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Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on Morganella morganii ( englanti )

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Abstract:

Morganella morganii (M. morganii) is one of the important nosocomial pathogen associated with the urinary tract infections and bacteremia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype. M. morganii cells were procured from MicroBioLogics Inc., USA in sealed packs bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 25829) number and stored according to the recommended storage protocols until needed for experiments. M. morganii strain was divided into two groups, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two groups, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, while Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment on day 142, the sample (Study II) was divided into three separate tubes. First, second and third tube was further analyzed on day 5, 10 and 15 respectively. All experimental parameters were studied using the automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing of lyophilized treated sample was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of M. morganii with other bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility results showed 32.14% alterations, while minimum inhibitory concentration results showed 18.75% alterations of the tested antimicrobials. Biochemical study also showed altered positive reactions in nitrofurantoin and indole with respect to control. Biotype study showed alteration in Gr. IIB, study II, on day 15 (4005 1446) as compared to the control (4004 1446). 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed similar results with the identified microbe as M. morganii (GenBank accession number: AB210972) having 80% identity of the gene sequencing data. Total 1507 base nucleotide of 16S rDNA gene sequences were analyzed by multiple alignments, while nearest homolog genus-species of M. morganii was found as Providencia rettgeri (accession number: AM040492). These results suggested that biofield treatment has a significant impact on M. morganii in lyophilized as well as revived state.

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Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, et al. (2015) Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on Morganella morganii. Adv Tech Biol Med 3: 137. doi: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000137
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Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on Morganella morganii ( englanti )

tarjonnut EOL authors

Morganella morganii (M. morganii) is one of the important nosocomial pathogen associated with the urinary tract infections and bacteremia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype. M. morganii cells were procured from MicroBioLogics Inc., USA in sealed packs bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 25829) number and stored according to the recommended storage protocols until needed for experiments. M. morganii strain was divided into two groups, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two groups, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, while Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment on day 142, the sample (Study II) was divided into three separate tubes. First, second and third tube was further analyzed on day 5, 10 and 15 respectively. All experimental parameters were studied using the automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing of lyophilized treated sample was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of M. morganii with other bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility results showed 32.14% alterations, while minimum inhibitory concentration results showed 18.75% alterations of the tested antimicrobials. Biochemical study also showed altered positive reactions in nitrofurantoin and indole with respect to control. Biotype study showed alteration in Gr. IIB, study II, on day 15 (4005 1446) as compared to the control (4004 1446). 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed similar results with the identified microbe as M. morganii (GenBank accession number: AB210972) having 80% identity of the gene sequencing data. Total 1507 base nucleotide of 16S rDNA gene sequences were analyzed by multiple alignments, while nearest homolog genus-species of M. morganii was found as Providencia rettgeri (accession number: AM040492). These results suggested that biofield treatment has a significant impact on M. morganii in lyophilized as well as revived state

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Trivedi Global Inc.
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Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, et al. (2015) Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on Morganella morganii. Adv Tech Biol Med 3: 137. doi: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000137
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Alice Branton (AliceBranton)
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Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on Morganella morganii ( englanti )

tarjonnut EOL authors

Morganella morganii (M. morganii) is one of the important nosocomial pathogen associated with the urinary tract infections and bacteremia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype. M. morganii cells were procured from MicroBioLogics Inc., USA in sealed packs bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 25829) number and stored according to the recommended storage protocols until needed for experiments. M. morganii strain was divided into two groups, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two groups, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, while Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment on day 142, the sample (Study II) was divided into three separate tubes. First, second and third tube was further analyzed on day 5, 10 and 15 respectively. All experimental parameters were studied using the automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing of lyophilized treated sample was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of M. morganii with other bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility results showed 32.14% alterations, while minimum inhibitory concentration results showed 18.75% alterations of the tested antimicrobials. Biochemical study also showed altered positive reactions in nitrofurantoin and indole with respect to control. Biotype study showed alteration in Gr. IIB, study II, on day 15 (4005 1446) as compared to the control (4004 1446). 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed similar results with the identified microbe as M. morganii (GenBank accession number: AB210972) having 80% identity of the gene sequencing data. Total 1507 base nucleotide of 16S rDNA gene sequences were analyzed by multiple alignments, while nearest homolog genus-species of M. morganii was found as Providencia rettgeri (accession number: AM040492). These results suggested that biofield treatment has a significant impact on M. morganii in lyophilized as well as revived state

