nimet breadcrumb-navigoinnissa
Multiflora rose, also known as rambler rose and baby rose, is native to eastern China, Japan and Korea. It was introduced to the U.S. from Japan in 1866, as rootstock for grafted ornamental rose cultivars. The spread of multi flora rose increased in the 1930s, when it was introduced by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service for use in erosion control and as living fences, or natural hedges, to confine livestock. It was also discovered to provide effective habitat and cover protection for pheasant, northern bobwhite, and cottontail rabbit and food for animals such as songbirds and deer. These uses encouraged its distribution, usually via root cuttings, to landowners, through State Conservation departments. Mulitflora rose has recently been planted in highway median strips to provide crash barriers and reduce headlight glare from oncoming traffic. Its extensive, pervasive growth was soon discovered as a problem on pasture lands and fallow fields. Currently, mulitflora rose is found in 41 states and is classified as either a noxious weed, prohibited invasive species or banned, in 13 states, including Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. It is also among the top forest invasive plant species for the northeastern area by the US Forest Service.
Description
Multiflora rose, in the rose family (Rosaceae), is a vigorous perennial shrub. Canes (stems) root at the tips and may reach heights of up to 10 feet. The red to green twigs may have numerous recurved thorns and other thornless specimens occur infrequently in the eastern United States. Its pinnately compound leaves grow alternately with 5, 7, 9 or 11 oval, saw toothed leaflets. The leaflets are nearly smooth on the upper surface and paler with short hairs on the underside. The base of each leaf stalk bears a pair of fringed bracts or stipules. The fringed stipules are the best characteristic to use to distinguish multiflora rose from other species. Multifora rose shrubs can grow to a height of 10–15 feet and a width of 9-13 feet.
Clusters of showy fragrant white to white pink, half inch to one inch diameter flowers, bloom in panicles, inflorescences with side stems, in late May or June. The flowers produce copious quantities of sweet pollen. Six to 100 hips develop in the inflorescence in summer and turn red by middle September, containing one to 21 seeds. The hypanthium, the large fleshy cup like structure on the underside of the flower, softens after the early frosts becoming tough, remaining on the plant in winter. Seed color is variable yellow to tan measuring about 0.16 inches contained in sharp, thin pointed structures called spicules. Seed germination is high; seeds can also remain viable in the soil for as long as 20 years. Roots are wide-ranging and capable of resprouting. In addition, stem tips that contact the soil surface are capable of rooting, through a process known as layering, to form new plants. Extensive thickets are formed this way.
Impact
Multiflora rose is extremely prolific and can form dense thickets, excluding native plants species. This non-native invasive rose invades open woodlands, forest edges, early succession pastures and fields. It also invades fence rows, right-of ways, roadsides, and margins of swamps and marshes.
Biology
Each cane on a large plant may contain 40 to 50 panicles. Each panicle can contain as many as 100 hypanthia or hips (average of about 50) and each hip, an average of seven seeds (range of one to 22). Thus each large cane can potentially produce up to 17,500 seeds. Seeds remain viable for a number of years. It has been found that as many as 90% of the seeds are viable, in the absence of drought and stress. Multiflora rose is moderately winter-hardy, and is tolerant to many North American insects and diseases.
Habitat
Multiflora rose thrives in full and partial sun with well-drained soils. It cannot tolerate winter temperatures below -28 F. While it grows most vigorously in full sun, it can also grow in the shade, and will persist for many years under a tree canopy although it may not flower or fruit very heavily.
Management Options Note:
Mechanical and chemical methods are currently the most widely used methods for managing infestation of multiflora rose.
Mechanical Control:
Seedlings can be pulled by hand. Small plants can be dug out or larger ones can be pulled using a chain or cable and a tractor, but care needs to be taken to remove all roots. Frequent, repeated cutting or mowing at the rate of three to six times per growing season, for two to four years, has been shown to be effective in achieving high mortality of mulitflora rose. In valuable, natural communities, cutting of individual plants is preferred to site mowing to minimize habitat disturbance. Some success has resulted from the use of goats in controlling multiflora rose.
Chemical Control:
Herbicides have been used successfully in controlling mulitflora rose but, because of long lived stores of seed in the soil, follow up treatments are likely to be necessary. Applications of systemic herbicides, such as glyphosate or triclopyr, to freshly cut stomp or to re growth, may be the most effective method, especially if conducted late in the growing season. The same chemicals can be employed as a foliar spray. It is important to note that multiflora rose has the typical regenerative power of members of the rose family, and control programs must be monitored and followed up if necessary by repeated herbicide application or used in conjunction with other control methods such as mowing or burning. Plant growth regulators have been used to control the spread of mulitflora rose by preventing fruit set.
Biological:
Rose rosette disease is a sometimes fatal viral disease that attacks multifora rose and other roses. The virus is spread naturally by a tiny mite. Plants affected by rose rosette disease develop witches’ brooms and small reddish leaves and shoots. The disease can kill plants in two years. This disease is not considered a useful biological control at this time because it may infect native roses and plums, as well as commercially important plants in the rose family such as apples, some types of berries, and ornamental roses.
Another biological control method involves the use of European Rose Chalcid (Megastigmus aculeatus), a wasp. During May and June the female deposits her eggs in the seed and the larvae overwinter. Pupa formation occurs in April to June and the adult wasps appear from the rose hip in early summer, thus completing the cycle. More research needs to be completed before considering this method of control.
Multiflora rose is a perennial shrub that forms dense, impenetrable "clumps" of vegetation. Isolated plants can produce clumps up to 33 feet (10 m) in diameter [26,63]. Bushes grow to a height of 6 to 10 feet (1.8-3 m) and occasionally 15 feet (4.6 m) [26]. Stems (canes) are few to many, originating from the base, much branched, and erect and arching to more or less trailing or sprawling. Canes grow to 13 feet (4 m) long and are armed with stout recurved prickles [34,70]. Leaves are alternate, pinnately compound, and 3 to 4 inches (8-11 cm) long with 5 to 11 (usually 7 or 9), 1 to 1.6 inch (2.5-4 cm) long leaflets [26,33,70]. Flowers are 0.5 to 0.75 inches (1.3-1.9 cm) across and number 25 to 100 or more in long or pointed panicles. Fruits (hips) are globular to ovoid, 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) or less in diameter [26]. Seeds are angular achenes [40].
The preceding description provides characteristics of multiflora rose that may be relevant to fire ecology and is not meant to be used for identification. Keys for identifying multiflora rose are available in various floras (e.g. [33,70]). Photos and descriptions of multiflora rose are also available online from Missouri Department of Conservation and the Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council. Check with the native plant society or cooperative extension service in your state for more information.
The biology and ecology of multiflora rose are not well-studied. More research is needed to better understand its life-history and other biological traits, habitat requirements and limitations, and interactions with native North American flora and fauna.
Native to Japan [26], Multiflora rose occurs throughout eastern North America from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia south to northern Florida, and west to Minnesota, Nebraska, and Texas [34,44,45,89]. It is also distributed along the West Coast from British Columbia to California [45].
The following biogeographic classification systems demonstrate where multiflora rose could potentially be found based on reported occurrence. Precise distribution information is lacking because of gaps in understanding of biological and ecological characteristics of nonnative species and because introduced species may still be expanding their range. These lists are speculative and may not be accurately restrictive or complete.
Information about multiflora rose and fire is lacking. Research is needed that examines the interactions of fire and multiflora rose, and the effects these interactions may have on native communities and ecosystems and their respective FIRE REGIMES. For instance, multiflora rose may be present in remnant or restored native Midwestern prairie communities [19]. Historically, fire has been an important ecological influence in prairie ecosystems [48]. Understanding the response of multiflora rose (and other nonnative species) to periodic fire could be critical for management and restoration efforts in these and other areas.
Many native Rosa spp. survive low- to moderate-severity fire by sprouting from rhizomes or root crowns, and may germinate from on-site or off-site seed sources (see FEIS fire ecology summaries for prickly rose (R. acicularis), baldhip rose (R. gymnocarpa), Nootka rose (R. nutkana), and Wood's rose (R. woodsii) on this website).
Fire adaptations: No information
FIRE REGIMES: The following table lists fire return intervals for communities or ecosystems throughout North America where multiflora rose may occur. This list is meant as a guideline to illustrate historic FIRE REGIMES and is not to be interpreted as a strict description of FIRE REGIMES for multiflora rose. Find further fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under "Find FIRE REGIMES".
