Hydnellum-concrescens_7

Description :

Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7) www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...