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Trivedi Global Inc.
bibliografinen lainaus
Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, et al. (2015) Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on Morganella morganii. Adv Tech Biol Med 3: 137. doi: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000137
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Dahryn Trivedi (DahrynTrivedi)
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Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on Morganella morganii ( englanti )

tarjonnut EOL authors

Morganella morganii (M. morganii) is one of the important nosocomial pathogen associated with the urinary tract infections and bacteremia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype. M. morganii cells were procured from MicroBioLogics Inc., USA in sealed packs bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 25829) number and stored according to the recommended storage protocols until needed for experiments. M. morganii strain was divided into two groups, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two groups, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, while Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment on day 142, the sample (Study II) was divided into three separate tubes. First, second and third tube was further analyzed on day 5, 10 and 15 respectively. All experimental parameters were studied using the automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing of lyophilized treated sample was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of M. morganii with other bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility results showed 32.14% alterations, while minimum inhibitory concentration results showed 18.75% alterations of the tested antimicrobials. Biochemical study also showed altered positive reactions in nitrofurantoin and indole with respect to control. Biotype study showed alteration in Gr. IIB, study II, on day 15 (4005 1446) as compared to the control (4004 1446). 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed similar results with the identified microbe as M. morganii (GenBank accession number: AB210972) having 80% identity of the gene sequencing data. Total 1507 base nucleotide of 16S rDNA gene sequences were analyzed by multiple alignments, while nearest homolog genus-species of M. morganii was found as Providencia rettgeri (accession number: AM040492). These results suggested that biofield treatment has a significant impact on M. morganii in lyophilized as well as revived state.

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cc-by-4.0
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Trivedi Global Inc.
bibliografinen lainaus
Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Gangwar M, et al. (2015) Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on Morganella morganii. Adv Tech Biol Med 3: 137. doi: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000137
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Gopal Nayak (GopalNayak)
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Morganella morganii ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria.[2] It has a commensal relationship within the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as normal flora.[2] Although M. morganii has a wide distribution, it is considered an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection, and it is most often encountered in postoperative and other nosocomial infections, such as urinary tract infections.[3]

Historical identification and systematics

Morganella morganii was first described by a British bacteriologist H. de R. Morgan in 1906 as Morgan's bacillus. Morgan isolated the bacterium from stools of infants who were noted to have had "summer diarrhea".[4] Later in 1919, Winslow et al. named Morgan's bacillus, Bacillus morganii. In 1936, though, Rauss renamed B. morganii as Proteus morganii. Fulton, in 1943, showed that B. columbensis and P. morganii were the same and defined the genus Morganella, due to the DNA-DNA hybridization.[5] In 1943, Fulton attempted to define a subspecies, M. m. columbensis.[6] However, in 1962, a review article by Ewing reported that M. columbensis had been re-identified as Escherichia coli, thereby removing that organism from the genus Morganella.[6]

Microbiology

M. morganii grown on blood agar

Morganella morganii is facultatively anaerobic and oxidase-negative. Its colonies appear off-white and opaque in color, when grown on agar plates.[7] M. morganii cells are straight rods, about 0.6–0.7 μm in diameter and 1.0–1.7 μm in length. This organism moves by way of peritrichous flagella, but some strains do not form flagella at 30 °C (86 °F).[8]

M. morganii is split into two subspecies: M. morganii subsp. morganii and M. morganii subsp. sibonii.[6] M. morganii subsp. sibonii is able to ferment trehalose, whereas subsp. morganii cannot, and this is the primary phenotype used to differentiate them.[6]

M. morganii can produce the enzyme catalase, so it is able to convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. This is a common enzyme found in most living organisms. In addition, it is indole test-positive, meaning that this organism can split tryptophan to indole, pyruvate, and ammonia. M. morganii also produces urease, allowing it to break down urea.[9] Methyl red tests positive in M. morganii, an indicator dye that turns red due to the bacterium's acid production during fermentation.[7]

