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Associated Plant Communities ( anglais )

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More info for the term: climax

Lesser prairie-chickens inhabit the arid grasslands of New Mexico,
Colorado, and Texas [11,20,22]. Plant communities include sand
sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia)-little bluestem (Schizachyrium
scoparium) types with sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), purple
threeawn (Aristida purpurea), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum).
Lesser prairie-chickens also inhabit shin oak (Quercus havardii)-big
bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) types. Greater prairie-chickens inhabit
climax grasslands of the eastern Great Plains [5,11]. These prairies
are dominated by big and little bluestem, indiangrass (Sorghastrum
nutans), and switchgrass (Panicum spp.). Oak (Quercus spp.)-hickory
(Carya spp.) forests may have once been used by greater prairie-chickens
[11].
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Common Names ( anglais )

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More info for the term: heath

prairie-chickens
greater prairie-chicken
lesser prairie-chicken
Attwater's greater prairie-chicken
heath hen
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Conservation Status ( anglais )

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Information on state- and province-level protection status of animals in the
United States and Canada is available at NatureServe, although recent changes
in status may not be included.
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Cover Requirements ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: cover, shrub, shrubs

Prairie-chickens need open grasslands for brood rearing and feeding,
more open and shorter grasslands for booming grounds, and scattered
shrub thickets for protection from weather and predators [7,11,22].
Prairie-chickens seem to nest in the taller grasses (8 to 15 inches
[16.5-38 cm]) found within their ranges [5]. A stable winter food
source is more important for greater prairie-chickens than protection
against the cold. Therefore, native grasslands mixed with small grain
agricultural fields are ideal habitat [6]. Adequate cover with 0.5 mile
of booming grounds is necessary because females tend to nest within this
distance. Optimum cover for lesser prairie-chickens consists of
midgrass to tallgrass prairies for nesting and winter cover, mixed with
lower seral stage grasses for brood rearing and feeding [26]. They need
more shrubs for shade during the hot summer months than do greater
prairie-chickens [6].
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( anglais )

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Prairie-chicken ditribution is listed below [11]:

T. cupido ssp. cupido - formerly along the East Coast, from
Massachusetts south to Maryland and inland
to north-central Tennessee
T. c. ssp. pinnatus - in small isolated populations in Michigan,
Wisconsin, Illinois, northwestern Minnesota,
eastern North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska,
Kansas, Missouri, and northern Oklahoma
T. c. ssp. attwateri - Texas Coastal Plain
T. pallidicinctus - southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas
through western Oklahoma, eastern New Mexico,
and the Texas Panhandle
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Food Habits ( anglais )

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Adult prairie-chickens eat mostly seeds and greens of plants, while
chicks feed on insects for the first several months after hatching.
Studies in Oklahoma on adjacent ranges of lesser and greater prairie
chickens revealed surprising differences in the food plants selected
[13]. Greater prairie-chickens preferred western ragweed (Ambrosia
psilostachya), Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus), sedge (Carex spp.),
lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), and
goldenrod (Solidago spp.). Lesser prairie-chickens preferred sand
sagebrush (Artemesia filifolia), fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica), sleepy
siline (Silene antirrhina), and sixweek fescue (Festuca octoflora).
Other food plants used by both species include corn (Zea mays), wheat
(Triticum spp.), rye (Secale spp.), alfalfa (Medicago spp.), buckwheat
(Eriogonum spp.), rose (Rosa spp.), birch (Betula spp.), aspen (Populus
spp.), elm (Almus spp.), hazelnut (Corylus spp.), oak (Quercus spp.),
sweetclover (Melilotus spp.), partridge pea (Cassia fasciculata), broom
snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), and violet (Violet spp.) [5,11,22].
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat-related Fire Effects ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: cover, forb, litter, restoration, shrubs

For the most part, fires are beneficial to prairie-chickens because they
can increase food; reduce litter for travelways, dusting grounds, and
booming grounds; and stimulate grass growth for brooding and hiding
cover [14,19,25].

Fires do not seem to negatively affect immediate use of booming grounds.
Following an April fire on prairie-chicken booming grounds in Wisconsin,
males reestablished their territory the morning after the fire [2].

April fires in shinnery oak communities prevent acorn production during
the burn year but maintain oak as low shrubs [18]. Bluestem forage
production in these types decreased with spring fires, but sand bluestem
(Andropogon gerardii ssp. paucipilus) and switchgrass production
increased. Annual spring burning in aspen parkland in Minnesota
resulted in increased flowering of big and little bluestem [24].

