Trophic Strategy
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Prefers sites with stony or sandy bottom, shaded by riparian vegetation (Ref. 41072). Spawning adults found in gravel riffles and runs of clear streams; feeding adults usually in oceans or lakes; ammocoetes in muddy margins and backwaters of river and lakes (Ref. 5723). Anadromous (Ref. 58426). There are non-migratory freshwater populations. Subadults are non-parasitic (Ref. 12218). Feed on small aquatic invertebrates, algae and organic matter contained in detritus (Ref. 41072).
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Migration
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Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Life Cycle
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Both male and female engage in nest building, removing pebbles and small rocks from the stream bottom. The male uses his sucker to attach himself to the head of the female. The pair arch their bodies and the male wraps himself around the female. Both of the lampreys vibrate rapidly and eggs and sperm are extruded into the nest. Two males may simultaneously mate with a single female. A female will mate several times before her egg supply is exhausted, usually with several males. Ammocoetes spend one to two years in this stage. Upon metamorphosis (occurring from fall through winter, Ref. 12218), the young adults descend the stream to the sea or lakes or larger rivers (occurring in springtime, Ref. 12218) (Ref. 27547).
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Diagnostic Description
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Characterized by 2 large teeth on the supraoral bars, the presence of only 2 points on the central pair of lateral tooth plates, and the presence of a row of posterial teeth (Ref. 27547). Dorsal fins arise far back on body, the anterior dorsal lower than the posterior, the fins higher in males; lower lobe of caudal fin is somewhat larger than upper, the fin joined to both dorsal and anal fins; anal fin small, in males represented only by a low ridge (Ref. 27547). Color ranges from brown to olive to grayish above, paler below (Ref. 27547). The non-anadromous form rarely grows larger than 18 cm (Ref. 27547). Other adult diagnostic features: 11.0-62.5 cm TL. Wet weight of individuals 14.5-35.0 cm TL, 3.2-87.7 g. Body proportions, as percentage of TL (based on 63 specimens measuring 13-46 cm TL): prebranchial length, 7.3-21.3; branchial length, 7.8-20.8; trunk length, 21.9-56.3; tail length, 24.6-30.8; eye length, 0.7-3.7; disc length, 4.5-7.7. Intestinal diameter up to 13 mm. Urogenital papilla length, as a percentage of branchial length, in 6 spawning males measuring 33.9-40.1 cm TL, 14.6-19.5. Trunk myomeres, 65-77 [Kucheryavyi et al. (2007) reported counts of 63-85 for 19 downstream migrants and 55-79 for 87 anadromous individuals from Utkholok River Basin, Kamchatka]. Dentition: supraoral lamina, 2 unicuspid, rarely bicuspid, teeth; infraoral lamina, 6-10 teeth, usually 8 (as few as 5), the lateralmost tooth on either end usually bicuspid, the internal ones unicuspid; usually 3, rarely 4 endolaterals on each side; endolateral formula typically 2-2-2 with variant formulae, 2-2-1, 2-2-2-2, 2-2-2-1; 3 rows of anterials; first row of anterials, 3 unicuspid teeth; total number of anterials, 20-33 teeth [5-43 according to Kucheryavyi et al. (2007) and as low as 11 according to Iwata et al. (1985), which may be due to regional effects, but this requires further investigation]; exolaterals absent; single row of posterials, 12-28 teeth; transverse lingual lamina, 13-18 teeth, the median one greatly enlarged; longitudinal lingual laminae each with 10-14 teeth. Velar tentacles, 5-7, with tubercles and with the single median tentacle shorter than the lateral tentacles immediately next to it, and with dorsal velar wings on either side, each consisting of a single tentacle. Body coloration (live) of recently transformed adults brown on dorsal and lateral aspects and silvery on ventral aspect, while upstream spawning migrants have a yellowish olive dorsal aspect, becoming lighter on the lateral aspects, and dull yellowish on the ventral aspect. Lateral line neuromasts unpigmented. Gular region unpigmented. Second dorsal fin with a dark blotch near the apex. Extent of caudal fin pigmentation, 1% to
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Biology
