Banana bats seem to be restricted to arid thorn and tropical deciduous forest along the coast and in the Balsas River Basin. These habitats have a remarkably dry season from November to May and a marked summer rainy season from July to October. During the dry season the majority of trees lose their leaves. These bats have been captured in banana groves and found roosting in culverts and caves (Tellez and Ortega 1999).
Range elevation: 1700 (high) m.
Habitat Regions: tropical
Terrestrial Biomes: scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
Musonycteris harrisoni are nectarivorous. The first M. harrisoni was found in a banana grove where it was feeding on pollen, nectar, and insects found in the banana flowers (Tellez and Ortega 1999). Pollen is the only reliable source of protein in the bat’s diet. They consume the pollen during grooming. They do not eat the flower’s anther or consume the pollen directly off the anthers (Howell and Hodgkin 1976). Insects are incidentally consumed with nectar.
Trumpet-nosed bats do not hibernate. Because of this, they need to feed on flowers year round. Therefore, it seems unlikely that these bats are rigid specialists for a certain type of flower (Koopman 1981).
Animal Foods: insects
Plant Foods: nectar; pollen
Primary Diet: herbivore (Nectarivore )
Banana bats are important pollinators of plant species throughout their range.
Ecosystem Impact: pollinates
Trumpet-nosed bats are important pollinators of bananas and other species of plants.
Positive Impacts: pollinates crops
There are no negative effects of these bats on humans.
The Mexican Ministry of Ecology considers banana bats a “treatment species” and they are considered vulnerable by the IUCN. These bats are generally rare (Tellez and Ortega 1999).
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable
Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
The word “Musonycteris” comes from the Arabic word for banana (musa) and the Greek word for bat (nycteris). The species is named for Ed N. Harrison, who supported the Mexican fieldwork of W.J. Schladach, one of the first to describe the bat (Tellez and Ortega 1999).
Musonycteris harrisoni is endemic to the Pacific coast of Mexico. It is restricted to west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. This species has been found in the Mexican states of Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico, and Morelos. The maximum altitude at which M. harrisoni has been found is 1,700m (Tellez and Ortega 1999).
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
There is no information available on lifespan in this species.
Banana bats are medium sized bats with an extremely long rostrum – averaging over one half of the greatest length of the skull (Tellez and Ortega 1999). The rostrum is the longest of any bat in relation to its width (Koopman 1981). One tongue measured 76 mm from the “gape of the jaw to the outstretched tip”. The ears are small and rounded. The uropatagium is complete and encloses a relatively short tail. The general color of the species is grayish-brown. Cheek teeth are small and show a reduction of the lingual elements, which is consistent with the nectarivorous lifestyle of these bats. The tongue lacks lateral grooves (Tellez and Ortega 1999). The tongue has a long, conical ridge of papillae. This adds to the surface area of the tongue and aides in nectar collection (Howell and Hodgkin 1976). The individual hairs of banana bats show highly divergent and divaricate scale placement – they have a “spiny” appearance. This appears to be important for gathering pollen on the face and neck of the bat (Howell and Hodgkin 1976).
Head and body length is 70 to 79 mm, tail length is 8 to 12 mm, and forearm length is 41 to 43 mm.
Range length: 70 to 79 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
As with other bats, banana bats escape predation by roosting in safe places during the day. At dusk and during the night they are at risk of falling prey to falcons, hawks, and owls. Common predators of bats in roosts are snakes, raccoons, ringtails, and small cats.
Mating behavior in this species is unknwon.
Information on reproduction in banana bats is limited. Reproductively active males have been captured in spring and summer. Pregnant females have been captured in late summer and fall and a juvenile was captured in August (Tellez and Ortega, 1999).
Breeding season: Unknown.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); viviparous
Although specific information on banana bat parental care is unavailable, they are likely to be similar to other phyllostomid bat species. Young bats are typically cared for by their mothers and weaned within a few weeks of birth. They develop rapidly after birth and become volant within a few weeks.
Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care
El ratpenat nassut bananer (Musonycteris harrisoni) és una espècie de ratpenat endèmica de Mèxic.[1]
Glosofága banánová je druh netopýra. Je endemit žijící pouze v západním Mexiku v suchých lesích. V současné době se živí hlavně banány, než se začaly ovšem v Mexiku pěstovat, živila se hlavně pylem místních rostlin. Rozmnožuje se mezi březnem a květnem. Zajímavostí je, že jazyk glosofágy tvoří 2/3 jejího těla.[zdroj?] Jedná se o ohrožený druh.
