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Biology ( anglais )

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The Lulworth skipper is single-brooded; adults fly between late June and late September, and eggs are laid in small groups in flower sheaths of tall patches of tor-grass. After hatching three weeks later, the larvae spin a cocoon in which to hibernate. They emerge the following spring and create tubes in which to live by spinning the leaf together. Pupation occurs amongst the clumps of tor-grass (2).
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Conservation ( anglais )

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Scrub removal has benefited the species in some localities, and many sites are ungrazed (4). However, research has indicated that some grazing may actually benefit this butterfly, as nectar-source flowers will be encouraged, but grazing in spring and summer when the larvae tend to be located at high points on vegetation is detrimental. Maintaining the longer sward needed by this species conflicts with conservation management for other butterfly species such as the Adonis blue butterfly (Lysandra bellargus); conservation measures will therefore need to manage different parts of an area for different species, with the Lulworth skipper becoming a priority in the existing key areas (3).
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Description ( anglais )

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The Lulworth skipper is one of our smallest butterflies (3). Males are orange-brown with light spots and a black band on the forewings. Females are darker in colour than males and do not have this dark band. The underside of both sexes is orange-brown with no markings or spots (1). The caterpillar reaches 2.4 centimetres in length, has a green body with a darker green, yellow-bordered line along the back and pale yellow lines along the sides (2).
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Habitat ( anglais )

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The Lulworth skipper inhabits sheltered or south-facing slopes in unimproved calcareous grasslands, such as chalk downland and coastal grasslands (3). Tall clumps of the sole foodplant tor-grass (Brachypodium pinnatum) are required (3).
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Range ( anglais )

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Found in some areas of south and central Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa. In Britain the Lulworth skipper is largely restricted to coastal areas of south Dorset, centred on the village of Lulworth, colonies are also known from the Isle of Portland and west Dorset (3).
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Status ( anglais )

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Protected in Britain with respect to sale only under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (4).
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Threats ( anglais )

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The Lulworth skipper was once found in Devon. Apart from the loss of the species in this area, its range has stayed relatively stable. Its habitats in Britain have not been destroyed, largely because the slopes on which the species occurs are too steep to be ploughed or occur in military training areas. During the twentieth century, the levels of grazing in areas inhabited by this skipper have decreased; the foodplant has been able to grow to the taller heights that suit this species as a result. Small declines in the Lulworth skipper have occurred in some areas due to an increase in grazing (4).
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Associations ( anglais )

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Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid
larva of Phryxe vulgaris is endoparasitoid of larva of Thymelicus acteon

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Gwibiwr Lulworth ( gallois )

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Glöyn byw sy'n perthyn i urdd y Lepidoptera yw gwibiwr Lulworth, sy'n enw gwrywaidd; yr enw lluosog ydy gwibwyr Lulworth; yr enw Saesneg yw Lulworth Skipper, a'r enw gwyddonol yw Thymelicus acteon.[1][2]

Cafodd ei gofnodi gyntaf ym Mhrydain yn 1832 gan y naturiaethwr James Charles Dale ger Lulworth Cove, Dorset. Mae hyd ei adenydd rhwng 24–28 mm ac mae'r fenyw'n fwy na'r gwryw.

Dau löyn, ochr yn ochr.
Benyw (chwith) a gwryw (dde).

Mae'r math sy'n byw yn Affrica ychydig yn dywyllach eu lliw.[3]

Gwledydd Prydain

Dim ond yn Swydd Dorset mae i'w ganfod yma, a hynny ar yr arfordir.[4] Credir eu bont yn llewyrchu yma'n well nag mae nhw wedi'i wneud ers eu cofnodi gyntaf yn 1832.

Cyffredinol

Gellir dosbarthu'r pryfaid (neu'r Insecta) sy'n perthyn i'r Urdd a elwir yn Lepidoptera yn ddwy ran: y gloynnod byw a'r gwyfynod. Mae'r dosbarthiad hwn yn cynnwys mwy na 180,000 o rywogaethau mewn tua 128 o deuluoedd.

Wedi deor o'i ŵy mae gwibiwr Lulworth yn lindysyn sy'n bwyta llawer o ddail, ac wedyn mae'n troi i fod yn chwiler. Daw allan o'r chwiler ar ôl rhai wythnosau. Mae pedwar cyfnod yng nghylchred bywyd glöynnod byw a gwyfynod: ŵy, lindysyn, chwiler ac oedolyn.

