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Neoaves ( 南非語 )

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Die Neoaves is 'n klade van voëls waartoe byna alle voëlspesies behoort, behalwe eendvoëls (dit wil sê eende, swane en ganse), hoenders, en die loopvoëls (familie van die volstruis).

Die superorde Neoaves is 'n onderverdeling van Neoganthae. Die ander superorde, die sustergroep van Neoaves, is Galloanserae, waaraan eende, swane, ganse en hoenders behoort. Die eerste opdeling binne die nou lewende voëls was die tussen die Paleognathae (die loopvoëls) en die Neognathae (die res van die nou lewende voëlspesies).[1]

Klade

Klade volgens Hackett et al. (2008).[2]

Neoaves

Mirandornithes



Mesitornithidae



Eurypygiformes



Cypselomorphae



Phaethontidae



Pteroclididae



Columbidae



Opisthocomus hoazin





Otididae




Cuculidae



Gruiformes






Musophagidae




Aequornithes





Terrestrornithes

Charadriiformes


Dendroninthes ("Landvoëls")

Accipitriformes



Coliidae



Strigiformes




Leptosomus discolor




Trogonidae




Bucerotiformes




Coraciiformes



Piciformes








Cariamidae




Falconidae




Psittaciformes



Passeriformes









Sien ook

Verwysings

  1. (en) Tree of life Neornithes
  2. Hackett, Shannon J.; et al. (2008-06-27). “A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History”. Science 320 (5884): 1763–1768. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. Besoek op 2008-10-18.
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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 南非語 )

由wikipedia AF提供

Die Neoaves is 'n klade van voëls waartoe byna alle voëlspesies behoort, behalwe eendvoëls (dit wil sê eende, swane en ganse), hoenders, en die loopvoëls (familie van die volstruis).

Die superorde Neoaves is 'n onderverdeling van Neoganthae. Die ander superorde, die sustergroep van Neoaves, is Galloanserae, waaraan eende, swane, ganse en hoenders behoort. Die eerste opdeling binne die nou lewende voëls was die tussen die Paleognathae (die loopvoëls) en die Neognathae (die res van die nou lewende voëlspesies).

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Neoaves ( 阿斯圖里亞斯語 )

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Neoaves ye un clado que contién a toles aves modernes (Neornithes) cola esceición de Paleognathae y Galloanserae. La temprana diversificación de los llinaxes de Neoaves asocedió bien rápido, polo que tratar de resolver les rellaciones filoxenétiques foi difícil, anque se llograron ciertos consensos en determinaos llinaxes pero con dellos discutinios.[2][3]

Neoaves


Opisthocomiformes





Mesitornithidae



Pteroclidiformes





Phaethontidae



Eurypygae





Columbiformes



Mirandornithes




Strisores



Insolitavis



Cuculiformes



Otididae



Gruiformes





Musophagidae



Aequornithes




Litoritelluraves


Charadriiformes


Telluraves

Afroaves


Accipitriformes





Strigiformes



Coliiformes



Eucavitaves


Leptosomatiformes


Cavitaves


Trogoniformes


Picocoraciae


Bucerotiformes




Coraciformes



Piciformes








Australavis


Cariamae (seriemas)


Eufalconimorphae


Falconidae (ferres)


Psittacopasserae


Psittaciformes (loros)



Passeriformes (aves canoras y parientes)








Cladograma de les rellaciones filoxenétiques de les aves modernes basáu en Kimball, R.T. et al. (2013)[4] con dellos nomes de clados de Yury, T. et al. (2013).[5]

Referencies

  1. Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
  2. Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  3. Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting yera Mol. Biol. Evol.
  4. Kimball, R.T. (2013) Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life. Mol Phylogenet Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029
  5. Yuri, T. et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Xenes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419


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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 阿斯圖里亞斯語 )

由wikipedia AST提供

Cladograma de les rellaciones filoxenétiques de les aves modernes basáu en Kimball, R.T. et al. (2013) con dellos nomes de clados de Yury, T. et al. (2013).

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Neoaus ( 加泰隆語 )

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Neoaves és un superordre format per tots els ocells moderns, amb l'excepció dels paleògnats i els gal·loanseris. La primera diversificació dels diversos grups va tenir lloc molt aviat, durant l'extinció del Cretaci-Paleogen,[1] raó per la qual els intents de resoldre les seves relacions van donar lloc inicialment a molta controversia.[2][3]

Classificació

Neoaves és subdivideix ens els següents ordres:

Filogènia

Prum, R.O. et al va presentar el 2015 una hipòtesi sobre la filogènia dels ocells moderns.[4] Els següent cladograma il·lustra les relacions proposades, amb alguns noms de tàxons proposats per Yury, T. et al. i Kimball et al..[5][6]

Neoaves
Strisores

Caprimulgiformes





Steatornithiformes



Nyctibiiformes





Podargiformes




Aegotheliformes



Apodiformes Haaksnavelkolibrie.jpg








Columbaves Otidimorphae

Musophagiformes Planches enluminées d'histoire naturelle (1765) (Tauraco persa).jpg




Otidiformes Cayley Ardeotis australis flipped.jpg



Cuculiformes British birds in their haunts (Cuculus canorus).jpg




Columbimorphae

Columbiformes Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg




Mesitornithiformes Monias benschi 1912 white background.jpg



Pteroclidiformes Pterocles quadricinctus white background.jpg







Gruiformes Cuvier-72-Grue cendrée.jpg



Aequorlitornithes
Mirandornithes

Phoenicopteriformes Cuvier-87-Flamant rouge.jpg



Podicipediformes Podiceps cristatus Naumann white background.jpg




Charadriiformes D'Orbigny-Mouette rieuse et Bec-en-ciseaux white background.jpg




Eurypygimorphae

Phaethontiformes Cuvier-95-Phaeton à bec rouge.jpg



Eurypygiformes Cuvier-72-Caurale soleil.jpg



Aequornithes

Gaviiformes (loons)



Austrodyptornithes

Procellariiformes



Sphenisciformes Cuvier-90-Manchot du Cap.jpg





Ciconiiformes Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) white background.jpg




Suliformes



Pelecaniformes Spot-billed pelican takeoff white background.jpg








Inopinaves

Opisthocomiformes Cuvier-59-Hoazin huppé.jpg


Telluraves Afroaves
Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes Vintage Vulture Drawing white background.jpg



Accipitriformes Golden Eagle Illustration white background.jpg






Strigiformes Cuvier-12-Hibou à huppe courte.jpg


Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes


Cavitaves

Leptosomatiformes


Eucavitaves

Trogoniformes Harpactes fasciatus 1838 white background.jpg


Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes A monograph of the Bucerotidæ, or family of the hornbills (Plate II) (white background).jpg




Coraciformes Cuvier-46-Martin-pêcheur d'Europe.jpg



Piciformes Atlante ornitologico (Tav. 26) (picchio verde).jpg









Australaves

Cariamiformes Cariama cristata 1838 white background.jpg


Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes NewZealandFalconBuller white background.jpg


Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes Pyrrhura lucianii - Castelnau 2.jpg



Passeriformes Cuvier-33-Moineau domestique.jpg











Referències

  1. Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. «A new time tree reveals Earth history’s imprint on the evolution of modern birds» (en anglès). Sci Adv, 1, 11, 2015. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC: 4730849. PMID: 26824065.
  2. Mayr, Gerald «Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties – a critical review of the higher‐level phylogeny of neornithine birds» (en anglès). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49, 1, 01-02-2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00586.x/pdf. ISSN: 1439-0469.
  3. Matzke, A.; Churakov, G.; Berkes, P.; Arms, E. M.; Kelsey, D. «Retroposon Insertion Patterns of Neoavian Birds: Strong Evidence for an Extensive Incomplete Lineage Sorting Era» (en anglès). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29, 6, 01-06-2012, pàg. 1497–1501. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr319. ISSN: 0737-4038.
  4. Prum, R.O. et al. «A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing» (en anglès). Nature, 526, 2015, pàg. 569–573.
  5. Yuri et al. «Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals» (en anglès). Biology, 2, 1, 2013, pàg. 419-444. DOI: 10.3390/biology2010419.
  6. Kimball, R.T. et al. «Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life.» (en anglès). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029.
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Neoaus: Brief Summary ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供

Neoaves és un superordre format per tots els ocells moderns, amb l'excepció dels paleògnats i els gal·loanseris. La primera diversificació dels diversos grups va tenir lloc molt aviat, durant l'extinció del Cretaci-Paleogen, raó per la qual els intents de resoldre les seves relacions van donar lloc inicialment a molta controversia.