December fires in Texas encouraged Atwater's prairie-chickens to use
previously unused areas for booming grounds and nesting [4]. Birds
nested within 400 yards (366 m) of the recently burned, ungrazed plots.
Burned plots that were grazed following fire did not show a significant
increase in prairie-chicken use. Fall burning increased grass and forb
yields more than spring burning did. Insects also increased.

March and August fires on Illinois prairies resulted in an increase in
the prairie-chicken population [30]. More nests were found in burned
areas after the second, third, and fourth seasons following both March
and August fires. Hens were more attracted to the vegetation after
August fires. However, March fires are more suitable for prairie
restoration where redtop (Agrostis alba) and timothy (Phleum pratense)
grasses have invaded native grass prairies.
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

1 Jack pine
16 Aspen
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( anglais )

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This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES10 White-red-jack pine
FRES14 Oak-pine
FRES15 Oak-hickory
FRES19 Aspen-birch
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES31 Shinnery
FRES32 Texas savanna
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

K054 Grama - tobosa prairie
K065 Grama - buffalograss
K069 Bluestem - grama prairie
K070 Sandsage - bluestem prairie
K071 Shinnery
K074 Bluestem prairie
K075 Nebraska Sandhills prairie
K077 Bluestem - sacahuista prairie
K084 Cross Timbers
K088 Fayette prairie
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management Considerations ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: climax, cover, mast

Both greater and lesser prairie-chicken populations have declined
rapidly in this century due to habitat destruction and overharvesting
[11]. Now all populations are limited to isolated areas of their
historic range. Lesser prairie-chickens are declining in Kansas from
overirrigation of the sandsage prairie [23].

Shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) rangelands in Texas and New Mexico are
often treated with the herbicide Tebuthiuron. Untreated oak stands that
are allowed to grow and outcompete grasses will eventually be unsuitable
habitat for prairie-chickens. However, as prairie-chickens do eat acorn
mast and use the oaks for shade, a mix of untreated and treated stands
can be a benefit to the birds [20].

Rotational, deferred, and moderately grazed pastures can also benefit
prairie-chickens. Grazing that maintains mid-seral to climax grasses
will provide adequate cover and food [26]. Slightly heavier grazing can
maintain open spots for booming grounds [17].
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( anglais )

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CO
IL
KS
MI
MN
MO
NE
NM
ND
OK

SD
TX
WI

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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Predators ( anglais )

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Prairie-chicken predators include man; feral and domestic dogs (Canis
spp.); skunks and weasels (Mustelidae); red fox (Vulpes vulpes); raptors
(Accipitridae); crows, ravens, and magpies (Corvidae); and many species
of snake.
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Preferred Habitat ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: cover, forest, shrub, shrubs

Greater prairie-chickens prefer shortgrass and midgrass prairies mixed
with tall grasses. In these types they choose edges of midgrass and
tallgrass interfaces for day resting, and choose heavier shrub cover for
nesting. Lesser prairie-chickens prefer shortgrass prairies intermixed
with shrubs, and sites with more dense cover [10]. Prairie-chickens of
both species prefer bluegrasses for nesting throughout their range. The
ideal grass height for nesting is 11.8 inches (30 cm) [31]. A study in
Oklahoma showed that greater prairie-chickens tolerated an average of
2-inch (5 cm)-taller grass than lesser prairie-chickens [13]. In
Wisconsin, greater prairie-chickens preferred pastures, stubble fields,
and mowed hayfields for booming grounds, where they display and
establish territories before mating [29]. In Kansas, prairie-chickens
used sorghum fields during winter and forest edges on ridges during all
seasons [21].
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( anglais )

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More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( anglais )

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More info for the term: cover

The currently accepted scientific name for the greater prairie-chicken
is Tympanuchus cupido (Linnaeus). The scientific name for the lesser
prairie-chicken is Tympanuchus pallidicinctus (Ridgway). Some authors
consider the lesser prairie-chicken a subspecies of the greater prairie-
chicken, while other authors consider them distinct species [1,11].
This report will cover both and treat them as separate species.

