dcsimg

Streptaxidae ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Streptaxidae ist der Name einer Familie von Schnecken aus der Unterordnung der Landlungenschnecken (Stylommatophora), die in tropischen Regionen Afrikas, Asiens und Südamerikas verbreitet sind. Es handelt sich um räuberische Schnecken, die sich vor allem von anderen Schnecken ernähren. Es gibt ungefähr 1000 Arten in 100 Gattungen.

Merkmale

Die Gehäuse sind je nach Art knapp 2 mm bis 4 cm groß und variieren in ihrer Form sehr stark, doch sind sie bei vielen Arten „zusammengedrückt“ und ermöglichen so den Schnecken, bei der Nahrungssuche in enge Spalten und Löcher zu gelangen. Die Tiere selbst sind oft lebhaft gefärbt, während die Schneckenhäuser meist blass und durchscheinend sind.

Die Mundteile und Speicheldrüsen sind – ähnlich wie bei anderen fleischfressenden Schnecken – stark vergrößert, die Zähne der Radula länger und spitzer als bei pflanzenfressenden Arten.

Vorkommen und Lebensweise

Die Streptaxidae leben in den tropischen Regenwäldern Afrikas, Asiens und Südamerikas, wobei der weitaus größte Artenreichtum in Afrika anzutreffen ist. Die meisten Arten sind selten, haben ein begrenztes Verbreitungsgebiet und können nur in weitgehend ungestörtem Primärwald überleben. Aus diesem Grund sind sie durch drohende Entwaldung gefährdet oder bereits ausgestorben.

Die Streptaxidae leben räuberisch unter anderem von anderen Schnecken. Von Rectartemon depressus ist als bisher einziger Schnecke bekannt, dass sie auch Plattwürmer frisst. Die Beute wird meist mit der Radula ergriffen und verschlungen; Gehäuseschnecken werden auf diesem Weg aus dem Gehäuse gezogen.

Systematik

Innerhalb der Stylommatophora bilden die Streptaxidae zusammen mit den Ahlenschnecken (Subulinidae) und den Afrikanischen Riesenschnecken (Achatinidae) nach molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen von Wade et al. (2001 und 2006) eine Verwandtschaftsgruppe, die einer Schwestergruppe aus allen anderen Stylommatophora gegenübergestellt wird.

Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) stellen die Streptaxidae als einzige Familie in die Überfamilie Streptaxoidea und unterteilen sie in 6 Unterfamilien:

  • Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 – Synonym: Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883[1] – Synonym: Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000[2]
  • Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000[3]
  • Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921[4] - synonyms: Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936
  • Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919[5]

Nach der Systematik von Sutcharit et al. (2010) bilden die beiden Gattungen Diaphera und Sinoennea eine eigene Familie Diapheridae innerhalb der Überfamilie Streptaxoidea. Zur Familie Streptaxidae gehören nach dieser Systematik folgende Gattungen:

Streptaxinae

Enneinae

Marconiinae

Odontartemoninae

Orthogibbinae

Ptychotrematinae

Weitere Gattungen:

Scolodonta Doering 1875, Typusgattung der Familie Scolodontidae, wurde früher in die Familie Streptaxinae gestellt.

Literatur

  • Wilhelm Kobelt: Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Zweite Abtheilung: Streptaxidae und Daudebardiidae. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1 (12b (2)), S. 1–211, Taf. 42–71. Nürnberg 1906.
  • Ben Rowson: Systematics and Diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Cardiff University, UK, Dezember 2009.
  • A. Zilch (1961): Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 90, S. 79–120.
  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda. Malacologia, 47: 239–283, Ann Arbor 2005, .
  • Christopher M. Wade, P. B. Mordan, B. Clarke (2001): A phylogeny of the land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) . Proceedings of the Royal Society o f London B 268, S. 413–422.
  • Christopher M. Wade, P. B. Mordan, F. Naggs (2006): Evolutionary relationships among the Pulmonate land snails and slugs (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 87, S. 593–610.
  • C. Sutcharit, F. Naggs, Christopher M. Wade, I. Fontanilla, S. Panha (2010): The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160, S. 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
  • J. Gerlach, A. C. van Bruggen (1999): Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen 328, S. 1–60. (PDF; 16,4 MB)