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Neoaves ( 威爾斯語 )

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Cytras neu grŵp o adar yw'r Neoaves sy'n cynnwys pob aderyn sy'n byw yn yr oes fodern hon (gellir hefyd eu galw'n Neornithes neu Aves) ar wahân i'r Paleognathae (sef yr adar gwastatfron (ratites a'u perthnasau agos) a hwyaid Galloanserae (sydd hefyd yn cynnwys ieir). Fe'u dosbarthwyd yn grwpiau gwyddonol yn eitha sydyn, ond dros y blynyddoedd bu llawer o angytuno ynghylch y grwpiau hyn.[2][3]

Dyma un dosbarthiad gan Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014)[4] with some clade names after Yury, T. et al. (2013).[5]

Neoaves Columbea

Mirandornithes


Columbimorphae

Columbiformes




Mesitornithiformes



Pteroclidiformes





Passerea Otidae

Cypselomorphae


Otidimorphae

Cuculiformes




Otidiformes



Musophagiformes






Gruae

Opisthocomiformes


Gruimorphae

Gruiformes



Charadriiformes





Ardeae

Aequornithes


Eurypgimorphae

Eurypygiformes



Phaethontiformes




Telluraves Afroaves Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes



Accipitriformes





Strigiformes (owls)


Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes


Eucavitaves

Leptosomatiformes


Cavitaves

Trogoniformes (


Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes


Picodynastornithes

Coraciiformes



Piciformes









Australaves

Cariamiformes


Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes


Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes



Passeriformes










Cyfeiriadau

  1. Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
  2. Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  3. Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting eraMol. Biol. Evol.
  4. Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014) Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science, 346(6215):1320-1331.
  5. Yuri, T. et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419

Llyfryddiaeth

  • Michael J. Benton (2004). "Origin and relationships of Dinosauria". In David B. Weishampel; Peter Dodson; Halszka Osmólska (Hrsg.) (gol.). The Dinosauria. Berkeley: Zweite Auflage, University of California Press. pp. 7–19. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
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Neoaves ( 捷克語 )

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Neoaves je klad ptáků zahrnující všechny moderní ptáky kromě běžců a Galloanserae (hrabaví a vrubozobí). Tato skupina se stala velmi rozšířenou brzy po svém vzniku.

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Nije fûgels ( 西菲士蘭語 )

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De nije fûgels (Latynske namme: Neoaves) foarmje in boppeskift fan 'e klasse fan 'e fûgels (Aves), de ûnderklasse fan 'e moderne fûgels (Neornithes) en de tuskenklasse fan 'e nijkakigen (Neognathae). Ta dit boppeskift hearre alle libbene soarten fûgels, útsein de âldkakigen (Palaeognathae, de tinamû's en rinfûgels) en de goes- en hineftigen (Galloanserae). De nije fûgels foarmje sadwaande in ûnbidich grutte groep dy't útinoar rint fan 'e ûlen oant de pinguins en fan 'e flamingo's oant de sjongfûgels. It grutste skift fan dizze groep is dat fan 'e moskeftigen (Passeriformes), dêr't 60% fan alle libbene fûgelsoarten ta heart. Dêrmei is dat skift mear as twa kear sa grut as it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia) en likernôch fiif kear sa ferskaat as dat fan 'e flearmûzen (Chiroptera), de beide grutste sûchdiereskiften.

Boppeskiftopbou

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

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Nije fûgels: Brief Summary ( 西菲士蘭語 )

由wikipedia emerging languages提供

De nije fûgels (Latynske namme: Neoaves) foarmje in boppeskift fan 'e klasse fan 'e fûgels (Aves), de ûnderklasse fan 'e moderne fûgels (Neornithes) en de tuskenklasse fan 'e nijkakigen (Neognathae). Ta dit boppeskift hearre alle libbene soarten fûgels, útsein de âldkakigen (Palaeognathae, de tinamû's en rinfûgels) en de goes- en hineftigen (Galloanserae). De nije fûgels foarmje sadwaande in ûnbidich grutte groep dy't útinoar rint fan 'e ûlen oant de pinguins en fan 'e flamingo's oant de sjongfûgels. It grutste skift fan dizze groep is dat fan 'e moskeftigen (Passeriformes), dêr't 60% fan alle libbene fûgelsoarten ta heart. Dêrmei is dat skift mear as twa kear sa grut as it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia) en likernôch fiif kear sa ferskaat as dat fan 'e flearmûzen (Chiroptera), de beide grutste sûchdiereskiften.

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நியோயேவ்ஸ் ( 坦米爾語 )

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நியோயேவ்ஸ் என்பது பறவை வகைப்பாட்டியலின் ஒரு கிளை ஆகும். இது கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்துப் பறவைகளையும் உள்ளடக்கியுள்ளது. இதில் வகைப்படுத்தப்படாதவை பாலியோக்னதாய் (ராட்டைட்கள் மற்றும் பல) மற்றும் கேலோயன்சிரி (வாத்துக்கள், கோழிகள் மற்றும் பல) ஆகும். இந்த கிளையின் பல்வேறு வகை குழுக்களின் வேறுபாடானது கிரேடசியஸ்-பலியோஜின் அழிவு நிகழ்வைச் சுற்றி நடந்தது.[2] இவற்றின் ஒன்றோடொன்றான உறவுகளைத் தீர்ப்பதற்கான முயற்சிகள் ஆரம்பத்தில் அதிக சர்ச்சையில் சிக்கியுள்ளன.[3][4]

உசாத்துணை

  1. Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
  2. Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history’s imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Sci Adv 1 (11). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. பப்மெட்:26824065.
  3. Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  4. Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.

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நியோயேவ்ஸ்: Brief Summary ( 坦米爾語 )

由wikipedia emerging languages提供

நியோயேவ்ஸ் என்பது பறவை வகைப்பாட்டியலின் ஒரு கிளை ஆகும். இது கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்துப் பறவைகளையும் உள்ளடக்கியுள்ளது. இதில் வகைப்படுத்தப்படாதவை பாலியோக்னதாய் (ராட்டைட்கள் மற்றும் பல) மற்றும் கேலோயன்சிரி (வாத்துக்கள், கோழிகள் மற்றும் பல) ஆகும். இந்த கிளையின் பல்வேறு வகை குழுக்களின் வேறுபாடானது கிரேடசியஸ்-பலியோஜின் அழிவு நிகழ்வைச் சுற்றி நடந்தது. இவற்றின் ஒன்றோடொன்றான உறவுகளைத் தீர்ப்பதற்கான முயற்சிகள் ஆரம்பத்தில் அதிக சர்ச்சையில் சிக்கியுள்ளன.