The typical subspecies of greater prairie-chicken is extinct. There are
two extant subspecies [1,11]:

Tympanuchus cupido subsp. pinnatus (Brewster)
Tympanuchus cupido subsp. attwateri Bendirei Attwater's greater prairie-chicken

Prairie-chickens hybridize with sharp-tailed grouse (T. phasianellus) [27].
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Timing of Major Life History Events ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: polygamous, precocial

Age of Maturity - 1 year
Mating Season - mid-March through mid-May; males are polygamous
Nesting - about 14 days following mating, peaks in May; can nest
more than once during season
Clutch - lays 12 to 14 eggs; precocial young hatch after 23 days
Life Span - probably survives no more than 5 years in the wild
Home Range - can be as large as 1,267 acres (506.8 ha) for males and
577 acres (230.8 ha) for females
[21,26]
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

U.S. Federal Legal Status ( anglais )

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The Attwater's greater prairie-chicken is listed as Endangered. The lesser
prairie-chicken is listed as Threatened [28].
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Use of Fire in Population Management ( anglais )

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More info for the terms: cover, fire regime, grassland, shrub

Prescribed fires can stimulate growth of food and cover plants. They
also can reduce cover in booming grounds, and possibly reduce parasites
[15,19]. Burning can be used in conjunction with mowing every 3 to 5
years to enhance prairie grasses [31]. In areas where ring-necked
pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) parasitize prairie-chicken nests, autumn
grass fires can reduce pheasant nest cover.

No more than one half of all nesting cover within 1 mile of a booming
ground should be burned in any single year because prairie-chickens
usually nest within this range [30]. Burning in late September or early
October can create these display grounds in autumn and spring. Fire
lanes can provide dusting sites, travel lanes, and the desired edge for
nesting [30].

In shinnery oak communities, fire can be used to reduce oak and
stimulate growth of understory grasses [7]. However, some grasses may
not recover quickly enough to provide alternative cover in place of
bluestem grasses, which tend to decrease in these communities following
fire.

Fires at 3- to 5-year intervals are recommended on Minnesota prairies to
stimulate grass growth for prairie-chickens [24]. More frequent fires
are recommended where heavy shrub cover needs to be reduced. Optimum
cover has been determined at 15 percent brush to 85 percent grassland.

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
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Snyder, S. A. 1992. Tympanuchus cupido, T. pallidicinctus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Geotyar ( breton )

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lang="br" dir="ltr">

Ar geotyer a zo evned hag a vev e pradennoù Norzhamerika hag a ya d'ober ar genad Tympanuchus.

Spesadoù

3 spesad geotyer zo :

Notenn a bouez

Ne zisheñveler ket spesadoù hag isspesadoù ar genad Tympanuchus en hevelep doare hiziv an deiz[1].

Daveennoù

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Geotyar: Brief Summary ( breton )

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Ar geotyer a zo evned hag a vev e pradennoù Norzhamerika hag a ya d'ober ar genad Tympanuchus.

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Gall de praderia ( catalan ; valencien )

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Els galls de les praderies (Tympanuchus) són un grup d'espècies d'ocells, que formen un gènere de la subfamília dels tetraonins (Tetraoninae), dins la família dels fasiànids (Phasianidae). Habiten principalment a les praderies i altres zones obertes d'Amèrica del Nord.

Llistat d'espècies

Se n'han descrit tres espècies dins aquest gènere:[1]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Gall de praderia Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Gall de praderia: Brief Summary ( catalan ; valencien )

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Els galls de les praderies (Tympanuchus) són un grup d'espècies d'ocells, que formen un gènere de la subfamília dels tetraonins (Tetraoninae), dins la família dels fasiànids (Phasianidae). Habiten principalment a les praderies i altres zones obertes d'Amèrica del Nord.

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Präriehühner ( allemand )

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Die Präriehühner (Tympanuchus) sind eine Vogelgattung aus der Familie der Fasanenartigen (Phasianidae), die zur Ordnung der Hühnervögel (Galliformes) gehört. Zur Gattung werden heute in der Regel drei Arten gerechnet, die nur in Nordamerika vorkommen.[1] Das ausgestorbene Heidehuhn gilt als Unterart des Präriehuhns, einer der Arten dieser Gattung.

Alle drei Arten gehören zu den eher kleinen Raufußhühnern und erreichen eine Körperlänge von 40 bis 43 Zentimetern.[2] Sie bewohnen in Nordamerika verschiedene Formen der Prärie. Bekannt sind sie für ihr elaboriertes Balzverhalten. Die Männchen versammeln sich in Leks, wo sie laut rufen und mit gerade ausgestreckten Hälsen und gespreizten Schwänzen um die Weibchen tanzen. Die Luftsäcke am Hals sind dabei weit aufgeblasen.

