Selenopidae

Figures 59–64.Copulatory organs of Karaops deserticola sp. n., holotype female from Mount Lindsay, South Australia, Australia (SAM N199350) (59–60), and Karaops ngarutjaranya sp. n., male holotype from northeast of Mount Woodroffe, South Australia, Australia (SAM NN10914) (61–62), female paratype from southeast of Womikata Bore Homeland, South Australia, Australia (SAM NN10915) (63–64), 59, 63 epigyne, ventral view 60, 64 spermathecae, dorsal view. 61 male pedipalp, ventral view 62 male pedipalp, retrolateral view.Scale bar: 0.25 mm (59–60), 0.50 mm (61–64).

Figures 161–168.Copulatory organs of Selenops phaselus Muma holotype male from Kenskoff, Haiti (MCZ) 161–162 female from 26 km north of Cabo Rojo, Sierra de Baoruco, Pedernales, Dominican Republic (EME sel_159) (163–164 Selenops morro sp. n. holotype female from El Morro, Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic (EME sel_614) 165–166 male from El Morro, Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic (EME sel_582) 167–168, 161, 167 left pedipalp, ventral view 162, 168 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 163, 165 epigyne, ventral view 164, 166 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.

Map 9.Central Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops pilkingtoni sp. n. (white square), Karaops ngarutjaranya sp. n. (white circles), Karaops deserticola sp. n. (white star).

Figures 169–176.Copulatory organs of Selenops simius Muma male holotype from Bimini Island, Bahamas (AMNH) 169–170 female from Bimini Island, Bahamas (AMNH) 171–172 Selenops submaculosus Bryant female holotype from Sierra de Casas, Isla de Piños, Cuba (MCZ) 173–174 male from Soledad, Cuba (MCZ) 175–176, 169, 175 left pedipalp, ventral view 170–176 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 171, 173 epigyne, ventral view 172, 174 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.

Figures 59–64.Copulatory organs of Karaops deserticola sp. n., holotype female from Mount Lindsay, South Australia, Australia (SAM N199350) (59–60), and Karaops ngarutjaranya sp. n., male holotype from northeast of Mount Woodroffe, South Australia, Australia (SAM NN10914) (61–62), female paratype from southeast of Womikata Bore Homeland, South Australia, Australia (SAM NN10915) (63–64), 59, 63 epigyne, ventral view 60, 64 spermathecae, dorsal view. 61 male pedipalp, ventral view 62 male pedipalp, retrolateral view.Scale bar: 0.25 mm (59–60), 0.50 mm (61–64).

Figures 201–206.Habitats and natural history of some Selenops species. 201 Dry thornscrub and rocky wash where Selenops bifurcatus Banks was extremely common, Zacatan, Guatemala 202 Pine/fern habitat, Abaco, Bahamas where Selenops aissus Walckenaer can be found 203 Dry forest habitat around Laguna Oviedo, Pedernales, Dominican Republic. The species Selenops oviedo sp. n. can be found underneath the rocks 204 Thornscrub habitat, Shirley's Heights Lookout, Antigua, where Selenops kalinago sp. n. can be found under bark 205 Blowing Point, Anguilla, where Selenops souliga sp. n. can be found under limestone rocks in the thornscrub habitat 206 Coastal thornscrub habitat, El Morro, Dominican Republic. Selenops insularis Keyserling can be found under the bark of trees, while Selenops morro sp. n. is more common under rocks.

Map 9.Central Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops pilkingtoni sp. n. (white square), Karaops ngarutjaranya sp. n. (white circles), Karaops deserticola sp. n. (white star).

Map 13.Map of Hispaniola (inset) showing the distribution of endemic Selenops species, Selenops marcanoi Alayón-García (white circles), Selenops bocacanadensis sp. n. (black circles), Selenops oviedo sp. n. (white squares), Selenops duan sp. n. (black square), Selenops denia sp. n. (white triangles), Selenops guerrero sp. n. (black triangle), Selenops bani Alayón-García (white Xs), Selenops pensilis Muma (white hexagons), Selenops enriquillo sp. n. (black hexagons), Selenops phaselus Muma (white stars), and Selenops morro sp. n. (black star).

Figures 65–72.Copulatory organs of Karaops francesae sp. n., male holotype from northeast of slope of West Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T54996) (65–66), female paratype from east Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T54994) (67–68) and Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., female holotype from Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T76592) (69–70), male paratype from Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T62231) (71–72), 65, 71 male pedipalp, ventral view 66, 72 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 67, 69 epigyne, ventral view 68, 70 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.50 mm.