Gweler hefyd

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Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru. Cyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru. Adalwyd ar 29 Chwefror 2012.
  2. Geiriadur enwau a thermau ar Wefan Llên Natur. Adalwyd 13/12/2012.
  3. Tolman, Tom (1997). Butterflies of Britain & Europe. HarperCollinsPublishers. p. 320. ISBN 0-00-219992-0. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. Moss, Stephen (2008-08-26). "On the trail of one of Britain's rarest butterflies". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2008/aug/26/wildlife.conservation. Adalwyd 2009-07-01.
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Gwibiwr Lulworth: Brief Summary ( gallois )

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Glöyn byw sy'n perthyn i urdd y Lepidoptera yw gwibiwr Lulworth, sy'n enw gwrywaidd; yr enw lluosog ydy gwibwyr Lulworth; yr enw Saesneg yw Lulworth Skipper, a'r enw gwyddonol yw Thymelicus acteon.

Cafodd ei gofnodi gyntaf ym Mhrydain yn 1832 gan y naturiaethwr James Charles Dale ger Lulworth Cove, Dorset. Mae hyd ei adenydd rhwng 24–28 mm ac mae'r fenyw'n fwy na'r gwryw.

Dau löyn, ochr yn ochr. Benyw (chwith) a gwryw (dde).

Mae'r math sy'n byw yn Affrica ychydig yn dywyllach eu lliw.

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Mattscheckiger Braun-Dickkopffalter ( allemand )

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Unterseite des Mattscheckigen Braun-Dickkopffalters

Der Mattscheckige Braun-Dickkopffalter (Thymelicus acteon) ist ein Schmetterling aus der Familie der Dickkopffalter (Hesperiidae).

Merkmale

Die Falter erreichen eine Flügelspannweite von 24 bis 28 Millimetern, wobei die Weibchen etwas größer als die Männchen sind. Ihre Flügeloberseiten sind orangebraun gefärbt, der Außenrand ist dunkel und hat einen hellen Saum. Man kann eine gebogene Reihe kleiner hellgelblicher Flecken in der Postdiskalregion erkennen, die bei den Männchen undeutlich, bei den Weibchen kräftig ausgebildet sind. Die Männchen besitzen schwarze, strichförmige Duftschuppenflecke.

Die Raupen erreichen eine Länge von bis zu 24 Millimetern. Der Raupenkörper verjüngt sich an beiden Enden und ist grün gefärbt. Auf dem Rücken befindet sich eine dunkelgrüne, blass gerandete Linie, die von einer blassen grünlich gelben Linie flankiert wird. Die Stigmatallinie ist ebenfalls grünlich gelb; unter dieser befindet sich ein gelblich weißes Band. Der Raupenkopf ist groß und grünlichbraun.[1]

Ähnliche Arten

Verbreitung

Die Art ist im gesamten Mittelmeerraum, außer auf einigen Inseln wie Korsika und Sardinien[2] und in Nordafrika, östlich über Kleinasien bis in den Irak verbreitet. Im Norden erreicht sie Südengland (nur in der Umgebung von Lulworth, daher der englische Name „Lulworth Skipper“) und Norddeutschland. Sie fliegen bis in eine Höhe von etwa 1.600 Metern, in Nordafrika auch bis 1.800 Meter. Obwohl sie in ganz Mitteleuropa weit verbreitet sind, kommen die Tiere meist nur lokal vor, dann aber häufig in großer Zahl. Sie leben an heißen und trockenen, blütenreichen und grasbewachsenen Orten, vor allem zwischen Büschen. Im Süden Englands leben sie in grasbewachsenen Karstgebieten.[3]

Lebensweise

Wie alle Dickkopffalter sind die Tiere eifrige Blütenbesucher und vorwiegend auf violetten Blüten, wie z. B. Flockenblumen, Hauhecheln und Skabiosen zu finden.[4] Sie fliegen sehr schnell in nur geringer Höhe. Sie leben etwa zwei bis drei Wochen.