Role of bacteria

Although a rare human pathogen, M. morganii has been reported as a cause of urinary tract infections, nosocomial surgical wound infections, peritonitis, central nervous system infection, endophthalmitis, pneumonia, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, pyomyositis, necrotizing fasciitis, and arthritis. Numerous cases of nosocomial infection have been described, usually as postsurgical wound infections or urinary tract infections. Patients in whom bacteremia develops are typically immunocompromised, diabetic, or elderly, or have at least one serious underlying disease. M. morganii has been regarded as a normally harmless opportunistic pathogen, but some strains carry "antibiotic-resistant plasmids" and have been associated with nosocomial outbreaks of infections.[10] Several reports indicate M. morganii causes sepsis, ecthyma, endophthalmitis, and chorioamnionitis, and more commonly urinary tract infections, soft tissue infections, septic arthritis, meningitis, and bacteremia, in the latter 2 cases with frequent fatal consequences.[11]

In a rare case published in 2003, a patient presented with bilateral necrosis of both upper and lower eyelids. Upon microbial analysis, the areas were shown to have heavy growth of M. morganii.[12]

Treatment and antibiotic resistance

Treatment of M. morganii infections may include:

A study conducted at the University Hospital at Heraklion, Crete, Greece, showed a 92% success rate in the use of these antibiotics.[13]

However, some M. morganii strains are resistant to penicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, oxacillin, first-generation and second-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, lincosamides, fosfomycin, colistin, and polymyxin B.[3] The emergence of highly resistant strains of M. morganii have been associated with use of third-generation cephalosporins.[3]

Polymicrobial infections are most abundantly caused by this microbe which additionally damages the skin, soft tissues, and urogenital tract; these can be cured through use of the aforementioned antibiotics.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b UniProt. Morganella morganii (Proteus morganii)
  2. ^ a b eMedicine. Morganella infections
  3. ^ a b c "Morganella infections". Medscape. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
  4. ^ Pulaski, E. J.; Deitz, G. W. (1940). "Morgan's bacillus septicemia". Journal of the American Medical Association. 115 (11): 922. doi:10.1001/jama.1940.72810370001008. ISSN 0002-9955.
  5. ^ Chen, Yu-Tin; Peng, Hwei-Ling; Shia, Wei-Chung; Hsu, Fang-Rong; Ken, Chuian-Fu; Tsao, Yu-Ming; Chen, Chang-Hua; Liu, Chun-Eng; Hsieh, Ming-Feng; Chen, Huang-Chi; Tang, Chuan-Yi; Ku, Tien-Hsiung (2012). "Whole-genome sequencing and identification of Morganella morganii KT pathogenicity-related genes". BMC Genomics. 13 (Suppl 7): S4. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-S7-S4. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 3521468. PMID 23282187.
  6. ^ a b c d O'Hara CM, Brenner FW, Miller JM (13 October 2000). "Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 4. 13 (4): 534–546. doi:10.1128/cmr.13.4.534-546.2000. PMC 88947. PMID 11023955.
  7. ^ a b Herrara, Jose. "Morganella morganii". Truman State University Biology. Truman State University. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  8. ^ "Morganella morganii". University of Windsor. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  9. ^ Hu, L T; Nicholson, E B; Jones, BD; Lynch, MJ; Mobley, HL (June 1990). "Morganella morganii urease: purification, characterization, and isolation of gene sequences". J Bacteriol. 172 (6): 3073–80. doi:10.1128/jb.172.6.3073-3080.1990. PMC 209110. PMID 2345135.
  10. ^ Senior, W; S. Voros (1990). "Protein profile typing--a new method of typing Morganella morganii strains" (PDF). Journal of Medical Microbiology. 33 (4): 259–264. doi:10.1099/00222615-33-4-259. PMID 1701835. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  11. ^ Singla, Nidhi; Neelam Kaistha; Neelam Gulati; Jagdish Chander (July–September 2010). "Morganella morganii could be an important intensive care unit pathogen". Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 14 (3): 154–155. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.74176. PMC 3021833. PMID 21253351.
  12. ^ Shenoy MD; AU Shenoy; AM Rajay; ZH al Mahrooqui (2003). "Necrotic Periorbital Ulceration due to Morganella morganii" (PDF). Asian Journal of Ophthalmology. 1. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
  13. ^ a b Falagas, M.E.; P.K. Kavvadia; E. Mantadakis; D.P. Kofteridis; I.A. Bliziotis; E. Saloustros; S. Maraki; G. Samonis (2006). "Morganella morganii infections in General Tertiary Hospital". Clinical and Epidemiology Study. 34 (6): 315–321. doi:10.1007/s15010-006-6682-3. PMID 17180585. S2CID 6599259.
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Morganella morganii: Brief Summary ( englanti )

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Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria. It has a commensal relationship within the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as normal flora. Although M. morganii has a wide distribution, it is considered an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection, and it is most often encountered in postoperative and other nosocomial infections, such as urinary tract infections.