Glosofága banánová je druh netopýra. Je endemit žijící pouze v západním Mexiku v suchých lesích. V současné době se živí hlavně banány, než se začaly ovšem v Mexiku pěstovat, živila se hlavně pylem místních rostlin. Rozmnožuje se mezi březnem a květnem. Zajímavostí je, že jazyk glosofágy tvoří 2/3 jejího těla.[zdroj?] Jedná se o ohrožený druh.
Die Bananenfledermaus (Musonycteris harrisoni) ist eine Blumenfledermaus aus der Familie der Blattnasen, welche in Mexiko beheimatet ist. Die Gattung Musonycteris ist monotypisch, das heißt, dass neben Musonycteris harrisoni keine weitere Art der Gattung bekannt ist. Der Gattungsname leitet sich vom arabischen Wort „musa“ (=Banane) und dem griechischen „nycteris“ (=Fledermaus) ab. Der Artname ehrt Ed N. Harrison, der die Feldarbeit von William Joseph Schaldach in Mexiko unterstützte.
Die Bananenfledermaus hat die längste Schnauze aller Blumenfledermäuse. Die Zunge ist über 76 mm lang und optimal an die Ernährungsweise, welche vor allem aus Nektar besteht, angepasst. Die Bananenfledermaus ist eine mittelgroße Blumenfledermaus mit einer Gesamtlänge von durchschnittlich 84,8 mm, einer Unterarmlänge von 42,2 mm und einem Gewicht von im Schnitt 12,6 g bei Männchen und 10,9 g bei Weibchen. Sie besitzt wie die meisten Vertreter der Familie der Blattnasen ein auffallendes Nasenblatt. Das Fell ist in der Regel grau-braun.
Die Bananenfledermaus kommt nur an der Pazifikküste Mexikos in Dornsavannen und Laubwäldern vor. Die Region zeichnet sich durch eine ausgeprägte Saisonalität aus, mit einer Regenzeit im Sommer von Juli bis Oktober und einer Trockenzeit im Winter von November bis Mai. Die Bananenfledermaus ist wie die meisten Fledermäuse nachtaktiv. Die Art verdankt ihren Namen dem Umstand, dass sie erstmals zwischen Bananenpflanzen gefangen wurde, wo sie offenbar nach Nektar, Pollen und Insekten in den Bananenblüten suchte. Bei einer näheren Untersuchung fand man im Magen dieser Art Pollen verschiedener anderer nachtblühender Pflanzen wie Cordia alliodora, Alnus jorulensis, dem Kapokbaum und Vertretern der Gattung der Prunkwinden. Ihre Ernährungsweise macht die Bananenfledermaus daher wahrscheinlich zu einem wichtigen Samenverbreiter und Bestäuber dieser Pflanzen. Tagsüber hängt sie in kleinen Gruppen in Felsspalten und Höhlen, welche sie gelegentlich mit anderen Arten wie Glossophaga soricina, Macrotus waterhousii oder dem Gemeinen Vampir (Desmodus rotundus) teilt.
Die Bananenfledermaus ist endemisch für die Pazifikküste Mexikos. Die IUCN listet die Art aufgrund der relativ kleinen Populationsgröße und der hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass die Population in den nächsten zehn Jahren um 10 % zurückgehen wird als gefährdet.[1]
Die Bananenfledermaus (Musonycteris harrisoni) ist eine Blumenfledermaus aus der Familie der Blattnasen, welche in Mexiko beheimatet ist. Die Gattung Musonycteris ist monotypisch, das heißt, dass neben Musonycteris harrisoni keine weitere Art der Gattung bekannt ist. Der Gattungsname leitet sich vom arabischen Wort „musa“ (=Banane) und dem griechischen „nycteris“ (=Fledermaus) ab. Der Artname ehrt Ed N. Harrison, der die Feldarbeit von William Joseph Schaldach in Mexiko unterstützte.