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Neoaves ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Neoaves is a clade that consists of all modern birds (Neornithes or Aves) with the exception of Paleognathae (ratites and kin) and Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and kin).[4] Almost 95% of the roughly 10,000 known species of extant birds belong to the Neoaves.[5]

The early diversification of the various neoavian groups occurred very rapidly around the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event,[6][7] and attempts to resolve their relationships with each other have resulted initially in much controversy.[8][9]

Phylogeny

The early diversification of the various neoavian groups occurred very rapidly around the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.[10] As a result of the rapid radiation, attempts to resolve their relationships have produced conflicting results, some quite controversial, especially in the earlier studies.[11][12][13] Nevertheless, some recent large phylogenomic studies of Neoaves have led to much progress on defining orders and supraordinal groups within Neoaves. Still, the studies have failed to produce to a consensus on an overall high order topology of these groups.[14][15][16][13] A genomic study of 48 taxa by Jarvis et al. (2014) divided Neoaves into two main clades, Columbea and Passerea, but an analysis of 198 taxa by Prum et al. (2015) recovered different groupings for the earliest split in Neoaves.[14][15] A reanalysis with an extended dataset by Reddy et al. (2017) suggested this was due to the type of sequence data, with coding sequences favouring the Prum topology.[16] The disagreement on topology even with large phylogenomic studies led Suh (2016) to propose a hard polytomy of nine clades as the base of Neoaves.[17] An analysis by Houde et al. (2019) recovered Columbea and a reduced hard polytomy of six clades within Passerea.[18]

Despite other disagreements, these studies do agree on a number of supraorderal groups, which Reddy et al. (2017) dubbed the "magnificent seven", which together with three "orphaned orders" make up Neoaves.[16] Significantly, they both include a large waterbird clade (Aequornithes) and a large landbird clade (Telluraves). The groups defined by Reddy et al. (2017) are as follows:

  • The "magnificent seven" supraordinal clades:
  1. Telluraves (landbirds)
  2. Aequornithes (waterbirds)
  3. Eurypygimorphae (sunbittern, kagu and tropicbirds)
  4. Otidimorphae (turacos, bustards and cuckoos)
  5. Strisores (nightjars, swifts, hummingbirds and allies)
  6. Columbimorphae (mesites, sandgrouse and pigeons)
  7. Mirandornithes (flamingos and grebes)

Comparison of different proposals for Neoavian radiation
Jarvis et al. (2014)[4] Columbea

Mirandornithes (flamingos, grebes)

Columbimorphae (pigeons, mesites, sandgrouse)

Passerea Otidae

Otidimorphae (cuckoos, bustards, turacos)

Strisores (hummingbirds, swifts, nightbirds)

Gruae

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)

Gruimorphae

Gruiformes (cranes, rails)

Charadriiformes (shorebirds)

Phaethoquornithes

Aequornithes (core waterbirds)

Eurypgimorphae (sunbittern, kagu, tropicbirds)

Telluraves

Afroaves

Australaves

(core landbirds) Prum et al. (2015)[19]

Strisores (hummingbirds, swifts, nightbirds)

Columbaves

Columbimorphae (pigeons, mesites, sandgrouse)

Otidimorphae (cuckoos, bustards, turacos)

Gruiformes (cranes, rails)

Aequorlitornithes

Charadriiformes (shorebirds)

Mirandornithes (flamingoes, grebes)

Phaethoquornithes

Aequornithes (core waterbirds)

Eurypgimorphae (sunbittern, kagu, tropicbirds)

(waterbirds) Inopinaves

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)

Telluraves (core landbirds)

Suh (2016) — a hard polytomy[17]

Columbimorphae (pigeons, mesites, sandgrouse)

Otidimorphae (cuckoos, bustards, turacos)

Strisores (hummingbirds, swifts, nightbirds)

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)

Gruiformes (cranes, rails)

Mirandornithes (flamingoes, grebes)

Charadriiformes (shorebirds)

Phaethoquornithes

Aequornithes (core waterbirds)

Eurypgimorphae (sunbittern, kagu, tropicbirds)

Telluraves

Afroaves

Australaves

(core landbirds) Reddy et al. (2017)[16] Columbea

Mirandornithes (flamingos, grebes)

Columbimorphae (pigeons, mesites, sandgrouse)

Passerea

Otidimorphae (cuckoos, bustards)*

Gruiformes (cranes, rails)*

Aequornithes (core waterbirds)

Charadriiformes (shorebirds)

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)

Strisores (hummingbirds, swifts, nightbirds)

Eurypygimorphae (sunbittern, kagu, tropicbirds)

Telluraves (core landbirds)

  • Turacos were recovered outside Otidimorphae as sister to Gruiformes
Kuhl et al. (2021)[2]

Mirandornithes (flamingos, grebes)

Columbaves

Columbimorphae (pigeons, sandgrouse, mesites; plus cuckoos)

Otidimorphae (turacos, bustards; without cuckoos)

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)

Strisores (hummingbirds, swifts, nightbirds)

Gruimorphae

Charadriiformes (shorebirds)

Gruiformes (cranes, rails)

Phaethoquornithes

Eurypygimorphae (sunbittern, kagu, tropicbirds)

Aequornithes (core waterbirds)

Telluraves (core landbirds)

Braun & Kimball (2021) — soft polytomies at the base of Neoaves and in Passerea[20]

Mirandornithes (flamingos, grebes)

Columbimorphae (pigeons, sandgrouse, mesites)

Passerea

Otidimorphae (bustards and cuckoos without turacos)

Musophagiformes (turacos)

Charadriiformes (shorebirds)

Gruiformes (cranes, rails)

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)

Strisores (hummingbirds, swifts, nightbirds)

Phaethoquornithes

Eurypygimorphae (sunbittern, kagu, tropicbirds)

Aequornithes (core waterbirds)

Telluraves (core landbirds)

The following cladogram illustrates the proposed relationships between all neoavian bird clades. This consensus phylogeny of birds is based on phylogenomic data, reflecting a recent phylogenomic supertree analysis[21] and modified after two more recent phylogenomic studies.[20][2]

Neoaves Mirandornithes

Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)Cuvier-87-Flamant rouge.jpg

Podicipediformes (grebes)Podiceps cristatus Naumann white background.jpg

Columbimorphae

Columbiformes (pigeons)

Mesitornithiformes (mesites)Monias benschi 1912 white background.jpg

Pterocliformes (sandgrouse)Pterocles quadricinctus white background.jpg

Passerea

Charadriiformes (waders and relatives)D'Orbigny-Mouette rieuse et Bec-en-ciseaux white background.jpg

Gruiformes (rails and cranes)Cuvier-72-Grue cendrée.jpg

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)Cuvier-59-Hoazin huppé.jpg

Strisores

Caprimulgiformes (nightjars)

Steatornithiformes (oilbird) Steatornis caripensis MHNT ZON STEA 1.jpg

Nyctibiiformes (potoos)

Podargiformes (frogmouths)

Aegotheliformes (owlet-nightjars)

Apodiformes (swifts, treeswifts and hummingbirds) White-eared Hummingbird (Basilinna leucotis) white background.jpg

Otidimorphae

Otidiformes (bustards)Cayley Ardeotis australis flipped.jpg

Cuculiformes (cuckoos)British birds in their haunts (Cuculus canorus).jpg

Musophagiformes (turacos)Planches enluminées d'histoire naturelle (1765) (Tauraco persa).jpg

Phaethoquornithes Eurypygimorphae

Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)Cuvier-95-Phaeton à bec rouge.jpg

Eurypygiformes (sunbittern and kagu)Cuvier-72-Caurale soleil.jpg

Aequornithes

Gaviiformes[22] (loons)

Austrodyptornithes

Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels) Thalassarche chlororhynchos 1838.jpg

Sphenisciformes (penguins) Chinstrap Penguin white background.jpg

Ciconiiformes (storks) Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) white background.jpg

Suliformes (boobies, cormorants, etc.) Cormorant in Strunjan, white background.png

Pelecaniformes (pelicans, herons & ibises) Spot-billed pelican takeoff white background.jpg

Telluraves Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes (New World vultures)Vintage Vulture Drawing white background.jpg

Accipitriformes (hawks and relatives)Golden Eagle Illustration white background.jpg

Strigiformes (owls)Cuvier-12-Hibou à huppe courte.jpg

Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes (mouse birds)

Cavitaves

Leptosomiformes (cuckoo roller)

Trogoniformes (trogons and quetzals)Harpactes fasciatus 1838 white background.jpg

Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes (hornbills and relatives)

Picodynastornithes

Coraciiformes (kingfishers and relatives)Cuvier-46-Martin-pêcheur d'Europe.jpg

Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)

Australaves

Cariamiformes (seriemas and terror birds)Cariama cristata 1838 white background.jpg

Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes (falcons)NewZealandFalconBuller white background.jpg

Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes (parrots)Pyrrhura lucianii - Castelnau 2.jpg