Einzelnachweise

  1. Bourguignat J. R. (1883): Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Serie 6, 15, Art. 2, S. 74.
  2. Schileyko A. A. (2000). Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae. Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. S. 828.
  3. Schileyko A. A. (2000). Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae. Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. S. 830.
  4. Germain (1921): Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des îles Mascareignes, S. 415, 461.
  5. H. A. Pilsbry (1919): Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 40, S. 180.
  6. B. Rowson, P. Tattersfield (2013). Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “Gulella radius group” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy 37, S. 1–46. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.37.
  7. J. Gerlach (2001): Conturbatia, a new genus of Streptaxidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) . Zoosystematics and Evolution 77 (2), S. 297–302. doi:10.1002/mmnz.20010770213.
  8. K. C. Emberton (2002): Parvedentulina and edentate Gulella of Madagascar (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 131 (1/2), S. 67–165. Zusammenfassung.
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia DE

Streptaxidae: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Streptaxidae ist der Name einer Familie von Schnecken aus der Unterordnung der Landlungenschnecken (Stylommatophora), die in tropischen Regionen Afrikas, Asiens und Südamerikas verbreitet sind. Es handelt sich um räuberische Schnecken, die sich vor allem von anderen Schnecken ernähren. Es gibt ungefähr 1000 Arten in 100 Gattungen.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia DE

Streptaxidae ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi.

Streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species Edentulina moreleti, which is herbivorous.[3] All streptaxids have well-developed radula, except Careoradula perelegans, which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula.[4]

Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List.[5]

Distribution

The historical area of origin of the Streptaxidae is probably Gondwanaland.[6]

The family is widely distributed across the tropical and subtropical areas of South America, Africa and Asia.[7] The Recent native distribution of Streptaxidae includes South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mayotte, Comores, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, India, Sri Lanka, Andamans, South-East Asia and the Philippines.[2] The genus Gibbulinella is found in the Canary Islands.[2]

The species diversity of Streptaxidae reaches its maximum in sub-Saharan Africa.[7]

With 13 genera and about 130 nominal species, the second most diverse streptaxid fauna can be found in Southeast Asia.[7] Streptaxidae are the most diverse among tropical Asian carnivorous snails.[7] In Indochina, streptaxid diversity was thought to comprise only 10 genera and about 40 species in 1967.[8] However, in 2006–2016, 21 new species (more than half the previous total) and one new genus had been described from Indochina.[8] Thirty-seven species are recorded from Thailand, 10 from Myanmar, 45 from Vietnam,[8][9] and 12 from Laos.[8]

Description

Streptaxids can generally be recognized by their eccentric or cylindrical shells, while the animals have a bright yellow to red or orange body with external hook-like structures on the everted penis.[7]

Early classifications of the family such as Wilhelm Kobelt (1905–6), used mainly shell shape and the arrangement of apertural dentition.[8] However, many shell characters are highly conserved or occur recurrently, making some species and genera difficult to separate.[8] The reproductive organs of streptaxids can also be taxonomically significant.[8]

Taxonomy

Prior to Schileyko's revision in 2000 only two subfamilies, the Streptaxinae and the Enneinae had been recognized, which were primarily based on their shell morphology.[7]

2005 taxonomy

Only the one family, Streptaxidae, was recognized within the Streptaxoidea in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).[10]

There are 6 subfamilies in the family Streptaxidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, that follows Schileyko (2000):[11]

  • Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 - synonym: Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883[12] - synonym: Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000[13]
  • Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000[14]
  • Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921[15] - synonyms: Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936
  • Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919[16]

2010 taxonomy

Sutcharit et al. (2010)[2] have established a new family Diapheridae within Streptaxoidea and they have added two genera Diaphera and Sinoennea into Diapheridae.[2]