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In fresh waters, occurs in rivers and lakes (Ref. 89241). Adults inhabit coastal and estuarine waters (Ref. 59043). Ammocoetes occur along river banks in silty-muddy substrate where current is slight (Ref. 89241). Prefer sites with stony or sandy bottom, shaded by riparian vegetation (Ref. 41072). Spawning adults found in gravel riffles and runs of clear streams; feeding adults usually in oceans or lakes; ammocoetes in muddy margins and backwaters of river and lakes (Ref. 5723). Spawning occurs on pebble-sand substrate (Ref. 89241). Anadromous (Ref. 58426, 89241). The Great Slave Lake Basin population is believed to be a permanent freshwater resident population (Ref. 89241). There are non-migratory freshwater populations. Probably parasitizes any species of fish of suitable size (Ref. 27547), including commercial species (Ref. 58426). Subadults are non-parasitic (Ref. 12218). Feed on small aquatic invertebrates, algae and organic matter contained in detritus (Ref. 41072). Larval period lasts 4 years. Age classes range in total length approximately as follows: 0+ up to 35 mm; 1+ 30-65 mm; 2+ 60-155 mm; 3+ 150-220 mm. They tend to disperse downstream as they age. Mean densities in the Hay River, Northwest Territories, have been estimated at 137 ammocoetes/m2. Larvae feed mainly on organic detritus and algae. Ammocoetes are preyed upon by fishes. Metamorphosis begins in late summer (mid-August) and continues through the winter in Great Slave Lake Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada and recently metamorphosed adults enter the lake in May to July. Downstream movement of recently metamorphosed adults towards the sea begins in late May and ends in July in Kamchatka. Adults parasitic on various fishes in both fresh and marine waters. The site of attachment is usually below the lateral line and anterior to the pelvic fins. Adults are preyed upon by fishes and birds (gulls). Spawning adults ascend rivers in Japan between October and January, while this occurs between the end of May and June in Utkholok River Basin, Kamchatka, and between the end of November and the end of April in the Yukon River, Alaska. The spawning migration distance up the Yukon River exceeds 1,600 km. Both sexes participate in the building of the oval-shaped redd. Spawning occurs in June in Utkholok River Basin, Kamchatka, from April to July in Japan and mid June - early July in Great Slave Lake Basin, Canada. Fecundity, 9,790-29,780 eggs/female in Great Slave Lake Basin (believed to be a permanent freshwater resident population), 12,272-34,586 eggs/female in an anadromous population from Kamchatka, and 62,936-119,180 eggs/female in anadromous populations from rivers in Japan. In the latter case, the long diameter of the eggs varies from 0.85 to 1.23 mm and the short diameter from 0.75 to 1.14 mm. The eggs are dark blue and adhesive. When they emerge from the egg after about a one-month incubation period, larvae measure about 7 mm total length. Adult life is about two years (Ref. 89241). Arctic lamprey has high quality flesh rich in fat (Ref. 41072). Around 1879 it was of great importance for native peoples along the Yukon River at Russian Mission and Anvik, Alaska, where they would catch upstream spawning migrants by the dozens through the ice using long multi-forked poles or dipnets (Turner, 1886, Nelson, 1887). The oil in the lamprey would be rendered through boiling in water and used for human food or in lamps as a substitute for seal oil. Recently, there has been an interest in starting a commercial fishery for upstream migrants targeting the Asian market in the USA and abroad in addition to the traditional subsistence harvest. The 2003 quota was set at 20,000 kg. The taste has been compared to that of sardine because of the high lipid content that can reach 38% of the body weight. In Japan, in the Shinano River estuary, upstream spawning migrants are caught between October and January using large handnets; in 1959, daily catches varied from a few dozen to over 1,000 lampreys (Honma 1960). In winter, lampreys are caught at the same place but using a gang of about ten bell-shaped leather fishing traps that is laid in a string along the river floor (Honma, 1960). The lampreys are served in a number of different ways in restaurants, and in salt-dried form are highly valued as a medicine against night blindness (Honma, 1960) (Ref. 89241).