The banana bat (Musonycteris harrisoni) is an endangered species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is also commonly known as the trumpet-nosed bat[2] or the Colima long-nosed bat.[3]
M. harrisoni is a medium-sized bat ( 12.6g males, 10.9g females) with an extremely long rostrum, small rounded ears, and a short tail.[2] Due to the size of the rostrum this bat also has a long skull.[2] The rostrum makes up approximately half the length of the skull.[2] The common coloring of this bat is grayish brown.[2] The base of each individual hair is white with a brown tip.[2]
This species was first discovered in a banana grove. (Gardner, 1977) Musonycteris harrisoni is endemic to Mexico. The main distribution within Mexico is in the states of Colima, Michoacán, and Guerrero.[4] This bat is one of the phyllostomid bats with the smallest range, covering only approximately 20,000 km2.[4] Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss. The maximum recorded altitude for the species is over 1,700 m.[2]
Musonycteris harrisoni is monotypic within the genus Musonycteris.
This bat is also a neotropical nectar-feeding bat (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae).[4] Neotropical nectar-feeding bats comprise approximately 40 species that differ widely in their dependence on a diet of nectar.[4]
M. harrisoni can be grouped into two clades.[5] These clades are divided by region.[5] There are individuals from the northern or southern portion of the species' range.[5] These clades have a 41% genetic variance.[5] The northern clade is restricted by the Sierra Madre mountain range along the Pacific coast of Mexico.[5]
Banana bats are nectarivores. This bat consumes both forest and cultivated plant species in its diet.[4] The main plant diet of the banana bat consists of Cleome, Pseudobombax, Crataeva, Agave, Helicteres, and Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum - however they have been seen visiting other types of plants as well.[4] Even with the long rostrum that Musonycteris harrisoni has they have no tight relationships with long-tubed flowers that usually require a long rostrum.[4] The pollen collected on the hair of M. harrisoni when feeding is usually eaten as one of the only reliable nitrogen sources for the bat.[6] Many other nectarivores shift their main diet from nectar to fruits or insects for part of the year however M. harrisoni is unable to do this due to their long jaws. (Gardner 1977) Their jaw size restricts them to a liquid food source for leverage reasons.[7]
Based on 84 pollen findings, M. harrisoni visited at least 14 pollen-producing plant species during an annual cycle. Additionally, these bats were using the cultivated bananas (Musa) that did not produce any pollen.[4]
In one study, eight lactating females were caught in the dry season between mid-March and mid-April. Females caught between July and September showed no signs of advanced pregnancy or lactation, so M. harrisoni seems to reproduce during the dry season and only once a year. Recaptures of study animals were always less than 1 km apart; most were within 100 m of the initial capture.[4]
In spite of an obviously variable floral resource environment, M. harrisoni was a year-round resident in the study area, which might be also related to its body size. Migrations following regional nectar availability (Fleming et al. 1993)[8] are known so far only from larger glossophagine species such as Leptonycteris, Choeronycteris mexicana, and to a lesser extent, Anoura geoffroyi[9][10][11]
Since Musonycteris harrisoni feeds on nectar it has developed some special adaptations. One example of this is that the scales on their hairs spread out at an angle to the main shaft.[6] This is unique because the hairs of most bats are relatively smooth. These scales allow for a heavier coat of pollen.[6] The collected pollen is useful as a source of nitrogen, however it is also used to pollinate plants. M. harrisoni serves as a pollinator for C. grandiflora.[3]
Another adaptation for nectar feeding is that these bats have a specialized hovering flight to feed on flowers.[4] They also have a long tongue which can be up to two-thirds of their body length.[4] This tongue length allows for maximum nectar extracting power.[4] The tongue of one individual measured 76 mm from the ‘‘gape of the jaw to the outstretched tip’’.[2]
The banana bat (Musonycteris harrisoni) is an endangered species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is also commonly known as the trumpet-nosed bat or the Colima long-nosed bat.
El murciélago platanero (Musonycteris harrisoni) es una especie de murciélago de la familia Phyllostomidae.[2] Es el único miembro del género monotípico. Musonycteris. Mide menos de 10 centímetros y es de color café-grisáceo. Su lengua puede medir hasta 7.6 centímetros. Se alimenta de néctar y polen de diversas flores. Vive en matorrales tropicales y subtropicales en la vertiente del Pacífico de Jalisco a Guerrero. Se considera en Peligro de Extinción por la Norma Oficial Mexicana 059 de SEMARNAT y en la categoría de Vulnerable por la lista roja de la IUCN.
Es endémica del sur de México.
Su hábitat natural son: zonas subtropicales o tropicales de matorrales secos.