Community or Ecosystem Dominant Species Fire Return Interval Range (years) silver fir-Douglas-fir Abies amabilis-Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii > 200 grand fir Abies grandis 35-200 [3] maple-beech-birch Acer-Fagus-Betula > 1000 sugar maple Acer saccharum > 1000 sugar maple-basswood Acer saccharum-Tilia americana > 1000 [86] California chaparral Adenostoma and/or Arctostaphylos spp. 64] bluestem prairie Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii-Schizachyrium scoparium 48,64] Nebraska sandhills prairie Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus-Schizachyrium scoparium bluestem-Sacahuista prairie Andropogon littoralis-Spartina spartinae California montane chaparral Ceanothus and/or Arctostaphylos spp. 50-100 [64] sugarberry-America elm-green ash Celtis laevigata-Ulmus americana-Fraxinus pennsylvanica Atlantic white-cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides 35 to > 200 beech-sugar maple Fagus spp.-Acer saccharum > 1000 [86] California steppe Festuca-Danthonia spp. juniper-oak savanna Juniperus ashei-Quercus virginiana Ashe juniper Juniperus ashei western juniper Juniperus occidentalis 20-70 cedar glades Juniperus virginiana 3-7 [64] yellow-poplar Liriodendron tulipifera southeastern spruce-fir Picea-Abies spp. 35 to > 200 [86] red spruce* P. rubens 35-200 [18] pine-cypress forest Pinus-Cupressus spp. 3] pinyon-juniper Pinus-Juniperus spp. 64] jack pine Pinus banksiana 18] shortleaf pine Pinus echinata 2-15 shortleaf pine-oak Pinus echinata-Quercus spp. slash pine Pinus elliottii 3-8 slash pine-hardwood Pinus elliottii-variable sand pine Pinus elliottii var. elliottii 25-45 [86] Jeffrey pine Pinus jeffreyi 5-30 western white pine* Pinus monticola 50-200 [3] longleaf-slash pine Pinus palustris-P. elliottii 1-4 [59,86] longleaf pine-scrub oak Pinus palustris-Quercus spp. 6-10 [86] Pacific ponderosa pine* Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa 1-47 [3] interior ponderosa pine* Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum 2-30 [3,6,50] red pine (Great Lakes region) Pinus resinosa 10-200 (10**) [18,30] red-white-jack pine* Pinus resinosa-P. strobus-P. banksiana 10-300 [18,38] pitch pine Pinus rigida 6-25 [13,39] eastern white pine Pinus strobus 35-200 eastern white pine-eastern hemlock Pinus strobus-Tsuga canadensis 35-200 eastern white pine-northern red oak-red maple Pinus strobus-Quercus rubra-Acer rubrum 35-200 loblolly pine Pinus taeda 3-8 loblolly-shortleaf pine Pinus taeda-P. echinata 10 to Virginia pine Pinus virginiana 10 to Virginia pine-oak Pinus virginiana-Quercus spp. 10 to 86] eastern cottonwood Populus deltoides 64] aspen-birch Populus tremuloides-Betula papyrifera 35-200 [18,86] quaking aspen (west of the Great Plains) Populus tremuloides 7-120 [3,35,56] mesquite Prosopis glandulosa 55,64] mesquite-buffalo grass Prosopis glandulosa-Buchloe dactyloides 64] black cherry-sugar maple Prunus serotina-Acer saccharum > 1000 [86] Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir* Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca 25-100 [3,4,5] coastal Douglas-fir* Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii 40-240 [3,58,67] California mixed evergreen Pseudotsuga menziesii var. m.-Lithocarpus densiflorus-Arbutus menziesii California oakwoods Quercus spp. 3] oak-hickory Quercus-Carya spp. 86] oak-juniper woodland (Southwest) Quercus-Juniperus spp. 64] northeastern oak-pine Quercus-Pinus spp. 10 to 86] oak-gum-cypress Quercus-Nyssa-spp.-Taxodium distichum 35 to > 200 [59] southeastern oak-pine Quercus-Pinus spp. 86] coast live oak Quercus agrifolia 3] white oak-black oak-northern red oak Quercus alba-Q. velutina-Q. rubra 86] canyon live oak Quercus chrysolepis blue oak-foothills pine Quercus douglasii-Pinus sabiniana 3] northern pin oak Quercus ellipsoidalis 86] Oregon white oak Quercus garryana 3] bear oak Quercus ilicifolia 86] California black oak Quercus kelloggii 5-30 [64] bur oak Quercus macrocarpa 86] oak savanna Quercus macrocarpa/Andropogon gerardii-Schizachyrium scoparium 2-14 [64,86] chestnut oak Q. prinus 3-8 northern red oak Quercus rubra 10 to post oak-blackjack oak Quercus stellata-Q. marilandica black oak Quercus velutina live oak Quercus virginiana 10 to86] interior live oak Quercus wislizenii 3] cabbage palmetto-slash pine Sabal palmetto-Pinus elliottii 59,86] blackland prairie Schizachyrium scoparium-Nassella leucotricha Fayette prairie Schizachyrium scoparium-Buchloe dactyloides little bluestem-grama prairie Schizachyrium scoparium-Bouteloua spp. 64] redwood Sequoia sempervirens 5-200 [3,28,76] western redcedar-western hemlock Thuja plicata-Tsuga heterophylla > 200 [3] eastern hemlock-yellow birch Tsuga canadensis-Betula alleghaniensis > 200 [86] western hemlock-Sitka spruce Tsuga heterophylla-Picea sitchensis > 200 [3] elm-ash-cottonwood Ulmus-Fraxinus-Populus spp. 18,86] *fire return interval varies widely; trends in variation are noted in the species summaryIn fire-adapted communities, periodic prescribed burns will presumably retard multiflora rose invasion and establishment [40,78], although descriptions of the use of prescribed fire for control of multiflora rose are lacking. In a review of management practices for multiflora rose, Evans [24] describes the use of prescribed fire to control Macartney rose (Rosa bracteata), another nonnative pasture species, indicating that multiflora rose may respond similarly. Macartney rose is top-killed by fire but quickly initiates regrowth, presumably by sprouting from rhizomes and/or root crowns.
While a single prescribed fire is unlikely to eradicate multiflora rose, periodic burning may control its spread and eventually reduce its presence. Any management activity that removes aboveground tissue, prevents seed production, and depletes energy reserves is likely to impact multiflora rose invasiveness, especially when conducted persistently. Periodic fire may also promote desirable native plants. Prescribed burning in Texas for controlling Macartney rose improved native grass yields, especially following winter burns [24].
Multiflora rose frequently colonizes roadsides, old fields, pastures, prairies, savannas, open woodlands, and forest edges, and may also invade dense forests where disturbance provides canopy gaps [19,40,78]. It is most productive in sunny areas with well-drained soils.
Multiflora rose is tolerant of a wide range of soil and environmental conditions, but is not found in standing water or in extremely dry areas. Its northern distribution is thought to be limited by intolerance to extreme cold temperatures, but specific information is lacking [40].
Impacts: Multiflora rose is clearly a serious pest plant in many areas of North America. It invades pasture areas, degrades forage quality, reduces grazing area and agricultural productivity and can cause severe eye and skin irritation in cattle [46,51]. Multiflora rose can spread rapidly, severely restricting access to pasture and recreational areas with "impenetrable thickets" [42,46,51,78]. Its characteristic dense growth of foliage and stems inhibits growth of competing native plants [42,78]. In a survey of federal wilderness managers, multiflora rose was mentioned as a "widely reported problem species" in Alabama, Arkansas, and Kentucky [53].
Detailed quantitative studies are needed to assess the impacts of multiflora rose on native ecosystems. Research that documents parameters such as rate of spread or species and numbers of native plants displaced would help in understanding how to manage areas where multiflora rose might be a problem.
Control: Controlling multiflora rose requires determined, persistent effort. Well-established populations are unlikely to be eradicated with a single treatment, regardless of method. Because seeds remain viable in soil for many years, and because new seeds may be continually imported by birds and other animals, effective management requires post-treatment monitoring and spot treatment as needed for an indeterminate time to prevent reinvasion [46].
For more information on multiflora rose control methods see Ohio State University Extension, Missouri Department of Conservation, Illinois Department of Natural Resources or West Virginia University Extension websites.
Prevention: Cultural practices that enhance vigor of desired plant species can create an environment less favorable for establishment of multiflora rose [37]. Mowing pastures several times per year will prevent seedling establishment. Avoiding overgrazing may also help prevent multiflora rose establishment (see grazing/browsing section below) [26].
Integrated management: No information
Physical/mechanical: Multiflora rose can be controlled by periodic mowing or cutting of individual plants. For pre-existing infestations, 3 to 6 mowings or cuttings per year, repeated for 2 to 4 years, is recommended. Painting or spraying cut stems with herbicides expedites control by killing root systems and preventing resprouting [78]. Another approach is to follow an initial mowing with foliar applied herbicide once plants have resprouted [46] (see chemical control section below). In high quality natural areas, cutting individual stems may be preferable to mowing, since repeated mowing might damage sensitive native plants. For large infestations, mowing may be preferable due to efficiency. Mowing equipment may be susceptible to frequent flat tires from multiflora rose thorns [78]. Periodic annual mowing can also prevent multiflora rose seedlings from becoming established [37]. Removal of entire plants may be feasible in high quality natural areas when populations are sparse enough. Removal of the entire root system is required to ensure no regrowth from suckering [40].
Fire: See Fire Management Considerations.
Biological: Multiflora rose is highly susceptible to rose rosette disease (RRD), which is transmitted by the eriophyid mite Phyllocoptes fructiphilus [1,2]. The virus-like agent that causes RRD remains of uncertain etiology as of this writing (2002). Symptoms include reddened, damaged foliage, shortened petioles (producing the telltale "rosette" appearance), severely reduced flowering and fruiting, and eventually, severely retarded apical growth. In general, smaller plants are killed by the disease within 2-3 years of initial symptoms, while larger, multi-crowned plants may survive for as long as 4-5 years. Plants growing in full sun appear to succumb more rapidly than shaded plants [21].
Multiflora rose is often severely impacted by RRD where their ranges overlap. The disease agent and the mite vector are native to North America [11]. RRD was first found on ornamental roses and Wood's rose, a common wild rose also native to western North America. RRD is currently expanding its range in the eastern United States, where multiflora rose is more common [2]. Based on field experiments, Amrine and Stasny [2] project that RRD "has the potential to eliminate over 90 % of the multiflora roses in areas of dense stands."