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Importance
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fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; bait: usually
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Arctic lamprey
(
anglais
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The Arctic lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum), also known as the Japanese river lamprey or Japanese lampern (Petromyzon japonicus Martens 1868, Lampetra fluviatilis japonica (Martens 1868), Lampetra japonica (Martens 1868), Lethenteron japonicum (Martens 1868) ), is a species of lamprey, a jawless fish in the order Petromyzontiformes. It inhabits coastal freshwater habitat types in the Arctic.[4] Some populations are anadromous, spending part of their lives in the ocean. It is the most common and widespread lamprey in the Arctic region.[5]
Description
This lamprey is usually about 13 to 32 centimetres (5.1 to 12.6 in) long, but specimens have been known to reach 63 centimetres (25 in) and 200 grams (7.1 oz) in weight. Non-anadromous individuals are rarely over 18 centimetres (7.1 in) long.[4] It is brown, gray, or olive in color with a paler belly. There are two dorsal fins located near the tail, the posterior one larger than the anterior. Males are larger than females. The caudal fin has two lobes, the lower longer than the upper. It is continuous with the dorsal and anal fins. The anal fin of the male takes the form of a small ridge.[4]
Distribution and habitat
The Arctic lamprey is a circumpolar species. Its range extends from Lapland eastward to Kamchatka and southward to Japan and Korea. It also inhabits the Arctic and Pacific drainages of Alaska and northwestern Canada. The adults live in freshwater habitat near the coast, such as rivers and lakes. It can be found over stony and sandy substrates, and shelters under vegetation.[1]
Behaviour
The adult Arctic lamprey spawns in the gravel of riffles. The ammocoetes, as the lamprey larvae are known, are found in muddy freshwater habitats where they burrow in the mud and feed on detritus. It is generally an anadromous species, living in the ocean before migrating to fresh water to spawn, but some populations are permanent residents of fresh water.[4]
The adult is generally a parasitic feeder that attaches to any of a number of other fish species,[4] including salmon, lake trout, and lake whitefish.[6] The smaller, non-migratory form is not parasitic.[6] The juvenile consumes aquatic invertebrates, algae, and organic debris.[4] This species is prey for other fish such as inconnu, northern pike, and burbot, and gulls feed on spawning aggregations. The eggs and larvae are food for sculpins.[6]
Status
The Arctic lamprey is a commercially important edible fish with fatty flesh. It is reared in aquaculture.[4] The ammocoetes are used as bait. Threats to the spawning habitat of this species include pollution and the regulation of water flow by damming. Nevertheless, the IUCN has assessed this species as being of "Least Concern".[1]
References
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Arctic lamprey: Brief Summary
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anglais
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The Arctic lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum), also known as the Japanese river lamprey or Japanese lampern (Petromyzon japonicus Martens 1868, Lampetra fluviatilis japonica (Martens 1868), Lampetra japonica (Martens 1868), Lethenteron japonicum (Martens 1868) ), is a species of lamprey, a jawless fish in the order Petromyzontiformes. It inhabits coastal freshwater habitat types in the Arctic. Some populations are anadromous, spending part of their lives in the ocean. It is the most common and widespread lamprey in the Arctic region.
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Lethenteron camtschaticum
(
basque
)
fourni par wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Lethenteron camtschaticum: Brief Summary
(
basque
)
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Lethenteron camtschaticum Lethenteron generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Petromyzontidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Lethenteron camtschaticum
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italien
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La lampreda artica (Lethenteron camtschaticum (Tilesius, 1811)) è una specie di lampreda originaria delle acque dolci e costiere delle regioni settentrionali dell'ecozona olartica.
Descrizione
Dimensioni
Raggiunge una lunghezza massima di 63 centimetri, ma gli esemplari che vivono nell'oceano Pacifico misurano in media 40-60 centimetri. Presso le popolazioni d'acqua dolce che vivono nei fiumi nordici europei la lunghezza è generalmente inferiore. Il peso si aggira intorno ai 150 grammi.
Aspetto
Esternamente è simile alle altre lamprede del genere Lethenteron, con corpo anguilliforme a sezione arrotondata nella parte anteriore e compressa posteriormente. Le piastre dentarie laterali superiori presentano un solo dente e quelle mediane due; i denti labiali marginali sono assenti, mentre quelli inferiori sono ben sviluppati, forti e appuntiti. La coppia centrale dei denti laterali presenta due cuspidi. La pinna dorsale ha origine piuttosto arretrata ed è più bassa rispetto a quella posteriore. La pinna caudale è generalmente omocerca e contigua con le pinne dorsale e anale. La colorazione varia in relazione all'ambiente occupato. Il dorso può essere bluastro, brunastro, verde scuro (che può assumere sfumature tendenti al grigio o al giallastro), grigio scuro o grigio-giallastro. I fianchi variano dal giallastro al giallo argentato, mentre la parte inferiore assume tinte dal giallastro al bianco sporco o al bianco argentato.