Flug- und Raupenzeiten

Die Falter fliegen in einer Generation von Juli bis August, die Raupen findet man von September bis in den Juni des nächsten Jahres.[5]

Nahrung der Raupen

Die Raupen ernähren sich von breitblättrigen Gräsern, wie z. B. von

Entwicklung

Die Weibchen legen ihre Eier meist in Reihen von etwa fünf bis sechs, maximal 15 Stück in den Blattscheiden, auf der Blattunterseite der Futterpflanzen ab. Diese sind vorzugsweise groß gewachsen. Die Raupen schlüpfen im September und spinnen sich gleich danach in einem Kokon ein, in dem sie überwintern. Sie beginnen ihre Entwicklung erst im darauffolgenden Frühling etwa im April. Sie sind nachtaktiv und leben zwischen den zusammengesponnenen Kanten eines Grashalmes. Die Verpuppung findet in einer grünen Gürtelpuppe in einem lockeren Gespinst im Gras statt.[4]

Nahrung der Falter

Die Falter wurden bei der Nektarsuche u. a. an folgenden Pflanzen beobachtet:

Gefährdung und Schutz

Die Populationen des Mattscheckigen Braun-Dickkopffalters sind u. a. durch Flurbereinigungen, Herbizideinsatz und Mulchen bedroht. Dem schonenden Umgang mit den Nektarhabitaten kommt eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Thymelicus acteon wird in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der Bundesrepublik als gefährdet (Stufe 3) eingeordnet.[6]

Quellen

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b David J. Carter, Brian Hargreaves: Raupen und Schmetterlinge Europas und ihre Futterpflanzen. Blackwell Wissenschaftsverlag 1987, ISBN 3-826-38139-4
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k l m Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Württembergs Band 2, Tagfalter II (Augenfalter (Satyridae), Bläulinge (Lycaenidae), Dickkopffalter (Hesperiidae)), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3459-4
  3. a b c d e Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: Die Tagfalter Europas und Nordwestafrikas, S. 269f, Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7
  4. a b Hans-Josef Weidemann: Tagfalter: beobachten, bestimmen, S. 616f, Naturbuch-Verlag Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-894-40115-X
  5. Manfred Koch: Wir bestimmen Schmetterlinge. Band 1: Tagfalter. 4., erweiterte Auflage. Neumann, Radebeul/Berlin 1966, , S. 120f.
  6. Bundesamt für Naturschutz (Hrsg.): Rote Liste gefährdeter Tiere Deutschlands. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 978-3-896-24110-8

Weblinks

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Mattscheckiger Braun-Dickkopffalter: Brief Summary ( allemand )

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Der Mattscheckige Braun-Dickkopffalter (Thymelicus acteon) ist ein Schmetterling aus der Familie der Dickkopffalter (Hesperiidae).

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Dwerchgroukopke ( frison occidental )

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It Dwerchgroukopke (Thymelicus acteon) is in soarte yn it skaai fan de Lytse Groukopkes (Thymelicus).

Foarkommen

De flinter hâldt fan drûge skrale greiden, foaral fan kalkgreiden. De flinter is nei 1981 net wer in Nederlân sjoen.

Op de reade list stiet de flinter as ferdwûn út Nederlân.

Flinter

It Dwerchgroukopke is yndie mar in lytse flinter; de wjuklingte is 10 oant 13 mm. Hy is ljochtbrún sûnder tekening op de boppekant fan de wjukken. De mantsjes hawwe in swarte geurstreek op de foarwjukken.

Fleantiid

De flinter fljocht fan heal july oant begjin septimber. It Dwerchgroukopke fljocht altyd yn ien generaasje.

Rûp

De rûp kin 25 mm lang wurde. It liif is grien. Ek de kop is grien mar mei twa gielwite fegen. De rûp oerwinteret as in healwaaks rûp, yn in lyts kokontsje yn in gersstâle.

De rûp fret gerzen, foaral Finnige Koartstâle.

Sjoch ek

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Dwerchgroukopke: Brief Summary ( frison occidental )

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It Dwerchgroukopke (Thymelicus acteon) is in soarte yn it skaai fan de Lytse Groukopkes (Thymelicus).

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Lulworth skipper ( anglais )

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The Lulworth skipper (Thymelicus acteon) is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. Its name is derived from Lulworth Cove in the county of Dorset, England, where the first specimens in Great Britain were collected in 1832 by English naturalist James Charles Dale.

The species occurs locally across Central Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa, where its population is considered stable. Its numbers have declined in Northern Europe, leading to its European status of "vulnerable".[1] Its range in Britain is restricted to the south coast of Dorset, however it is locally abundant and its numbers currently are perhaps at their greatest since its discovery there.[2]

With a wingspan of 24 to 28 millimetres, females being larger than males, the Lulworth skipper is a small butterfly, the smallest member of the genus Thymelicus in Europe and among the smallest butterflies in Britain. Aside from the size difference, the sexes are distinguished by females having a distinct circle of golden marks on each forewing. Due to their likeness to the rays around the eye of a peacock's feather, these are often known as "sun-ray" markings, and they can faintly appear on males.