RRD can also be transmitted to healthy multiflora rose plants by grafting buds from symptomatic plants. This technique may be useful in augmenting natural dispersal of RRD to improve its effectiveness as a biological control agent against multiflora rose. Introducing a few infected grafts into relatively dense stands can potentially lead to widespread infection within a multiflora rose population. Graft-infected plants subsequently become colonized by mites, which in turn become vectors transmitting RRD to other plants within the augmented stand, as well as spreading the disease to other nearby populations [22,23].
The host range of RRD appears to be limited to multiflora rose and ornamental hybrid rose varieties [2]. RRD does not seem to adversely affect native North American roses, and tests of many important wild and cultivated fruit-producing species showed no apparent risk [2,23]. While RRD can infect ornamental roses, infected source plants (multiflora rose) located > 330 feet (100 m) away are unlikely to spread infectious agents to susceptible hybrid varieties [23].
Epstein and Hill [22] provide a more detailed review of the status of RRD as a biological control agent for multiflora rose.
Another potential biocontrol agent is the rose seed chalcid (Megastigmus aculeatus), a Japanese wasp that has become established in the eastern United States. The adult wasps oviposit into developing multiflora rose ovules, where larvae later consume seeds [2]. Surveys in North Carolina revealed an average of 62% of viable seed infested with larvae [61]. Colonization of new multiflora rose populations by the rose seed chalcid is apparently slow. Wasps are dispersed with the seed as eggs. Since many multiflora rose populations originated from cuttings, with no accompanying seed chalcid eggs, many recently established populations have not yet been infested. However, as the rose seed chalcid gradually spreads, it should begin to greatly impact multiflora rose populations in the eastern United States, especially when combined with the parallel effects of rose rosette disease [2]. The rose seed chalcid is probably not a factor in areas that experience severe cold, since the larvae overwinter in multiflora rose hips and are adversely affected [54].
Grazing/Browsing: Defoliation experiments indicate periodic browsing of foliage by livestock may effectively control multiflora rose [12]. Domestic sheep and goats will feed on leaves, new buds, and new shoots [46]. Foraging goats in pastures with severe multiflora rose infestations resulted in the virtual elimination of multiflora rose within 4 seasons. New shoots were observed during 2 subsequent seasons of no goat foraging, and these shoots were thought to be of both sprout and seed origin [52]. Cattle are much less effective in controlling multiflora rose [51]. While periodically foraging livestock in infested areas may be an effective control method, overgrazed pastures are presumably more susceptible to colonization from off-site seed sources [26].
Chemical: Where appropriate, herbicides may be an effective means of controlling multiflora rose, especially when used in combination with other methods. Below is a list of herbicides that have been tested and judged effective for controlling multiflora rose in North America, as well as a brief discussion of important considerations regarding their use. This is not intended as an exhaustive review of chemical control methods. For more information regarding appropriate use of herbicides against invasive plant species in natural areas, see The Nature Conservancy's Weed control methods handbook. For more information specific to herbicide use against multiflora rose, see Ohio State University Extension, Missouri Department of Conservation, or Pennsylvania State University Extension websites.
Chemical Considerations glyphosate [7,75,78] Glyphosate is recommended for "cut-stem" method [78]. It is a non-selective herbicide that kills most other plants that it contacts. It has low toxicity to animals and it rapidly binds to soil particles making it relatively immobile [79]. triclopyr [7,78,82] Triclopyr is recommended for "cut-stem" method [78]. It is also recommended for dormant-season basal bark treatment. It may volatilize when exposed to high temperatures (80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit (27- 29° C)) [46]. It is selective against dicots. The ester formulation of triclopyr can be persistent in aquatic environments and should not be applied in wetland habitats [79]. picloram [7,75,82] Picloram may be mobile in soil solution and can leach into nearby surface water [57,79]. It exhibits long residence time in the environment [79]. fosamine Fosamine only kills woody spp. [78]. It may be mobile in soil solution [79]. dicamba [78] Dicamba is selective against broadleaf vegetation. It is best applied during flowering and rapid growth (May-June) [78]. It is also recommended for dormant-season basal bark treatment [46]. Dicamba may volatilize when exposed to high temperatures (80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit (27- 29° C)) [46]. It is highly mobile in soil and may contaminate ground water [83]. dicamba + 2,4-D [82] See considerations for dicamba, above. metsulfuron [17,81] Persistence in soil varies widely, but degradation is most rapid under acidic, moist, and warm conditions [83].Foliar spraying is effective throughout the growing season as long as leaves are fully formed. Some herbicides may volatilize when temperatures exceed 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit (27- 29° C) and are best applied in early spring [46]. Some variation in herbicide effectiveness during different stages of the growing season has been observed, but is probably not related to differences in carbohydrate reserves [27].
Dormant season application is also effective, and further reduces nontarget mortality [78]. Basal bark treatment, applied to the lower 18 to 24 inches (46-61 cm) of the stem and onto the root crown, is a recommended chemical control method for dormant season application. Plants should be dormant and several weeks from bud break (usually January- March), and treatments should only be conducted when soil is not frozen, snow-covered, or water-saturated to avoid runoff [46]. Follow-up monitoring and retreatment during the subsequent growing season may be required to ensure effectiveness [37].
Cultural: No informationHips are consumed by many species of birds including grouse, ring-necked pheasants and wild turkeys [42,88], and are particularly sought after by cedar waxwings and American robins [24]. Leaves and hips are consumed by chipmunks, white-tailed deer, opossums, coyotes, black bears, beavers, snowshoe hares, skunks, and mice [20,42,62,74]. Leaves, twigs, bark and fruit are eaten by cottontail rabbits, particularly during fall and winter [42,47]. The hips of Rosa spp. are especially important as winter wildlife food, when other high-nutrition foods are unavailable [42].
Palatability/nutritional value: Nutritional Information for fruits (hips) of multiflora rose [15]:
Dry Matter
Cover value: Multiflora rose is used for cover during all times of year by cottontail rabbits, white-tailed deer, pheasants, and mice [36,42]. It is a preferred nesting site species for gray catbirds [43]. Southwestern willow flycatchers, a federally-listed endangered species, were observed nesting in multiflora rose in New Mexico [72].
Multiflora rose is found across many upland habitats in North America. As a consequence,
it may be associated with a variety of plant taxa, functional guilds and communities.
Multiflora rose is listed as a "characteristic shrub" of the successional
shrubland community-type in New York [66].
Multiflora rose frequency was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced following two consecutive early-spring burns at a prairie restoration site in east-central Illinois. The reduction in frequency occurred between postfire years 1 and 2. There was no description of specific fire effects [41].
The Research Project Summary Effects of experimental burning on understory plants in a temperate deciduous forest in Ohio provides information on prescribed fire and postfire response of plant community species, including multiflora rose, that was not available when this species review was written.
Breeding system: No information
Pollination: No information
Seed production: Individual plants may produce up to 500,000 seeds per year [40].
Seed dispersal: Most plants develop from seeds that fall relatively close to the parent plant [78]. Some seeds are dispersed by birds and mammals [24,26,88]. Hips remain on the plant and dry to a dense, leathery capsule [24,26,78].
Seed banking: Seeds may remain viable in the soil for 10 to 20 years, but detailed information on seed longevity is lacking [78].
Germination: Germination success may be enhanced by scarification from passing through bird digestive tracts [24].
Seedling establishment/growth: No information
Asexual regeneration: Multiflora rose reproduces asexually by root suckering and layering [24,46,63,78].
Multiflora rose is most commonly mentioned as a component of early-successional communities, such as in abandoned agricultural and pasture lands in the eastern U.S. For example, Foster and Gross [29] demonstrated how multiflora rose can gradually colonize abandoned agricultural fields in southwestern Michigan. Multiflora rose is an important component in early-successional communities of abandoned agricultural fields in New Jersey, particularly 14-22 years after abandonment [60].
Although descriptions of establishment ecology are absent from the literature, it seems apparent from sites where multiflora rose is present, that it is not limited to a specific successional stage. For example, the following table provides data on frequency of multiflora rose occurrence within sampled plots representing several different successional stages or habitats in a southeastern Pennsylvania natural area [68].
Habitat Description Frequency (% of plots containing multiflora rose) old field abandoned agricultural land, dominated by herbaceous and low shrub species 38% thicket old fields that have been densely colonized by small trees and shrubs 56% woodland even-age, 60-70 year-old early-seral forest 50% riparian forest 57% mature forest mixed mesophytic and mixed oak associations 17%In part because its seeds are bird dispersed, multiflora rose can colonize gaps in late-successional forests, even though these forests are thought to be relatively resistant to invasion by nonnative species [16]. However, without extensive or recurrent disturbance, multiflora rose is probably not a serious long-term invasion threat in mature forests. It will likely be shaded out by surrounding trees and shade-tolerant shrubs [42,68].
In addition to more research on establishment of multiflora rose, studies examining longevity of established colonies and their effects on succession of native communities would be valuable.
Rosa multiflora (lat. Rosa multiflora) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin itburnu cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Albaniya, Belçika, İngiltərə, Danimarka, Finlandiya, Fransa, İrlandiya, İsveçrə, İspaniya, Bosniya və Herseqovina, Monteneqro, Xorvatiya, Serbiya, Portuqaliya, Norveç, Polşa, Estoniya, Latviya və Litva, Rusiya, Belarus, Almaniya, Ukrayna, Gürcüstan, Ermənistan, Türkiyədə yayılmışdır. İlk dəfə Britaniya botaniki Ceyms Edvard Smit tərəfindən 1813-cü ildə təsvir edilmişdir.
