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Description ( englanti )

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Diagnosis: The broad head (HW/SVL= 0.5), widely spaced nostrils (internarial distance more than distance from eye to naris), and small eyes distinguish it from all other New Guinean microhylids (Zweifel 1971). Description: Genyophryne thomsoni reaches up to 38 mm in SVL. It has a very broad body and broad, flattened head (head as wide as body, and half the body length; HW/SVL= 0.5). The skull is not co-ossified with the skin. It has a rounded snout that projects over the lower jaw, lacks a canthal angle, and has a slightly concave loreal region. The nostrils are widely spaced, with the internarial distance greater than the distance from the eye to naris. The vomer bears several small odontoids, but there are no true vomerine or maxillary teeth. Eyes are very small. The tympanum is barely visible externally. A weak supratympanic fold is present. Small warts are scattered over the dorsal surface of the body while the ventral surfaces are smooth. The dorsum has a pair of distinct skin folds beginning near the eye, converging in the scapular region then diverging and becoming indistinct at the midbody. There may be tiny rugosities on the head. Fingers are without discs, short, and stubby with relative lengths of 3>4>2>1. Finger discs are lacking, but Finger III has a slight terminal groove. The relative toe lengths are 4>3>5>2>1. The first toe is quite short and may have a grooved terminal disc; the other toes have small, grooved discs. Terminal phalanges are T-shaped. The inner metatarsal tubercle is low and elongated; the outer metatarsal is absent. The heel has a pointed projection. A unique feature of the broad and flattened skull is a sheet of bone that connects the squamosal with the maxilla. Males have a single subgular vocal sac with paired openings (Zweifel 1971). In preservative, the color ranges from gray to light tan. A dark blotch is usually present above the posterior tympanum and may run anteriorly to form a indistinct post-ocular stripe. Dorsal skin folds have dark pigment and there are scattered dark spots on the dorsum. Ventral surfaces are pale and unmarked. Thigh is dark brown on the lower posterior as is the posterior foot (Zweifel 1971). Similar species: Asterophrys turpicula can be distinguished from G. thomsoni by having finger discs, larger eyes, and more closely spaced nostrils (Zweifel 1971).This may be a species complex (Richards et al. 2006). It appears to be a basal microhylid lineage based on analysis by Köhler and Günther (2008). For an image of this species, see the photo of Genyophryne thomsoni (http://nsdb.bishopmuseum.org/?w=BPBM&explst=it&cols=10&rpp=1000&pge=1&id=295451082) at the Bishop Museum website.

Viitteet

  • Kraus, F. and Allison, A. 2004. New records for reptiles and amphibians from Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Herpetological Review: 413-418.
  • Köhler, F. and Günther, R. (2008). ''The radiation of microhylid frogs (Amphibia: Anura) on New Guinea: A mitochondrial phylogeny reveals parallel evolution of morphological and life history traits and disproves the current morphology-based classification.'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47(1), 353-365.
  • Richards, S., Allison, A., and Kraus, F. 2006. Genyophryne thomsoni. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 February 2010.
  • Zweifel, R. G. (1971). ''Relationships and distribution of Genyophryne thomsoni, a microhylid frog of New Guinea.'' American Museum Novitates, (2469).

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Distribution and Habitat ( englanti )

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Genyophryne thomsoni is found in eastern Papua New Guinea, on Woodlark Island, and on the D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade islands at an elevational range of about 75 to 1800 meters above sea level (Zweifel 1971). It also occurs on Tagula (Sudest) Island (Richards et al. 2006). It is found in primary rainforest on the forest floor (Richards et al. 2006).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( englanti )

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The species is abundant and population numbers appear to be stable. Its collection by humans for ritual use on the Tagula (Sudest) Island does not present a major threat (Richards et al. 2006).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( englanti )

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It is a direct developer (Richards et al. 2006).
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Relation to Humans ( englanti )

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On Tagula (Sudest) Island, Genyophryne thomsoni is utilized for magic. It is believed that planting this species can increase agricultural fertility (Richards et al. 2006).
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Sphenophryne thomsoni ( saksa )

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 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet im Jahr 2009

Sphenophryne thomsoni (Synonym Genyophryne thomsoni) ist eine Froschart aus der Gattung Sphenophryne innerhalb der Unterfamilie der Papua-Engmaulfrösche.