In the recent decades, most of the taxonomic and systematic research on streptaxids has been performed on sub-Saharan African taxa.[7] Only a few publications focus on South American or Asian groups.[7]

Genera

Genera in the family Streptaxidae include:

Streptaxinae

Enneinae

Marconiinae

Odontartemoninae

Orthogibbinae

Unsorted to subfamily:

Notes

Synonyms

  • Subfamily Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936: synonym of Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921
  • Subfamily Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936: synonym of Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921
  • Subfamily Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883
  • Aberdaria Blume, 1965: synonym of Primigulella Pilsbry, 1919 (junior synonym)
  • Acanthenna: synonym of Acanthennea E. von Martens, 1898 (misspelling)
  • Adjua Chaper, 1885: synonym of Ptychotrema (Adjua) Chaper, 1885 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853 (original rank)
  • Alcidia Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Streptaxis Gray, 1837
  • Artemon H. Beck, 1837: synonym of Streptaxis Gray, 1837
  • Campylaxis Ancey, 1888: synonym of Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Carychiopsis E. von Martens, 1895: synonym of Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ptychotrema (Ennea) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Colpanostoma Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Tayloria (Tayloria) Bourguignat, 1890 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890 (junior synonym)
  • Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855[2] - type genus of the subfamily : synonym of Ptychotrema (Ennea) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Enneastrum L. Pfeiffer, 1856: synonym of Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ptychotrema (Ennea) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Eustreptaxis L. Pfeiffer, 1878: synonym of Streptaxis Gray, 1837 (objective junior synonym)
  • Eustreptostele Germain, 1915: synonym of Streptostele (Tomostele) Ancey, 1885: synonym of Tomostele Ancey, 1885
  • Gibbonsia Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930: synonym of Tayloria (Tayloria) Bourguignat, 1890 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890 (junior primary homonym of Gibbonsia Cooper, 1864)
  • Gibbulina Beck, 1837: synonym of Gibbus Montfort, 1810 (invalid; unnecessary replacement name for Gibbus Monfort, 1810)
  • Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930:[2] synonym of Tayloria (Tayloria) Bourguignat, 1890 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890
  • Haplonepion Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Ptychotrema (Haplonepion) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Huttonella Pfeiffer, 1855:[2] synonym of Gulella (Huttonella) L. Pfeiffer, 1856 represented as Gulella L. Pfeiffer, 1856
  • Idolum L. Pfeiffer, 1856: synonym of Gonidomus Swainson, 1840 (junior synonym)
  • Indoennea Kobelt, 1904:[2] synonym of Sinoennea Kobelt, 1904 (junior synonym)
  • Ischnostele C. R. Boettger, 1915: synonym of Streptostele (Raffraya) Bourguignat, 1883 represented as Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Luntia E.A. Smith, 1898: synonym of Streptostele (Tomostele) Ancey, 1885: synonym of Tomostele Ancey, 1885 (junior synonym)
  • Macrogonaxis Bequaert & Clench, 1936[21]:[2] synonym of Tayloria (Macrogonaxis) Thiele, 1932 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890
  • Marconia Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Gonaxis J. W. Taylor, 1877 (junior synonym)
  • Maurennea:[2] synonym of Gulella (Maurennea) Schileyko, 2000 represented as Gulella L. Pfeiffer, 1856
  • Nevillia E. von Martens, 1880: synonym of Microstrophia Möllendorff, 1887 (junior homonym of Nevillia H. Adams, 1868)
  • Oppenheimiella Pfeffer, 1930 : synonym of † Pfefferiola Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2021 (Invalid: junior homonym of Oppenheimiella Meunier, 1893 [Diptera]; Pfefferiola is a replacement name)
  • Orthogibbus Germain, 1919: synonym of Gonospira Swainson, 1840
  • Parennea Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Ptychotrema (Parennea) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Pseudartemon J. Mabille, 1887: synonym of Haploptychius Kobelt, 1905
  • Raffraya Bourguignat, 1883: synonym of Streptostele (Raffraya) Bourguignat, 1883 represented as Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Sinistrexcisa de Winter, Gómez & Prieto, 1999: synonym of Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Somalitayloria Verdcourt, 1962:[2] synonym of Tayloria (Somalitayloria) Verdcourt, 1962 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890
  • Stenomarconia Germain, 1934: synonym of Gonaxis (Stenomarconia) Germain, 1934 represented as Gonaxis J. W. Taylor, 1877
  • Thaumatogulella F. Haas, 1951: synonym of Mirellia Thiele, 1933
  • Varicostele Pilsbry, 1919:[2] synonym of Streptostele (Varicostele) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Webbia Odhner, 1932: synonym of Gibbulinella Wenz, 1920

