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Gomphrenoideae ( allemand )

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Die Gomphrenoideae sind eine Unterfamilie in der Pflanzenfamilie der Fuchsschwanzgewächse (Amaranthaceae).

Beschreibung

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Iresine lindenii, Cladus Iresinoids
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Alternanthera caracasana, Cladus Alternantheroids
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Tidestromia lanuginosa, Cladus Alternantheroids
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Blutaparon portulacoides, Cladus Gomphrenoids
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Froelichia gracilis, Cladus Gomphrenoids
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Gomphrena serrata, Cladus Gomphrenoids
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Pfaffia glomerata, Cladus Gomphrenoids
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Kennzeichnend für die Gomphrenoideae sind Staubbeutel mit nur einer Theke und zwei Pollensäcken.

Photosyntheseweg

Zu den Gomphrenoideae gehört eine große Zahl von Arten mit C4-Photosynthese.

Vorkommen

Das Zentrum der Artenvielfalt liegt in Zentralamerika, Mexiko und den Trockenwäldern und Dornbuschsavannen von Südamerika.[1]

Systematik und Verbreitung

Die Unterfamilie Gomphrenoideae wurde 1893 von Hans Schinz in Engler und Prantl (Hrsg.): Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Band 3, 1a, S. 97 aufgestellt.

Die Unterfamilie Gomphrenoideae bildet nach Sanchez Del-Pino et al. 2009 ein monophyletisches Taxon mit etwa 19 Gattungen und 300 bis 400 Arten. Die bisherige Gliederung in zwei Tribus (Gomphreneae und Pseudoplantageae) entspricht aber nicht den phylogenetischen Verhältnissen, stattdessen werden drei Kladen erkannt:

Literatur

  • Ivonne Sánchez del-Pino, Thomas Borsch, Timothy J. Motle: trnL-F and rpl16 Sequence Data and Dense Taxon Sampling Reveal Monophyly of Unilocular Anthered Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae) and an Improved Picture of Their Internal Relationships. In: Systematic Botany, Volume 34, Issue 1, 2009, S. 57–67. doi:10.1600/036364409787602401 (Abschnitte Photosyntheseweg und Systematik)

Einzelnachweise

  1. Kai Müller, Thomas Borsch: Phylogenetics of Amaranthaceae using matK/trnK sequence data – evidence from parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian approaches. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Volume 92, 2005, S. 66–102.
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k David John Mabberley: Mabberley’s Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3. Auflage, Cambridge University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.
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Gomphrenoideae: Brief Summary ( allemand )

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Die Gomphrenoideae sind eine Unterfamilie in der Pflanzenfamilie der Fuchsschwanzgewächse (Amaranthaceae).

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Gomphrenoideae ( anglais )

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The Gomphrenoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae.

The stamens have anthers with only one lobe (locule) and two pollen sacs. Many species show C4-photosynthesis pathway.[1]

The center of diversity lies in Central America, Mexico and the dry forests and thorn bush savannas of South America.[2]

Systematics

The subfamily Gomphrenoideae was first published in 1893 by Hans Schinz (in: Engler und Prantl (Eds.): Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien vol. 3, 1a, p. 97).

According to phylogenetic research by Sanchez Del-Pino (2009), the subfamily Gomphrenoideae Schinz is regarded as a monophyletic taxon with 19 genera and about 300-400 species. The traditional classification with two tribes (Gomphreneae and Pseudoplantageae) does not reflect the phylogenetic relationship in this group. Three clades can be recognized.:[1]

Iresinoids

  • Irenella Suess., with only one species:
    • Irenella chrysotricha Suess., in rain forests of Ecuador. Phylogenetically, it falls within Iresine.
  • Iresine P.Browne (Syn.: Dicraurus Hook. f.): with about 45 species in North and South America.
  • Woehleria Griseb.: with only one species
    • Woehleria serpyllifolia Griseb., on mountain coasts of Cuba. Phylogenetically, it falls within Iresine.

This is the sister clade of the two other clades.

Alternantheroids

  • Alternanthera Forssk. (Syn.: Brandesia Mart.): with about 100-200 species, mainly in America, also in Africa and Australia.
  • Pedersenia Holub: with about 10 species in tropical America.
  • Tidestromia Standl.: with about 6 species in deserts of southern North America.