Nei maschi le pinne dorsali sono più sviluppate, mentre la pinna anale è molto ridotta. Durante la fregola la bocca e, nelle femmine, l'area anale appaiono di colore rosso ramato. Nello stesso periodo i maschi hanno l'apparato riproduttore visibile[2].
Biologia
Comportamento
La lampreda artica è una specie anadroma, ma sono state osservate anche popolazioni che vivono stabilmente in acqua dolce. Gli adulti degli stock migratori lasciano le acque salate e risalgono i fiumi nel periodo compreso tra luglio e agosto per raggiungere le aree di fregola. Le popolazioni stanziali di acqua dolce si stabiliscono di preferenza nel corso superiore di fiumi e torrenti con acque correnti e ben ossigenate, ma possono essere presenti su fondali fangosi e ghiaiosi; frequentano anche laghi, stagni, fossati e canali. Gli stock che svolgono la fase trofica in mare si trattengono lungo le coste come gli adulti della lampreda di mare. Le larve vivono nei letti fangosi dei fiumi per 3-4 anni; in seguito vanno incontro a metamorfosi. A questo punto le popolazioni anadrome discendono verso il mare e restano in acque salmastre o salate fino alla maturità sessuale, quelle stanziali attendono la maturità sessuale nei bacini di nascita e in seguito iniziano la migrazione riproduttiva per raggiungere le aree di fregola[2].
Alimentazione
Gli adulti stanziali si nutrono come la lampreda comune, agendo principalmente come ectoparassiti di pesci o saprofagi a spese di carogne. Gli esemplari anadromi (in particolare le popolazioni dell'oceano Pacifico), invece, sono parassiti come la lampreda di mare, attaccando in particolare salmoni e altri grandi pesci. Gli ammoceti si cibano filtrando tramite l'apparato branchiale microrganismi, diatomee e detriti organici[2].
Riproduzione
Il periodo di fregola va da aprile a giugno, con picco massimo in maggio. I riproduttori compiono brevi migrazioni risalendo la corrente fino ai letti di fregola adatti. Le aree di deposizione sono solitamente collocate in acque correnti, ben ossigenate e di scarsa profondità, con substrato a ghiaia fine. I riproduttori si avvinghiano e il maschio feconda le uova emesse dalla femmina. Ogni femmina depone da 80.000 a 107.000 uova. Non esistono cure parentali. Dopo la fregola, non essendo in grado di alimentarsi, gli adulti muoiono. Le carcasse forniscono elementi nutritivi per i microrganismi che alimenteranno le larve. Le uova restano in incubazione nel substrato. Dopo il riassorbimento del sacco vitellino, gli ammoceti vivono alcuni anni nutrendosi di diatomee e di piccoli animali, catturati mediante una fascia vischiosa presente nel condotto branchiale.
La lampreda artica è predata in mare e nelle acque dolci da pesci carnivori, nei corsi d'acqua anche da uccelli come aironi e altri trampolieri. La specie è soggetta a malattie virali e batteriche[2].
Distribuzione e habitat
La specie è presente lungo le coste e nei fiumi dell'Europa nord-orientale, della Siberia e del Giappone settentrionale, dal mar Bianco e dal mare di Barents al mare di Ochotsk; si incontra anche nelle acque artiche e pacifiche dell'Alaska e del Canada nord-occidentale, fino al Grande Lago degli Schiavi a sud[1].
Conservazione
Nelle acque europee la specie ha subito forti riduzioni a causa di inquinamento e di alterazioni ambientali, non ultima la creazione di dighe e sbarramenti fluviali che impediscono alle popolazioni anadrome di raggiungere le aree di fregola. Il rischio di estinzione viene mitigato dalla relativa inaccessibilità di alcune aree del suo habitat. La distribuzione artica consente anche la conservazione delle aree di fregola, spesso situate in località scarsamente popolate o disabitate[1].
Note
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Lethenteron camtschaticum: Brief Summary
(
italien
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La lampreda artica (Lethenteron camtschaticum (Tilesius, 1811)) è una specie di lampreda originaria delle acque dolci e costiere delle regioni settentrionali dell'ecozona olartica.