See also

References

This article includes CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference[7] and CC-BY-4.0 from the reference[8]

  1. ^ Dadagulella is placed here, because Dadagulella and Gulella are supposed to be sister groups.
  1. ^ Gray J. E. (October 1860) "On the arrangement of the land pulmoniferous Mollusca into families". Annals and Magazine of Natural History, serie 3, 6: 267-269. Streptaxidae is on the page 268.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb Sutcharit, C.; Naggs, F.; Wade, C. M.; Fontanilla, I.; Panha, S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 160: 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
  3. ^ Gerlach, J (2001). "Edentulina moreleti, the first herbivorous streptaxid (Gastropoda)" (PDF). Phelsuma. 9: 75.
  4. ^ Gerlach, J.; van Bruggen, A. C. (1998). "A first record of a terrestrial mollusc without a radula". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 64 (2): 249–250. doi:10.1093/mollus/64.2.249.
  5. ^ IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. . Downloaded on 27 September 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Gerlach J. & Bruggen A. C. van (1999). "Streptaxidae Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean". Zoologische Verhandelingen 328: 1-60. abstract, PDF.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Siriboon, T.; Sutcharit, C.; Naggs, F.; Panha, S. (2013). "Three new species of the carnivorous snail genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 from Thailand (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae)". ZooKeys (287): 41–57. doi:10.3897/zookeys.287.4572. PMC 3677355. PMID 23794847.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Inkhavilay, Khamla; Siriboon, Thanit; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Rowson, Ben; Panha, Somsak (2016-05-16). "The first revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae in Laos, with description of three new species (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Streptaxidae)". ZooKeys (589): 23–53. doi:10.3897/zookeys.589.7933. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4926661. PMID 27408533. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  9. ^ Sang, Do Duc; Do Duc, Sang (2017). "Checklist of the genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) of Vietnam, with description of a new species". Folia Malacologica. 25 (2): 95–100. doi:10.12657/folmal.025.009. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  10. ^ a b Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  11. ^ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae; Chlamydephoridae; Systrophiidae; Haplotrematidae; Streptaxidae; Spiraxidae; Oleacinidae; Testacellidae". Ruthenica Supplement 2 Part 6: 731–880.
  12. ^ Bourguignat J. R. (1883) Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, serie 6, 15, Art. 2: page 74.
  13. ^ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 828.
  14. ^ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 830.
  15. ^ Germain (1921) Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des iles Mascareignes: 415, 461.
  16. ^ Pilsbry, H. A. (1919). "A review of the land mollusks of the Belgian Congo : chiefly based on the collections of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 40: 180.
  17. ^ Wenz, W. v. (1947). "Zur Taxonomie der Euthyneura". Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 76 (1): 336.
  18. ^ Rowson, B.; Tattersfield, P. (2013). "Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the "Gulella radius group" (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies"". European Journal of Taxonomy (37): 1–46. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.37.
  19. ^ Gerlach, J (2001). "Conturbatia, a new genus of Streptaxidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 77 (2): 297–302. doi:10.1002/mmnz.20010770213.
  20. ^ Emberton, K. C. (2002). "Parvedentulina and edentate Gulella of Madagascar (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxidae)" (PDF). Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 131 (1/2): 67–165. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/131/2002/67.
  21. ^ Bequaert, J.; Clench, W. J. (1936). ""Studies of African land and fresh-water mollusks. Notes on Gonaxis Taylor, with description of a new species"". Journal of Conchology. London. 20: 263–273.
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia authors and editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia EN

Streptaxidae: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi.

Streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species Edentulina moreleti, which is herbivorous. All streptaxids have well-developed radula, except Careoradula perelegans, which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula.

Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia authors and editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia EN

Streptaxidae ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Les Streptaxidae sont une famille d'escargots terrestres carnivores appartenant au clade des Stylommatophora. Six sous-familles de Streptaxidae sont acceptées dans la taxonomie des Gastropoda de Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).

Les streptaxidés sont carnivores, sauf une seule espèce, Edentulina moreleti (en), qui est herbivore[2]. Tous les streptaxidés ont une radula bien développée, sauf Careoradula perelegans (en), qui est le seul gastéropode terrestre connu sans radula[3].

66 espèces de la famille des Streptaxidae sont inscrites sur la Liste rouge 2010 de l'UICN[4].

Distribution

La zone d'origine historique des Streptaxidae est probablement le Gondwana[5].

La famille est largement répartie dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales d'Amérique du Sud, d'Afrique et d'Asie[6]. La distribution indigène récente des Streptaxidae comprend l'Amérique du Sud, l'Afrique, l'Arabie, Madagascar, les Seychelles, Mayotte et les Comores, Maurice, La Réunion, Rodrigues, l'Inde, le Sri Lanka, les Andamans, l'Asie du Sud-Est et les Philippines[7]. Le genre Gibbulinella se trouve aux îles Canaries.

La diversité des espèces de Streptaxidae atteint son maximum en Afrique subsaharienne[6].

Avec 13 genres et environ 130 espèces nomées, la deuxième faune de Streptaxidae la plus diversifiée se trouve en Asie du Sud-Est[6]. Les Streptaxidae sont les plus diversifiés des escargots carnivores tropicaux d'Asie. En Indochine, on pensait en 1967 qu'ils ne comptaient que 10 genres et environ 40 espèces[8]. Cependant, en 2006-2016, 21 nouvelles espèces (plus de la moitié du total précédent) et un nouveau genre y ont été décrits. Trente-sept espèces sont recensées en Thaïlande, 10 en Birmanie, 45 au Viêt Nam[8],[9] et 12 au Laos[8].

Description

 src=
cinq vues de la coquille lectotype d’Haploptychius fischeri.

Les streptaxidés peuvent généralement être reconnus à leurs coquilles excentriques ou cylindriques, et leur corps jaune vif à rouge ou orange, avec des structures externes en forme de crochet sur le pénis retourné[6].

Les premières classifications de la famille, comme celle de Wilhelm Kobelt (1905-1906), utilisaient principalement la forme de la coquille et la disposition de la dentition aperturale[8]. Cependant, de nombreux caractères de la coquille sont hautement conservés ou se retrouvent de manière récurrente, ce qui rend certaines espèces et certains genres difficiles à distinguer[8]. Les organes reproducteurs des streptaxidés peuvent également être taxonomiquement significatifs[8].

Taxonomie

Avant la révision de Schileyko en 2000, seules deux sous-familles, les Streptaxinae et les Enneinae, avaient été reconnues, principalement en fonction de la morphologie de leurs coquilles[6].

Taxonomie de 2005

Seule la famille des Streptaxidae, a été reconnue au sein des Streptaxoidea (en) dans la taxonomie de Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)[10].

Selon cette taxonomie, qui suit Schileyko (2000) sur ce point, il existe 6 sous-familles dans la famille des Streptaxidae[11] :

  • Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 - synonyme : Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883[12] - synonyme : Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000[13]
  • Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000[14]
  • Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921[15] - synonymes : Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936 ; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936
  • Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919[16]

Taxonomie de 2010

Sutcharit et al. (2010)[7] ont établi une nouvelle famille, les Diapheridae (en), au sein des Streptaxoidea et ils ont ajouté dans les Diapheridae deux genres, Diaphera (en) et Sinoennea (en)[7].