C4 carbon fixation evolved independently in the genera Alternathera, which also contains C3 and C3–C4 intermediate species, and Tidestromia.[3][4]

Gomphrenoids

One large clade within this group, containing the genera Froelichia, Guilleminea, Blutaparon, some Gomphrena species, and probably Gossypianthus and Lithophila, has acquired the C4 carbon fixation pathway.[3][4] Some of these C4 species occur at unusually high altitudes in the Andes, in cooler conditions than their C3 relatives.[5]

Photographs

References

  1. ^ a b c Ivonne Sánchez del-Pino, Thomas Borsch & Timothy J. Motley (2009): trnL-F and rpl16 Sequence Data and Dense Taxon Sampling Reveal Monophyly of Unilocular Anthered Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae) and an Improved Picture of Their Internal Relationships, In: Systematic Botany, Volume 34 (1), p. 57-67. doi:10.1600/036364409787602401
  2. ^ Kai Müller & Thomas Borsch (2005): Phylogenetics of Amaranthaceae using matK/trnK sequence data – evidence from parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian approaches, In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 92, p. 66-102.
  3. ^ a b Sage, R.F. (2016). "A portrait of the C4 photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame". Journal of Experimental Botany. 67 (14): 4039–4056. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw156. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 27053721. open access
  4. ^ a b Sage, R.F.; Sage, T.L.; Pearcy, R.W.; Borsch, T. (2007). "The taxonomic distribution of C4 photosynthesis in Amaranthaceae sensu stricto". American Journal of Botany. 94 (12): 1992–2003. doi:10.3732/ajb.94.12.1992. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 21636394. open access
  5. ^ Bena, M.J.; Acosta, J.M.; Aagesen, Lone (2017). "Macroclimatic niche limits and the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 184 (3): 283–297. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/box031. hdl:11336/182484. ISSN 0024-4074.
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Gomphrenoideae: Brief Summary ( anglais )

fourni par wikipedia EN

The Gomphrenoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae.

The stamens have anthers with only one lobe (locule) and two pollen sacs. Many species show C4-photosynthesis pathway.

The center of diversity lies in Central America, Mexico and the dry forests and thorn bush savannas of South America.

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Gomphrenoideae ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Gomphrenoideae Kostel. es una subfamilia de plantas de la familia Amaranthaceae.

Esta subfamilia es una de las dos reconocidas de las amarantáceas por tener anteras biloculares. Son predominantemente del Nuevo Mundo, mayormente de hábitats tropicales, incluyendo 20 géneros y más de 400 especies.[1]

Géneros

Referencias

  • Hans Schinz (1893): Amaranthaceae. In: Engler, Prantl (Eds.): Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien vol. 3, 1a, p. 97.
  • Ivonne Sánchez del-Pino, Thomas Borsch & Timothy J. Motle (2009): trnL-F and rpl16 Sequence Data and Dense Taxon Sampling Reveal Monophyly of Unilocular Anthered Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae) and an Improved Picture of Their Internal Relationships, In: Systematic Botany, Volume 34 (1), p. 57-67. DOI:10.1600/036364409787602401
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Gomphrenoideae: Brief Summary ( espagnol ; castillan )

fourni par wikipedia ES

Gomphrenoideae Kostel. es una subfamilia de plantas de la familia Amaranthaceae.

Esta subfamilia es una de las dos reconocidas de las amarantáceas por tener anteras biloculares. Son predominantemente del Nuevo Mundo, mayormente de hábitats tropicales, incluyendo 20 géneros y más de 400 especies.​

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천일홍아과 ( coréen )

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천일홍아과(千日紅亞科, 학명: Gomphrenoideae 곰프레노이데아이[*])는 비름과아과이다.[1]

하위 분류

  • 천일홍속(Gomphrena L.)
  • Alternanthera Forssk.
  • Blutaparon Raf.
  • Froelichia Moench
  • Froelichiella R.E.Fr.
  • Guilleminea Kunth
  • Hebanthe Mart.
  • Hebanthodes Pedersen
  • Iresine P.Browne
  • Lithophila Sw.
  • Pedersenia Holub
  • Pfaffia Mart.
  • Pseudoplantago Suess.
  • Quaternella Pedersen
  • Tidestromia Standl.
  • Xerosiphon Turcz.

각주

  1. Schinz, Hans. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3(1a): 97. 1893.
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