Taxonomy

The Lulworth skipper was first described by German entomologist S. A. von Rottemburg in 1775.[3] The butterfly was first discovered in Britain on 15 August 1832, when specimens were taken from Lulworth Cove in Dorset by English naturalist James Charles Dale.[3] It was introduced the following year as the Lulworth skipper (Thymelicus acteon), a name that has remained unchanged; it is the only one of Britain's vernacular butterfly names for which there has never been a proposed substitute.[3][4]

Description

The male Lulworth skipper has a wingspan of 24 to 27 millimetres (0.94 to 1.06 in), and the female 25 to 28 mm. This makes it one of Britain's smallest butterflies and, in Europe, the smallest member of the Thymelicus genus.[5] Of Britain's five "golden" skippers—the others being the silver-spotted skipper (Hesperia comma), large skipper (Ochlodes sylvanus), small skipper (Thymelicus sylvestris) and Essex skipper (Thymelicus lineola)—the Lulworth is both the smallest and darkest.[2] Beyond its small size, it is distinguished particularly by its dark, dun-coloured wings that appear with tinges of olive-brown; this darkening especially apparent in males.[6]

Variations are known to occur; in north-west Africa, the uppersides of the forewing and hindwing are darker, with hints of greenish or greyish brown.[7] Similarly-coloured races occur in Spain, Elba, Crete, and other eastern Mediterranean islands. T. acteon christi, endemic to the Canary Islands, displays colour variations, with the uppersides of the forewing showing defined yellow–orange markings.

The butterfly is sexually dimorphic;[3] females have a distinct circle of golden marks on each forewing, often called "sun-ray" markings due to their likeness to the rays around the eye of a peacock's feather.[6] Males sometimes have these markings, though they are noticeably fainter (see Illustration 1).

Distribution and habitat

The Lulworth skipper is found locally across southern and central Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa,[1] where its population is considered stable. In northern Europe, its numbers and range have severely declined, most notably in the Netherlands where it is now extinct. This decline has led to the butterfly's European status of "vulnerable".[1] Isolated populations of the species in Armenia are also threatened, although not yet included in the National Red List.[8] It is also listed as threatened under the United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan.[9]

In Great Britain, where the butterfly reaches the northern limit of its range, its distribution is restricted to the southern coastline of the county of Dorset.[10][11] Here, both the population and range have changed little in recent decades; it is locally abundant, with the majority of colonies found on the coast between Weymouth and Swanage and on the Purbeck Ridge, a line of inland chalk hills. Two outlying colonies also exist, at Burton Bradstock and on the Isle of Portland; the cause of the colony on Portland is unknown, but has been put down to either natural colonisation or released specimens.[b] There is evidence to suggest that the Lulworth skipper is now more abundant in Dorset than at any other time since its discovery in 1832.[2]

Although colonies of Lulworth skippers existed in Devon, the species has, beyond single records, not be seen in the county since the 1930s. Similarly, records of occurrences exist for Cornwall, but they have not been verified as native colonies.[7][12]

Habitats are primarily on unfertilised calcareous grassland; this includes chalk download, coastal grassland and undercliffs in Britain. In all of these habits Tor-grass (Illustration 2), the butterfly's sole food plant and that on which it lays eggs,[13] is widespread. Tall, ungrazed grass is a favoured habitat due to oviposition and larval development; Lulworth skippers have benefited from the move away from tight grazing by sheep in the last century and recently outbreaks of myxomatosis among rabbit populations, which otherwise maintain a lower grass height.[2][3][12] However, there is evidence to suggest that minimal grazing is not detrimental to the species, and may in fact be beneficial in that it encourages the growth of flowers that act as adult nectar sources.[6]

Behaviour

Life cycle

The females lay their eggs in rows of 5 to 6 (although as many as 15 have been recorded[2]) on the flower-sheath of Tor-grass (Brachypodium pinnatum), preferring the dead sheaths of tall plants.[14] The care taken by females over where to lay their eggs is considered the only remarkable part of the Lulworth skipper breeding process, otherwise it is considered common.