Hündürlüyü 0,5-1,5 m olan, gövdəsi iynələrlə örtülmüş, yarpağı tökülən koldur. Yarpaqları mürəkkəb, oval və ya ellipsvari formalı, yumşaq, cüt dişli, boz-yaşıl rənglidir, alt tərəfi vəzicikli tükcüklərlə örtülmüşdür, növbəli yerləşir. Yarpaqların ətri qatranlıdır. İyun-iyulda çiçəkləyir. Çiçəkləri iri, tək və ya 2-3 ədəd çiçək qrupuna yığılmış, ləçəkləri dişli, rəngi çəhrayı və ya açıq bənövşəyidir. Meyvəsi vəzicikli-tükcüklü, şarşəkilli, qırmızı rəngli qozadır. Xromosomların sayı - 2n=28
Quru, qayalı yamaclarda, otlaqlarda, meşə kənarında rast gəlinir.
Naxçıvan MR-da təbii halda yayılmışdır.
Dekorativ bitki kimi becərilir. Meyvələrindən mürəbbə hazırlanır.
Rosa multiflora (lat. Rosa multiflora) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin itburnu cinsinə aid bitki növü.
La Rosa multiflora, coneguda vulgarment com a roser de garlanda,[2] garlanda,[2] garlandes[2] o roser de tot l’any,[2] és una espècie de rosa de la secció Synstylae, nadiua de l'est d'Àsia, de la Xina, Japó i Corea. Una altra rosa que prové d'aquesta zona és la Rosa rugosa amb la qual no s'ha de confondre. És un roser vigorós i molt florífer. Molts rosers enfiladissos i els rosers polyantha tenen aquesta espècie com a progenitora.
Es tracta d'un arbust enfiladís, que creix sobre d'altres plantes fins a una alçada d'entre 3 a 5 metres, amb tiges robustes plenes d'agullons corbats (a vegades absents). Les fulles, de 5 a 10 cm de longitud, són imparipinnades i estan compostes d'entre 5 a 9 folíols amb les estípules a la base del pecíol plomoses. Les flors són petites, d'1,5 a 4 cm de diàmetre, blanques o roses i agrupades en grans corimbes piramidals. Els estils estan soldats en una columna única, característica de la secció Synstylae. La floració comença a principis d'estiu, és a dir, de finals de juny al juliol a l'hemisferi nord. Els fruits són roigs o porpra quan maduren i fan uns 6 a 8 mm de diàmetre.
L'àrea d'origen d'aquesta espècie és l'Extrem Orient:
Al Japó se la coneix amb el nom de no-ibara, i és el roser salvatge més comú.[3]
S'ha introduït a tots els altres continents on s'ha naturalitzat : Illes Britàniques, Àfrica del Sud, Estats Units d'Amèrica, Canadà i Nova Zelanda. En alguns casos es comporta com una espècie invasiva.
La podem trobar en els boscos i a les vores dels cursos d'aigua, entre els tres-cents i els dos mil metres d'altitud. És una planta força prolífica que s'acomoda a condicions diferents de sòl i humitat.
La Rosa multiflora es cultiva com a planta ornamental i és tinguda com a l'espècie tipus de la classe de rosers enfiladissos. Es van crear moltes varietats i híbrids cap a finals del segle XIX i principis del XX especialment pels rosaristes alemanys, com ara J.C. Schmidt i R. Geschwind. Rosa multiflora també és usada com a peu d'empelt d'altres cultivars de roses ornamentals, ja que suporta els sòls àcids. Per a aquesta última aplicació normalment s'usen les varietats Rosa multiflora 'Japonica' i Rosa multiflora' Inermis'.[4] Es multiplica fàcilment per esqueixos.
A l'est de l'Amèrica del Nord, Rosa multiflora és considerada generalment com a una espècie invasiva, tot i que originalment va ser introduïda des de l'Àsia per a afavorir la conservació del sòl, per a ser usada com a tanca viva per als camps de pastura i per a atreure la vida salvatge. Es pot distingir fàcilment dels rosers americans nadius per les seves grans inflorescències, que duen múltiples flors i gavarrons sovint més d'una dotzena, mentre que les espècies americanes només contenen una algunes poques per branca. Aquesta capacitat invasora es deu a la seva capacitat d'adaptar-se a diferents condicions de llum, sòl i humitat i perquè les seves llavors són dispersades àmpliament pels ocells. Una vegada s'ha instal·lat forma creixements impenetrables que desplacen les espècies nadiues i augmenten el risc d'incendis. Per tant es tracta en alguns llocs com una mala herba nociva[5] especialment en zones de pastura, tot i que tenir la reputació de ser un ferratge excel·lent per a les cabres.
Existeixen moltes formes i varietats[6] tot i així només dues són acceptades per Flora of China:
D'altres descrites:
Híbrids propers a l'espècie:
Els rosers Polyantha (Rosa multiflora x Rosa chinensis) van ser obtinguts per primer cop per Jean-Baptiste Guillot:
La Rosa multiflora, coneguda vulgarment com a roser de garlanda, garlanda, garlandes o roser de tot l’any, és una espècie de rosa de la secció Synstylae, nadiua de l'est d'Àsia, de la Xina, Japó i Corea. Una altra rosa que prové d'aquesta zona és la Rosa rugosa amb la qual no s'ha de confondre. És un roser vigorós i molt florífer. Molts rosers enfiladissos i els rosers polyantha tenen aquesta espècie com a progenitora.
Planhigyn blodeuol sy'n frodorol o Hemisffer y Gogledd yw Rhosyn amlflodeuog sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Rosaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Rosa multiflora a'r enw Saesneg yw Many-flowered rose.[1] Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Rhosyn Lluosflod.
Mae'r teulu Rosaceae yn perthyn i'r genws Rosa (rhosyn) fel ag y mae'r cotoneaster a'r eirinen. Prif nodwedd y teulu yw ei ffrwythau amrywiol a phwysig i economi gwledydd.[2] Ceir 5 sepal, 5 petal ac mae'r briger wedi'u gosod mewn sbeiral sy'n ffurfio llestr tebyg i gwpan o'r enw hypanthiwm.
Planhigyn blodeuol sy'n frodorol o Hemisffer y Gogledd yw Rhosyn amlflodeuog sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Rosaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Rosa multiflora a'r enw Saesneg yw Many-flowered rose. Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Rhosyn Lluosflod.
Mae'r teulu Rosaceae yn perthyn i'r genws Rosa (rhosyn) fel ag y mae'r cotoneaster a'r eirinen. Prif nodwedd y teulu yw ei ffrwythau amrywiol a phwysig i economi gwledydd. Ceir 5 sepal, 5 petal ac mae'r briger wedi'u gosod mewn sbeiral sy'n ffurfio llestr tebyg i gwpan o'r enw hypanthiwm.
Růže mnohokvětá (Rosa multiflora Thunberg) je keř z čeledi růžovitých, zástupce rozsáhlého rodu růže, v jehož rámci se řadí do podrodu Rosa, sekce Synstylae. Popsána byla švédským botanikem Thunbergem v roce 1784, do Evropy byl tento druh růže přivezen patrně až v roce 1862. Je jednou z nejvýznamnějších introdukovaných růží užitých ke šlechtění kulturních růží. Jejími potomky je velká část tzv. pnoucích růží a pravděpodobně všechny tzv. polyantky (mnohokvěté záhonové růže).[1]
Opíravé liány nebo mohutné, gejzírovitě větvené keře s obloukovitě sehnutými, ostnitými větvemi. Vytváří šlahounovité výhony, dorůstající za rok až čtyř metrů. Ostny jsou jednotlivé, hákovité, slouží jako příchytky k podložce (stromu, skále). Nápadným znakem růže mnohokvěté jsou hřebínkovitě zpeřené palisty, vlastnost, která se zachovala po mnoho generací i u velkého počtu zahradních růží. Složené listy jsou sedmičetné.[2]
Květy jsou bílé, drobné, pouze 1-2 cm široké, jednoduché, ve velmi bohatých kuželovitých chocholících, příjemně vonící. Kališní cípy jsou chudě zpeřené, po odkvětu brzy opadávají; čnělky pestíků jsou srostlé v nápadný vystupující sloupek. Kvete v červnu a červenci. Šípky jsou malé, asi velikosti velkozrnného hrachu, kulovité, červené.
Pochází z oblasti východní Asie, Japonska, Číny a Koreje. V Evropě začala být pěstována až mezi lety 1865–1870. V České republice je pěstována přibližně od přelomu 19. a 20. století. Místy zplaňuje. Na jejím rozšiřování v zahradách a krajině se podílí ptactvo, pro které jsou drobné šípky vítanou potravou.
Růže mnohokvětá je velmi pohledná a snese rozmanité podmínky (mráz, výsluní, sucho, dobře roste i v polostínu a vlhku). Je vhodná jako solitéra, a to zejména pro větší plochy; hodí se také do skupin k plošnému ozelenění. Dobře se množí semenem, dřevitými řízky i hřížením.