Die Bestände sind unterschiedlich stark zurückgegangen. Das Präriehuhn kam einst in ganz Nordamerika vor, der Bestand wurde auf nur 1 % durch Jagd und Anlegung von Weide- und Anbauflächen verringert. Heute lebt es nur noch in den zentralen USA in den Bundesstaaten Nebraska, Oklahoma und South Dakota, wo es mit dem ausgesetzten Fasan konkurriert. Die Männchen bleiben auch im Winter an ihren Balzplätzen, die Weibchen wandern nach Süden.

Arten

Die folgenden Arten gehören zu den Präriehühnern:

Belege

Literatur

  • Steve Madge, Phil McGowan und Guy M. Kirwan: Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse. A Guide to the Pheasants, Partridges, Quails, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquails and Sandgrouse of the world. Christopher Helm, London 2002, ISBN 0-7136-3966-0.

Einzelbelege

  1. Madge et al., S. 381
  2. Madge et al., S. 381, 385

Weblinks

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– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
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Präriehühner: Brief Summary ( allemand )

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Die Präriehühner (Tympanuchus) sind eine Vogelgattung aus der Familie der Fasanenartigen (Phasianidae), die zur Ordnung der Hühnervögel (Galliformes) gehört. Zur Gattung werden heute in der Regel drei Arten gerechnet, die nur in Nordamerika vorkommen. Das ausgestorbene Heidehuhn gilt als Unterart des Präriehuhns, einer der Arten dieser Gattung.

Alle drei Arten gehören zu den eher kleinen Raufußhühnern und erreichen eine Körperlänge von 40 bis 43 Zentimetern. Sie bewohnen in Nordamerika verschiedene Formen der Prärie. Bekannt sind sie für ihr elaboriertes Balzverhalten. Die Männchen versammeln sich in Leks, wo sie laut rufen und mit gerade ausgestreckten Hälsen und gespreizten Schwänzen um die Weibchen tanzen. Die Luftsäcke am Hals sind dabei weit aufgeblasen.

Die Bestände sind unterschiedlich stark zurückgegangen. Das Präriehuhn kam einst in ganz Nordamerika vor, der Bestand wurde auf nur 1 % durch Jagd und Anlegung von Weide- und Anbauflächen verringert. Heute lebt es nur noch in den zentralen USA in den Bundesstaaten Nebraska, Oklahoma und South Dakota, wo es mit dem ausgesetzten Fasan konkurriert. Die Männchen bleiben auch im Winter an ihren Balzplätzen, die Weibchen wandern nach Süden.

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Tympanuchus ( anglais )

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Tympanuchus is a small genus of birds in the grouse family. They are commonly referred to as prairie chickens.

Taxonomy

The genus Tympanuchus was introduced in 1841 by the German zoologist Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger for the greater prairie chicken.[1][2] The name combines the Ancient Greek tumpanon meaning "kettle-drum" with ēkheō meaning "to sound".[3]

The genus contains three species:[4]

All three are among the smaller grouse, from 40 to 43 cm (16 to 17 in) in length. They are found in North America in different types of prairie. In courtship display on leks, males make hooting sounds and dance with the head extended straight forward, the tail up, and colorful neck sacks inflated (shown in the photograph at upper right). Tympanuchus comes from Ancient Greek roots and means "holding a drum"; it refers to the membranous neck sacks and the drum-like call of the greater prairie chicken.

The two prairie chickens are particularly closely related and look extremely similar. But their taxonomy and the evolutionary relationships of the Tympanuchus is still yet to be discover. There are still unknown information about these genus. But one thing we do know is that Tympanuchus are polyphyletic. They have a strong sexual selection (Galla, 2013).

They are commonly seen in the North American Prairies (Galla, 2013).

The extinct heath hen of the American East Coast, usually considered a subspecies of the greater prairie chicken, has been considered a separate species.

References

  1. ^ Gloger, Constantin Wilhelm Lambert (1841). Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte (in German). Vol. 1. Breslau: A. Schulz. p. 396.
  2. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 41.
  3. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Pheasants, partridges, francolins". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
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Tympanuchus: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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Tympanuchus is a small genus of birds in the grouse family. They are commonly referred to as prairie chickens.

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Prerikokoj ( espéranto )

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Tympanuchus estas malgranda genro de birdoj de la familio de Tetraonedoj, populare konata kiel Prerikokoj. Ĝi enhavas tri speciojn:

Ĉiuj tri estas inter la plej malgrandaj lagopoj aŭ tetraoj, el 40 al 43 cm longaj. Ili troviĝas en Nordameriko en diferencaj tipoj de prerios. Por memmontraj porpariĝaj ceremonioj farataj en masklejoj, maskloj faras ululajn sonojn kaj dancojn havante kapon antaŭen, voston supren, kaj kolorajn kolsakojn ŝvelajn (kiel vidate en apuda supra foto).