Figures 45–52.Copulatory organs of Selenops makimaki sp. n. holotype female from 21 km west of Rizo de Oro, along ridge, southeast of Cerro El Bejucal, near Chiapas border, Oaxaca, México (CAS) 45–46 Selenops scitus Muma holotype female from Mexcala, Guerrero, México (AMNH) 47–48 male from 22 miles west of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, México (CAS) 49–50, Selenops ixchel sp. n. holotype female from Cozumel, Quintana Roo, México (CAS) 51–52, 45, 47, 51 epigyne, ventral view 46, 48, 52 spermathecae, dorsal view 49 left pedipalp, ventral view 50 left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.

Figures 91–95.Karaops spp. in situ. 91 Karaops raveni sp. n., on tree at dusk, Skillion Nature Reserve, New South Wales 92 Karaops badgeraddasp. n., on turned rock, Badgeradda Range, Muggon Station, Western Australia 93 Karaops martamarta sp. n., showing red coloration, from Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia 94 Karaops francesae sp. n., female guarding eggsac, Cape Arid, Western Australia 95 Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., on turned rock from scree slope, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges, Western Australia.

Map 5.Map of México and Guatemala (inset) showing the distribution of several Selenops species in the region. Selenops aztecus Valdez-Mondragón (white circle), Selenops gracilis Muma (black circles), Selenops malinalxochitl sp. n. (black squares), Selenops abyssus Muma (white squares), Selenops juxtlahuaca Valdez-Mondragón (white triangle), Selenops marginalis F.O. Pickard-Cambridge(white X), Selenops minutus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge (black triangle), Selenops morosus Banks (black Xs), Selenops nigromaculatus Keyserling (black hexagon), Selenops makimaki sp. n. (grey hexagon), Selenops scitus Muma (black stars), Selenops ixchel sp. n. (white star), Selenops petenajtoy sp. n. (white diamond), Selenops lepidus Muma (black diamond), Selenops chamela sp. n. (grey circle), Selenops huetocatl sp. n. (grey squares). US = United States, Mex = México, Gu = Guatemala, ES = El Salvador, H = Honduras, N = Nicaragua.

Figure 96–102.Habitats of Karaops species. 96 Macleay River, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops manaayn sp. n. and Karaops raveni sp. n., both collected under the bark of trees above the river 97 Scree slope in the Tinderry Ranges, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops raveni sp. n., collected from beneath the rocks 98 Badgeradda Range, near Muggon Station, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops badgeradda sp. n., collected from under loose rocks 99 Near Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops martamarta sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks. These spiders are a very red color, as the color of the substrate 100 Cape Arid, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops francesae sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks on granite outcrop 101 Scree slope on Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National park, habitat of Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., collected from beneath rocks on scree slope 102 Forest at Kapalga, near South Alligator River, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, habitat of Karaops dawara sp. n., collected from beneath bark.

Figures 45–52.Copulatory organs of Selenops makimaki sp. n. holotype female from 21 km west of Rizo de Oro, along ridge, southeast of Cerro El Bejucal, near Chiapas border, Oaxaca, México (CAS) 45–46 Selenops scitus Muma holotype female from Mexcala, Guerrero, México (AMNH) 47–48 male from 22 miles west of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, México (CAS) 49–50, Selenops ixchel sp. n. holotype female from Cozumel, Quintana Roo, México (CAS) 51–52, 45, 47, 51 epigyne, ventral view 46, 48, 52 spermathecae, dorsal view 49 left pedipalp, ventral view 50 left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.

Map 6.The southwest coast of Western Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops francesae sp. n. (white circles), Karaops toolbrunup sp. n. (white star), Karaops jarrit sp. n.(white triangles), and Karaops ellenae sp. n.(white squares).

Map 5.Map of México and Guatemala (inset) showing the distribution of several Selenops species in the region. Selenops aztecus Valdez-Mondragón (white circle), Selenops gracilis Muma (black circles), Selenops malinalxochitl sp. n. (black squares), Selenops abyssus Muma (white squares), Selenops juxtlahuaca Valdez-Mondragón (white triangle), Selenops marginalis F.O. Pickard-Cambridge(white X), Selenops minutus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge (black triangle), Selenops morosus Banks (black Xs), Selenops nigromaculatus Keyserling (black hexagon), Selenops makimaki sp. n. (grey hexagon), Selenops scitus Muma (black stars), Selenops ixchel sp. n. (white star), Selenops petenajtoy sp. n. (white diamond), Selenops lepidus Muma (black diamond), Selenops chamela sp. n. (grey circle), Selenops huetocatl sp. n. (grey squares). US = United States, Mex = México, Gu = Guatemala, ES = El Salvador, H = Honduras, N = Nicaragua.