Se encuentra bajo la categoría de peligro de extinción según la Norma Mexicana[3] y en estado vulnerable de acuerdo con la lista roja de la IUCN.[4]
El murciélago platanero (Musonycteris harrisoni) es una especie de murciélago de la familia Phyllostomidae. Es el único miembro del género monotípico. Musonycteris. Mide menos de 10 centímetros y es de color café-grisáceo. Su lengua puede medir hasta 7.6 centímetros. Se alimenta de néctar y polen de diversas flores. Vive en matorrales tropicales y subtropicales en la vertiente del Pacífico de Jalisco a Guerrero. Se considera en Peligro de Extinción por la Norma Oficial Mexicana 059 de SEMARNAT y en la categoría de Vulnerable por la lista roja de la IUCN.
Musonycteris harrisoni Musonycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Glossophaginae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Musonycteris harrisoni Musonycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Glossophaginae azpifamilia eta Phyllostomidae familian sailkatuta dago
Musonycteris harrisoni (Schaldach & McLaughlin, 1960) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi, unica specie del genere Musonycteris (Schaldach & McLaughlin, 1960), endemico del Messico.[1][2]
L'epiteto generico deriva dalla combinazione di Musa, riferito al genere di piante a cui appartiene la banana e dal suffisso greco -nycteris, ovvero pipistrello, con chiara allusione al suo esclusivo regime alimentare. Il termine specifico è invece dedicato ad Ed N.Harrison, il quale contribuì alle ricerche sul campo effettuate in Messico da uno dei due scopritori.
Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 70 e 79 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 41 e 43 mm e la lunghezza della coda tra 8 e 12 mm.[3]
Il cranio ha un rostro notevolmente allungato, circa tre quarti della lunghezza totale, e la scatola cranica rotonda. I denti masticatori sono piccoli. Gli incisivi superiori esterni sono piccoli e separati da quelli più interni. Le ossa nasali sono rialzate, allungate e con i bordi paralleli.
Sono caratterizzati dalla seguente formula dentaria:
3 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 1 0 0 1 3 3 Totale: 30 1.Incisivi; 2.Canini; 3.Premolari; 4.Molari;Il colore generale del corpo è bruno-grigiastro con la base dei peli giallastra o bianca, più chiaro sulla groppa, le spalle e le parti ventrali. Il muso è notevolmente allungato e sottile, la lingua è estensibile e priva di solchi laterali. Le orecchie sono piccole, triangolari, ben separate tra loro e con l'estremità arrotondata. La coda è corta ed inclusa completamente nell'ampio uropatagio, il cui margine libero è a forma di U rovesciata. Il cariotipo è 2n=16 FN=22.
Si rifugia in grotte, canali di irrigazione e crepacci tra le rocce.
Si nutre di polline e nettare dei fiori del Banano.
Femmine gravide sono state catturate nel mese di settembre, mentre una in allattamento ad agosto.
Questa specie è conosciuta soltanto negli stati messicani di Jalisco, Colima, Michoacán, Guerrero e Morelos, nella parte sud-occidentale del paese.
Vive nelle boscaglie spinose aride e nelle foreste decidue costiere fino a 1.700 metri di altitudine.
La IUCN Red List, considerato che la popolazione è composta probabilmente da meno di 10.000 individui adulti e che sia diminuita di almeno il 10% negli ultimi 10 anni , classifica M.harrisoni come specie vulnerabile (VU).[1]
Musonycteris harrisoni (Schaldach & McLaughlin, 1960) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Fillostomidi, unica specie del genere Musonycteris (Schaldach & McLaughlin, 1960), endemico del Messico.
De bananenvleermuis (Musonycteris harrisoni) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Schaldach & McLaughlin in 1960.
De soort komt voor in Mexico.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe bananenvleermuis (Musonycteris harrisoni) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Nieuwe Wereld (Phyllostomidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Schaldach & McLaughlin in 1960.