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Morganella morganii ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES

Morganella morganii es una especie bacteriana de la familia Morganellaceae, bacilos gram negativos. Comúnmente habitan en el medio ambiente y el tracto intestinal de humanos, mamíferos y reptiles como flora saprofita y ocasionalmente causantes de infecciones urinarias y otras infecciones nosocomiales. Son sensibles a terapias antibióticas con la excepción de los betalactámicos.

Historia

El primer aislamiento de esta bacteria fue realizado por un hombre llamado Castellani en 1905, y lo llamó Bacterium columbensea. En 1906, cuando Morgan descubrió esta bacteria mientras estudiaba la diarrea infantil de verano, no sabía que, de hecho, era la misma bacteria que encontró Castellani. Morgan describió esto como una bacteria que no fermenta la lactosa, a diferencia de las otras bacterias del tipo Bacillus. Nombró a este Bacilo de Morgan y luego fue nombrado, en 1919, Bacillus morganii por Winslow. Años más tarde, en 1936 Rauss realizó una evaluación adicional de la bacteria y se dio cuenta de que era muy similar al grupo Proteus y, aunque había diferencias marcadas, renombró a la bacteria Proteus morganii . Finalmente en 1943, Fulton hizo la conexión que la bacteria Proteus morganii era de hecho la misma bacteria descubierta por Castellani en 1905 y propuso un nuevo nombre de género de Morganella . La especie se llamaría M. morganii y la de Castellani se llamaría M. columbensis. M. morganii no pudo fermentar la lactosa o la sacarosa, pero fue capaz de producir indol. En 1962, Ewing descubrió que M. columbensis era en realidad E. coli, que dejó a M. morganii como la única especie del género. Esto llevó a Ewing a ignorar el género y relacionar moganii con el género Proteus . Finalmente en 1976, morganii se puso en su lugar correcto en el género de Morganella.

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Morganella morganii: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

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Morganella morganii es una especie bacteriana de la familia Morganellaceae, bacilos gram negativos. Comúnmente habitan en el medio ambiente y el tracto intestinal de humanos, mamíferos y reptiles como flora saprofita y ocasionalmente causantes de infecciones urinarias y otras infecciones nosocomiales. Son sensibles a terapias antibióticas con la excepción de los betalactámicos.

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Morganella morganii ( ranska )

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Tableau
Morganella morganii.

Retrouvé dans le tractus digestif de divers animaux, Morganella morganii se présente sous la forme de bacilles flagellés ou non, de 1 μm de diamètre, sur 3 μm de longueur. Elle appartient à la famille des entérobactéries, et possède les caractéristiques suivantes : Gram négative, non exigeante, oxydase négative, nitrate réductase positive, aéro-anaérobie facultative, et fermentant le glucose.

Historique

Isolé pour la première fois en 1906 par le physicien anglais Harry de R. Morgan (1863–1931)[1], son nom est alors « Bacillus morganii ». Par la suite d’autres études décriront cette bactérie et lui octroieront des noms différents (ex. : Proteus morganii, W. H. Ewing en 1962). Cette bactérie a été renommée en 1978 Morganella morganii à la suite des travaux de Brenner et al.. Ces derniers ont montré qu’avec un pourcentage GC de 50 %, cette espèce microbienne ne pouvait être rattachée au genre Proteus pour lequel cette valeur était comprise entre 38 et 41 %. Ils ont donc proposé la création d’un nouveau genre bactérien : Morganella[2].

Taxonomie

Morganella morganii appartient à la grande famille des entérobactéries (famille des Enterobacteriaceae). Une étude réalisée par Jensen et al. en 1992 sur 62 souches de Morganella morganii, a montré que ces dernières pouvaient être divisées en différents groupes, selon des caractères phénotypiques et génomiques. En effet, ces expériences ont permis de différencier deux groupes selon la fermentation du tréhalose :

deux sous-espèces :

  • morganii (tréhalose négatif)
  • sibonii (tréhalose positif)

Des tests génétiques d’hybridation ADN-ADN ont été effectués sur ces mêmes 62 souches de Morganella morganii et ont révélé l’existence de trois groupes génomiques :

3 génogroupes :