Využívá se jako solitérní keř ve větších zahradách, na prostranství a v živých plotech. Jedna z linií, téměř bezostný klon, se využívá jako podnožová růže, oblíbená zvláště mezi švédskými školkaři. Ve Skandinávii se R. multiflora užívá jako podnož kulturních růží díky její značné odolnosti vůči nízkým teplotám. Šípky jsou využitelné ve floristice do zimních kytic a vazeb.[3]
Keř růže mnohokvěté
Keř v zimě
Šípky jsou potravou pro různé druhy ptactva
Detail květenství
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu růže mnohokvětá ve Wikimedia Commons
Růže mnohokvětá (Rosa multiflora Thunberg) je keř z čeledi růžovitých, zástupce rozsáhlého rodu růže, v jehož rámci se řadí do podrodu Rosa, sekce Synstylae. Popsána byla švédským botanikem Thunbergem v roce 1784, do Evropy byl tento druh růže přivezen patrně až v roce 1862. Je jednou z nejvýznamnějších introdukovaných růží užitých ke šlechtění kulturních růží. Jejími potomky je velká část tzv. pnoucích růží a pravděpodobně všechny tzv. polyantky (mnohokvěté záhonové růže).
Mangeblomstret rose er en stor, løvfældende busk med en åben og udbredt vækstform. Hovedgrenene har kun få sidegrene, og der findes kun ganske få torne på grenene (i hvert fald på planter fra de gængse frøkilder!). Mangeblomstret rose går først i blomstring, når skuddene når op over 1,5-2 meters højde. Planten bruges som grundstamme for næsten alle de højt forædlede rosensorter.
Barken er først lysegrøn og glat. Senere bliver den brun til rødbrun, og til sidst er barken svagt opsprækkende og lysebrun. Knopperne er spredte, kegleformede, spidse og brun-grønne i farven.
Bladene er uligefinnede med ægformede småblade. Bladrandene er savtakkede, og over- og underside har samme, lysegrønne farve. Oversiden er dog samtidig den mest blanke. Blomsterne sidder samlet i rigtblomstrende, endestillede toppe. De enkelte blomster er flødehvide med en behagelig, krydret rosenduft. Hybenerne er ganske små, orangefarvede og ægformede. Frøene modner godt og spirer villigt.
Rodnettet er kraftigt, men kun svagt forgrenet. Det når både langt ned og vidt ud i jorden. Busken fremkalder jordtræthed. Planten bruges som grundstamme for næsten alle de højt forædlede rosensorter. Vildskud hos disse er altså lig skud fra mangeblomstret rose.
Højde x bredde og årlig tilvækst: 3 x 3 m (60 x 60 cm/år).
Mangeblomstret rose danner krat og skovbryn på svagt sur jord på Sakhalin-øen, i Manchuriet, Korea, Japan og i Kina.
I nogle floddale ved Tunguancun, ca. 130 km nord for Lijiang, i den nordvestlige del af Yunnan-provinsen vokser arten i krat og skovbryn sammen med bl.a. armandfyr, Coriaria nepalensis (en art af garvebusk), høstanemone, kinesisk hundetunge, Lespedeza chinensis (en art af kløverbusk), skovhullæbe og yunnanfyr[1]
Mangeblomstret rose er en stor, løvfældende busk med en åben og udbredt vækstform. Hovedgrenene har kun få sidegrene, og der findes kun ganske få torne på grenene (i hvert fald på planter fra de gængse frøkilder!). Mangeblomstret rose går først i blomstring, når skuddene når op over 1,5-2 meters højde. Planten bruges som grundstamme for næsten alle de højt forædlede rosensorter.
Die Büschel-Rose (Rosa multiflora),[1] auch Vielblütige Rose, Rispen-Rose oder auch Polyantha-Rose genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Rosen (Rosa) innerhalb der Familie der Rosengewächse (Rosaceae). Sie stammt aus Ostasien.
Die Büschel-Rose ist ein breitwüchsiger Strauch, der Wuchshöhen von bis 3 Metern erreicht und auch bis zu 5 Meter hoch klettern kann. Die relativ dünnen Zweige sind rötlich oder bräunlich grün, sie neigen sich sehr bald über, und sie treiben bei Bodenberührung Wurzeln aus, es sind nur wenige Stacheln oder sie fehlen ganz.[2]
Die wechselständig angeordneten Laubblätter sind in Blattstiel sowie Blattspreite gegliedert. Die unpaarig gefiederte Blattspreite ist 5 bis 10 Zentimeter lang und besitzt meist sieben oder neun Blättchen. Die Fiederblättchen sind bei einer Länge von 1,5 bis 5 Zentimetern verkehrt-eiförmig bis elliptisch mit spitzem, zugespitzten oder stumpfem oberen Ende, gesägt, oberseits glänzend grün, unterseits mattgrün und meist behaart. Die Nebenblätter sind auffällig kammförmig zerschlitzt.[2]
Die Blütezeit liegt im Juni bis Juli. Am vorjährigen Holz stehen in großen kegelförmigen rispigen Blütenständen bis zu 500 Blüten. Tragblätter fehlen meist. Die mit einem Durchmesser von 1 bis 2 Zentimetern relativ kleinen, nach Honig duftenden Blüten sind radiärsymmetrisch und fünfzählig mit doppelter Blütenhülle. Die Kelchblätter sind eiförmig, gefiedert, auf der Rückseite drüsenborstig, nach der Blüte zurückgeschlagen und hinfällig. Die fünf freien Kronblätter sind weiß. Die Griffel sind lang und zu einer Säule verwachsen.[2]
Die bei Reife orangefarbene bis rote Hagebutte ist bei einem Durchmesser von 5 bis 7 Millimeter relativ klein und verkehrt-eiförmig bis kugelig.[2]
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 14, seltener 21.[3]
Rosa multiflora ist in Ostasien verbreitet: Japan, China, Taiwan und Korea.
In Deutschland wächst die Büschel-Rose invasiv v. a. entlang von Bahnstrecken.
Die Erstveröffentlichung von Rosa multiflora erfolgte 1784 durch Carl Peter Thunberg. Das Artepitheton multiflora ist vom lateinischen multiflora für vielblütig abgeleitet. Synonyme von Rosa multiflora Thunb. sind: Rosa polyantha Siebold & Zucc., Rosa quelpaertensis H.Lév., Rosa mokanensis var. quelpaertensis (H.Lév.) E.Willm., Rosa multiflora var. adenophylla Franch. & Sav., Rosa multiflora var. hiburiensis Uyeki, Rosa multiflora var. legitima Regel, Rosa multiflora var. microphylla Franch. & Sav., Rosa multiflora Thunb. var. multiflora, Rosa polyantha var. erubescens Nakai, Rosa polyantha var. glabrescens Honda, Rosa polyantha var. glabrifoliolata (Uyeki) Honda, Rosa polyantha var. hiburiensis (Uyeki) Honda, Rosa polyantha var. inermis Hisauti, Rosa polyantha var. pilosissima Nakai ex T.Kawamoto, Rosa polyantha var. quelpaertensis (H.Lév.) Nakai.
Die Wildrose Rosa multiflora wird häufig als Unterlage für Rambler-Rosen und andere büschelblütige Rosen verwendet, weil ihre Stecklinge sich leicht bewurzeln. Sie bildet leicht Hybriden und wurde in viele Gartenrosen eingekreuzt. Besonders ihre Eigenschaft, viele Blüten in Büscheln hervorzubringen, ist in der Rosenzüchtung gefragt. Eine Sorte ist Rosa multiflora 'Carnea' mit hohem Wuchs und kleinen, gefüllten zartrosa Blüten.
Als Bienenweide ist Rosa multiflora wertvoll. Ihre kleinen Früchte werden selten verwertet. Rosa multiflora ist winterhart bis −29 °C (USDA-Zone 5), raschwüchsig und gut für Heckenpflanzung geeignet.
Die Büschel-Rose (Rosa multiflora), auch Vielblütige Rose, Rispen-Rose oder auch Polyantha-Rose genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Rosen (Rosa) innerhalb der Familie der Rosengewächse (Rosaceae). Sie stammt aus Ostasien.
Rosa multiflora — (syn. Rosa polyantha)[2] is a species of rose known commonly as multiflora rose,[3] baby rose,[3] Japanese rose,[3] many-flowered rose,[3] seven-sisters rose,[3] Eijitsu rose and rambler rose. It is native to eastern Asia, in China, Japan, and Korea. It should not be confused with Rosa rugosa, which is also known as "Japanese rose", or with polyantha roses which are garden cultivars derived from hybrids of R. multiflora. It was introduced to North America, where it is regarded as an invasive species.
It is a scrambling shrub climbing over other plants to a height of 3–5 m (9 ft 10 in – 16 ft 5 in), with stout stems with recurved prickles (sometimes absent). The leaves are 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long, compound, with 5–9 leaflets and feathered stipules. The flowers are produced in large corymbs, each flower small, 1.5–4 cm (5⁄8–1+5⁄8 in) diameter, white or pink, borne in early summer. The hips are reddish to purple, 6–8 mm (15⁄64–5⁄16 in) diameter.
Two varieties are accepted by the Flora of China:[4]
Rosa multiflora is grown as an ornamental plant and also used as a rootstock for grafted ornamental rose cultivars.
In eastern North America, Rosa multiflora is considered an invasive species. It was originally introduced from Asia as a soil conservation measure, as a natural hedge to border grazing land, and to attract wildlife. It is readily distinguished from American native roses by its large inflorescences, which bear multiple flowers and hips, often more than a dozen, while the American species bear only one or a few on a branch.
In some regions the plant is classified as a noxious weed.[5] In grazing areas, it is generally considered to be a serious pest, though it is considered excellent fodder for goats.