Figs 2, 2a larvae after last moult 2b, 2c pupa

Upon hatching, the 2.5 cm (1 in) long larva spins a compact cocoon on the site of the eggshell.[2] In this, it will overwinter until around the third week of April,[14] at which point it will eat its way out by making a small hole in the side of the sheath.[2] The caterpillar will then search for tender Tor-grass blades and feed upon them by chewing out notches from the margin. During this time, it will live separately, within a tube composed of the two edges of a blade bound by cords of silk.[2] Fresh tubes will be made as the caterpillar grows larger.[14] Lulworth skipper caterpillars live in the warmest zone of a grass clump, at a height of 20 to 40 centimetres (8 to 16 in).[2]

The pupal stage lasts for about two weeks, from the beginning of June onwards, until late July.[14] It is formed inside a loose "nest" of silk and grass that is spun deep inside a tussock of tor grass. Imago begin to emerge in the early middle of July and finish emerging in the middle of September. Typically, they will live for five to ten days—the normal lifespan for a non-hibernating butterfly of the Lulworth's seasonal stage. They fly only in strong sunshine and tend to form discrete colonies,[2] with the largest containing up to 100,000 individuals.[6][12]

A graph illustrating the life cycle of the Lulworth skipper in Great Britain; in other parts of the world, the life cycle varies, with adults usually emerging earlier in the season.[2][14]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^Lulworth skipper adults rarely stray from their favoured breeding areas and are considered poor migrants.[2][6] This is demonstrated by other regions of Britain, containing tor-grass in abundance, where there are no recorded colonies. Any migration to and natural colonisation of Portland would have meant travel across open water, casting further doubt upon the idea. Dispersal must occur, however, as sites such as restored grassland at Durlston and the area between Burton Bradstock and Weymouth have been colonised.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Lulworth Skipper". Butterfly Conservation. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Thomas, Jeremy; Richard Lewington (1991). The Butterflies of Britain and Ireland. Dorling Kindersley. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-86318-591-5.
  3. ^ a b c d e Emmet, A Maitland; John Heath; D S Fletcher; E C Pelham-Clinton; G S Robinson; B Skinner; W G Tremewan (1990). The Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Harley Books. p. 370. ISBN 978-0-946589-37-1.
  4. ^ Moss, Stephen (21 July 2009). "My quest for the elusive Lulworth skipper: take two". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  5. ^ Lafranchis, Tristan (2004). Butterflies of Europe. Diatheo. p. 351. ISBN 978-2-9521620-0-5.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Asher, Jim; Martin Warren; Richard Fox; Paul Harding; Gail Jeffcoate; Stephen Jeffcoate (2000). The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. pp. 64–67. ISBN 978-0198505655.
  7. ^ a b Tolman, Tom (1997). Butterflies of Britain & Europe. HarperCollinsPublishers. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-00-219992-6.
  8. ^ "Thymelicus acteon". Butterfly Conservation Armenia. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  9. ^ "UK Priority Species data collation, Thymelicus actaeon" (PDF). Joint Nature Conservation Committee. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  10. ^ Moss, Stephen (26 August 2008). "On the trail of one of Britain's rarest butterflies". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  11. ^ McCarthy, Michael (25 July 2009). "A billion painted lady butterflies make for a record summer". The Independent. London. Retrieved 10 August 2009. Dorset's own butterfly, the tiny Lulworth skipper – found nowhere else in Britain – we trekked up on to the downs above the eponymous Cove
  12. ^ a b c "Species Action Plan: Lulworth Skipper (Thymelicus acteon)" (PDF). Butterfly Conservation. 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  13. ^ "Foodplants". UKButterflies. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  14. ^ a b c d e "Lulworth Skipper". UK Butterflies. Retrieved 1 July 2009.

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Lulworth skipper: Brief Summary ( anglais )

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The Lulworth skipper (Thymelicus acteon) is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. Its name is derived from Lulworth Cove in the county of Dorset, England, where the first specimens in Great Britain were collected in 1832 by English naturalist James Charles Dale.

The species occurs locally across Central Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa, where its population is considered stable. Its numbers have declined in Northern Europe, leading to its European status of "vulnerable". Its range in Britain is restricted to the south coast of Dorset, however it is locally abundant and its numbers currently are perhaps at their greatest since its discovery there.

With a wingspan of 24 to 28 millimetres, females being larger than males, the Lulworth skipper is a small butterfly, the smallest member of the genus Thymelicus in Europe and among the smallest butterflies in Britain. Aside from the size difference, the sexes are distinguished by females having a distinct circle of golden marks on each forewing. Due to their likeness to the rays around the eye of a peacock's feather, these are often known as "sun-ray" markings, and they can faintly appear on males.