  • sous-espèce morganii : génogroupe 1,
  • sous-espèce sibonii : génogroupe 2 et génogroupe 3

De plus, en se fondant sur la présence des activités lysine décarboxylase(LDC) et d'une ornithine décarboxylase(ODC), ces trois génogroupes sont eux-mêmes subdivisés en plusieurs biogroupes :

sept biogroupes :

  • génogroupe 1 : biogroupes A,B,C,D
  • génogroupe 2 : biogroupes E,F,G1(G1 représentant une partie des souches du biogroupe G se distinguant des souches G2 sur la base de caractères biochimiques)
  • génogroupe 3 : Biogroupe G2 (le reste des souches du biogroupe G)[3][source insuffisante]

Habitat

Cette bactérie est commensale du tractus digestif de divers animaux. En effet, Morganella morganii a été isolée de l’intestin des mammifères (notamment de l’homme et du chien), des oiseaux et des reptiles.

Elle est aussi également très répandue dans divers autres environnements, tels que : les sols et les eaux d’égout, où elle contribue à la dégradation de la matière organique grâce à son activité protéolytique[2].

Pouvoir pathogène

Morganella morganii, et plus particulièrement les souches du biogroupe A, représentant environ 80 % des souches isolées en clinique, sont responsables d’infections opportunistes retrouvées essentiellement chez des sujets immunodéprimés :

  • infections urinaires ;
  • infections extra intestinales c’est-à-dire infections des plaies, des abcès, etc.
  • infections materno-fœtales ;
  • intoxication alimentaire à l’histamine (molécule produite par la bactérie)[4][source insuffisante].

Sensibilité aux antibiotiques

Elle est résistante aux Béta lactamines comme la pénicilline et l’ampicilline et elle est sensible aux aminosides et aux chloramphénicols[4].

M. morganii est aussi sensible à de nombreux agents antimicrobiens actuellement utilisés, y compris la ceftazidime, céfépime, l'aztréonam, imipénème, tazobactam, la ciprofloxacine, la tobramycine, et gentamicine. Les nouvelles souches sont souvent résistantes aux céphalosporines, y compris cefprozil, le céfuroxime, loracarbef, cefdinir, et cefetam et peuvent aussi être résistantes à la céfazoline, céfixime, cefpodoxime[2].

Voir aussi

Notes et références
  1. (en) Morgan, Harry de R., English physician, 1863-1931 dans TheFreeDictionary.com (en).
  2. a b et c O’Hara 2000 Classification, Identification, and Clinical Significance of Proteus, providencia, and Morganella
  3. Jensen et al. 1992
  4. a et b (en) Martin Dworkin et Stanley Falkow « The Prokaryotes: Proteobacteria: gamma subclass »

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Morganella morganii: Brief Summary ( ranska )

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Tableau Morganella morganii.

Retrouvé dans le tractus digestif de divers animaux, Morganella morganii se présente sous la forme de bacilles flagellés ou non, de 0,6 à 1 μm de diamètre, sur 1 à 3 μm de longueur. Elle appartient à la famille des entérobactéries, et possède les caractéristiques suivantes : Gram négative, non exigeante, oxydase négative, nitrate réductase positive, aéro-anaérobie facultative, et fermentant le glucose.

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Morganella morganii ( galicia )

tarjonnut wikipedia gl Galician

Morganella morganii é unha especie de bacteria gramnegativa.[1] Ten unha relación de organismo comensal no tracto intestinal humano e doutros mamíferos e réptiles, nos que forma parte da flora normal.[1] Aínda que M. morganii ten unha ampla distribución, considérase unha causa pouco común de infeccións adquiridas na comunidade e encóntrase principalmente en infeccións postoperatorias e outras infeccións nosocomiais (hospitalarias) como infeccións do tracto urinario.[4]

Historia e sistemática

Morganella morganii descubriuna o bacteriólogo británico H. de R. Morgan en 1906, dándoselle o nome de bacilo de Morgan. Morgan illou a bacteria de feces de nenos que tiveran "diarrea estival".[5] Posteriormente, en 1919, Winslow et al. nomearon o bacilo de Morgan como Bacillus morganii. En 1936, Rauss renomeouno como Proteus morganii. Fulton, en 1943, sinalou que B. columbensis e P. morganii eran a mesma especie debido a hibridación e definiu o xénero Morganella.[6] Considerouse que M. morganii tlña dúas subespecies: M. m. morganii e M. m. columbensis.[7] Porén, en 1962, un artigo de revisión de Ewing informaba que M. columbensis fora reidentificada como Escherichia coli, polo que se retirou este organismo do xénero Morganella.[7] Hoxe, no xénero Morganella na LPSN acéptanse dúas especies: M. moganii e M. psychrotolerans, e dentro de M. morganii distínguense as subespecies M. m. morganii e M. m. sibonii.[3]

Microbioloxía

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M. morganii crecendo en ágar sangue.