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Lethenteron camtschaticum
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néerlandais ; flamand
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Lethenteron camtschaticum is een kaakloze vissensoort uit de familie van de prikken (Petromyzontidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1811 door Tilesius.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties Geplaatst op:
25-02-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen.
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Arktisk niauga
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norvégien
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Arktisk niauga er ein arktisk niaugeart som lever anadromt langs kysten av Nordishavet frå Kolahalvøya til Japan. I Noreg er arten truleg registrert i Pasvikelva, utan at det finst sikre data.
Kjenneteikn
Arktisk niauga er brungrått med mørk marmorering og flekkar på oversida. Han er 18-63 cm lang, med dei største individa i austlege bestandar. Unge individ har to ryggfinnar, men desse veks saman når fisken vert eldre.
Levesett
Arktisk niauga finst både i ferskvasstasjonære og anadrome bestandar. Dei vaksne lever helst nær elveos på grunt vatn ned til 50 m. Dei er ektoparasittar på dei fleste fiskane av nokolunde storleik, mellom anna laksefisk, flyndre, torsk og sild. Larvane lever av detritus og planteplankton.
Gytinga skjer på seinsommaren på grusbotn i sakteflytande (0,6-0,8 m vassføring i sekundet) elvar på grunt vatn ned til 20 cm. Frå 2 til 8 individ gyt i lag, og begge kjønn er med på å grava gytegropa. Hoene gyt med fleire hannar kvar, på ulike tidspunkt. Båe kjønn vaktar egga i dagevis, til dei døyr. Larvane ligg nedgravne i om lag 4 år.
Lenkjer
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Arktisk niauga: Brief Summary
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Arktisk niauga er ein arktisk niaugeart som lever anadromt langs kysten av Nordishavet frå Kolahalvøya til Japan. I Noreg er arten truleg registrert i Pasvikelva, utan at det finst sikre data.
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Arktisk niøye
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norvégien
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Arktisk niøye er en arktisk art av niøyer som lever anadromt langs kysten av Nordishavet fra Kolahalvøya til Japan. I Norge er arten trolig registrert i Pasvikelva, uten at det finnes sikre data.
Kjennetegn
Arktisk niøye er brungrå med mørk marmorering og flekker på oversiden. Den er 18-63 cm lang, med de største individene i østlige bestander. Unge individer har to ryggfinner, men disse vokser sammen når fisken blir eldre.
Levesett
Arktisk niøye finnes både i ferskvasstasjonære og anadrome bestander. De voksne lever helst nær elveos på grunt vann ned til 50 m. De er ektoparasitter på de fleste fisk av noenlunde størrelse, blant annet laksefisk, flyndre, torsk og sild. Larvene lever av detritus og planteplankton.
Gytingen skjer på sensommeren på grusbunn i sakteflytende (0,6-0,8 m vannføring i sekundet) elver på grunt vann ned til 20 cm. Fra 2 til 8 individer gyter sammen, og begge kjønn er med på å grave gytegropa. Hunnene gyter med flere hanner hver, på ulike tidspunkt. Begge kjønn vokter eggene i dagevis, til dei dør. Larvene ligger nedgravde i ca. 4 år.
Synonymer
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Lethenteron camtschaticum Tilesius, 1811
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Petromyzon marinus camtschaticus Tilesius, 1811
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Lampetra camtschatica Tilesius, 1811
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Lethenteron camshchaticum Tilesius, 1811
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Lampetra variegata Tilesius, 1811
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Petromyzon lumbricalis Pallas, 1814
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Petromyzon borealis Girard, 1858
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Lampetra borealis Girard, 1858
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Petromyzon japonicus Martens, 1868
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Entospheneus lamottei japonicus Martens, 1868
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Entosphenus japonicus Martens, 1868
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Lampetra fluviatilis japonica Martens, 1868
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Lampetra japonica Martens, 1868
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Lethenteron japonicum Martens, 1868
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Petromyzon kameraticus Dybowski, 1869
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Petromyzon ernstii Dybowski, 1872
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Ammocoetes aureus Bean, 1881
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Lampetra aurea Bean, 1881
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Lampetra mitsukurii major Hatta, 1911
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Lampetra japonica septentrionalis Berg, 1931
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Lampetra kessleri (non Anikin, 1905)
Referanser
Eksterne lenker
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Arktisk niøye: Brief Summary
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norvégien
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Arktisk niøye er en arktisk art av niøyer som lever anadromt langs kysten av Nordishavet fra Kolahalvøya til Japan. I Norge er arten trolig registrert i Pasvikelva, uten at det finnes sikre data.
