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Hjørring Kommunes klitplantage, Rubjerg Knude, Nordjylland, Danmark
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Mushroom Observer Image 54734: Hydnellum scrobiculatum (Fr.) P. Karst.
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Mushroom Observer Image 367969: Hydnellum geogenium (Fr.) Banker
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Mushroom Observer Image 126737: Hydnellum caeruleum (Hornem.) P. Karst.
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Mushroom Observer Image 162442: Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch) P. Karst.
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Hydnellum peckii Bank.Devil's Tooth, DE: Scharfer KorkstachelingSlo.: Peckova jeevkaDat.: Oct. 9 .2013Lat.: 46.39976 Long.: 13.70130Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8511Picture file names: from Hydnellum-peckii_raw_1 to Hydnellum-peckii_raw_5.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (dry) Soa river bed, south of the last pastures, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever.Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?).Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846.Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.
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Hydnellum scabrosum (Fr.) E. Larss., K.H. Larss. & Kljalg, syn.: Hydnum scabrosum Fr., Phaeodon scabrosus (Fr.) Henn., Sarcodon scabrosus (Fr.) P. Karst.EN: Bitter tooth, Bitter hedgehog, DE: Gallenstacheling, Gallen BraunsporstachelingSlo.: hrapavi jeevecDat.: Sept. 22. 2019Lat.: 46.360531 Long.: 13.700656 Code: Bot_1256/2019_DSC01055Habitat: mixed broadleaved and conifer wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, growing under Fagus; moderately inclined mountain slope, SE aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 635 m (2.080 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; next to the trail along left bank of Skokar ravine, above the trail leading form Trenta 2b cottage to abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Growing solitary; quite old pileus, pileus diameter about 14 cm; taste bitter, slightly bluish in stipe base. No microscopy done, therefore not a reliable determination. However, due to bluish tint in the stipe, this find differs from similar Sarcodon imbricatus, Sarcodon leucopus and some Bankera species (Ref.:1).Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 234. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 391.(3) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1070.(4) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 217.
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Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6)
www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7)
www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777,
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...
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Hydnellum ferrugineum (Fr.) P. Karst... or a very close species fruiting in pine-needle floor parts of our pine forest. These fungi are very unusual and beautiful with their velvety rust-coloured surface and cranberry-juice-like drops of metabolic liquid. Small twigs and debris are often incorporated in the fruitbody as it grows.
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Hjørring Kommunes klitplantage, Rubjerg Knude, Nordjylland, Danmark
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Mushroom Observer Image 646859: Hydnellum scrobiculatum (Fr.) P. Karst.
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Mushroom Observer Image 567259: Hydnellum geogenium (Fr.) Banker
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Mushroom Observer Image 126738: Hydnellum caeruleum (Hornem.) P. Karst.
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Mushroom Observer Image 248794: Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch) P. Karst.
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Showing the teeth and stem of a widespread fungus known as the Rough Cap Tooth.
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Hedge Hog Mushroom
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Hydnellum scabrosum (Fr.) E. Larss., K.H. Larss. & Kljalg, syn.: Hydnum scabrosum Fr., Phaeodon scabrosus (Fr.) Henn., Sarcodon scabrosus (Fr.) P. Karst.EN: Bitter tooth, Bitter hedgehog, DE: Gallenstacheling, Gallen BraunsporstachelingSlo.: hrapavi jeevecDat.: Sept. 22. 2019Lat.: 46.360531 Long.: 13.700656 Code: Bot_1256/2019_DSC01055Habitat: mixed broadleaved and conifer wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, growing under Fagus; moderately inclined mountain slope, SE aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 635 m (2.080 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; next to the trail along left bank of Skokar ravine, above the trail leading form Trenta 2b cottage to abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Growing solitary; quite old pileus, pileus diameter about 14 cm; taste bitter, slightly bluish in stipe base. No microscopy done, therefore not a reliable determination. However, due to bluish tint in the stipe, this find differs from similar Sarcodon imbricatus, Sarcodon leucopus and some Bankera species (Ref.:1).Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 234. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 391.(3) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 2., Princeton University Press (2019), p 1070.(4) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 217.
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Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6)
www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7)
www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777,
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...
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Hydnellum ferrugineumDevil's Tooth, Roetlicher KorkstachelingSlo.: rjasti lepozobDate: October 02. 2009Lat.: 46.39941 Long.: 13.7013Code: Bot_387/2009-5467Habitat: Mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among roots of an old Picea abiesPlace: West side of Zadnja Trenta valley, south of ex Fjori farm house, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Taste unpleasant, bitter and somewhat sharp, however not burning.Ref.:
www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=100986G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p300
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Hjørring Kommunes klitplantage, Rubjerg Knude, Nordjylland, Danmark
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Mushroom Observer Image 77881: Hydnellum scrobiculatum (Fr.) P. Karst.