Beschreibung

Die Art erreicht eine Länge von 32 Millimeter. Die Haut ist glatt. Die Körperoberseite ist rötlichbraun sowie schwarz gemustert. Die Schläfen sind weißlich. Von jedem Auge aus zieht sich eine helle Linie den Rücken entlang. Die Hinterseite des Oberschenkels und die Unterseite des Tarsus sind schwarz. Der Kopf ist groß und stark abgeplattet. Die Augen sind klein und weit voneinander entfernt. Die Pupillen sind horizontal. Die Zunge ist länglich, ganzrandig und an den Seiten frei abhebbar. Gaumenzähne sind vorhanden. Vor dem Schlund befindet sich eine gezähnelte Querfalte. Das Trommelfell ist unsichtbar. Die Finger sind frei. Der erste Finger ist der kürzeste. Der dritte Finger ist viel länger als der zweite und vierte. Der mediale Metatarsalhöcker ist undeutlich. Die Zehen sind an der Basis durch Schwimmhäute verbunden. Diese greifen nicht zwischen die Metatarsen der 4. und 5. Zehe ein. Die Ferse weist einen dreieckigen Hautlappen auf. Die Spitzen der Finger sind nicht verbreitert, die der Zehen sind schwach verbreitert. Praecoracoide fehlen. Das Sternum ist knorpelig.[1]

Vorkommen

Die Art kommt nur auf der südöstlichen Halbinsel von Neuguinea vor, wo sie hauptsächlich auf der Nordseite anzutreffen ist. Ihr Areal reicht vom östlichen Ende der Huon-Halbinsel bis Milne Bay und umfasst die Louisade Islands und d'Entrecasteaux Islands sowie Woodlark. Die vertikale Verbreitung reicht von Meereshöhe bis 1800 Meter.[2]

Systematik

Die Art Sphenophryne thomsoni wurde 1890 von George Albert Boulenger erstbeschrieben. Ursprünglich wurde von Boulenger 1890 die Gattung Genyophryne für diese Art eingerichtet, dieser Gattungsname wurde aber im Jahr 2017 mit Sphenophryne synonymisiert.[3]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Fritz Nieden: Anura II. In: F. E. Schulze, W. Kükenthal, K. Heider (Hrsg.): Das Tierreich. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin und Leipzig 1926, S. 99–100.
  2. Darrel R. Frost: Sphenophryne thomsoni Boulenger, 1890. In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 2017, abgerufen am 7. Dezember 2017
  3. J. Rivera, F. Kraus, A. Allison, M. A. Butler: Molecular phylogenetics and dating of the problematic New Guinea microhylid frogs (Amphibia: Anura) reveals elevated speciation rates and need for taxonomic reclassification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 112, S. 1–11, 2017
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Sphenophryne thomsoni: Brief Summary ( saksa )

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 src= Verbreitungsgebiet im Jahr 2009

Sphenophryne thomsoni (Synonym Genyophryne thomsoni) ist eine Froschart aus der Gattung Sphenophryne innerhalb der Unterfamilie der Papua-Engmaulfrösche.