Passeriformes (passerines)Cuvier-33-Moineau domestique.jpg

References

  1. ^ Ksepka, Daniel T.; Stidham, Thomas A.; Williamson, Thomas E. (25 July 2017). "Early Paleocene landbird supports rapid phylogenetic and morphological diversification of crown birds after the K–Pg mass extinction". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (30): 8047–8052. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.8047K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1700188114. PMC 5544281. PMID 28696285.
  2. ^ a b c Kuhl., H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2021). "An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38: 108–127. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191. PMC 7783168. PMID 32781465.
  3. ^ Field, Daniel J.; Benito, Juan; Chen, Albert; Jagt, John W. M.; Ksepka, Daniel T. (March 2020). "Late Cretaceous neornithine from Europe illuminates the origins of crown birds". Nature. 579 (7799): 397–401. Bibcode:2020Natur.579..397F. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2096-0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32188952. S2CID 212937591.
  4. ^ a b Jarvis, E. D.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  5. ^ Ericson, Per G.P.; et al. (2006). "Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils" (PDF). Biology Letters. 2 (4): 543–547. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523. PMC 1834003. PMID 17148284. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
  6. ^ McCormack, J.E.; et al. (2013). "A phylogeny of birds based on over 1,500 loci collected by target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e54848. arXiv:1210.1604. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854848M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054848. PMC 3558522. PMID 23382987.
  7. ^ Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Sci Adv. 1 (11): e1501005. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E1005C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC 4730849. PMID 26824065.
  8. ^ Mayr, G (2011). "Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds". J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49: 58–76. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00586.x.
  9. ^ Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
  10. ^ Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Sci Adv. 1 (11): e1501005. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E1005C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC 4730849. PMID 26824065.
  11. ^ Mayr, G (2011). "Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds". J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49: 58–76. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00586.x.
  12. ^ Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
  13. ^ a b Braun, Edward L.; Cracraft, Joel; Houde, Peter (2019). "Resolving the Avian Tree of Life from Top to Bottom: The Promise and Potential Boundaries of the Phylogenomic Era". Avian Genomics in Ecology and Evolution. pp. 151–210. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16477-5_6. ISBN 978-3-030-16476-8. S2CID 198399272.
  14. ^ a b Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  15. ^ a b Prum, Richard O.; Berv, Jacob S.; Dornburg, Alex; Field, Daniel J.; Townsend, Jeffrey P.; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Lemmon, Alan R. (2015). "A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing". Nature. 526 (7574): 569–573. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..569P. doi:10.1038/nature15697. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26444237. S2CID 205246158.
  16. ^ a b c d Reddy, Sushma; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Pandey, Akanksha; Hosner, Peter A.; Braun, Michael J.; Hackett, Shannon J.; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Kingston, Sarah; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki; Braun, Edward L. (2017). "Why Do Phylogenomic Data Sets Yield Conflicting Trees? Data Type Influences the Avian Tree of Life more than Taxon Sampling". Systematic Biology. 66 (5): 857–879. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syx041. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 28369655.
  17. ^ a b Suh, Alexander (2016). "The phylogenomic forest of bird trees contains a hard polytomy at the root of Neoaves". Zoologica Scripta. 45: 50–62. doi:10.1111/zsc.12213. ISSN 0300-3256.
  18. ^ Houde, Peter; Braun, Edward L.; Narula, Nitish; Minjares, Uriel; Mirarab, Siavash (2019). "Phylogenetic Signal of Indels and the Neoavian Radiation". Diversity. 11 (7): 108. doi:10.3390/d11070108. ISSN 1424-2818.
  19. ^ Prum, R.O.; et al. (2015). "A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing". Nature. 526 (7574): 569–573. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..569P. doi:10.1038/nature15697. PMID 26444237. S2CID 205246158.
  20. ^ a b Braun, E.L. & Kimball, R.T. (2021) Data types and the phylogeny of Neoaves. Birds, 2(1), 1-22; https://doi.org/10.3390/birds2010001
  21. ^ Kimball, R.T.; Oliveros, C.H.; Wang, N.; White, N.D.; Barker, F.K.; Field, D.J.; Ksepka, D.T.; Chesser, R.T.; Moyle, R.G.; & Braun, M.J. (2019) A phylogenomic supertree of birds. Diversity 2019, 11, 109.
  22. ^ Boyd, John (2007). "NEORNITHES: 46 Orders" (PDF). John Boyd's website. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Neoaves is a clade that consists of all modern birds (Neornithes or Aves) with the exception of Paleognathae (ratites and kin) and Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and kin). Almost 95% of the roughly 10,000 known species of extant birds belong to the Neoaves.

The early diversification of the various neoavian groups occurred very rapidly around the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, and attempts to resolve their relationships with each other have resulted initially in much controversy.

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Neoaves ( 世界語 )

由wikipedia EO提供

Neoaves (novaj birdoj) estas klado kiu konsistas el ĉiuj modernaj birdoj (Neornitoj) kun la escepto de Paleognatoj kaj Kokanseroj. La frua diversigo de novbirdaj branĉoj okazis en rapida sukcedo, kaj klopodoj por solvi la filogenetikan rilaton konkludis en iom da interkonsento sed ankaŭ je multa polemiko.[1][2]

Kladogramo baze sur Jetz et al. (2012).[3]

Notoj

  1. Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  2. Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
  3. Jetz, Thomas, Joy, Hartmann, & Mooers, "The global diversity of birds in space and time", Nature (2012), doi:10.1038/nature11631
    Full tree: [1]
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wikipedia EO

Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 世界語 )

由wikipedia EO提供

Neoaves (novaj birdoj) estas klado kiu konsistas el ĉiuj modernaj birdoj (Neornitoj) kun la escepto de Paleognatoj kaj Kokanseroj. La frua diversigo de novbirdaj branĉoj okazis en rapida sukcedo, kaj klopodoj por solvi la filogenetikan rilaton konkludis en iom da interkonsento sed ankaŭ je multa polemiko.

Kladogramo baze sur Jetz et al. (2012).

Cipseloformaj (inkl. la Niktibioj), Eŭripigoformaj Faetontedoj, Pterokledoj, Mezitornedoj, Kolombedoj, Mirandornithes, Gruoformaj (inkl. Otidedoj), Kukuloformaj (inkl. la hoacinon), Cikonioformaj, Procelarioformaj, Sfeniskoformaj, Gavioformaj, Pelikanoformaj Karadrioformaj "Teraj birdoj" Akcipitroformaj, Strigoformaj, Trogonedoj, Leptosomatedoj, Koracioformaj, Pegoformaj Koliedoj, Kariamoformaj, Falkedoj, Psitakoformaj, Paseroformaj
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Neoaves ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Neoaves es un clado que contiene a todas las aves modernas (Neornithes) con la excepción de Paleognathae y Galloanserae. La temprana diversificación de los linajes de Neoaves ocurrió muy rápidamente, por lo que tratar de resolver las relaciones filogenéticas ha sido difícil, aunque se han logrado ciertos consensos en determinados linajes pero con varias controversias.[2][3]

Neoaves Mirandornithes

Phoenicopteriformes Cuvier-87-Flamant rouge.jpg

   

Podicipediformes Podiceps cristatus Naumann white background.jpg

    Columbimorphae

Columbiformes

     

Mesitornithiformes Monias benschi 1912 white background.jpg

   

Pterocliformes Pterocles quadricinctus white background.jpg

      Passerea    

Otidiformes Cayley Ardeotis australis flipped.jpg

   

Cuculiformes British birds in their haunts (Cuculus canorus).jpg

     

Musophagiformes Planches enluminées d'histoire naturelle (1765) (Tauraco persa).jpg

   

Gruiformes Cuvier-72-Grue cendrée.jpg

   

Charadriiformes D'Orbigny-Mouette rieuse et Bec-en-ciseaux white background.jpg

   

Opisthocomiformes Cuvier-59-Hoazin huppé.jpg

   

Caprimulgiformes

Ardeae Eurypygimorphae

Phaethontiformes Cuvier-95-Phaeton à bec rouge.jpg

   

Eurypygiformes Cuvier-72-Caurale soleil.jpg

    Aequornithes

Gaviiformes[4]