Tympanuchus devenas el radikoj el antikva greka signife "tamburportanta"; ĝi aludas al la membranaj kolsakoj kaj la tambureca alvoko de la Prerikoko.

La du preirikokoj estas ege proksime rilataj kaj aspektas ege similaj.

La formortinta Makiskoko de la usona orienta marbordo, kutime konsiderata subspecio de la Prerikoko, estis konsiderata separata specio.

Referencoj

  • Holloway, Joel Ellis. (2003) Dictionary of Birds of the United States: Scientific and Common Names. Timber Press, p. 206. ISBN 0-88192-600-0.
  • Peterson, Alan P. (Editor). 1999. Zoological Nomenclature Resource (Zoonomen). Accessed 2007-07-29.
  • David Allen Sibley. (2000) The Sibley Guide to Birds. Knopf, p. 146–147. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.
  • Storch, Ilse; Bendell, J. F.. (2003) “Grouse”, Christopher Perrins (Eld.): Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books, p. 184–187. ISBN 1-55297-777-3.
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Prerikokoj: Brief Summary ( espéranto )

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Tympanuchus estas malgranda genro de birdoj de la familio de Tetraonedoj, populare konata kiel Prerikokoj. Ĝi enhavas tri speciojn:

Pintavosta lagopo, Tympanuchus phasianellus Prerikoko, Tympanuchus cupido Prerikoketo, Tympanuchus pallidicinctus

Ĉiuj tri estas inter la plej malgrandaj lagopoj aŭ tetraoj, el 40 al 43 cm longaj. Ili troviĝas en Nordameriko en diferencaj tipoj de prerios. Por memmontraj porpariĝaj ceremonioj farataj en masklejoj, maskloj faras ululajn sonojn kaj dancojn havante kapon antaŭen, voston supren, kaj kolorajn kolsakojn ŝvelajn (kiel vidate en apuda supra foto).

Tympanuchus devenas el radikoj el antikva greka signife "tamburportanta"; ĝi aludas al la membranaj kolsakoj kaj la tambureca alvoko de la Prerikoko.

La du preirikokoj estas ege proksime rilataj kaj aspektas ege similaj.

La formortinta Makiskoko de la usona orienta marbordo, kutime konsiderata subspecio de la Prerikoko, estis konsiderata separata specio.

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Tympanuchus ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Tympanuchus es un género de aves galliformes de la familia Phasianidae.[1]​ Se les conoce comúnmente como gallos de las praderas.

Especies

Se reconocen las siguientes especies:[1]

Referencias

  1. a b Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan y C. L. Wood. (2011). «The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.6». Archivado desde el original el 19 de abril de 2012. Consultado el 10 de abril de 2012.
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Tympanuchus: Brief Summary ( espagnol ; castillan )

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Tympanuchus es un género de aves galliformes de la familia Phasianidae.​ Se les conoce comúnmente como gallos de las praderas.

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Preeriakanat ( finnois )

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Preeriakanat (Tympanuchus) on metsäkanojen alaheimoon kuuluva lintusuku.

Preeriakanoihin (Tympanuchus) kuuluvia lajeja

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä lintuihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Preeriakanat: Brief Summary ( finnois )

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Preeriakanat (Tympanuchus) on metsäkanojen alaheimoon kuuluva lintusuku.

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Tympanuchus

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Le genre Tympanuchus comprend trois espèces de Tétras appartenant à la famille des Phasianidae.

Liste des espèces

D'après la classification de référence (version 2.2, 2009) du Congrès ornithologique international (ordre phylogénique) :

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Tympanuchus: Brief Summary

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Le genre Tympanuchus comprend trois espèces de Tétras appartenant à la famille des Phasianidae.

