring of 1952 resulted in a severe decline of threeleaf goldthread [20].

In a postfire successional study, threeleaf goldthread did not reappear in burned
plots until crown cover developed to 40 percent or more [33].
Similarly, Shafi [42] reports that threeleaf goldthread increased gradually after
wildfire as the canopy developed, but then the population declined
rapidly as the canopy closed.
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: ground residual colonizer, herb, rhizome

Rhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( anglais )

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More info for the term: seed

Threeleaf goldthread propagates from rhizomes and tends to form colonies [20,47].
No documentation on seed set or fertility is available.
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

1 Northern Pacific Border
2 Cascade Mountains
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

Threeleaf goldthread is not tolerant of disturbance and disappears after logging,
although it is not clear whether its disappearance is due to loss of the
canopy or mechanical damage to the roots [30]. It appears to be
intolerant of closed canopies but does require some shade, possibly
because of its preference for moist sites [26,42].
licence
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citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Synonyms ( anglais )

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More info for the term: fern

Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fern. [12,24,25,45]
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. var. groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. subsp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén [45]
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Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( anglais )

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The scientific name for threeleaf goldthread is Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. [45, 49].
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citation bibliographique
Sullivan, Janet. 1992. Coptis trifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Dreiblättriger Goldfaden ( allemand )

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Der Dreiblättrige Goldfaden (Coptis trifolia) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Coptis in der Familie der Hahnenfußgewächse (Ranunculaceae).

 src=
Dreiblättriger Goldfaden (Coptis trifolia), Illustration

Merkmale

Der Dreiblättrige Goldfaden ist eine ausdauernde, krautige Pflanze, die Wuchshöhen bis 10 Zentimeter erreicht. Sie bildet ein hellgelbes bis oranges Rhizom aus. Die Blätter sind dreizählig. Die Blättchen sind sitzend oder kurz gestielt und schwach gelappt oder ungelappt. Der Blütenstand ist einblütig, 3 bis 17 Zentimeter lang und etwa so lang oder Länger als die Blätter.[1] Er verlängert sich zur Fruchtzeit nicht.[1] Die Blütenhüllblätter sind weiß. Die Nektarblätter sind löffelförmig und gelb. Jede Blüte enthält 30 bis 60 Staubblätter und 4 bis 7 Fruchtblätter.[1] Die Griffel sind vermutlich zur Fruchtzeit 2 bis 4 Millimeter lang. Die Balgfrüchte weisen auf beiden Seiten keinen Längsnerv auf.

Die Blütezeit reicht von Mai bis Juni.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 18.[2]

Vorkommen

Die Art kommt im warmgemäßigten bis kühlen Nordamerika, in Fernost und in Ost-Sibirien vor. Sie wächst in feuchten Wäldern, Tundren und Sümpfen in Höhenlagen von 0 bis 1500 Meter.

Nutzung

Selten wird der Dreiblättrige Goldfaden als Zierpflanze für Steingärten, Moorbeete, Gehölzgruppen und als Bodendecker genutzt. Er ist mindestens seit 1782 in Kultur.

Literatur

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (Hrsg.): Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Band 5: Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c Bruce A. Ford: Coptis Salisbury. In: Flora of North America, vol. 3. [1].
  2. Coptis trifolia bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
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Dreiblättriger Goldfaden: Brief Summary ( allemand )

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Der Dreiblättrige Goldfaden (Coptis trifolia) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Coptis in der Familie der Hahnenfußgewächse (Ranunculaceae).

 src= Dreiblättriger Goldfaden (Coptis trifolia), Illustration
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Coptis trifolia ( anglais )

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Note the golden-yellow rhizomes

Coptis trifolia, commonly known as the threeleaf goldthread or savoyane, is a perennial plant in the genus Coptis, a member of the family Ranunculaceae.

Distribution

It is native to North America and Asia across the subarctic region.[1][2] Its range is divided into three broad groups. The first is from southern Greenland and Labrador that extends to Manitoba to the west and to the mountains of North Carolina to the south. The second is in Alaska and adjacent areas of British Columbia, extending towards eastern Siberia and into Japan and Manchuria. It is also found in Norway and central Russia. The disrupted and wide range of the species suggests that the three populations have been isolated from each other for significant periods of time.[3]

Goldthread seems to prefer coniferous or mixed canopies dominated by Eastern hemlock, but it has also been found in deciduous canopies in moist, acidic soils.[4]