Au cours des dernières décennies, la plupart des recherches taxonomiques et systématiques sur les streptaxidés ont été effectuées sur des taxons d'Afrique subsaharienne[6]. Seules quelques publications concernent des groupes sud-américains ou asiatiques[6].

Genres

Les genres de la famille des Streptaxidae comprennent :

Streptaxinae

Enneinae

Marconiinae

Odontartemoninae

 src=
Trois vues de la coquille holotype de Microstrophia goudoti.

Orthogibbinae

Ptychotrematinae

Non-classés dans des sous-familles :

Notes :

Références

Cet article comprend le texte CC-BY-3.0 de la référence[6] et CC-BY-4.0 de la référence[8].

  1. Dadagulella est placé avec les Ptychotrematinae parce que Dadagulella et Gulella sont supposés être des groupes frères.
  1. (en) Gray J. E. (October 1860) "On the arrangement of the land pulmoniferous Mollusca into families". Annals and Magazine of Natural History, serie 3, 6: 267-269. Streptaxidae : page 268.
  2. (en) Gerlach, « Edentulina moreleti, the first herbivorous streptaxid (Gastropoda). », Phelsuma, vol. 9,‎ 2001, p. 75 (lire en ligne)
  3. (en) Gerlach et van Bruggen, « A first record of a terrestrial mollusc without a radula », Journal of Molluscan Studies, vol. 64, no 2,‎ 1998, p. 249–250 (DOI )
  4. (en) IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3 (consulté le 27 septembre 2010)
  5. a b c d e f et g (en) Gerlach J. & Bruggen A. C. van (1999). "Streptaxidae Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean". Zoologische Verhandelingen 328: 1-60. résumé, PDF.
  6. a b c d e f g et h (en) Siriboon, Sutcharit, Naggs et Panha, « Three new species of the carnivorous snail genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 from Thailand (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae) », ZooKeys, no 287,‎ 2013, p. 41–57 (PMID , PMCID , DOI )
  7. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg et bh (en) Sutcharit, Naggs, Wade et Fontanilla, « The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) », Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 160,‎ 2010, p. 1–16 (DOI )
  8. a b c d e f et g (en) Inkhavilay, Siriboon, Sutcharit et Rowson, « The first revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae in Laos, with description of three new species (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Streptaxidae) », ZooKeys, no 589,‎ 16 mai 2016, p. 23–53 (ISSN , PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 2 novembre 2017)
  9. (en) Sang et Do Duc, « Checklist of the genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) of Vietnam, with description of a new species », Folia Malacologica, vol. 25, no 2,‎ 2017, p. 95–100 (DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 2 novembre 2017)
  10. a et b Bouchet 2005
  11. (en) Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae; Chlamydephoridae; Systrophiidae; Haplotrematidae; Streptaxidae; Spiraxidae; Oleacinidae; Testacellidae". Ruthenica Supplement 2 Part 6: 731–880.
  12. Bourguignat J. R. (1883) Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, serie 6, 15, Art. 2: page 74.
  13. (en) Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 828.
  14. (en) Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 830.
  15. Germain (1921) Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des iles Mascareignes: 415, 461.
  16. (en) H. A. Pilsbry, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (en) volume 40, 1919 page 180.
  17. (de) W. v. Wenz, « Zur Taxonomie der Euthyneura », Archiv für Molluskenkunde, vol. 76, no 1,‎ 1947, p. 336
  18. (en) S. P. Dance, « Bruggennea n.gen., proposed for Recent streptaxids from Borneo (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) », Archiv für Molluskenkunde, vol. 102,‎ 1972, p. 131–132
  19. (en) J. Bequaert et W. J. Clench, « "Studies of African land and fresh-water mollusks. Notes on Gonaxis Taylor, with description of a new species". Journal of Conchology », London, vol. 20,‎ 1936, p. 263–273
  20. (en) B. Rowson et P. Tattersfield, « Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the "Gulella radius group" (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies" », European Journal of Taxonomy, vol. 37, no 37,‎ 2013, p. 1–46 (DOI )
  21. (en) J Gerlach, « Conturbatia, a new genus of Streptaxidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) », Zoosystematics and Evolution, vol. 77, no 2,‎ 2001, p. 297–302 (DOI )
  22. (en) K. C. Emberton, « Parvedentulina and edentate Gulella of Madagascar (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxidae) », Archiv für Molluskenkunde, vol. 131, nos 1/2,‎ 2002, p. 67–165 (DOI , lire en ligne)