Morganella morganii é un organismo anaerobio facultativo e oxidase negativo. As súas colonias parecen de cor abrancazada e opaca cando crecen e placas de ágar.[8] As células de M. morganii son bacilos rectos duns 0,6–0,7 µm de diámetro e 1,0–1,7 µm de lonxitude. Móvese por medio de flaxelos peritricos, pero algunhas cepas non forman flaxelos a 30 °C.[9]

M. morganii pode producir o enzima catalase, polo que pode converter o peróxido de hidróxeno en auga e oxíxeno. Este é un enzima común que se encontra na maioría dos seres vivos. Ademais, dá positivo na proba do indol, polo que este organismo pode escindir o triptófano en indol, piruvato e amoníaco. As probas de vermello de metilo dan tamén positivo, o cal é unha substancia indicadora que se volve vermella en solucións ácidas.[8] Aínda que é un patóxeno humano raro, atopouse que M. morganii é o causante dalgunhas infeccións do tracto urinario, infeccións de feridas cirúrxicas nosocomiais, peritonite, infeccións do sistema nervioso central, endoftalmite, pneumonía, corioamnionite, sepse neonatal, piomiosite, fascite necrotizante e artrite. Describíronse numerosos casos de infeccións nosocomiais (hospitalarias), xeralmente infeccións en feridas postoperatorias ou infeccións do tracto urinario. Os pacientes nos cales se desenvolve bacteremia son normalmente persoas inmunocomprometidas ou de avanzada idade ou que tiñan polo menos unha doenza grave subxacente.

Papel destas bacterias

M. morganii é membro da tribo Proteeae (flora fecal normal que a miúdo causa infeccións en pacientes cuxa flora normal foi alterada por terapias con antibióticos)[10] da familia Enterobacteriaceae, con dúas subespecies: M. m. morganii e M. m. sibonii.[3] M. morganii foi xeralmente considerada un patóxeno oportunista inofensivo, pero algunhas cepas portan "plásmidos resistentes a antibióticos" e foron asociados con abrochos de infeccións nosocomiais.[11] Varios informes indican que estas bacterias causan sepse, ectima, endoftalmite e corioamnionite e infeccións do tracto urinario máis complexas, infeccións de tecidos brandos, artrite séptica, meninxite e bacteremia, a miúdo con consecuencias mortais.[12]

Nun raro caso publicado en 2003, un paciente presentaba necrose bilateral das pálpebras superior e inferior. Con análise microbiana, nesas áreas demostrouse un forte crecemento de M. morganii.[13]

Tratamento e resistencia a antibióticos

O tratamento de infeccións por M. morganii pode consistir en administrar:

Un estudo realizado no hospital universitario de Heraklion, Creta, Grecia mostrou un 92% de éxito co uso destes antibióticos.[14]

Porén, algunhas cepas de M. morganii son resistentes á penicilina, ampicilina/sulbactam, oxacilina, cefalosporinas de primeira e segunda xeracións, macrólidos, lincosamidas, fosfomicina, colistina, e polimixina B.[4] A aparición destas cepas moi resistentes de M. morganii foi asociada co uso de cefalosporinas de terceira xeración.[4]

As infeccións polimicrobianas son causadas principalmente por este microbio, que ademais causa danos na pel, tecidos brandos e tracto uroxenital; estas doenzas poden curarse cos mencionados antibióticos.[14]