Description

Goldthread has at least one small, deeply three-lobed, evergreen leaf rising from the ground. It has between four and seven white, petaloid sepals, though no true petals. It has between four and seven clavate and numerous stamen. It is usually between five and fifteen centimeters tall, with each stalk having a single flower or three leaflets. Its fruits contain a number of small seeds. The name goldthread is derived from the plant's bright yellow rhizome.[4]

Medicinal uses

The rhizome of the plant was chewed by Native Americans, including Algonquian-speaking peoples and the Iroquois, to relieve canker sores, and is the source of another common name, canker-root.[5][6] It has also been used to make a tea that is used as an eyewash.[7] Like the medicinal plant goldenseal, goldthread is used to treat symptoms of influenza and the common cold. Coptis trifolia has been shown to be biologically active against E.coli and Bacillus subtilis. The active compounds of Coptis trifolia are the alkaloids berberine and coptine.[4]

Ecology

In 1963, a species of fungus in the genus Lambertella, Lambertella copticola, was discovered growing on the dead leaves of a Coptis trifolia.[8]

Species of the fungal genus Gloeosporium can infect Coptis trifolia, as well as other species of Coptis, and reduce normal plant function. The slug Arion fasciatus also feeds on goldthread. Other external threats to Coptis trifolia include logging, fire, agricultural development, and human recreation.[4]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science".
  2. ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - the University of Texas at Austin".
  3. ^ Fernald, M. L. (1929). "COPTIS TRIFOLIA AND ITS EASTERN AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVE". Rhodora. 31 (367): 136–142. ISSN 0035-4902.
  4. ^ a b c d Balunas, Marcy (2003). "Ecological characteristics, harvesting impacts, and restoration potential of goldthread ( Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.), a medicinal plant - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2022-07-12.
  5. ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - the University of Texas at Austin".
  6. ^ "BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database".
  7. ^ Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 734. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.
  8. ^ Tewari, V. P. (1963). "Morphology and Physiology of a New Species of Lambertella on Coptis trifolia". Mycologia. 55 (5): 595–607. doi:10.2307/3756436. ISSN 0027-5514.

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Coptis trifolia: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Note the golden-yellow rhizomes

Coptis trifolia, commonly known as the threeleaf goldthread or savoyane, is a perennial plant in the genus Coptis, a member of the family Ranunculaceae.

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Coptis trifolia

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La coptide trifoliée (Coptis trifolia), communément appelée racine jaune ou savoyane, ou encore coptide du Groenland (d'après son synonyme Coptis groenlandica), est une plante herbacée vivace de la famille des Renonculacées.

Description

Ses feuilles d'un vert foncé et luisantes, divisées en trois lobes rappellent celles du fraisier ou du trèfle. La fleur solitaire est composée de 5 à 7 sépales blancs et est portée sur une longue queue fine. Le fruit est une ombelle de fuseaux terminés par un crochet.

La plante affectionne les bois frais et humides des forêts de conifères ou les tourbières. Elle pousse souvent sur un lit de mousse.

Sa particularité, outre le fait que ses feuilles restent vertes tout l'hiver, sont ses racines dorées. Celles-ci apparaissent de façon distinctive dès que l'on creuse un peu avec la main.

La racine de la coptide trifoliée offre un large spectre antimicrobien et antibiotique naturel.

Utilisation

La coptide est connue au Québec sous le nom de savoyane, abréviation de tisavoyane, graphie phonétique d'un mot micmac signifiant teinture pour les peaux[2]. Pour les Waban Aki, son nom, wizôwijapkwasek, signifie racines jaunes[3]. Les autochtones de différentes nations se servaient de la plante pour teindre le cuir, les plumes et les piquants de porc-épic[2].

La coptide a connu et connaît encore la célébrité comme antiscorbutique, stomachique, tonique et antiseptique. On l'utilise beaucoup, par la mastication d'un petit paquet de ses racines filiformes, pour lutter contre les aphtes de la bouche.

 src=
Feuilles de Coptis trifolia, Ontario.

Notes et références

  1. (en) Référence IPNI : Coptis trifolia
  2. a et b Gisèle Lamoureux et Fleurbec (Organisation), Flore printanière : guide d'identification Fleurbec, Saint-Henri-de-Lévis, Fleurbec, 2002 (ISBN 2-920174-15-0 et 978-2-920174-15-3, OCLC , lire en ligne), p. 94
  3. Michel Durand Nolett, Plantes du soleil levant Waban Aki. Recettes ancestrales de plantes médicinales, Odanak, 2008, 75 p., p. 15-16

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Coptis trifolia: Brief Summary

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La coptide trifoliée (Coptis trifolia), communément appelée racine jaune ou savoyane, ou encore coptide du Groenland (d'après son synonyme Coptis groenlandica), est une plante herbacée vivace de la famille des Renonculacées.