The hips of the plant are edible.[6]
The targeted removal of multiflora rose often requires an aggressive technique, such as the full removal of the plant in addition to the root structure. Pruning and cutting back of the plant often leads to re-sprouting. Two natural biological controls include the rose rosette disease and the rose seed chalid (Megastigmus aculeastus var. nigroflavus).[7] Patches of introduced multiflora rose in Pennsylvania are displaying symptoms of rose rosette disease, which can lead to decline and death.[8]
Hips (fruits)
.jpg)
var. cathayensis
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online Rosa multiflora — (syn. Rosa polyantha) is a species of rose known commonly as multiflora rose, baby rose, Japanese rose, many-flowered rose, seven-sisters rose, Eijitsu rose and rambler rose. It is native to eastern Asia, in China, Japan, and Korea. It should not be confused with Rosa rugosa, which is also known as "Japanese rose", or with polyantha roses which are garden cultivars derived from hybrids of R. multiflora. It was introduced to North America, where it is regarded as an invasive species.
La multflora rozo (Rosa multiflora),[1] estas plantspecio el la genro rozo (Rosa) ene de la familio de la rozacoj (Rosaceae). Ĝi originas el Orientazio.
La multflora rozo estas larĝe kreskanta arbusto kun kreskoalto de ĝis 2 metroj kaj kiu povas grimpi ĝis kvin metrojn. La relative maldikaj branĉoj estas ruĝecaj aŭ brune verdaj. Ili baldaŭ fleksiĝis teren kaj kreskas radikoj, kiam la branĉo havas grundkontakton. La planto havas nur malmultajn pikaĵojn. Ofte ili tute mankas.
La alternesidantaj folioj havas longecon de 5-10 cm, la plej ofte 7-9 folietojn estas kontraŭe ovformaj ĝis eliptaj, 1,5-5 cm longaj, pintaj aŭ obtuzaj, segildentaj kaj surface brile verdaj. La malsupra surfaco de la folioj estas malbrile verdaj kaj plej ofte haraj. La stipuloj estas rimarkeble krestoforme disigitaj.
La floroj estas 1,5-2 cm larĝaj, staras multope en grandaj, konusformaj panikloj kaj odoras kiel mielo. La korolo estas blanka, brakteoj mankas. La pistiloj estas longaj kaj kunkreskintaj al kolono. La spaloj estas ovformaj, plumaj sur la dorsflanko glandhavaj kaj forfalas post florado.
La flortempo estas de junio ĝis julio.
La rozfruktoj estas kontraŭe ovformaj ĝis globaj, 5 mm dikaj, oranĝkoloraj ĝis ruĝaj.
Rosa multiflora venas el Orientazio: Japanio, Ĉinio, Tajvano kaj Koreio.
La unua priskribo de Rosa multiflora estis el la jaro 1784 fare de Carl Peter Thunberg. La apecietiteto multiflora estas el la latina kaj signifas „havante multajn florojn“. sinonimoj de Rosa multiflora THUNB. estas: Rosa polyantha SIEBOLD & ZUCC., Rosa quelpaertensis H.LÉV., Rosa mokanensis var. quelpaertensis (H.LÉV.) E.WILLM., Rosa multiflora var. adenophylla FRANCH. & SAV., Rosa multiflora var. hiburiensis UYEKI, Rosa multiflora var. legitima REGEL, Rosa multiflora var. microphylla FRANCH. & SAV., Rosa multiflora THUN. var. multiflora, Rosa polyantha var. erubescens NAKAI, Rosa polyantha var. glabrescens HONDA, Rosa polyantha var. glabrifoliolata (UYEKI) HONDA, Rosa polyantha var. hiburiensis (UYEKI) HONDA, Rosa polyantha var. inermis HISAUTI, Rosa polyantha var. pilosissima NAKAI EX T.KAWAMOTO, Rosa polyantha var. quelpaertensis (H.LÉV.) NAKAI.
La sovaĝa rozo Rosa multiflora estas uzata kiel baztrunko por Rambler-rozo kaj aliaj faskoj rozoj, ĉar iliaj stikaĵo rapide radikiĝas. La rozo facile faras hibridojn kaj estis enkrucitaj en multajn ĝardenrozojn. Speciale valora estas ĝia eco krei multajn florojn. Kulturvario estas Rosa multiflora 'Carnea' kun alta kresko kaj mlgrandaj plenaj delikate roseaj floroj.
Kiel abelpaŝtejo Rosa multiflora estas valora. Iliaj malgrandaj fruktoj apenaŭ estas uzataj. Rosa multiflora estas vintrorezista ĝis −29 °C (USDA-zono 5), rapide kreskanta kaj taŭga por heĝoj.
La multflora rozo (Rosa multiflora), estas plantspecio el la genro rozo (Rosa) ene de la familio de la rozacoj (Rosaceae). Ĝi originas el Orientazio.
Rosa multiflora (rosa bebé, rosa vagabunda) es una especie de rosa nativa del este de Asia, en China, Japón, Corea.
Es un arbusto ascendente trepador sobre otras plantas hasta 3-5 m, con sólidas ramas sarmentosas, y con espinas recurvadas (a veces ausentes). Hojas 5-10 cm de largo, compuestas, con 5-9 folíolos ovales, dentados, opacos, generalmente aterciopelados; y estípulas correosas. Flores producidas en grandes corimbos, cada flor pequeña, 1,5-4 cm de diámetro, blanca o rosa, estambres amarillos, flores reunidas en racimos piramidales. En la variedad "plena": flores dobles; fructifica temprano en el verano. Los escaramujos son rojizos a purpúreos, de 6-8 mm de diámetro.
Dos variedades se aceptan en Flora de China:
Rosa multiflora crece como planta ornamental, y también se usa como portainjerto para injertar cultivares de rosas ornamentales.
En el este de Norteamérica, Rosa multiflora es considerada una especie invasora, aunque originalmente fue plantada como antierosión en conservación del suelo, y para atraer vida silvestre. Se la distingue de las rosas nativas americanas por sus grandes inflorescencias, dando múltiples flores y escaramujos, a veces más de una docena, mientras las spp. americanas dan solo una o pocas por rama.
Algunos clasifican a Rosa multiflora como "maleza".[1] En áreas de pastoraje, esta rosa es generalmente considerada como una seria peste, aunque es un excelente forraje para ovejas.
Rosa multiflora fue descrita por Carl Peter Thunberg y publicado en Systema Vegetabilium. Editio decima quarta 474. 1784.[2]
Rosa: nombre genérico que proviene directamente y sin cambios del latín rosa que deriva a su vez del griego antiguo rhódon,, con el significado que conocemos: «la rosa» o «la flor del rosal»
multiflora: epíteto latíno que significa "con muchas flores".[3]
Rosa multiflora (rosa bebé, rosa vagabunda) es una especie de rosa nativa del este de Asia, en China, Japón, Corea.
Le rosier multiflore (Rosa multiflora) est une espèce de rosier très vigoureuse et très florifère, classée dans la section des Synstylae, originaire d'Extrême-Orient (Chine, Taïwan, Japon et Corée). Cette espèce est à l'origine de nombreuses formes de rosiers grimpants et de la classe des Polyanthas.
Il en existe de très nombreuses formes et variétés[1] dont :
C'est un arbuste grimpant sur les autres plantes jusqu'à une hauteur de 3 à 5 mètres, aux tiges robustes munies d'aiguillons recourbés (parfois absents).
Les feuilles, de 5 à 10 cm de long, imparipennées, sont composées de 5 à 9 folioles et portent à la base du pétiole des stipules plumeuses.
Les fleurs, petites (de 1,5 à 4 cm de diamètre), blanches ou roses, sont regroupées en grands corymbes pyramidaux. Les styles sont soudés en une colonne unique, caractéristique de la section des Synstylae. La floraison a lieu au début de l'été, c'est-à-dire fin juin et juillet dans l'hémisphère nord.
Les fruits, rouge à pourpre à maturité, ont 6 à 8 mm de diamètre.
L'aire d'origine de cette espèce se situe en Extrême-Orient :
C'est au Japon, où il est connu sous le nom de no-ibara, le rosier sauvage le plus commun[2].
Elle s'est largement naturalisée dans tous les continents : Îles Britanniques, Afrique du Sud, États-Unis et Canada, Nouvelle-Zélande, se comportant parfois comme une plante envahissante.
On la rencontre dans les forêts et sur les rives de cours d'eau entre trois cents et deux mille mètres d'altitude. c'est une plante très prolifique qui s'accommode de conditions très variées de sol et d'humidité.
Rosa multiflora est cultivé comme plante ornementale et est considéré comme le type de la classe des « rosiers multiflores grimpants ». De nombreuses variétés ou hybrides ont été créés à la fin du XIXe siècle et dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, notamment par des rosiéristes allemands tels que J.C. Schmidt et R. Geschwind.
Il sert également de porte-greffe car il supporte les sols acides, pour la reproduction par greffage de cultivars de rosiers améliorés. On utilise notamment à cet effet les variétés Rosa multiflora 'Japonica' et Rosa multiflora' Inermis'[3].
Il se multiplie facilement par boutures.
Dans l'est de l'Amérique du Nord, le rosier multiflore est devenu une plante envahissante, alors qu'il avait été introduit à l'origine comme mesure pour la conservation des sols et pour favoriser la faune sauvage. Il est facile à distinguer des rosiers indigènes américains grâce à ses grandes inflorescences, qui portent de nombreuses fleurs ou fruits, souvent plus d'une douzaine, tandis que les espèces américaines n'en portent qu'une ou quelques-unes par branche.