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Sphenophryne thomsoni ( englanti )

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Sphenophryne thomsoni, sometimes known as Thomson's toothless frog, is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae.[2] It is endemic to Papua New Guinea and occurs in the southeastern peninsular New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago, d'Entrecasteaux Islands, and Woodlark Island.[1][2] It was formerly in its own monotypic genus Genyophryne.[3] The specific name thomsoni honours Basil Thomson, a British intelligence officer, police officer, prison governor, colonial administrator, and writer.[4]

Description

Sphenophryne thomsoni can grow to 38 mm (1.5 in) in snout–vent length. It is an extremely broad-bodied frog, with the rather flattened head that is as wide or nearly as wide as the body. The fingers are stubby and have no discs. The first toe is extremely short; the other toes are longer and bear small, grooved discs. The snout is rounded. No true teeth are present. The eyes are small. The tympanum is barely visible. Weak supratympanic folds are present. Another pair of more or less distinct skin folds starts near the eyes, converge in the scapular region, and then diverge and fade out. Preserved specimens are dorsally gray to light tan. A dark mark above the posterior edge of the tympanum is usually present, sometimes continuing anteriorly as an ill-defined postocular streak. The dorsal skin folds are accented by dark pigment; symmetrically placed small dark spots are present elsewhere on the dorsum. The ventral surfaces are pale and immaculate.[5]

Use

Sphenophryne thomsoni is used on Tagula Island for magic: it is believed to provide fertility to land if planted.[1]

Habitat and conservation

Sphenophryne thomsoni occurs on forest floor in primary tropical rainforests at elevations below 500 m (1,600 ft).[1] Some specimens were found calling at night during light rain.[5] Development is direct (i.e, there is no free-living larval stage[6]). It is a very abundant species that is not believed to face significant threats—its use on Tagula Island for magic is not occurring at levels that would pose a threat. This species is present in the Kamiali Wildlife Management Area.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Sphenophryne thomsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T57819A152550637. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T57819A152550637.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Sphenophryne thomsoni (Boulenger, 1890)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  3. ^ Rivera, Julio A; Kraus, Fred; Allison, Allen & Butler, Marguerite A. (2017). "Molecular phylogenetics and dating of the problematic New Guinea microhylid frogs (Amphibia: Anura) reveals elevated speciation rates and need for taxonomic reclassification". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 112: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.008. PMID 28412536.
  4. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
  5. ^ a b Zweifel, Richard G. (1971). "Relationships and distribution of Genyophryne thomsoni, a microhylid frog of New Guinea". American Museum Novitates (2469): 1–13. hdl:2246/2677.
  6. ^ Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 166.
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Sphenophryne thomsoni: Brief Summary ( englanti )

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Sphenophryne thomsoni, sometimes known as Thomson's toothless frog, is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea and occurs in the southeastern peninsular New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago, d'Entrecasteaux Islands, and Woodlark Island. It was formerly in its own monotypic genus Genyophryne. The specific name thomsoni honours Basil Thomson, a British intelligence officer, police officer, prison governor, colonial administrator, and writer.

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Sphenophryne thomsoni ( kastilia )

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Sphenophryne thomsoni es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Microhylidae. Es endémica del extremo suroriental de la isla de Nueva Guinea, de las islas de Entrecasteaux, del archipiélago de las Woodlark y del archipiélago de las Luisiadas. Su rango altitudinal oscila entre 0 y 1800 metros de altitud.[2]​ Es una rana terrestre que habita en selvas tropicales primarias. Se reproduce por desarrollo directo.[1]

No se encuentra amenazada de extinción ya que vive en zonas muy remotas con poca actividad humana. En la isla Tagula se usa como ingrediente mágico, se cree que si se entierra esta rana en la tierra aumenta la fertilidad de la misma.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b c IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). «Sphenophryne thomsoni». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 7 de febrero de 2021.
  2. Frost, D.R. «Sphenophryne thomsoni». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 7 de febrero de 2021.
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Sphenophryne thomsoni: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

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Sphenophryne thomsoni es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Microhylidae. Es endémica del extremo suroriental de la isla de Nueva Guinea, de las islas de Entrecasteaux, del archipiélago de las Woodlark y del archipiélago de las Luisiadas. Su rango altitudinal oscila entre 0 y 1800 metros de altitud.​ Es una rana terrestre que habita en selvas tropicales primarias. Se reproduce por desarrollo directo.​