Notas

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 eMedicine. Morganella infections
  2. 2,0 2,1 UniProt. Morganella morganii (Proteus morganii)
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) Morganella
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 "Morganella infections". Medscape. Consultado o 5 December 2012.
  5. Pulaski, E. J.; Deitz, G. W. (1940). "Morgan's bacillus septicemia". Journal of the American Medical Association 115 (11): 922. ISSN 0002-9955. doi:10.1001/jama.1940.72810370001008.
  6. Chen, Yu-Tin; Peng, Hwei-Ling; Shia, Wei-Chung; Hsu, Fang-Rong; Ken, Chuian-Fu; Tsao, Yu-Ming; Chen, Chang-Hua; Liu, Chun-Eng; Hsieh, Ming-Feng; Chen, Huang-Chi; Tang, Chuan-Yi; Ku, Tien-Hsiung (2012). "Whole-genome sequencing and identification of Morganella morganii KT pathogenicity-related genes" (PDF). BMC Genomics 13 (Suppl 7): S4. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 3521468. PMID 23282187. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-S7-S4.
  7. 7,0 7,1 O'Hara CM, Brenner FW, Miller JM (13 October 2000). "Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella.". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 4 13 (4): 534–546. PMC 88947. PMID 11023955. doi:10.1128/cmr.13.4.534-546.2000.
  8. 8,0 8,1 Herrara, Jose. "Morganella morganii". Truman State University Biology. Truman State University. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 13 de decembro de 2012. Consultado o 6 December 2012.
  9. "Morganella morganii". University of Windsor. Consultado o 6 December 2012.
  10. Cunha MD, Burke. "Proteeae Infections". Merck Manual. Consultado o 8 December 2012.
  11. Senior, W; S. Voros (1990). "Protein profile typing--a new method of typing Morganella morganii strains" (PDF). Journal of Medical Microbiology 33 (4): 259–264. PMID 1701835. doi:10.1099/00222615-33-4-259. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 04 de setembro de 2011. Consultado o 14 de xuño de 2019.
  12. Singla, Nidhi; Neelam Kaistha; Neelam Gulati; Jagdish Chander (Jul–Sep 2010). "Morganella morganii could be an important intensive care unit pathogen". Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 14 (3): 154–155. PMC 3021833. PMID 21253351. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.74176.
  13. Shenoy MD; AU Shenoy; AM Rajay; ZH al Mahrooqui (2003). "Necrotic Periorbital Ulceration due to Morganella morganii" (PDF). Asian Journal of Ophthalmology. 1 5. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 02 de febreiro de 2014. Consultado o 14 de xuño de 2019.
  14. 14,0 14,1 Falagas, M.E.; P.K. Kavvadia; E. Mantadakis; D.P. Kofteridis; I.A. Bliziotis; E. Saloustros; S. Maraki; G. Samonis (2006). "Morganella morganii infections in General Tertiary Hospital". Clinical and Epidemiology Study 6 (6): 315–321. PMID 17180585. doi:10.1007/s15010-006-6682-3.

Véxase tamén

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Morganella morganii: Brief Summary ( galicia )

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Morganella morganii é unha especie de bacteria gramnegativa. Ten unha relación de organismo comensal no tracto intestinal humano e doutros mamíferos e réptiles, nos que forma parte da flora normal. Aínda que M. morganii ten unha ampla distribución, considérase unha causa pouco común de infeccións adquiridas na comunidade e encóntrase principalmente en infeccións postoperatorias e outras infeccións nosocomiais (hospitalarias) como infeccións do tracto urinario.

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Morganella morganii ( Italia )

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Morganella morganii è una specie di batterio gram-negativo.[1] È una specie conosciuta per essere commensale del tratto intestinale umano, dei mammiferi e dei rettili. Malgrado la sua ampia distribuzione e presenza innocua, M.morgani è considerata come una causa di infezioni postoperatorie e del tratto urinario, presentando per tanto un rischio per la salute.[2]

Storia

Morganella morganii è stata descritta per la prima volta dal batteriologo britannico H de R.Morgan, nel 1906, isolandolo dagli sgabelli usati da neonati che stavano soffrendo di "diarrea estiva".[3] Più tardi, nel 1919, Wislow et al. nominò il bacillo scoperto da Morgan come Bacillus morganii. Nel 1936, Rauss lo nominò come Proteus morganii.[4][5]

Nel 1943 il batteriologo Fulton dimostrò mediante analisi d'ibridazione del DNA che B.columbensis e P.morgani erano la stessa specie e, per classificare meglio questa nuova specie, creò il genere Morganella.

Nel 1962, un articolo scritto da Ewig re-identificò M.columbensis come Escherichia coli, rimuovendolo dal genere Morganella.

Microbiologia

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Morganella morganii cresciuta su una placca di agar agar.