    Austrodyptornithes

Procellariiformes Thalassarche chlororhynchos 1838.jpg

   

Sphenisciformes Chinstrap Penguin white background.jpg

       

Ciconiiformes Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) white background.jpg

     

Suliformes Cormorant in Strunjan, white background.png

   

Pelecaniformes Spot-billed pelican takeoff white background.jpg

            Telluraves Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes Vintage Vulture Drawing white background.jpg

   

Accipitriformes Golden Eagle Illustration white background.jpg

     

Strigiformes Cuvier-12-Hibou à huppe courte.jpg

Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes

Cavitaves

Leptosomiformes

     

Trogoniformes Harpactes fasciatus 1838 white background.jpg

Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes

Picodynastornithes

Coraciiformes Cuvier-46-Martin-pêcheur d'Europe.jpg

   

Piciformes

            Australaves

Cariamiformes Cariama cristata 1838 white background.jpg

Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes NewZealandFalconBuller white background.jpg

Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes Pyrrhura lucianii - Castelnau 2.jpg

   

Passeriformes Cuvier-33-Moineau domestique.jpg

             

Cladograma de las relaciones filogenéticas de las aves modernas basado en Braun & Kimball (2021).[5]

Referencias

  1. Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
  2. Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  3. Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
  4. Boyd, John (2007). «NEORNITHES: 46 Orders». John Boyd's website. Consultado el 30 December 2017.
  5. Braun, E.L. & Kimball, R.T. (2021) Data types and the phylogeny of Neoaves. Birds, 2(1), 1-22; https://doi.org/10.3390/birds2010001
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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Cladograma de las relaciones filogenéticas de las aves modernas basado en Braun & Kimball (2021).​

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Neoaves ( 巴斯克語 )

由wikipedia EU提供

Neovaes hegazti guztiak Paleognathae eta Galloanserae kenduta biltzen dituen animalia klado bat da. Lehen dibertsifikazioa oso goiz eta azkar gertatu zen eta, horregatik, euren arteko harremana finkatzea oraindik eztabaidan dago.[1][2]

Kladograma

Neoaves

Opisthocomiformes





Mesitornithidae



Pteroclidiformes





Phaethontidae



Eurypygae





Columbiformes



Mirandornithes




Strisores



Insolitavis

Cuculiformes



Otididae



Gruiformes





Musophagidae



Aequornithes




Litoritelluraves

Charadriiformes


Telluraves Afroaves

Accipitriformes





Strigiformes



Coliiformes



Eucavitaves

Leptosomatiformes


Cavitaves

Trogoniformes


Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes




Coraciformes



Piciformes








Australavis

Cariamae


Eufalconimorphae

Falconidae


Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes



Passeriformes








Erreferentziak

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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 巴斯克語 )

由wikipedia EU提供

Neovaes hegazti guztiak Paleognathae eta Galloanserae kenduta biltzen dituen animalia klado bat da. Lehen dibertsifikazioa oso goiz eta azkar gertatu zen eta, horregatik, euren arteko harremana finkatzea oraindik eztabaidan dago.

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Neoaves ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Les Neoaves sont un clade composé de tous les oiseaux modernes (Neornithes ou Aves) à l'exception des Paleognathae (ratites et parents) et Galloanserae (canards, poulets et parents)[1]. Près de 95 % des 10 000 espèces d'oiseaux modernes connues appartiennent aux neoaves[2].

La diversification précoce des divers groupes néoaviens s'est produite très rapidement autour de l'événement d'extinction Crétacé-Paléogène[3],[4]. Les tentatives d'explications de leurs relations les uns avec les autres ont initialement donné lieu à de nombreuses controverses[5],[6].

Phylogénie

La diversification précoce des divers groupes néoaviens s'est produite très rapidement autour de l'événement d'extinction Crétacé-Paléogène[4]. Les tentatives de résoudre leurs relations ont produit des résultats contradictoires, certains assez controversés, en particulier dans les études antérieures[5],[6]. Néanmoins, certaines grandes études phylogénomiques récentes des Néoaves ont conduit à de nombreux progrès dans la définition des ordres et des groupes supraordinaux au sein des Néoaves, même si elles ne sont pas parvenues à un consensus sur une topologie d'ordre supérieur globale de ces groupes[1],[7],[8],[9]. Une étude génomique de 48 taxons par Jarvis et al. (2014) a divisé les Neoaves en deux clades principaux, Columbea et Passerea, mais une analyse de 198 taxons par Prum et al. (2015) a trouvé différents regroupements pour la première scission des Neoaves. Une nouvelle analyse avec un ensemble de données étendu par Reddy et al. (2017) a suggéré que cela était dû au type de données de séquence, les séquences codantes favorisant la topologie Prum. Les désaccords sur la topologie, même avec de grandes études phylogénomiques, ont conduit Suh (2016) à proposer une polytomie de neuf clades comme base pour les Neoaves[10]. Une analyse de Houde et al. (2019) a proposé Columbea et une polytomie dure réduite de six clades dans Passerea[11].

Ces études s'accordent néanmoins sur un certain nombre de groupes supraordéraux, que Reddy et al. (2017) a surnommé les « sept magnifiques » qui, avec trois « ordres orphelins », constituent les Neoaves[8]. De manière significative, ils comprennent tous deux un grand clade d'oiseaux aquatiques (Aequornithes) et un grand clade d'oiseaux terrestres (Telluraves). Les groupes définis par Reddy et al. (2017) sont les suivants :

  • Les « sept magnifiques » clades supraordinaux :
  1. Telluraves (oiseaux terrestres)
  2. Aequornithes (oiseaux d'eau)
  3. Eurypygimorphae (giroflée, kagu et oiseaux tropicaux)
  4. Otidimorphae (turacos, outardes et coucous)
  5. Strisores (pots de nuit, martinets, colibris et alliés)
  6. Columbimorphae (mésites, tétras et pigeons)
  7. Mirandornithes (flamants roses et grèbes)

Le cladogramme suivant illustre les relations proposées entre tous les ordres d'oiseaux néoaviens en utilisant l'arbre supraordinal récupéré par Prum, RO et al. (2015)[7], avec certains noms de taxons suivant Yury, T. et al. (2013)[12] et Kimball et al. (2013)[13].

Références

  1. a et b Jarvis et al., « Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds », Science, vol. 346, no 6215,‎ 2014, p. 1320–1331 (PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne)
  2. Ericson, Anderson, Britton et Elzanowski, « Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils », Biology Letters, vol. 2, no 4,‎ 2006, p. 543–547 (PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne)
  3. McCormack, J.E. et al (2013).A phylogeny of birds based on over 1,500 loci collected by target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing. PLoS One, 8(1):e54848. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054848.
  4. a et b Claramunt et Cracraft, « A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds », Sci Adv, vol. 1, no 11,‎ 2015, e1501005 (PMID , PMCID , DOI ).
  5. a et b Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  6. a et b A. Matzke et al., « Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era », Mol. Biol. Evol.,‎ 2012 (lire en ligne).
  7. a et b Prum, Berv, Dornburg et Field, « A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing », Nature, vol. 526, no 7574,‎ 2015, p. 569–573 (ISSN , PMID , DOI ).
  8. a et b Reddy, Kimball, Pandey et Hosner, « Why Do Phylogenomic Data Sets Yield Conflicting Trees? Data Type Influences the Avian Tree of Life more than Taxon Sampling », Systematic Biology, vol. 66, no 5,‎ 2017, p. 857–879 (ISSN , PMID , DOI ).
  9. Edward L. Braun, Joel Cracraft et Peter Houde, Avian Genomics in Ecology and Evolution, 2019, 151–210 p. (ISBN 978-3-030-16476-8, DOI ), « Resolving the Avian Tree of Life from Top to Bottom: The Promise and Potential Boundaries of the Phylogenomic Era »
  10. Suh, « The phylogenomic forest of bird trees contains a hard polytomy at the root of Neoaves », Zoologica Scripta, vol. 45,‎ 2016, p. 50–62 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne)
  11. Houde, Braun, Narula et Minjares, « Phylogenetic Signal of Indels and the Neoavian Radiation », Diversity, vol. 11, no 7,‎ 2019, p. 108 (ISSN , DOI )
  12. Yuri et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419
  13. Kimball, R.T. et al. (2013) Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life. Mol Phylogenet Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029

Voir aussi

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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Les Neoaves sont un clade composé de tous les oiseaux modernes (Neornithes ou Aves) à l'exception des Paleognathae (ratites et parents) et Galloanserae (canards, poulets et parents). Près de 95 % des 10 000 espèces d'oiseaux modernes connues appartiennent aux neoaves.