Bibliographie complémentaire

  • (de) Zilch, « Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae », Archiv für Molluskenkunde, vol. 90,‎ 1961, p. 79–120
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia FR

Streptaxidae: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Les Streptaxidae sont une famille d'escargots terrestres carnivores appartenant au clade des Stylommatophora. Six sous-familles de Streptaxidae sont acceptées dans la taxonomie des Gastropoda de Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).

Les streptaxidés sont carnivores, sauf une seule espèce, Edentulina moreleti (en), qui est herbivore. Tous les streptaxidés ont une radula bien développée, sauf Careoradula perelegans (en), qui est le seul gastéropode terrestre connu sans radula.

66 espèces de la famille des Streptaxidae sont inscrites sur la Liste rouge 2010 de l'UICN.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia FR

Streptaxidae ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Streptaxidae J.E. Gray, 1860 è una famiglia di molluschi gasteropodi polmonati dell'ordine Stylommatophora.[1]

Biologia

La gran parte delle specie della famiglia è carnivora, con l'eccezione di Edentulina moreleti che è erbivora.[2]

Come tutti i gasteropodi carnivori gli streptaxidi hanno una radula ben sviluppata, con l'eccezione di Careoradula perelegans, che è l'unico gasteropode terrestre che ne sia privo.[3]

Distribuzione e habitat

La famiglia ha probabilmente una origine gondwaniana[4] ed è ampiamente distribuita nelle aree tropicali e subtropicali di Sud America, Africa e Asia. La maggiore biodiversità è concentrata nell'Africa subsahariana.[5][6] È presente nelle isole Canarie nonché in Madagascar e nelle isole Seychelles, Mayotte, Comore, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, Sri Lanka, Andamane e Filippine.[7]

Tassonomia

La famiglia è suddivisa nelle seguenti sottofamiglie:[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) MolluscaBase eds. 2020, Streptaxidae J.E. Gray, 1860, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 7 novembre 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Gerlach J., Edentulina moreleti, the first herbivorous streptaxid (Gastropoda) (PDF), in Phelsuma, vol. 9, 2001, p. 75.
  3. ^ (EN) Gerlach J., van Bruggen A.C., A first record of a terrestrial mollusc without a radula, in Journal of Molluscan Studies, vol. 64, n. 2, 1998, pp. 249–250, DOI:10.1093/mollus/64.2.249.
  4. ^ (EN) Gerlach J. & van Bruggen A.C., Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean, in Zoologische Verhandelingen, vol. 328, 1999, pp. 1-60.
  5. ^ (EN) van Bruggen A.C., An introduction to the pulmonate family Streptaxidae, in Journal of Conchology, vol. 26, 1967, pp. 181–188.
  6. ^ (EN) Siriboon T., Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Panha S., Three new species of the carnivorous snail genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 from Thailand (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae), in ZooKeys, vol. 287, 2013, pp. 41–57, DOI:10.3897/zookeys.287.4572.
  7. ^ (EN) Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C.M. et al., The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 160, 2010, pp. 1–16, DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.

Bibliografia

 title=
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia IT

Streptaxidae: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia IT

Streptaxidae ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Streptaxidae é uma família da ordem Stylommatophora. É a única família da superfamília Streptaxoidea.

 title=
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia PT