Morganella morganii è un anaerobico facoltativo dall'ossidasi negativa. Le colonie formate da questo microorganismo appaiono di colore bianco pallido e opaco quando crescono sulle placche di agar. Le cellule sono di forma rotonda di un diametro tra gli 0,6 e gli 0,7 μm di diametro e gli 1 e gli 1,7 µm di lunghezza. Possono muoversi grazie alla presenza di un flagello, ma non sopra i 30 °C.[6][7]

M.morgani può produrre enzima catalasi per convertire il perossido d'idrogeno in acqua e ossigeno: questa è un enzima comune facilmente riscontrabile in varie specie batteriane. Inoltre è capace di dividere il triptofano in piruvato e ammonio.

Note

  1. ^ eMedicine. Morganella infections
  2. ^ Morganella infections, su emedicine.medscape.com, Medscape. URL consultato il 5 dicembre 2012.
  3. ^ E. J. Pulaski e G. W. Deitz, Morgan's bacillus septicemia, in Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 115, n. 11, 1940, pp. 922, DOI:10.1001/jama.1940.72810370001008, ISSN 0002-9955.
  4. ^ Yu-Tin Chen, Hwei-Ling Peng, Wei-Chung Shia, Fang-Rong Hsu, Chuian-Fu Ken, Yu-Ming Tsao, Chang-Hua Chen, Chun-Eng Liu, Ming-Feng Hsieh, Huang-Chi Chen, Chuan-Yi Tang e Tien-Hsiung Ku, Whole-genome sequencing and identification of Morganella morganii KT pathogenicity-related genes, in BMC Genomics, vol. 13, Suppl 7, 2012, pp. S4, DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-13-S7-S4, ISSN 1471-2164, PMC 3521468, PMID 23282187.
  5. ^ O'Hara CM, Brenner FW, Miller JM, Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella., in Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 4, vol. 13, n. 4, 13 ottobre 2000, pp. 534–546, DOI:10.1128/cmr.13.4.534-546.2000, PMC 88947, PMID 11023955.
  6. ^ Jose Herrara, Morganella morganii, in Truman State University Biology, Truman State University. URL consultato il 6 dicembre 2012 (archiviato dall'url originale il 13 dicembre 2012).
  7. ^ Morganella morganii, su web2.uwindsor.ca, University of Windsor. URL consultato il 6 dicembre 2012.
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Morganella morganii: Brief Summary ( Italia )

tarjonnut wikipedia IT

Morganella morganii è una specie di batterio gram-negativo. È una specie conosciuta per essere commensale del tratto intestinale umano, dei mammiferi e dei rettili. Malgrado la sua ampia distribuzione e presenza innocua, M.morgani è considerata come una causa di infezioni postoperatorie e del tratto urinario, presentando per tanto un rischio per la salute.

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Morganella morganii ( portugali )

tarjonnut wikipedia PT

Morganella morganii é um bacilo reto gram-negativa e anaeróbica facultativa, que se movem por flagelos peritricosos, encontrado comumente no meio ambiente e no trato gastrintestinal de humanos, mamíferos e de répteis como parte da microbiota residente.

Apesar de sua ampla distribuição, é uma causa incomum de infecção em imunocompetentes, sendo encontrada mais comumente em pós operatórios e infecções nosocomiais.[1]

Causa infecção oportunistas no trato respiratório, trato urinário e pode infectar feridas em humanos.[2] Em 1978, estudos genéticos classificaram o microrganismo previamente denominado Proteus morganii como pertencente ao gênero Morganella, passando então a ser chamado de Morganella morganii.

Referências

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lisenssi
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Morganella morganii: Brief Summary ( portugali )

tarjonnut wikipedia PT

Morganella morganii é um bacilo reto gram-negativa e anaeróbica facultativa, que se movem por flagelos peritricosos, encontrado comumente no meio ambiente e no trato gastrintestinal de humanos, mamíferos e de répteis como parte da microbiota residente.

Apesar de sua ampla distribuição, é uma causa incomum de infecção em imunocompetentes, sendo encontrada mais comumente em pós operatórios e infecções nosocomiais.

Causa infecção oportunistas no trato respiratório, trato urinário e pode infectar feridas em humanos. Em 1978, estudos genéticos classificaram o microrganismo previamente denominado Proteus morganii como pertencente ao gênero Morganella, passando então a ser chamado de Morganella morganii.

lisenssi
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wikipedia PT