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Hespérie du chiendent

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Thymelicus acteon

L’Hespérie du chiendent ou Actéon (Thymelicus acteon) est un lépidoptère (papillon) de la famille des Hesperiidae, de la sous-famille des Hesperiinae et du genre Thymelicus.

Dénomination

Thymelicus acteon a été décrit par S. A. von Rottemburg en 1775 sous le nom de Papilio acteon[1].

Synonymes : Thymelicus acteon acteon (Rottemburg, 1775); Thymelicus heydeni Plötz, 1884[2].

Noms vernaculaires

L'Hespérie du chiendent ou Actéon se nomme Lullworth Skipper en anglais, Mattscheckiger Braun-Dickkopffalter en allemand, Dorada oscura en espagnol et Sari lekeli zıpzıp en turc[1],[3].

Sous-espèces

  • Thymelicus acteon christi aux Canaries[4]. Certains ouvrages la considère comme une espèce à part entière[5].
  • Thymelicus acteon orana au Maroc, en Algérie et en Tunisie[1].

Description

C'est un petit papillon d'une envergure de 22 mm à 26 mm au dessus des ailes marron orangé à marron suivant les lieux de résidence avec aux antérieures chez le mâle une ligne androconiale longue et fine[4],[6].

Le revers est d'une couleur plus claire, beige jaune.

Chenille

La chenille est de couleur vert pâle ornée d'une ligne foncée[7].

Biologie

Période de vol et hibernation

L'Hespérie du chiendent vole en une seule génération de début mai à août, mais la sous-espèce Thymelicus acteon christi présente aux Canaries, aurait deux ou trois générations.

Elle hiverne au stade de chenille[4].

Plantes hôtes

Les plantes hôtes de sa chenille sont de nombreuses poacées, Agropyron dont Agropyron repens, Brachypodium dont (Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum), Bromus, Calamagrostis epigejos, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Poa annua[1],[4].

Écologie et distribution

L'Hespérie du chiendent réside dans toute l'Europe jusqu'au 54°N, aux îles Canaries, en Afrique du Nord, au Liban et en Asie Mineure[1],[4].

L'Hespérie du chiendent est présente dans presque toute la France métropolitaine. Elle est absente de quelques départements dont ceux d'Île-de-France et de Corse [8].

 src=
Carte de répartition de l'Hespérie du chiendent

Biotope

L'Hespérie du chiendent réside dans les milieux herbus fleuris : talus, bords de routes et friches[4].

Protection

Cette espèce figure sur la liste rouge des papillons diurnes du Nord-Pas-de-Calais comme étant en danger critique (CR)[9].

Il existe en France 79 ZNIEFF pour Thymelicus acteon[10].

Notes et références

  1. a b c d et e funet
  2. INPN taxonomie
  3. liste des papillons en Turquie
  4. a b c d e et f Tom Tolman et Richard Lewington (trad. de l'anglais), Guide des papillons d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord, Paris, Delachaux et Niestlé, 1997, 384 p. (ISBN 978-2-603-01649-7)
  5. Tari Haahtela, Kimmo Saarinen, Pekka Ojalainen, Hannu Aarnio et Philippe Jourde, Guide photo des papillons d'Europe, Delachaux et Niestlé, 2017 (réimpr. 2017) (1re éd. 2012) (ISBN 978-2-603-02504-8 et 2-603-02504-X, OCLC , lire en ligne)
  6. butterfly guide
  7. learn about Butterflies
  8. lepinet
  9. GON, « La liste rouge des papillons de jour (Lépidoptères Papilionoidea) du Nord – Pas-de-Calais », 2014 (consulté le 14 novembre 2014)
  10. liste et carte des ZNIEFF pour Thymelicus acteon

Annexes

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Hespérie du chiendent: Brief Summary

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Thymelicus acteon

L’Hespérie du chiendent ou Actéon (Thymelicus acteon) est un lépidoptère (papillon) de la famille des Hesperiidae, de la sous-famille des Hesperiinae et du genre Thymelicus.

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Dwergdikkopje ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Insecten

Het dwergdikkopje (Thymelicus acteon) is een dagvlinder uit de familie Hesperiidae, de dikkopjes.

Het dwergdikkopje komt in grote delen van Europa voor. Uit Nederland is de vlinder verdwenen en staat op de Nederlandse Rode lijst dagvlinders. De vlinder geeft de voorkeur aan warme droge graslanden als leefgebied.

De spanwijdte is ongeveer 26 mm en de vleugels zijn bruin van kleur met een lichtbruine tekening die bij het vrouwtje lichter van kleur is.