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Cearc mhachaire ( irlandais )

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Cearc fhraoigh atá dúchasach do lár na Stát Aontaithe. An t-eireaball in airde, cleití fada ingearacha ar an gceann, saic inséidte fhlannbhuí sa mhuineál. Áitríonn sí na machairí, agus itheann torthaí, síolta is feithidí.

 src=
Tá an t-alt seo bunaithe ar ábhar as Fréamh an Eolais, ciclipéid eolaíochta agus teicneolaíochta leis an Ollamh Matthew Hussey, foilsithe ag Coiscéim sa bhliain 2011. Tá comhluadar na Vicipéide go mór faoi chomaoin acu beirt as ucht cead a thabhairt an t-ábhar ón leabhar a roinnt linn go léir.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Cearc mhachaire: Brief Summary ( irlandais )

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Ainmhí Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Tympanuchus ( galicien )

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Tympanuchus é un xénero de aves da orde dos galiformes, familia dos fasiánidos e subfamilia dos tetraoninos.[2]

O xénero comprende tres especies,[2] na Lista vermella da UICN.[3][4][5] que viven en América do Norte, econtrándose en diferentes tipos de pradarías.

Características

As tres especies, estreitamente relacionadas filoxeneticamente, son moi similares. De rexa constitución corporal, igual que as doutros galiformes, como as galiñas, son os tetraoninos de menor tamaño, xa que miden entre os 40 e 43 cm de lonxitude. Os machos son maiores que as femias. Teñen plumas nos orificios nasais. As patas están tamén emplumadas até as dedas, e teñen plumas ou pequenas escamas nos lados, unha adaptación para camiñar sobre a neve e enterrarse nela como refuxio. A diferenza doutros galiformes, non teñen esporóns. Na exhibición de cortexo nos "leks", pequenos territorios abertos nos que os machos, na época de celo, intentan desprazar aos seus competidores, a chamar a atención das femias, emiten sons e bailan coa cabeza estendida cara a adiante, coa cola despregada e cos rechamantes "sacos" do pescozo inflados (como se ve na foto adxunta).[6]

Taxonomía

Descrición

O xénero foi descrito en 1841 polo zoólogo alemán, especializado en ornitoloxía, Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger.[2]

Etimoloxía

O termo Tympanuchus está formado polos elementos do latín científico tymmphan- e -uchus, ambos os dous derivdos de voces do grego antigo. O primeiro de τύμπανον týmpanon, 'tambor', 'timbal' (derivado do verbo τύπω týmpō, 'golpexar'​). E o segundo do verbo ἧχος ểchos, 'ruído', 'estrondo', en referencia aos sacos membranosos do pescozo dos machos, e ao ruído que poducen.[7]

Sinónimo

Ademais do nome actual, válido, o xénero coñeceuse tamén polo sinónimo:[2]

  • Pedioecetes Baird, 1858

Especies

Notas

  1. Tympanuchus Gloger 1841 en Fossilworks.
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Tympanuchus Goger, 1841 no ITIS.
  3. IUCN (2016-10-01). "Tympanuchus cupido: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679514A92817099" (en inglés). doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22679514a92817099.en.
  4. IUCN (2016-10-01). "Tympanuchus phasianellus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679511A92816912" (en inglés). doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22679511a92816912.en.
  5. IUCN (2018-08-07). "Tympanuchus pallidicinctus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679519A131795740" (en inglés). doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22679519a131795740.en.
  6. Storch, Ilse & Bendell, J. F. (2003): "Grouse". En Perrins, Christopher. The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books. pp. 184–187. ISBN 1-5529-7777-3.
  7. Tympanuchus no Merriam-Webster Unabriged Dictionary.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografia

  • del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. J., Christie, D. A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L. D. C. (2014): HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.: Lynx Edicions BirdLife International. ISBN 978-84-9655-394-1.

Outros artigos

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Tympanuchus: Brief Summary ( galicien )

fourni par wikipedia gl Galician

Tympanuchus é un xénero de aves da orde dos galiformes, familia dos fasiánidos e subfamilia dos tetraoninos.

O xénero comprende tres especies, na Lista vermella da UICN. que viven en América do Norte, econtrándose en diferentes tipos de pradarías.

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Tympanuchus ( italien )

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Tympanuchus Gloger, 1841 è un genere di uccelli della famiglia Phasianidae.[1]

Tassonomia

Il genere comprende le seguenti specie:[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Gill F. and Donsker D. (eds), Family Phasianidae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 10 aprile 2017.

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Tympanuchus: Brief Summary ( italien )

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Tympanuchus Gloger, 1841 è un genere di uccelli della famiglia Phasianidae.

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Stepiniai tetervinai ( lituanien )

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Stepiniai tetervinai (lot. Tympanuchus) – tetervininių (Tetraonidae) šeimos paukščių gentis.

Rūšys

 src=
Mažasis stepinis tetervinas (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus)
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Stepiniai tetervinai: Brief Summary ( lituanien )

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Stepiniai tetervinai (lot. Tympanuchus) – tetervininių (Tetraonidae) šeimos paukščių gentis.