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Minóg japoński
(
polonais
)
fourni par wikipedia POL
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Minóg japoński, minog japoński[3], minóg (minog) wschodni[4] (Lethenteron camtschaticum[5]) – azjatycki gatunek pasożytniczego bezżuchwowca z rodziny minogowatych (Petromyzontidae).
Suszony minóg japoński kupiony na
tokijskim targu rybnym
Jest gatunkiem wędrownym o lokalnym znaczeniu gospodarczym. Występuje w północno-wschodniej części Oceanu Spokojnego oraz w morzach syberyjskich[4].
Osiąga 63 cm długości ciała i masę 0,2 kg[6] (0,3 kg[7][4]). Samica składa od 80 tys. do 107 tys. bardzo drobnych jajeczek ikry[7].
Jego śluz jest uważany za trujący. Przed spożyciem zalecane jest nasolenie skóry, a następnie jej staranne umycie[4].
Przypisy
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↑ Lethenteron camtschaticum, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
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↑ Lethenteron camtschaticum. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
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↑ Krystyna Kowalska, Jan Maciej Rembiszewski, Halina Rolik Mały słownik zoologiczny, Ryby, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1973
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↑ a b c d Stanisław Rutkowicz: Encyklopedia ryb morskich. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Morskie, 1982. ISBN 83-215-2103-7.
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↑ Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fricke, R.: Catalog of Fishes electronic version (2 October 2012) (ang.). California Academy of Sciences. [dostęp 19 października 2012].
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↑ Lethenteron camtschaticum. (ang.) w: Froese, R. & D. Pauly. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org [dostęp 8 listopada 2012]
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↑ a b Ryby. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1976, seria: Mały słownik zoologiczny.
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Minóg japoński: Brief Summary
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)
fourni par wikipedia POL
Minóg japoński, minog japoński, minóg (minog) wschodni (Lethenteron camtschaticum) – azjatycki gatunek pasożytniczego bezżuchwowca z rodziny minogowatych (Petromyzontidae).
Suszony minóg japoński kupiony na
tokijskim targu rybnym
Jest gatunkiem wędrownym o lokalnym znaczeniu gospodarczym. Występuje w północno-wschodniej części Oceanu Spokojnego oraz w morzach syberyjskich.
Osiąga 63 cm długości ciała i masę 0,2 kg (0,3 kg). Samica składa od 80 tys. do 107 tys. bardzo drobnych jajeczek ikry.
Jego śluz jest uważany za trujący. Przed spożyciem zalecane jest nasolenie skóry, a następnie jej staranne umycie.
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Lethenteron camtschaticum
(
turc
)
fourni par wikipedia TR
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Lethenteron camtschaticum: Brief Summary
(
turc
)
fourni par wikipedia TR
Lethenteron camtschaticum, Arktik bölgede yaşayan, 18–63 cm uzunluğuunda, sombalığı ve diğer alabalıkgillerde asalak olan taşemen türü.
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東亞叉牙七鰓鰻
(
chinois
)
fourni par wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Lethenteron camtschaticum(Tilesius, 1811) 東亞叉牙七鳃鳗(学名:Lethenteron camtschaticum),又名七鳃鳗、日本七鰓鰻、八目鳗、七星子,是圓口綱七鳃鳗目的一種古老鱼类。[3][4] [2]
生長
東亞叉牙七鳃鳗的生長,可分幼體期、變態期、成體期三階段。從出土化石發現,其發育階段在數億年間未曾變化。
特征
牠的特点是嘴呈圆筒形,没有上下腭,漏斗状的口内有一圈一圈的锋利牙齿,为圆形的吸盘,能吸住大鱼。头前腹面也有呈漏斗状吸盘。
分布和棲息地
東亞叉牙七鳃鳗是一種極地物種,範圍從芬蘭拉普蘭區向東延伸至俄羅斯堪察加半島,向南延伸至日本沿海與韓國沿海的北太平洋。牠還棲息於阿拉斯加和加拿大西北部的北冰洋和太平洋流域以及、蒙古、中国东北淡水水域。
与人类的关系
一种原来生活在海洋裡[5]的東亞叉牙七鳃鳗被不小心带入北美洲的五大湖之後,成了入侵物种。由于成年東亞叉牙七鳃鳗靠吸食其它鱼类的[6][7]血而存活,他们的入侵对五大湖的渔业造成了很大损失,受害尤重的是湖红点鲑(Salvelinus namaycush)、貝加爾白鮭(Coregonus migratorius)。
参考资料
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^ Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. Lethenteron camtschaticum. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008 [23 November 2011].