Musonycteris harrisoni[2][3] (Bananfladdermus en: Banana bat) är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Schaldach och McLaughlin 1960. Musonycteris harrisoni är ensam i släktet Musonycteris som ingår i familjen bladnäsor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]
Fladdermusen upptäcktes i en blommande bananodling. Därför valdes det vetenskapliga släktnamnet Musonycteris som är sammansatt av arabiska musa (banan) och grekiska nycteris (fladdermus). Artepitet hedrar Ed N. Harrison som hjälpte William Joseph Schaldach vid sina forskningar i Mexiko.[6]
Arten blir 70 till 79 mm lång (huvud och bål), har en 8 till 12 mm lång svans och 41 till 43 mm långa underarmar. Den har på ovansidan en mörkbrun färg med undantag av axeln som är liksom framsidan ljusbrun. Musonycteris harrisoni har liksom närbesläktade bladnäsor en lång tunga, ett blad (hudflik) på näsan och långa smala kindtänder. Nosen är ännu längre än hos andra bladnäsor och det finns större klaff mellan kindtänderna.[7] Honor är med cirka 11 g lite lättare än hanar som väger ungefär 12,5 g.[6]
Musonycteris harrisoni förekommer i västra Mexiko. Den vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 1700 meter över havet (sällan ännu högre). Habitatet utgörs av torra buskskogar och lövfällande skogar. Typiska växter i utbredningsområdet är Cordia alliodora, medlemmar av bresiljesläktet (Caesalpinia), Lysiloma divaricata och arter av tabebujasläktet (Tabebuia). Regionen har en regntid under sommaren och en längre torr period.[1]
Individerna vilar under överhängande klippor, i grottor och i vägtrummor. De äter främst nektar och pollen somt några insekter. Arten delar ibland viloplatsen med andra fladdermöss av släktena Glossophaga, Macrotus eller Desmodus.[6]
Musonycteris harrisoni (Bananfladdermus en: Banana bat) är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Schaldach och McLaughlin 1960. Musonycteris harrisoni är ensam i släktet Musonycteris som ingår i familjen bladnäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Fladdermusen upptäcktes i en blommande bananodling. Därför valdes det vetenskapliga släktnamnet Musonycteris som är sammansatt av arabiska musa (banan) och grekiska nycteris (fladdermus). Artepitet hedrar Ed N. Harrison som hjälpte William Joseph Schaldach vid sina forskningar i Mexiko.
Родова назва походить від арабського musa — «банан» і грецького nycteris, що означає кажан. Вид названий на честь Ed.N.Harrison, котрий підтримав польові дослідження W.J.Schaldach.
Довжина голови і тіла від 70 до 79 мм, довжина передпліччя між 41 і 43 мм, довжина хвоста від 8 до 12 мм, середня вага самців 12.6 гр, самиць — 10.9 гр. Спинна частина сірувато-бура, крижі коричнюваті, плечі і черево світліші. Писок дуже витягнутий. Язик довгий і розширюваний. Вуха маленькі і округлі. Зубна формула: 2/0, 1/1, 2/3, 3/3 = 30. Каріотип, 2n=16 FN=22.
Ховається в печерах, зрошувальних каналах і щілинах між скелями. Харчується пилком і нектаром квітів бананового дерева. Вагітні самиці були захоплені у вересні.
Країни поширення: Мексика. Живе в посушливих колючих чагарниках і прибережних листяних лісах до 1700 метрів над рівнем моря.
Musonycteris harrisoni là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Schaldach & McLaughlin mô tả năm 1960.[1]
không hợp lệ: tên “msw3” được định rõ nhiều lần, mỗi lần có nội dung khác Phương tiện liên quan tới Musonycteris harrisoni tại Wikimedia Commons
Musonycteris harrisoni là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi mũi lá, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Schaldach & McLaughlin mô tả năm 1960.
바나나박쥐(Musonycteris harrisoni)는 주걱박쥐과(신세계잎코박쥐과)에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 나팔코박쥐[2] 또는 콜리마긴코박쥐[3]라는 이름으로도 흔하게 알려져 있다. 바나나박쥐속(Musonycteris)의 유일종이다.
바나나박쥐는 중형 크기의 박쥐(수컷 몸무게는 12.6g, 암컷 10.9g)로 아주 긴 부리와 작고 둥근 귀 그리고 짧은 꼬리를 갖고 있다.[2] 긴 부리때문에 두개골 또한 길다.[2] 주둥이는 두개골 길이의 거의 반을 형성한다.[2] 몸은 회색빛 도는 갈색을 띤다.[2] 피부 쪽 털은 흰색이고, 털 끝은 갈색을 띤다.[2]
바나나 과수원에서 처음 발견했으며,[4] 멕시코의 토착종이다. 멕시코의 주 분포 지역은 콜리마 주와 미초아칸 주, 게레로 주 지역이다.[5] 가장 작은 분포 지역을 갖는 잎코박쥐의 일종으로 겨우 20,000km^2 넓이에 분포한다.[5] 자연 서식지는 아열대 또는 열대 기후 지역의 건조 관목지대이다. 서식지 감소로 멸종 위협을 받고 있다. 서식 고도는 최대 1,700m로 기록되고 있다.[2]