Figures 65–72.Copulatory organs of Karaops francesae sp. n., male holotype from northeast of slope of West Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T54996) (65–66), female paratype from east Mount Barren, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T54994) (67–68) and Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., female holotype from Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T76592) (69–70), male paratype from Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T62231) (71–72), 65, 71 male pedipalp, ventral view 66, 72 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 67, 69 epigyne, ventral view 68, 70 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.50 mm.

Figures 69–76.Copulatory organs of Selenops lepidus Muma holotype male from Manzanillo, Colima, México (AMNH) 69–70 female from San Blas, Nayarit, México (AMNH) 71–72 Selenops chamela sp. n. holotype female from Chamela, Jalisco, México (AMNH) 73–74 Selenops petenajtoy sp. n. holotype male from Cueva Aktun Kan, Colonia del Bosque, Santa Elena de la Cruz, Petén, Guatemala (EME sel_867) 75–76, 69, 75 left pedipalp, ventral view 70, 76 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 71, 73 epigyne, ventral view 72, 74 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.

Figures 91–95.Karaops spp. in situ. 91 Karaops raveni sp. n., on tree at dusk, Skillion Nature Reserve, New South Wales 92 Karaops badgeraddasp. n., on turned rock, Badgeradda Range, Muggon Station, Western Australia 93 Karaops martamarta sp. n., showing red coloration, from Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia 94 Karaops francesae sp. n., female guarding eggsac, Cape Arid, Western Australia 95 Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., on turned rock from scree slope, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges, Western Australia.

Map 5.Map of México and Guatemala (inset) showing the distribution of several Selenops species in the region. Selenops aztecus Valdez-Mondragón (white circle), Selenops gracilis Muma (black circles), Selenops malinalxochitl sp. n. (black squares), Selenops abyssus Muma (white squares), Selenops juxtlahuaca Valdez-Mondragón (white triangle), Selenops marginalis F.O. Pickard-Cambridge(white X), Selenops minutus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge (black triangle), Selenops morosus Banks (black Xs), Selenops nigromaculatus Keyserling (black hexagon), Selenops makimaki sp. n. (grey hexagon), Selenops scitus Muma (black stars), Selenops ixchel sp. n. (white star), Selenops petenajtoy sp. n. (white diamond), Selenops lepidus Muma (black diamond), Selenops chamela sp. n. (grey circle), Selenops huetocatl sp. n. (grey squares). US = United States, Mex = México, Gu = Guatemala, ES = El Salvador, H = Honduras, N = Nicaragua.

Map 6.The southwest coast of Western Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops francesae sp. n. (white circles), Karaops toolbrunup sp. n. (white star), Karaops jarrit sp. n.(white triangles), and Karaops ellenae sp. n.(white squares).

Figures 69–76.Copulatory organs of Selenops lepidus Muma holotype male from Manzanillo, Colima, México (AMNH) 69–70 female from San Blas, Nayarit, México (AMNH) 71–72 Selenops chamela sp. n. holotype female from Chamela, Jalisco, México (AMNH) 73–74 Selenops petenajtoy sp. n. holotype male from Cueva Aktun Kan, Colonia del Bosque, Santa Elena de la Cruz, Petén, Guatemala (EME sel_867) 75–76, 69, 75 left pedipalp, ventral view 70, 76 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 71, 73 epigyne, ventral view 72, 74 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.

Figures 73–80.Copulatory organs of Karaops ellenae sp. n., male holotype from Mount Cooke, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T93/1366) (73–74), female paratype from Mount Cooke, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T93/1359) (75–76), Karaops jenniferae sp. n., female holotype from Oscar Range, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T65078) (77–78), and Karaops dawara sp. n., female holotype from Kakadu National Park, Kapalga, Northern Territory, Australia (WAM T54998) (79–80), 73 male pedipalp, ventral view 74 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 75, 77, 79 epigyne, ventral view 76, 78, 80 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.50 mm.

Map 5.Map of México and Guatemala (inset) showing the distribution of several Selenops species in the region. Selenops aztecus Valdez-Mondragón (white circle), Selenops gracilis Muma (black circles), Selenops malinalxochitl sp. n. (black squares), Selenops abyssus Muma (white squares), Selenops juxtlahuaca Valdez-Mondragón (white triangle), Selenops marginalis F.O. Pickard-Cambridge(white X), Selenops minutus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge (black triangle), Selenops morosus Banks (black Xs), Selenops nigromaculatus Keyserling (black hexagon), Selenops makimaki sp. n. (grey hexagon), Selenops scitus Muma (black stars), Selenops ixchel sp. n. (white star), Selenops petenajtoy sp. n. (white diamond), Selenops lepidus Muma (black diamond), Selenops chamela sp. n. (grey circle), Selenops huetocatl sp. n. (grey squares). US = United States, Mex = México, Gu = Guatemala, ES = El Salvador, H = Honduras, N = Nicaragua.