Avec le temps, cette plante est devenue un problème écologique grave à cause de sa capacité à pousser dans des conditions variées de lumière, de sol et d'humidité, et parce que ses graines sont largement diffusées par les oiseaux. Une fois installée, elle forme des fourrés presque impénétrables qui se substituent aux plantes indigènes et créent un risque d'incendie dans les régions sauvages. En certains endroits des États-Unis, on a classé le rosier multiflore comme « mauvaise herbe nuisible »[4]. Dans les régions de pâturage, ce rosier est généralement considéré comme une véritable peste, bien qu'il puisse être brouté par les chèvres.
Variétés
Hybrides proches du type de l'espèce :
Les rosiers polyantha (Rosa multiflora × Rosa chinensis) dont les premiers sont obtenus par Jean-Baptiste Guillot : en 1875 'Pâquerette' à fleurs blanches, puis en 1880 'Mignonnette', à fleurs roses et en 1887 'Gloire des Polyanthas'[6],
Le rosier multiflore (Rosa multiflora) est une espèce de rosier très vigoureuse et très florifère, classée dans la section des Synstylae, originaire d'Extrême-Orient (Chine, Taïwan, Japon et Corée). Cette espèce est à l'origine de nombreuses formes de rosiers grimpants et de la classe des Polyanthas.
Il en existe de très nombreuses formes et variétés dont :
Rosa multiflora var. adenochaeta (Koidz.) Ohwi ex H.Ohba, à fleurs simples, roses, Rosa multiflora var. alboplena Te T.Yu & T.C.Ku, à fleurs doubles blanches, Rosa multiflora var. carnea Redouté & Thory, à fleurs doubles roses, Rosa multiflora var. cathayensis Rehder & E.H.Wilson, à fleurs blanches jusqu'à 4 cm de diamètre, Rosa multiflora var. multiflora, à fleurs blanches de 1,5 à 2 cm de diamètre, Rosa multiflora var. plena Regel, Rosa multiflora var. watsoniana (Crép.) Matsum. Rosa cathayensis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) L.H.Bailey Rosa ×floribunda hort. ex Andrews Rosa polyantha Siebold & Zucc. (synonyme de la variété Rosa multiflora var multiflora).Róża wielokwiatowa (Rosa multiflora Thunb.) – gatunek krzewu z rodziny różowatych. Pochodzi ze wschodniej Azji (Chiny, Korea i Japonia), ale rozprzestrzenił się jako gatunek zawleczony w Australii i Nowej Zelandii, Ameryce Północnej i Afryce[2]. Jest uprawiany na obszarach umiarkowanych i ciepłych półkuli północnej, także w Polsce.
Gatunek ten odznacza się dużą zmiennością, toteż istnieją liczne jego formy. W szkółkach, które rozmnażają pierwotny gatunek, znane są np. sporty (spontaniczne mutacje) bardzo kolczaste lub całkowicie pozbawione kolców.
Róża wielokwiatowa (Rosa multiflora Thunb.) – gatunek krzewu z rodziny różowatych. Pochodzi ze wschodniej Azji (Chiny, Korea i Japonia), ale rozprzestrzenił się jako gatunek zawleczony w Australii i Nowej Zelandii, Ameryce Północnej i Afryce. Jest uprawiany na obszarach umiarkowanych i ciepłych półkuli północnej, także w Polsce.
Rosa multiflora é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Rosaceae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é Thunb., tendo sido publicada em Systemat Vegetabilium. Editio decima quarta 474. 1784.
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente no Arquipélago da Madeira.
Em termos de naturalidade é introduzida na região atrás indicada.
Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.
Rosa multiflora é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Rosaceae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é Thunb., tendo sido publicada em Systemat Vegetabilium. Editio decima quarta 474. 1784.
Japansk klätterros (Rosa multiflora), är en art i familjen rosväxter som förekommer i Kina, Korea och Japan. Numera finns arten förvildad på många andra platser, bl a i Sverige.
Arten är en storvuxen buske med bågböjda grenar, ofta klättrande. Grenarna är gröna till brunröda, ofta utan taggar eller med ett par taggar vid bladfästena. Bladen blir 5–10 cm långa och är parbladiga med 3-9 småblad som är smalt elliptiska. Stiplerna är stora och ihopvuxna med bladskaftet, kanten är fransig och har långa körtelhår. Blommorna sitter få till många i greninga kvastar och har en fruktlik doft. De blir 1,5 till 4 cm i diameter. Foderbladen är korta och blir senare böjda mot nyponet. Kronbladen är rundade, vita till rosa. Nyponen 6–8 mm i diameter, rödbruna till purpurbruna, nästan runda, glänsande och kala.
Artepitetet multiflora (lat.) betyder mångblommig.
Dessa selektioner av japansk klätterros förs numera oftast till multiflorarosor (Rosa Multiflora-gruppen).
var. multiflora
var. adenochaeta (Koidz.) Ohwi ex H.Ohba, 1953
var. cathayensis Rehder & Wilson
var. quelpaertensis (H.Léveillé) Nakai, 1914
Japansk klätterros (Rosa multiflora), är en art i familjen rosväxter som förekommer i Kina, Korea och Japan. Numera finns arten förvildad på många andra platser, bl a i Sverige.
Arten är en storvuxen buske med bågböjda grenar, ofta klättrande. Grenarna är gröna till brunröda, ofta utan taggar eller med ett par taggar vid bladfästena. Bladen blir 5–10 cm långa och är parbladiga med 3-9 småblad som är smalt elliptiska. Stiplerna är stora och ihopvuxna med bladskaftet, kanten är fransig och har långa körtelhår. Blommorna sitter få till många i greninga kvastar och har en fruktlik doft. De blir 1,5 till 4 cm i diameter. Foderbladen är korta och blir senare böjda mot nyponet. Kronbladen är rundade, vita till rosa. Nyponen 6–8 mm i diameter, rödbruna till purpurbruna, nästan runda, glänsande och kala.
var. multiflora - blommorna blir 1,5–2 cm vida och har vanligen vita kronblad (Korea, Taiwan och Japan). var. adenochaeta - har glandelhåriga grenar och skaft, blommorna är rosa, 1,5–2 cm vida (Japan). var. cathayensis - blommorna blir till 4 cm i diameter och är vanligen blekt rosa (Kina). var. quelpaertensis - beskrivning saknas (Korea).Artepitetet multiflora (lat.) betyder mångblommig.
Tường vi (danh pháp khoa học:Rosa multiflora) hay còn nhiều tên gọi khác như tầm xuân nhiều hoa, hồng nhiều hoa, tường vi Nhật, dã tường vi[1] là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa hồng. Tên gọi tường vi thường xuyên bị nhầm lẫn với một loài hoa khác là tử vi[2]
Tường vi là loài hoa hồng bản địa của Đông Á mặc dù hoa hồng không có nguồn gốc từ châu Á. Loài hoa này xuất hiện nhiều ở Trung Quốc (tường vi là tên gọi trong tiếng Hán), Nhật Bản, Ấn Độ. Ở Việt Nam, hoa được trồng tại Hà Nội và Đà Lạt.
Tường vi là cây bụi cao 1–2 m; nhánh nâu đậm, gai cong. Lá mang 5-9 lá chét bầu dục, dài 1,5–3 cm, rộng 0,8–2 cm, chóp tù, gốc tròn, gân bên 8-10 đôi, mép có răng nằm; cuống bên 1-1,5m; lá kèm có rìa lông và dính trọn vào cuống. Chùy ở ngọn nhánh; hoa rộng 3 cm, cánh hoa 1x1,5 cm, màu trắng, có hương thơm. Quả giả đen hoặc đỏ, nhăn, tròn, dài 7–8 mm.[3]
Cây mọc hoang ở các bụi cây thứ sinh vùng thấp và được trồng làm cây cảnh. Ra hoa tháng 2 đến tháng 5, có quả tháng 9 đến tháng 12.
Tầm xuân nhiều hoa được trồng như một loại cây cảnh, và cũng được sử dụng như một gốc ghép để ghép giống hoa hồng trang trí. Ở vùng Đông Bắc Mỹ, tầm xuân nhiều hoa hiện nay thường được coi là một loài xâm lấn, mặc dù nó đã được du nhập từ châu Á như một biện pháp bảo vệ đất, với mục đích tạo ra một hàng rào tự nhiên để đánh dấu khu vực chăn nuôi và thu hút động vật hoang dã. Tầm xuân nhiều hoa có một điểm dễ phân biệt với hoa hồng bản địa Mỹ bởi cụm hoa lớn của nó và mật độ dày đặc của hoa và quả, thường hơn một chục, trong khi các loài hoa hồng Mỹ chỉ có một hoặc một vài hoa trên một cành.
Ở một số nơi người ta phân loại dã tường vi là "cỏ dại gây hại".[4] Trong khu vực chăn thả gia súc, hoa hồng này thường được coi là một loài gây hại nghiêm trọng, mặc dù nó là thức ăn rất tốt cho dê.
Quả thường được dùng để chữa phong thấp nhức mỏi, kinh nguyệt không đều, hành kinh đau bụng. Ở Trung Quốc, rễ được dùng chữa chảy máu cam, phong thấp, bán thân bất toại, rễ tươi chữa đái dầm, người già đi tiểu nhiều lần. Lá dùng chữa thủng độc, mụn nhọt. Hoa trị nóng ngực oi bức và tâm phiền miệng khát.[5]
Tường vi (danh pháp khoa học:Rosa multiflora) hay còn nhiều tên gọi khác như tầm xuân nhiều hoa, hồng nhiều hoa, tường vi Nhật, dã tường vi là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa hồng. Tên gọi tường vi thường xuyên bị nhầm lẫn với một loài hoa khác là tử vi
Кустарник с длинными лазающими ветвями.