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^ 2.0 2.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 日本七鳃鳗. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
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^ Froese, Rainer & Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). Lethenteron japonicum in FishBase. 2011年12月版本
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^ 李思忠. 我国东北的八目鳗. 生物学通报. 1954, (2).
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^ Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R., Barca, S. & Cobo, F. (2013). Life cycle of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: duration of and growth in the marine life stage. Aquatic Biology 18: 59–62. doi: 10.3354/ab00488.
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^ Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R. & Cobo, F. (2013). Downstream migration and hematophagous feeding of newly metamorphosed sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758). Hydrobiologia 700: 277–286. Doi: 10.1007/s10750-012-1237-3.
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^ Silva, S., Servia, M. J., Vieira-Lanero, R., Nachón, D. J. & Cobo, F. (2013). Haematophagous feeding of newly metamorphosed European sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus on strictly freshwater species. Journal of Fish Biology. doi:10.1111/jfb.12100.
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東亞叉牙七鰓鰻: Brief Summary
(
chinois
)
fourni par wikipedia 中文维基百科
東亞叉牙七鳃鳗(学名:Lethenteron camtschaticum),又名七鳃鳗、日本七鰓鰻、八目鳗、七星子,是圓口綱七鳃鳗目的一種古老鱼类。
칠성장어
(
coréen
)
fourni par wikipedia 한국어 위키백과
칠성장어(七星長魚, Lethenteron japonicus)는 칠성장어과 다묵장어속에 속하는 무악어류로, 다른 칠성장어들보다 비교적 극지 근처의 담수에서 서식하기 때문에 극지칠성장어라고도 일컫는다.[2] 대부분은 민물고기이지만, 몇몇 개체들은 성어기를 바다에서 보내기도 한다.[3] 현재 환경부 멸종위기 야생생물 2급으로 지정되어 보호받고 있다.
형태
몸길이 63cm 정도이며 강해성어이다. 몸은 통 모양으로 뱀장어와 비슷하게 가늘고 길게 생겼다. 몸빛깔은 보통 등쪽은 담갈색이고 배쪽은 흰색이다. 산란기가 되면 등쪽은 짙은 푸른 갈색을 띠고 배쪽은 흰빛을 띤다. 비공은 머리의 등쪽에 있고 후낭은 구강과 통해 있지 않다. 미성숙어는 제1등지느러미와 제2등지느러미가 분리되어 있으나 성숙어는 서로 연결된다. 입은 머리의 배쪽에 있고 눈은 잘 발달되어 있다. 안쪽 귀에는 작은 주머니가 있고 구강의 안쪽과 혀에는 각질성(角質性)의 이가 나 있다. 아가미구멍은 일곱 쌍으로 각각 옆구리에 열려 있고 그 안은 식도 밑으로 통하는 아가미관에 이어져 있다. 턱·가슴지느러미·배지느러미 및 비늘은 없다. 칠성장어의 입은 둥글고 턱이 없지만 액체를 세차게 빨아들일 수 있도록 되어 있다. 입 안의 단단한 이로 먹이에 달라붙어 혀에 있는 이로 먹이의 피부를 찢는다.
습성
산란기는 3-6월인데 이때가 되면 몸이 짧아지고 알을 낳는데, 먼저 수컷이 빨판으로 강 바닥의 자갈을 파헤치고 나면, 암컷이 자갈에 달라붙어 몸을 뻗는다. 그러면 곧 여러 마리의 수컷이 모여들어 암컷의 머리에 흡착함으로써 알을 낳는데, 암컷은 하천의 상류로 올라와 알을 낳고 죽는다. 알은 점착성으로 검은 초록빛이다. 유생은 하천에서 살다가 가을과 겨울 사이에 변태한 후 다음해 5-6월에 바다로 내려간다. 그 후 소화관이 발달되어 다른 물고기에 달라붙어 살게 된다.
각주