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Tympanuchus ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Vogels

Tympanuchus is een geslacht van vogels uit de familie fazantachtigen (Phasianidae).

Soorten

Het geslacht kent de volgende soorten:[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Tympanuchus: Brief Summary ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Tympanuchus is een geslacht van vogels uit de familie fazantachtigen (Phasianidae).

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Tympanuchus ( polonais )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Tympanuchusrodzaj ptaka z podrodziny bażantów (Phasianinae) w rodzinie kurowatych (Phasianidae).

Zasięg występowania

Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące w Ameryce Północnej[9].

Morfologia

Długość ciała 38–48 cm; masa ciała samców 684–1090 g, samic 548–999 g[10].

Systematyka

Etymologia

  • Tympanuchus: gr. τυμπανον tumpanonkocioł”; ηχεω ēkheō „brzmieć” (por. εχω ekhō „mieć, posiadać”)[11].
  • Cupidonia (Cupidinea): epitet gatunkowy Tetrao cupido Linnaeus, 1758; w mitologii rzymskiej Cupido (pol. Kupidyn) był bogiem miłości, synem Wenus[12]. Gatunek typowy: Tetrao cupido Linnaeus, 1758.
  • Pedioecetes (Pediaecaetes, Pediocaetes, Pediocoetes): gr. εδιον pedion „równina, pole”, od πεδον pedon „ziemia”, od πους pous, ποδος podos „stopa”; οικητης oikētēs „mieszkaniec”, od οικεω oikeō „zamieszkiwać”[13]. Gatunek typowy: Tetrao phasianellus Linnaeus, 1758.

Podział systematyczny

Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki[14]:

Przypisy

  1. Tympanuchus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. C.W.L. Gloger: Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte. Für gebildete Leser aller Stände, besonders für die reifere Jugend und ihre Lehrer. Breslau: A. Schul, 1842, s. 396. (niem.)
  3. H.G.L. Reichenbach: Avium systema naturale. Das natürliche system der vögel mit hundert tafeln grösstentheils original-abbildungen der bis jetzt entdecken fast zwölfhundert typischen formen. Vorlaüfer einer iconographie der arten der vögel aller welttheile. Dresden und Leipzig: Expedition der vollständigsten naturgeschichte, 1850, s. xxix. (niem.)
  4. Baird 1858 ↓, s. xliv.
  5. Baird 1858 ↓, s. 625.
  6. D.G. Elliot. Remarks upon a Proposed Arrangement of the Family of Grouse, and New Genera Added. „Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia”. 16, s. 23, 1864 (ang.).
  7. E. Coues: A checklist of North American birds. Wyd. 2. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882, s. 94. (ang.)
  8. F.E. Beddard: A text-book of zoogeography. Cambridge: University press, 1895, s. 97. (ang.)
  9. F. Gill & D. Donsker: Pheasants, partridges & francolins (ang.). IOC World Bird List: Version 8.2. [dostęp 2018-09-14].
  10. E. de Juana: Family Tetraonidae (Grouse). W: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott & J. Sargatal: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Cz. 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 1994, s. 409. ISBN 84-87334-15-6. (ang.)
  11. Jobling 2018 ↓, s. Tympanuchus.
  12. Jobling 2018 ↓, s. Cupidonia.
  13. Jobling 2018 ↓, s. Pediocaetes.
  14. Systematyka i nazwy polskie za: P. Mielczarek, M. Kuziemko: Plemię: Tetraonini Leach, 1820 (wersja: 2017-05-11). W: Kompletna lista ptaków świata [on-line]. Instytut Nauk o Środowisku Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. [dostęp 2018-09-14].

Bibliografia

  1. J.A. Jobling: Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. W: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D.A. Christie & E. de Juana (red.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2018. [dostęp 2018-09-14]. (ang.)
  2. S.F. Baird: Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-6. Cz. 9. Washington: A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer, 1858, s. i–lvi, 1–1005. (ang.)
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Tympanuchus: Brief Summary ( polonais )

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Tympanuchus – rodzaj ptaka z podrodziny bażantów (Phasianinae) w rodzinie kurowatych (Phasianidae).

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Präriehöns ( suédois )

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Präriehöns (Tympanuchus) är ett släkte med fåglar i familjen fasanfåglar inom ordningen hönsfåglar som alla förekommer i gräsmarker i Nordamerika.[1]

Släktet präriehöns omfattar endast tre arter:[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2014) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2015-01-01

Externa länkar

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Präriehöns: Brief Summary ( suédois )

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Präriehöns (Tympanuchus) är ett släkte med fåglar i familjen fasanfåglar inom ordningen hönsfåglar som alla förekommer i gräsmarker i Nordamerika.