La diversification précoce des divers groupes néoaviens s'est produite très rapidement autour de l'événement d'extinction Crétacé-Paléogène,. Les tentatives d'explications de leurs relations les uns avec les autres ont initialement donné lieu à de nombreuses controverses,.

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Neoaves ( 加利西亞語 )

由wikipedia gl Galician提供

Neoaves é un clado que consiste en todas as aves modernas (Neornithes) coa excepción de Paleognathae e Galloanserae. A temperá diversificación das liñaxes de Neoaves ocorreu nunha rápida sucesión, e tratar de resolver as relacións filoxenéticas concluíu en certo consenso pero con varias controversias.[1][2]

Neoaves  

Mirandornithes

   

Mesitornithidae

   

Eurypygiformes

   

Cypselomorphae

   

Phaethontidae

   

Pteroclididae

   

Columbidae

   

Opisthocomus hoazin

       

Otididae

     

Cuculidae

   

Gruiformes

         

Musophagidae

     

Aequornithes

           

Charadriiformes

  'Aves terrestres'    

Accipitriformes

   

Coliidae

   

Strigiformes

     

Leptosomus discolor

     

Trogonidae

     

Bucerotiformes

     

Coraciiformes

   

Piciformes

             

Cariamidae

     

Falconidae

     

Psittaciformes

   

Passeriformes

               

Cladograma baseado en Hackett et al. (2008).[3]

Notas

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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 加利西亞語 )

由wikipedia gl Galician提供

Cladograma baseado en Hackett et al. (2008).

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Neoaves ( 印尼語 )

由wikipedia ID提供

Neoaves adalah klad yang terdiri dari semua burung modern (Neornithes), kecuali Paleognathae dan Galloanserae. Diversifikasi awal cabang neoavian terjadi dalam waktu yang cepat, dan upaya untuk menyelesaikan hubungan filogenetik telah menyimpulkan beberapa kesesuaian namun banyak mengandung kontroversi.[1][2]

Kladogram berdasarkan Jetz et al. (2012).[3]

 src=
Kladogram menunjukkan klasifikasi Neoaves 2012 , berdasarkan beberapa penelitian filogeni.[4]

Kladogram berdasarkan Hackett et al. (2008).[5]

Neoaves

Mirandornithes



Mesitornithidae



Eurypygiformes



Cypselomorphae



Phaethontidae



Pteroclididae



Columbidae



Opisthocomus hoazin





Otididae




Cuculidae



Gruiformes






Musophagidae




Aequornithes





Terrestrornithes

Charadriiformes


Dendroninthes ("Land Birds")

Accipitriformes



Coliidae



Strigiformes




Leptosomus discolor




Trogonidae




Bucerotiformes




Coraciiformes



Piciformes








Cariamidae




Falconidae




Psittaciformes



Passeriformes









Referensi

  1. ^ Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  2. ^ Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
  3. ^ Jetz, Thomas, Joy, Hartmann, & Mooers, "The global diversity of birds in space and time", Nature (2012), doi:10.1038/nature11631
    Full tree: [1]
  4. ^ Mindell, David P. (2008). "Neoaves". Tree of Life Project. tolweb.org. Diakses tanggal 11 June 2012. Parameter |month= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan); Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
  5. ^ Hackett, Shannon J. (2008-06-27). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History". Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1768. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. Diakses tanggal 2008-10-18. Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
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Neoaves ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Neoaves è un clade che comprende tutti gli uccelli moderni (Neornithes o Aves) ad eccezione dei Paleognathae (ratiti e affini) e dei Galloanserae (anatre, polli e affini). Quasi il 95% delle circa 10.000 specie conosciute di uccelli moderni appartiene ai Neoaves.[1]

La rapida diversificazione dei vari gruppi di neoavi si è verificata molto rapidamente attorno all'evento di estinzione di massa del Cretaceo-Paleogene,[2] e i tentativi di risolvere i loro rapporti con l'uno con altro hanno portato inizialmente a molte polemiche tra gli esperti.[3][4]

Filogenesi

Un'ipotesi sulla filogenesi degli uccelli moderni è stata presentata da Prum, RO et al. (2015).[5] Il seguente cladogramma illustra le relazioni proposte, con alcuni nomi di taxon successivi a Yury, T. et al. (2013)[6] e Kimball et al. (2013):[7]

NeoavesStrisores

Caprimulgiformes (succiacapre)

       

Steatornithiformes (guaciaro)

   

Nyctibiiformes (nittibio)

       

Podargiformes (podargo)

     

Aegotheliformes

   

Apodiformes (colibrì e rondoni) Haaksnavelkolibrie.jpg

                Columbaves Otidimorphae

Musophagiformes (turachi)Planches enluminées d'histoire naturelle (1765) (Tauraco persa).jpg

     

Otidiformes (otarde)Cayley Ardeotis australis flipped.jpg

   

Cuculiformes (cuculi)British birds in their haunts (Cuculus canorus).jpg

      Columbimorphae

Columbiformes (piccioni) Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg

     

Mesitornithiformes (monia)Monias benschi 1912 white background.jpg

   

Pteroclidiformes (grandule)Pterocles quadricinctus white background.jpg

             

Gruiformes (ralli e gru)Cuvier-72-Grue cendrée.jpg

    AequorlitornithesMirandornithes

Phoenicopteriformes (fenicotteri)Cuvier-87-Flamant rouge.jpg

   

Podicipediformes (svassi)Podiceps cristatus Naumann white background.jpg

     

Charadriiformes (gabbiani e affini)D'Orbigny-Mouette rieuse et Bec-en-ciseaux white background.jpg

    Ardeae Eurypygimorphae

Phaethontiformes (fetonti)Cuvier-95-Phaeton à bec rouge.jpg

   

Eurypygiformes (airone del sole e kagu)Cuvier-72-Caurale soleil.jpg

    Aequornithes

Gaviiformes (strolaghe)

    Austrodyptornithes

Procellariiformes (albatross)

   

Sphenisciformes (pinguino) Cuvier-90-Manchot du Cap.jpg

       

Ciconiiformes (cicogne) Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) white background.jpg

     

Suliformes (sule, cormorani, etc.)

   

Pelecaniformes (pellicani, aironi, ibis, etc.)Spot-billed pelican takeoff white background.jpg

        (uccelli acquatici)     Inopinaves

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)Cuvier-59-Hoazin huppé.jpg

TelluravesAccipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes (avvoltoi del Nuovo Mondo)Vintage Vulture Drawing white background.jpg

   

Accipitriformes (aquile e affini)Golden Eagle Illustration white background.jpg

        Afroaves

Strigiformes (gufi)Cuvier-12-Hibou à huppe courte.jpg

Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes (uccelli topo)

Cavitaves

Leptosomatiformes (curol)

Eucavitaves

Trogoniformes (trogoni)Harpactes fasciatus 1838 white background.jpg

Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes (buceri e affini)A monograph of the Bucerotidæ, or family of the hornbills (Plate II) (white background).jpg

Picodynastornithes

Coraciiformes (martin pescatori e affini)Cuvier-46-Martin-pêcheur d'Europe.jpg

   

Piciformes (picchi e affini)Atlante ornitologico (Tav. 26) (picchio verde).jpg

              Australaves

Cariamiformes (seriema)Cariama cristata 1838 white background.jpg

Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes (falchi)NewZealandFalconBuller white background.jpg

Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes (pappagalli)Pyrrhura lucianii - Castelnau 2.jpg

   

Passeriformes (passeri)Cuvier-33-Moineau domestique.jpg

                     

Note

  1. ^ Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
  2. ^ S. Claramunt e J. Cracraft, A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds, in Sci Adv, vol. 1, n. 11, 2015, pp. e1501005, DOI:10.1126/sciadv.1501005, PMC 4730849, PMID 26824065.
  3. ^ Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  4. ^ Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
  5. ^ Prum, R.O. et al. (2015) A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573.
  6. ^ Yuri et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419
  7. ^ Kimball, R.T. et al. (2013) Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life. Mol Phylogenet Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029

 title=
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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Neoaves è un clade che comprende tutti gli uccelli moderni (Neornithes o Aves) ad eccezione dei Paleognathae (ratiti e affini) e dei Galloanserae (anatre, polli e affini). Quasi il 95% delle circa 10.000 specie conosciute di uccelli moderni appartiene ai Neoaves.