De vliegtijd is van mei tot en met augustus.

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Dwergdikkopje: Brief Summary ( néerlandais ; flamand )

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Het dwergdikkopje (Thymelicus acteon) is een dagvlinder uit de familie Hesperiidae, de dikkopjes.

Het dwergdikkopje komt in grote delen van Europa voor. Uit Nederland is de vlinder verdwenen en staat op de Nederlandse Rode lijst dagvlinders. De vlinder geeft de voorkeur aan warme droge graslanden als leefgebied.

De spanwijdte is ongeveer 26 mm en de vleugels zijn bruin van kleur met een lichtbruine tekening die bij het vrouwtje lichter van kleur is.

De vliegtijd is van mei tot en met augustus.

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Thymelicus acteon ( Pms )

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Drapò piemontèis.png Vos an lenga piemontèisa Për amprende a dovré 'l sistema dle parlà locaj ch'a varda sì.

Costo capìtol a l'é mach në sboss. Da finì.

Ambient

Na generassion a l'ann da magg a luj.

Distribussion

A vin ant Italia apenìnica fin a la Sicilia, ràira al nòrd, a manca an Sardegna.

Arferiment bibliogràfich për chi a veul fé dj'arserche pì ancreuse

  • Thymelicus acteon Rott.
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Thymelicus acteon: Brief Summary ( Pms )

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Costo capìtol a l'é mach në sboss. Da finì.

Ambient

Na generassion a l'ann da magg a luj.

Distribussion

A vin ant Italia apenìnica fin a la Sicilia, ràira al nòrd, a manca an Sardegna.

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Karłątek akteon ( polonais )

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Karłątek akteon (Thymelicus acteon) – motyl dzienny z rodziny powszelatkowatych.

Wygląd

Rozpiętość skrzydeł od 25 do 28 mm.

Siedlisko

Murawy kserotermiczne w późnych stadiach sukcesji, stare kamieniołomy, żwirownie.

Biologia i rozwój

Wykształca jedno pokolenie w roku (lipiec-sierpień). Rośliny żywicielskie: najczęściej kłosownica pierzasta, rzadziej perz właściwy. Jaja barwy białawej składane są we wnętrzu pochwy ostatnich liści kłosownicy w rządkach po kilka sztuk. Larwy wylęgają się po 3 tygodniach, przędą kokony i wchodzą w diapauzę. Wiosną rozpoczynają żerowanie, aktywne nocą. Stadium poczwarki trwa 2 tygodnie.

Rozmieszczenie geograficzne

Gatunek śródziemnomorski, w Polsce występuje na nielicznych stanowiskach niemal wyłącznie na południu kraju.

Bibliografia

  • Marcin Sielezniew, Izabela Dziekańska, Motyle dzienne, wyd. Multico, Warszawa 2010, s. 69.
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Karłątek akteon: Brief Summary ( polonais )

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Karłątek akteon (Thymelicus acteon) – motyl dzienny z rodziny powszelatkowatych.

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Thymelicus acteon ( portugais )

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Thymelicus acteon é uma espécie de insetos lepidópteros, mais especificamente de borboletas pertencente à família Hesperiidae.[1]

A autoridade científica da espécie é Rottemburg, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1775.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.

Referências

  1. «Thymelicus acteon». Sistema Global de Informação sobre Biodiversidade (em inglês). Consultado em 18 de agosto de 2019

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Thymelicus acteon: Brief Summary ( portugais )

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Thymelicus acteon é uma espécie de insetos lepidópteros, mais especificamente de borboletas pertencente à família Hesperiidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Rottemburg, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1775.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.

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Fläckig tåtelsmygare ( suédois )

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Fläckig tåtelsmygare (Thymelicus acteon)[1] är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av S.A. von Rottemburg 1775. Fläckig tåtelsmygare ingår i släktet Thymelicus, och familjen tjockhuvuden.[1][2]

Vingspannet är 25 millimeter. Arten är spridd i stora delar av Europa, men saknas i de nordöstra delarna och i Skandinavien.[3] Inga underarter finns listade.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/thymelicus+acteon/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  2. ^ LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Beccaloni G.W., Scoble M.J., Robinson G.S. & Pitkin B., 2005-06-15
  3. ^ Lilla fälthandboken - Fjärilar. Norstedts. 2011. sid. 22. ISBN 978-91-1-303684-7


Externa länkar

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Fläckig tåtelsmygare: Brief Summary ( suédois )

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Fläckig tåtelsmygare (Thymelicus acteon) är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av S.A. von Rottemburg 1775. Fläckig tåtelsmygare ingår i släktet Thymelicus, och familjen tjockhuvuden.