No se encuentra amenazada de extinción ya que vive en zonas muy remotas con poca actividad humana. En la isla Tagula se usa como ingrediente mágico, se cree que si se entierra esta rana en la tierra aumenta la fertilidad de la misma.​

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Genyophryne thomsoni ( baski )

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Genyophryne thomsoni Genyophryne generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Microhylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Genyophryne thomsoni: Brief Summary ( baski )

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Genyophryne thomsoni Genyophryne generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Microhylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Genyophryne thomsoni ( ranska )

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Genyophryne thomsoni, unique représentant du genre Genyophryne, est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Microhylidae[1].

Répartition

 src=
Aire de répartition de Genyophryne thomsoni.

Cette espèce est endémique de Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Son aire de répartition concerne l'Est du pays ainsi que l'île Woodlark, les îles des Louisiades et celles de l'archipel d'Entrecasteaux. Elle est présente jusqu'à 1 800 m d'altitude.

Description

Genyophryne thomsoni mesure environ 30 mm. Son dos est brun rosé panaché de noirâtre[2].

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Basil Thomson[3].

Publication originale

  • Boulenger, 1890 : Second report on additions to the batrachian collection in the Natural-History Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vol. 1890, p. 323-328 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  3. Boulenger, 1890 : Second report on additions to the batrachian collection in the Natural-History Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, vol. 1890, p. 323-328 (texte intégral).
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Genyophryne thomsoni: Brief Summary ( ranska )

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Genyophryne thomsoni, unique représentant du genre Genyophryne, est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Microhylidae.

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Sphenophryne thomsoni ( Italia )

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La rana sdentata di Thomson[2], (Sphenophryne thomsoni, Boulenger, 1890), è l'unica specie di rana appartenente al genere Sphenophryne della sottofamiglia Asterophryinae della famiglia Microhylidae.[3]

Descrizione

Questa specie misura circa dai 30 ai 38 mm. La sua schiena è di color marrone rosato e nerastro.[4]

 src=
Areale della specie

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è endemica della Papua Nuova Guinea. Abita i territori dell'est, sulle Isole Woodlark, le isole Louisiades e nelle Isole di D'Entrecasteaux. Vive fino ad un massimo di 500 m di altitudine.[1][3]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Stephen Richards, Allen Allison, Fred Kraus 2004, Sphenophryne thomsoni, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ Frank, N., and E. Ramus . 1995. Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of the World [Pottsville, Pennsylvania]: N. G. Publishing Inc.
  3. ^ a b (EN) Frost D.R. et al., Sphenophryne thomsoni Boulenger, 1890, in Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0, New York, American Museum of Natural History, 2014. URL consultato il 2 agosto 2017.
  4. ^ Genyophryne thomsoni - Thomson's toothless frog, su amphibiaweb.org. URL consultato il 25 luglio 2013.

Bibliografia

  • Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Second report on additions to the batrachian collection in the Natural-History Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890: 323-328. (testo integrale).

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Sphenophryne thomsoni: Brief Summary ( Italia )

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La rana sdentata di Thomson, (Sphenophryne thomsoni, Boulenger, 1890), è l'unica specie di rana appartenente al genere Sphenophryne della sottofamiglia Asterophryinae della famiglia Microhylidae.

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Genyophryne thomsoni ( portugali )

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Genyophryne thomsoni é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Microhylidae. É a única espécie do género Genyophryne.

É endémica da Papua-Nova Guiné.

Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude.[1]

Referências

  1. a b Richards, S. & Allison, A. (2004). Genyophryne thomsoni (em inglês). IUCN 2006. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2006 . Página visitada em 23 de Julho de 2007.
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Genyophryne thomsoni: Brief Summary ( portugali )

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Genyophryne thomsoni é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Microhylidae. É a única espécie do género Genyophryne.

É endémica da Papua-Nova Guiné.

Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude.

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