La rapida diversificazione dei vari gruppi di neoavi si è verificata molto rapidamente attorno all'evento di estinzione di massa del Cretaceo-Paleogene, e i tentativi di risolvere i loro rapporti con l'uno con altro hanno portato inizialmente a molte polemiche tra gli esperti.

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Jaunie putni ( 拉脫維亞語 )

由wikipedia LV提供

Jaunie putni (Neoaves) ir neognatu infraklases (Neognathae) putnu klada, kas apvieno gandrīz visas mūsdienu putnu sugas (95% jeb apmēram 10 000 putnu sugu). Salīdzinoši tikai neliela daļa sugu pieder jauno putnu māsas taksonamvistu un zosu virskārtai (Galloanserae) —, kā arī paleognatu infraklasei (Palaeognathae). Šīs kladas sugas mājo visos pasaules kontinentos un visdasžādākajās ekozonās un biotopos.

Sistemātikas izmaiņas

Jauno putnu daudzveidība sāka veidoties drīz pēc krīta-terciāra masveida izmiršanas,[1] un sugu savstarpējās radniecības izzināšana un izprašana laika gaitā piedzīvojusi dažādas pretējas versijas.[2][3] Saskaņā ar jaunāko 2015. gada sistemātiku jauno putnu kladā apvienotas 34 mūsdienu putnu kārtas, kuras tiek iedalītas 5 lielās grupās.[4][5][6]

Sistemātika

Jauno putnu klada (Neoaves)

Atsauces

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Jaunie putni: Brief Summary ( 拉脫維亞語 )

由wikipedia LV提供

Jaunie putni (Neoaves) ir neognatu infraklases (Neognathae) putnu klada, kas apvieno gandrīz visas mūsdienu putnu sugas (95% jeb apmēram 10 000 putnu sugu). Salīdzinoši tikai neliela daļa sugu pieder jauno putnu māsas taksonamvistu un zosu virskārtai (Galloanserae) —, kā arī paleognatu infraklasei (Palaeognathae). Šīs kladas sugas mājo visos pasaules kontinentos un visdasžādākajās ekozonās un biotopos.

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Neoaves ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

Vogels

De Neoaves is een klade van vogels waartoe bijna alle vogelsoorten behoren behalve de eendvogels (dat wil zeggen eenden, zwanen en ganzen), hoenders, en de loopvogels (verwanten van de struisvogel).

Toelichting

De superorde Neoaves is onderdeel van de Neoganthae. De andere superorde, de zustergroep van Neoaves, zijn de Galloanserae, waartoe eenden, zwanen, ganzen en hoenders horen. De eerste splitsing binnen de nu levende vogels was die tussen de Paleognathae (de loopvogels) en de Neognathae (de rest van de nu levende vogelsoorten).[1]

Paleontologie

Hoewel het duidelijk geworden is dat de Neoaves al bestaan moeten hebben vóór de K-T-uitstervingsgolf die een einde maakte aan de dinosaurussen en veel andere vormen van leven op aarde is het niet helemaal duidelijk of de totale verscheidenheid van de Neoaves die de groep vandaag vertoont geheel van ná K-T stamt of voor een deel toch van ervoor.

DNA-onderzoek

De DNA-resultaten lijken te wijzen op een grote, explosief toenemende soortenrijkdom (radiatie), maar er zijn wel een aantal vroege fossielen die mogelijk aanduiden dat er meer dan één vorm van Neoaves de uitstervingsgolf heeft overleefd. Zij worden voornamelijk met de zeeduikers en de 'oceaanvogels' (albatrossen, stormvogels) in verband gebracht.

Naast deze enigszins problematische groepen (en hun fossielen) van (meestal) watervogels onderscheidt men binnen de Neoaves een zeer grote groep vogelsoorten met de niet zo geslaagde groepsnaam (clade) "landvogels". Deze indeling is vooral is gebaseerd op DNA-onderzoek. Deze groep bevat de meeste (maar niet alle) landvogels, waarvan de grootste de orde van de Passeriformes of zangvogels. Meer dan de helft van de vogelsoorten op aarde behoort tot de orde van de zangvogels. Deze orde is daarmee ook de grootste orde van de op het land levende gewervelde dieren.

Indeling

 src=
Cladogram showing a 2012 classification of Neoaves, based on several phylogenetic studies.[2]

Cladogram based on Hackett et al. (2008).[3]

Neoaves

Mirandornithes



Mesitornithidae



Eurypygiformes



Cypselomorphae



Phaethontidae



Pteroclididae



Columbidae



Opisthocomus hoazin



Otididae



Cuculidae



Gruiformes





Musophagidae



Aequornithes





Terrestrornithes

Charadriiformes


Dendroninthes ("Land Birds")

Accipitriformes



Coliidae



Strigiformes



Leptosomus discolor



Trogonidae



Bucerotiformes



Coraciiformes



Piciformes







Cariamidae



Falconidae



Psittaciformes



Passeriformes









Zie ook

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Tree of life Neornithes
  2. Mindell, David P.; Brown, Joseph W.; Harshman, John, Neoaves. Tree of Life Project. tolweb.org (June 2008). Geraadpleegd op 11 June 2012.
  3. Hackett, Shannon J., et al. (2008-06-27). A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science 320 (5884): 1763–1768 . PMID: 18583609. DOI: 10.1126/science.1157704. Geraadpleegd op 2008-10-18.
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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

De Neoaves is een klade van vogels waartoe bijna alle vogelsoorten behoren behalve de eendvogels (dat wil zeggen eenden, zwanen en ganzen), hoenders, en de loopvogels (verwanten van de struisvogel).

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Moderne fugler ( 挪威語 )

由wikipedia NO提供

Moderne fugler (Neoaves) er i særdeleshet den mest tallrike delgruppen med fugler. Med unntak av ande-, hønse-, strutsefugler og tinamuer inkluderer denne gruppen alle andre fuglearter – mer enn 9 000 arter i alt.

Navnet kommer av det vitenskapelige navnet Neoaves som betyr høyerestående, men det betyr ikke at disse artene er mer intelligente eller mer avanserte enn fuglene i de andre gruppene, men kun at deres delgrupper skilte lag på et senere tidspunkt i stamtreet.

Slektskapsforholdene mellom de moderne fuglene er fremdeles veldig usikre.

Evolusjon

Da Neognathae (moderne nåtidsfugler) separerte i to linjer for omkring 89,8 (± 3,5) millioner år siden, oppsto Galloanserae (ande- og hønsefugler) som den ene og Neoaves (moderne fugler) som den andre.

Neoaves separerte i to linjer for cirka 79,6 (± 3,0) millioner år siden. Den ene ledet fram til Passeriformes (spurvefugler), den andre til Falconiformes (falkefugler), Charadriiformes (vade-, måse- og alkefugler), Procellariiformes (stormfugler), Gaviiformes (lommer), Ciconiiformes (storkefugler) og Sphenisciformes (pingviner).[1][2]

Fylogeni

Nåtidsfuglenes basale klader i etterkomertreet under er i henhold til Sibley & Ahlquist (1990)[3]. Inndelingen støttes i hovedtrekk av nyere forskning med genom, jfr. Jarvis et al. (2014). Det er imidlertid uklart om Tinamidae (tinamufamilien) og flere andre familier skal inkluderes i selvstendige ordener under Paleognathae (primitive nåtidsfugler) eller som familier under Struthioniformes (strutsefugler). Det siste støttes av HBW Alive.