Побеги длинные (до 3 метров), кора коричневая или красновато-зеленая; молодые побеги слабоволосистые.
Шипы парные, крючковидно изогнутые, до 6 мм.
Листья длиной 4,5—10 см с 5—7 эллиптическими или обратнояйцевидными листочками, длиной 2-3 см, зубчатыми, сверху голыми, снизу опушенными, чаще без желёзок. Прилистники узкие с глубокими надрезами.
Соцветия пирамидально-метельчатые, многоцветковые.
Цветки 1,5—2 см в диаметре без запаха или со слабым ароматом корицы.
Лепестки белые или розовые, узкие; чашелистики короткие, остроконечные, с 1—3 боковыми перьями, отклоняющиеся при плодах книзу и рано опадающие.
Цветоножки опушённые, иногда с щетинками, длиной 0,5—1,5 см[4].
Плоды эллиптические, гладкие, тёмно-красные, около 1 см в диаметре. Орешки светло-коричневые, не опушённые, мелкие, треугольной формы, с одной стороны выпуклые, с другой прямые, на выпуклой стороне имеется четыре грани, поверхность шероховатая[5].
Цветет в начале лета, в течение 30 дней. Наиболее обильное цветение наблюдается у растений растущих на солнечных местах[6].
Выращивается как декоративное растение, а также используется в качестве подвоя для привитых роз декоративных сортов.
Как декоративное растение шиповник многоцветковый в 1868 году интродуцирован в СССР в Европейской части, Крыму и на Кавказе, Средней Азии и на Дальнем Востоке[4].
В ГБС с 1952 года выращивается 7 экземпляров. В 43 года высота 1,4 м, длина плети до 280 см. Вегетирует с середины апреля до октября. Темп роста высокий. Цветет в июне-июле. Плодоносит с 4 лет, плоды созревают в ноябре. Зимостойкость низкая. Всхожесть семян 47 %. Укореняется 4 % черенков при обработке фитоном.
Шиповник многоцветковый светолюбив, к почвам не требователен. В период цветения и осенью растения отличаются высокой декоративностью[6].
Зоны морозостойкости (USDA-зоны): от 4b (−28.9 °C… −31.7 °C) до более тёплых[2].
Кустарник с длинными лазающими ветвями.
Побеги длинные (до 3 метров), кора коричневая или красновато-зеленая; молодые побеги слабоволосистые.
Шипы парные, крючковидно изогнутые, до 6 мм.
Листья длиной 4,5—10 см с 5—7 эллиптическими или обратнояйцевидными листочками, длиной 2-3 см, зубчатыми, сверху голыми, снизу опушенными, чаще без желёзок. Прилистники узкие с глубокими надрезами.
Соцветия пирамидально-метельчатые, многоцветковые.
Цветки 1,5—2 см в диаметре без запаха или со слабым ароматом корицы.
Лепестки белые или розовые, узкие; чашелистики короткие, остроконечные, с 1—3 боковыми перьями, отклоняющиеся при плодах книзу и рано опадающие.
Цветоножки опушённые, иногда с щетинками, длиной 0,5—1,5 см.
Плоды эллиптические, гладкие, тёмно-красные, около 1 см в диаметре. Орешки светло-коричневые, не опушённые, мелкие, треугольной формы, с одной стороны выпуклые, с другой прямые, на выпуклой стороне имеется четыре грани, поверхность шероховатая.
Цветет в начале лета, в течение 30 дней. Наиболее обильное цветение наблюдается у растений растущих на солнечных местах.
薔薇（學名：Rosa multiflora），又称野蔷薇，是一種蔓藤爬籬笆的小花，耐寒，有野生的，可以藥用。英語Multiflora Rose、Baby Rose、Rambler Rose。
英國歷史上的紅白薔薇（玫瑰）戰爭（Wars of the Roses）就是因為戰爭雙方兩個家族的族徽分別為紅薔薇（玫瑰）和白薔薇（玫瑰），在歐洲諸語言中，薔薇、玫瑰、月季等中文植物詞彙對映歐洲各語言都是使用同一個詞，如英語是rose，德語是alive Rose。
薔薇屬約有150個原種和數千個品種，原產於整個北半球的各種生存環境，除少數種類外，多數栽培種類都耐寒。 中國植物誌薔薇屬中:[1]
月季、薔薇及玫瑰類之薔薇屬植物的花色幾乎包含了太陽光譜中的所有顏色，僅純藍色除外（現已有日本基改玫瑰達成）。有些種類有強烈的芳香，有突厥薔薇的濃烈香味，也有麝香和香料般的芳香。少數薔薇具有觀賞性的刺。葉也具有裝飾效果，紫葉薔薇柔和的灰紫色和白薔薇的藍綠色葉都成為深紅色和紫色花朵的完美襯托。
「薔薇」在現今ACG用語中，意近於BL，名稱源自於一本名為「薔薇族」的雜誌，有部分人是會誤認為源自於日文「薔薇」的羅馬拼音縮寫與BL相近（薔薇日語「バラ」的羅馬拼音為Ba-La）。
薔薇（學名：Rosa multiflora），又称野蔷薇，是一種蔓藤爬籬笆的小花，耐寒，有野生的，可以藥用。英語Multiflora Rose、Baby Rose、Rambler Rose。
英國歷史上的紅白薔薇（玫瑰）戰爭（Wars of the Roses）就是因為戰爭雙方兩個家族的族徽分別為紅薔薇（玫瑰）和白薔薇（玫瑰），在歐洲諸語言中，薔薇、玫瑰、月季等中文植物詞彙對映歐洲各語言都是使用同一個詞，如英語是rose，德語是alive Rose。
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ノイバラ（野茨、学名：Rosa multiflora）は、バラ科の落葉性のつる性低木。日本のノバラの代表的な種。沖縄以外の日本各地の山野に多く自生する。ノバラ（野薔薇）ともいう。
高さは2mぐらいになる。葉は奇数羽状複葉で、小葉数は7-9、長さは10cmほど。小葉は楕円形、細かい鋸歯があり、表面に艶がない。
花期は5～6月。枝の端に白色または淡紅色の花を散房状につける（ラテン語で「花が多い」を意味する種小名の由来となっている）。個々の花は白く丸い花びらが5弁あり、径2cm程度。雄しべは黄色、香りがある。秋に果実（正確には偽果）が赤く熟す。
同属でやはり身近に出現するもの－にテリハノイバラ (Rosa luciae) があり、こちらは葉の表面にクチクラ層が発達しているため、艶がある。また花は一回り大きく、数が少ない。
道端にも多く出現し、棘が多いので雑草としては嫌われる。刈り取っても根本から萌芽し、根絶は難しい。
北海道から九州までと、朝鮮半島に分布する。
野原や草原、道端などに生え、森林に出ることはあまり見ない。河川敷など、攪乱（かくらん）の多い場所によく生え、刈り込まれてもよく萌芽する、雑草的な性格が強い。
果実は営実（エイジツ）と称し瀉下薬、利尿薬になり、日本薬局方にも記載されている。 エイジツエキスは、おでき、にきび、腫れ物に効果があるといわれていて、化粧品成分に利用されている。皮膚の保護作用、収れん作用、抗酸化性、美白性、保湿性、皮膚細胞の活性効果を持つ。
また、バラの園芸品種に房咲き性をもたらした原種である。日本では接ぎ木の台木に使用される。そのため、しばしば栽培中に根本からノイバラが萌芽し、繁茂してしまうことがある。
道の辺の うまらの末（うれ）に 這（は）ほ豆の からまる君を はなれか行かむ
—丈部鳥（はせつかべのとり）、巻二十 4352
찔레(학명: Rosa multiflora)는 장미과에 속하는 관목이다.[1]
찔레꽃은 전국의 산과 들의 기슭과 계곡에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 낙엽활엽관목이다. 생육환경은 양지 혹은 반그늘의 어느 곳에서나 잘 자란다. 봄부터 이른 여름까지 작은 흰색 꽃을 피우고 열매는 가을에 붉게 익으며 지름이 2~3mm 수과이나 화탁이 발달하여 열매같이 보인다. 6~9mm로 다수의 수과를 둘러싸고 구형으로 되어 있다. 줄기는 약 3~5 미터까지 자라며 일반적으로 가시가 있다. 잎의 길이는 5~10 센티미터이며 털이 없고 뒷면에 잔털이 나며 가장자리에 톱니가 있다. 한국에서는 고도가 높지 않은 지역의 양지 바른 산기슭, 골짜기, 냇가 등지에서 흔히 볼 수 있다.[2] 주로 관상용으로 쓰이며, 꽃잎은 식용, 열매는 약용으로 쓰인다.[3]
동북 아시아 지역이 원산지로, 한국과 중국, 일본의 야산에 광범위하게 분포한다.
찔레꽃의 열매는 영실(營實)이라고 하여 한약재로 쓰인다.
찔레꽃은 불면증, 건망증, 간 질환, 당뇨, 중풍 마비에 쓰인다.[2]
찔레꽃의 어린순은 김치로도 담가 먹을 수 있으며, 차나 화전으로도 식용이 가능하다.[2]