Släktet präriehöns omfattar endast tre arter:

Spetsstjärtad präriehöna (T. phasianellus) Större präriehöna (T. cupido) Mindre präriehöna (T. pallidicinctus)
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Лучний тетерук ( ukrainien )

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  1. Фесенко Г. В. Вітчизняна номенклатура птахів світу. — Кривий Ріг : ДІОНАТ, 2018. — 580 с. — ISBN 978-617-7553-34-1.

Посилання

Птах Це незавершена стаття з орнітології.
Ви можете допомогти проекту, виправивши або дописавши її.
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Лучний тетерук: Brief Summary ( ukrainien )

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Фесенко Г. В. Вітчизняна номенклатура птахів світу. — Кривий Ріг : ДІОНАТ, 2018. — 580 с. — ISBN 978-617-7553-34-1.
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Tympanuchus ( vietnamien )

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Tympanuchus là một chi chim trong họ Phasianidae.[1]

Các loài

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo

 src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Tympanuchus  src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Tympanuchus


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Tympanuchus: Brief Summary ( vietnamien )

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Tympanuchus là một chi chim trong họ Phasianidae.

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Луговые тетерева ( russe )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Класс: Птицы
Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
Инфракласс: Новонёбные
Семейство: Фазановые
Подсемейство: Тетеревиные
Род: Луговые тетерева
Международное научное название

Tympanuchus Gloger, 1841

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Систематика
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ITIS 175833NCBI 9003EOL 83305FW 130713

Луговые тетерева[1] (лат. Tympanuchus) — род тетеревиных птиц из отряда курообразных.

Длина тела от 40 до 43 см. Обитают в Северной Америке в различных типах прерий. Во время токования самцы издают гудящие звуки и танцуют с вытянутой вперёд головой, задранным вверх хвостом и раздув красные шейные мешки (на фото справа вверху). Родовое название Tympanuchus происходит от древнегреческих корней и означает «владелец барабана»; подразумеваются мешки на шее и звуки, издаваемые самцами.

Вымерший вересковый тетерев с американского восточного побережья, считается либо подвидом Tympanuchus cupido, либо отдельным видом (в последнее время).

Классификация

Примечания

  1. 1 2 3 Бёме Р. Л., Флинт В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Птицы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский / Под общ. ред. акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., «РУССО», 1994. — С. 55. — 2030 экз.ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
  2. Фишер Д., Саймон Н., Винсент Д. Красная книга. Дикая природа в опасности / пер. с англ., под ред. А. Г. Банникова. — М.: Прогресс, 1976. — С. 281—282. — 478 с.
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Луговые тетерева: Brief Summary ( russe )

fourni par wikipedia русскую Википедию

Луговые тетерева (лат. Tympanuchus) — род тетеревиных птиц из отряда курообразных.

Длина тела от 40 до 43 см. Обитают в Северной Америке в различных типах прерий. Во время токования самцы издают гудящие звуки и танцуют с вытянутой вперёд головой, задранным вверх хвостом и раздув красные шейные мешки (на фото справа вверху). Родовое название Tympanuchus происходит от древнегреческих корней и означает «владелец барабана»; подразумеваются мешки на шее и звуки, издаваемые самцами.

Вымерший вересковый тетерев с американского восточного побережья, считается либо подвидом Tympanuchus cupido, либо отдельным видом (в последнее время).

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草原雞 ( chinois )

fourni par wikipedia 中文维基百科

草原松雞屬(学名:Tympanuchus)是松雞科下的一属,包括大草原榛雞小草原松雞尖尾草原松鸡3个物种。[1]

草原雞主要分佈在北美洲,大草原榛雞喜歡生活在高草草原,而小草原松雞則生活在沙丘及草原中。草原雞並非候鳥,都是區域性的鳥類,會保衛自己的領土。大草原榛雞約長36厘米,比小草原松雞稍大,色澤亦較為深色。

草原雞現時的保育狀況被分類為易危,而部份地區的草原雞,包括新英格蘭草原松雞奧氏角雉,都已經滅絕或處於瀕危狀況。

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参考文献

  1. ^ Holloway, Joel Ellis. Dictionary of Birds of the United States: Scientific and Common Names. Timber Press. 2003: 206. ISBN 0-88192-600-0.
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