Vingspannet är 25 millimeter. Arten är spridd i stora delar av Europa, men saknas i de nordöstra delarna och i Skandinavien. Inga underarter finns listade.

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Головчак Актеон ( ukrainien )

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Назва

Вид названий на честь персонажа давньогрецької міфології Актеона.

Поширення

Вид поширений у Південній та Центральній Європі, Північно-Західній Африці, Малій Азії, на Кавказі та Близькому Сході. Відомий за декількома знахідками з Чернігівської, Чернівецької та Волинської областей, Дністровського каньйону, південно-східної частини Прикарпаття.

Опис

Розмах крил 24-27 мм. Світле золотисте кільце на передніх крилах, як правило, більш виражене у самиці, ніж у самця, який має оранжеве забарвлення з опуклою чорною рискою. Низ крил тьмяно-помаранчевий у самців і самиць, кінчики антен знизу кремові. Метелик часто гріється на сонці, піднявши передні крила.

Спосіб життя

Метелики літають з початку липня до початку серпня. Після спарювання самиця відкладає по одному яйцю на засохле листя кормових рослин. Гусениця живе і зимує в згорнутому листі злаків, де і заляльковується. Кормові рослини гусениць - різні злаки: пирій повзучий, житняк, райграс високий, коротконіжка периста, коротконіжка лісова, куничник наземний, тонконіг однорічний тощо.

Посилання


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Толстоголовка актеон ( russe )

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Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Первичноротые
Без ранга: Линяющие
Без ранга: Panarthropoda
Надкласс: Шестиногие
Класс: Насекомые
Надотряд: Amphiesmenoptera
Подотряд: Хоботковые
Клада: Двупорые
Клада: Obtectomera
Надсемейство: Булавоусые
Семейство: Толстоголовки
Род: Thymelicus
Вид: Толстоголовка актеон
Международное научное название

Thymelicus acteon
(Rottemburg, 1775)

Ареал

изображение

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Систематика
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NCBI 876078EOL 182542

Толстоголовка актеон[1] (лат. Thymelicus acteon) — бабочка семейства толстоголовок.

Этимология названия

Актеон (греческая мифология) - сын Аристея и Автонои, юноша, нарушивший покой богини Артемиды. Разгневанная богиня превратила Актеона в оленя, и его растерзали собственные собаки.

Ареал и местообитание

Южная и Центральная Европа, Малая Азия, Средний Восток, Северо-западная Африка, Канарские острова.

В Великобритании локальные популяции в Дорсете. В Восточной Европе вид встречается в Словакии, Венгрии и Румынии. В Белоруссии встречается только на юге страны, на территории Припятского заповедника, где он был впервые обнаружен в 1990-е года. Встречается на всей территории Польши. На Украине вид известен по малочисленным находкам на территории Волыни, Черновицкой области, Днестровского каньона, юго-восточной части Предкарпатья. На территории России достоверных находок вида нет (хотя вид приводился для Саратовской области, Башкирии и Воронежской области).

Бабочки населяют опушки леса, лесные поляны, обочины дорог в сосновых лесах, растущих на песчаных почвах. Имеются сообщения об обитании на сухих луговых участках меловых степей. В Армении вид населяет увлажнённые горные ландшафты на южных засушливых солончаковых склонах на высоте около 1500 м.н.у.м.

Биология

Thymelicus acteon.jpg

Бабочки развиваются в одном поколении. Время лёта с начала июля по начало августа. После спаривания самка откладывает по одному яйцу на засохшие листья кормовых растений. Гусеница живёт и зимует в свернутом листе злаков, где и окукливается.

Кормовые растения гусениц - различные злаки: пырей ползучий, житняк, райграс высокий, коротконожка перистая, коротконожка лесная, коротконожка, костер, вейник наземный, мятлик однолетний.

Примечания

  1. Львовский А. Л., Моргун Д. В. Определители по флоре и фауне России. Выпуск 8 // Булавоусые чешуекрылые Восточной Европы. — М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2007. — 443 с. — 2000 экз.ISBN 978-5-87317-362-4.
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Толстоголовка актеон: Brief Summary ( russe )

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Толстоголовка актеон (лат. Thymelicus acteon) — бабочка семейства толстоголовок.

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