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Coptis trifolia ( ukrainien )

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Coptis trifolia (flower).JPG

Це багаторічна трав'яниста рослина, яка досягає висоти росту до 10 сантиметрів. Кореневища від яскраво-жовтого до апельсинового кольору. Листя глибоко трилопасте.

Суцвіття: 1 квітка. Квіти підняті: чашолистки розлогі, від ланцетних до зворотнояйцеподібних чи еліптичних, 4–11 × 1–4 мм, білі й легко приймаються за пелюстки. Насіння 1–1.5 мм. 2n=18(2x).

Поширення

Північна Америка: Ґренландія, Канада, США; Азія: Далекий Схід. Населяє від мокрих до середньо-вологих, хвойні та змішані ліси, болота, вербові чагарники, тундру, часто пов'язані з мохами; 0–1500 м.

Джерела

- Flower 02 -.jpg Це незавершена стаття про Розові.
Ви можете допомогти проекту, виправивши або дописавши її.
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Coptis trifolia: Brief Summary ( ukrainien )

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Coptis trifolia (flower).JPG

Це багаторічна трав'яниста рослина, яка досягає висоти росту до 10 сантиметрів. Кореневища від яскраво-жовтого до апельсинового кольору. Листя глибоко трилопасте.

Суцвіття: 1 квітка. Квіти підняті: чашолистки розлогі, від ланцетних до зворотнояйцеподібних чи еліптичних, 4–11 × 1–4 мм, білі й легко приймаються за пелюстки. Насіння 1–1.5 мм. 2n=18(2x).

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Coptis trifolia ( vietnamien )

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Coptis trifolia là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Mao lương. Loài này được (L.) Salisb. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1807.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Coptis trifolia. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về chủ đề Họ Mao lương này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Coptis trifolia: Brief Summary ( vietnamien )

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Coptis trifolia là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Mao lương. Loài này được (L.) Salisb. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1807.

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ミツバオウレン ( japonais )

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ミツバオウレン Coptis trifolia 01.jpg
ミツバオウレン (八ヶ岳、2007年6月撮影)
分類APG III : 植物界 Plantae 階級なし : 被子植物 angiosperms 階級なし : 真正双子葉類 eudicots : キンポウゲ目 Ranunculales : キンポウゲ科 Ranunculaceae : オウレン属 Coptis : ミツバオウレン C. trifolia 学名 Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. 和名 ミツバオウレン(三葉黄蓮)  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ミツバオウレンに関連するメディアがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにミツバオウレンに関する情報があります。

ミツバオウレン(三葉黄蓮、学名:Coptis trifolia)はキンポウゲ科オウレン属多年草高山植物。別名、カタバミオウレン

特徴[編集]

常緑の多年草。根茎は細長く、横に這って繁殖する。根出葉は3出複葉で、小葉は倒卵形で光沢がありやや厚く、基部の葉柄はほとんど無く、縁には鋭い重鋸歯がある。

花期は6-8月。花茎は緑色で、高さは5-10cmになり、1個のを上向きにつける。花の径は7-10mm、白い花弁にみえるのは萼片で5枚あり、長楕円形。花弁は蜜を分泌し、黄色で萼片より小さい。果実はほぼ卵形の袋果で矢車状に開出し、袋果の長さ3-8mm、袋果の柄の長さは4-7mmになる。

種小名 trifolia は、「3葉の」の意味。

分布と生育環境[編集]

日本では、本州中部以北から北海道に分布し、亜高山帯から高山帯針葉樹林内や林縁、湿地などに生育する。世界では、北半球の寒帯から亜寒帯に広く分布する。

ギャラリー[編集]

 src=
ミツバオウレン
 src=
葉と卵形の袋果

下位分類[編集]

  • タマザキミツバオウレン Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. f. plena K.Imai
  • ヤエザキミツバオウレン Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. f. semiplena (Miyabe et Tatew.) Okuyama

参考文献[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますプロジェクト:植物Portal:植物)。
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ミツバオウレン: Brief Summary ( japonais )

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ミツバオウレン(三葉黄蓮、学名:Coptis trifolia)はキンポウゲ科オウレン属多年草高山植物。別名、カタバミオウレン。

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