Aves/Neornithes Palaeognathae

Struthioniformes



(Tinamiformes?)



Neognathae

Neoaves


Galloanserae

Anseriformes



Galliformes






Etterkommertre

Neoaves er en klade som består av alle moderne fugler. Kladogrammet er i henhold til Jarvis et al. (2014)[4], med noen kladenavn etter Yury et al. (2013).[5] Navn i parentes er ikke nødvendigvis offisielle norske gruppenavn.

Neoaves Columbea

Mirandornithes (flamingoer og dykkerfugler)


Columbimorphae

Columbiformes (duefugler)




Mesitornithiformes (mesitter)



Pterocliformes (sandhøns)





Passerea Otidae

Cypselomorphae (fettfugler, froskemunner, potuer, nattravner, uglesvaler, treseilere, seilere og kolibrier)


Otidimorphae

Cuculiformes (gjøkefugler)




Otidiformes (trapper)



Musophagiformes (turakoer)






Gruae

Opisthocomiformes (hoatziner)


Gruimorphae

Gruiformes (tranefugler)



Charadriiformes (vade-, måse- og alkefugler)





Ardeae

Aequornithes (Lommer, Pingviner, Stormfugler, Storkefugler, Sulefugler og Pelikanfugler)


Eurypygimorphae

Eurypygiformes (kaguer og solrikse)



Phaethontiformes (tropikkfugler)




Telluraves Afroaves Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes (kondorer)



Accipitriformes (haukefugler)





Strigiformes (ugler)


Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes (musfugler)


Eucavitaves

Leptosomatiformes (kuroler)


Cavitaves

Trogoniformes (trogoner)


Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes (hornfugler, hærfugler og kakelarer)


Picodynastornithes

Coraciformes (råkefugler)



Piciformes (spettefugler)









Australaves

Cariamiformes (seriemaer)


Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes (falkefugler)


Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes (papegøyefugler)



Passeriformes (spurvefugler)











Inndeling

Nåtidsfuglenes innbyrdes inndeling regnes ikke som endelig klarlagt, selv om det hersker enighet om de basale forgreningene i stamtreet. Inndelingen under følger HBW Alive og er i henhold til del Hoyo et al. (2016).[6]

Treliste

Tinamufugler (Tinamiformes) regnes ikke som en selvstendig orden, men inngår som en familie under strutsefugler (Struthioniformes). Seilerfugler (Apodiformes) regnes ikke som en selvstendig orden, men inngår som en familie under nattravner (Caprimulgiformes). Mer enn halvparten av alle fugler hører til spurvefuglene.

Referanser

  1. ^ A.J.Baker, S.L.Pereira, O.P.Haddrath and K.A.Edge. 2006. Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proc Biol Sci. 273(1582):11–17
  2. ^ Slack, K.E., Jones, C.M., Ando, T., Harrison G.L., Fordyce R.E., Arnason, U. and Penny, D. (2006). "Early Penguin Fossils, plus Mitochondrial Genomes, Calibrate Avian Evolution." Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23(6): 1144-1155. doi:10.1093/molbev/msj124 PDF fulltext Supplementary Material Arkivert 16. desember 2009 hos Wayback Machine.. Besøkt 2012-08-03
  3. ^ Sibley, C. G., och J. Ahlquist. 1990. Phylogeny and classification of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.
  4. ^ Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; m.fl. (2014). «Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds». Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451.CS1-vedlikehold: Eksplisitt bruk av m.fl. (link)
  5. ^ Yuri, T. et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419
  6. ^ del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2016). Caprimulgiformes. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

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Moderne fugler: Brief Summary ( 挪威語 )

由wikipedia NO提供

Moderne fugler (Neoaves) er i særdeleshet den mest tallrike delgruppen med fugler. Med unntak av ande-, hønse-, strutsefugler og tinamuer inkluderer denne gruppen alle andre fuglearter – mer enn 9 000 arter i alt.

Navnet kommer av det vitenskapelige navnet Neoaves som betyr høyerestående, men det betyr ikke at disse artene er mer intelligente eller mer avanserte enn fuglene i de andre gruppene, men kun at deres delgrupper skilte lag på et senere tidspunkt i stamtreet.

Slektskapsforholdene mellom de moderne fuglene er fremdeles veldig usikre.

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Neoaves ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Neoaves är en av två överordningar av fåglar. Det är den mest artrika av de två överordningarna och omfattar alla neognata fåglar utom hönsfåglar och andfåglar. Hur de olika ordningarna är besläktade är mycket omdiskuterat. För en modern uppfattning om släktskapen se kladogram i artikeln Fåglar.

Neoaves omfattar följande ordningar:

Källor

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Neoaves: Brief Summary ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Neoaves är en av två överordningar av fåglar. Det är den mest artrika av de två överordningarna och omfattar alla neognata fåglar utom hönsfåglar och andfåglar. Hur de olika ordningarna är besläktade är mycket omdiskuterat. För en modern uppfattning om släktskapen se kladogram i artikeln Fåglar.

Neoaves omfattar följande ordningar:

Lomfåglar (Gaviiformes) Doppingfåglar (Podicipediformes) Flamingofåglar (Phoenicopteriformes) Pingvinfåglar (Sphenisciformes) Stormfåglar (Procellariiformes) Storkfåglar (Ciconiiformes) Sulfåglar (Suliformes) Pelikanfåglar (Pelecaniformes) Rovfåglar (Accipitriformes) Trappar (Otidiformes) Mesiter (Mesitornithiformes) Eurypygiformes - omfattar kaguer (Rhynochetidae) och solrallar (Eurypygidae) Tran- och rallfåglar (Gruiformes) Vadarfåglar (Charadriiformes) Flyghöns (Pteroclidiformes) Duvfåglar (Columbiformes) Papegojfåglar (Psittaciformes) Gökfåglar (Cuculiformes) - vissa delar även upp taxonet i ordningarna Hoatzinfåglar och Bananätarfåglar Ugglor (Strigiformes) Skärrfåglar (Caprimulgiformes) - vissa delar även upp taxonet i ordningen Aegotheliformes Seglarfåglar (Apodiformes) Musfåglar (Coliiformes) Trogonfåglar (Trogoniformes) Coraciiformes - vissa delar även upp taxonet i ordningarna Bucerotiformes och Kurolfåglar Jakamarfåglar (Galbuliformes) Hackspettartade fåglar (Piciformes) Seriemor (Cariamiformes) Falkfåglar (Falconiformes) Tättingar (Passeriformes)
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Neoaves ( 烏克蘭語 )

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신조류 ( 韓語 )

由wikipedia 한국어 위키백과提供

신조류(新鳥類, Neoaves)는 현존하는 조류 분류군의 하나이다. 닭기러기류(닭목기러기목)와 함께 신악류(현존하는 거의 대부분의 조류)를 형성한다.[1][2]

하위 분류

계통 분류

2020년 쿨(Kuhl) 등의 연구에 의한 조류의 계통 분류이다.[3]

조류

고악류

신악류 닭기러기류

닭목

   

기러기목

     

신조류

     

2021년 브라운(Braun)과 킴볼(Kimball) 등의 연구에 의한 신조류 계통 분류이다.[4]

신조류

미란도르니테스류

  비둘기류  

비둘기목

     

사막꿩목

   

메사이트목

      Passerea 느시류  

뻐꾸기목

   

느시목

     

부채머리목

   

도요목

   

두루미목

   

호아친목

   

수좌류

  왜가리류  

수조류

   

뱀눈새류

     

육조류

     

각주

  1. Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  2. Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting era Mol. Biol. Evol.
  3. H Kuhl, C Frankl-Vilches, A Bakker, G Mayr, G Nikolaus, S T Boerno, S Klages, B Timmermann, M Gahr (2020) An unbiased molecular approach using 3’UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life. Molecular Biology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa191
  4. Braun, E.L. & Kimball, R.T. (2021) Data types and the phylogeny of Neoaves. Birds, 2(1), 1-22; https://doi.org/10.3390/birds2010001
 title=
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