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Turbinidae Rafinesque 1815

Turbanschnecken ( 德語 )

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 src=
Pomaulax gibberosus

Die Turbanschnecken (Turbinidae) sind eine große Familie meeresbewohnender, pflanzenfressender Schnecken mit mehreren hundert Arten.

Merkmale

Die rechtsgewundenen, meist dickwandigen Gehäuse der Turbanschnecken sind kugelförmig bis kreiselförmig. Die Oberfläche kann glatt oder auch stärker skulpturiert sein. Die Innenseite der Gehäuse weist Perlmutt auf. Von den ähnlichen Kreiselschnecken sind sie gut durch das kalkige Operculum zu unterscheiden, das durch seine Festigkeit einen relativ guten Schutz gegen Fressfeinde bietet.

Verbreitung und Lebensweise

Die Turbanschnecken sind in allen Meeren von den Polarregionen bis zu den Tropen sowohl in geringen als auch großen Tiefen zu finden, doch leben die meisten Arten in seichten tropischen und subtropischen Gewässern. Sie ernähren sich von Algen und Detritus.

Systematik

Bouchet und Rocroi (2005) stellen die Turbanschnecken zu den Vetigastropoda, einer Überordnung in der Unterklasse Orthogastropoda. Sie unterteilen die Familie in 8 Unterfamilien:

  • Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 – Synonyme: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
  • Angariinae Gray, 1857 – Synonym: Delphinulinae Stoliczka, 1868
  • Colloniinae Cossmann, 1917
    • Tribus Colloniini Cossmann, 1917 – Synonym: Bothropomatinae Thiele, 1924 (inv.); Homalopomatinae Keen, 1960; Petropomatinae Cox, 1960
    • Tribus † Adeorbisinini Monari, Conti & Szabo, 1995
    • Tribus † Crossostomatini Cox, 1960
    • Tribus † Helicocryptini Cox, 1960
  • Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
  • Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997
  • Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990 – Synonym: Prisogastrinae in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) (Schreibfehler)[1]
  • Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 – Synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924
  • Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

Die Turbanschnecken (Turbinidae) wurden in dem nicht mehr aktuellen System nach Johannes Thiele zu den Altschnecken (Archaeogastropoda), eine Ordnung der Vorderkiemerschnecken (Prosobranchia) gestellt.

Literatur

  • A. Alf, K. Kreipl, G. T. Poppe: The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Guido T. Poppe, Klaus Groh. (Hrsg.): A Conchological Iconography. 68 Seiten, 95 Farbtafeln. ConchBooks, Hackenheim 2003. ISBN 3-925919-27-9.
  • S. T. Williams, S. Karube, T. Ozawa (2008): Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta 37(5), S. 483–506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda. Malacologia, 47: 239–283, Ann Arbor 2005
  • C. S. Hickman, J. H. McLean (1990): Systematic revision and suprageneric classification of Trochacean gastropods. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 35, S. 1–169.

Einzelnachweise

  1. World Register of Marine Species, Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
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Turbanschnecken: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供
 src= Pomaulax gibberosus

Die Turbanschnecken (Turbinidae) sind eine große Familie meeresbewohnender, pflanzenfressender Schnecken mit mehreren hundert Arten.

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Turbinidae ( 米蘭德斯語 )

由wikipedia emerging_languages提供

Turbenidae, ó caracoles turbante, son ua família de pequeinhos a grandes búzios. Ls nembros de la família Turbenidae apersentan un grosso ouperculun calcairo l que ls permite çtinguir de la família Trochidae.

Géneros

 src=
La cuncha de Guildfordie yoka, un turbinídeo d'augas perfundas.

La família Turbenidae anclui ls seguintes géneros:

Turbeninae[2]

Skeneinae[3]

Studos moleculares recentes sugíren qu'alguns de ls géneros ancluídos an Skeneinae probabelmente pertencen l'outras famílias, pul qu'esta lista debe ser ancarda cumo probisória[6][7]

Margaritinae

Tegulinae[9]

Prisogasterinae

Moelleriinae

Notas

  1. Gofas, S. (2009). Turbeninae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Acessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225151 on 2010-04-19
  2. WoRMS (2010). Skeneidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Acessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=115 on 2010-04-19
  3. WoRMS (2009). Dillwynella. Acessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=413477 on 2010-04-19
  4. WoRMS (2009). Tharsis Jeffreys, 1883. Acessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=437228 on 2010-04-19
  5. Kano, Yasunori (2008). «Betigastropod phylogeny and la new cuncet of Seguenzioidea: andependent eibolution of copulatory ourganes in the dep-sea habitats». Zologica Scrita (1): 1–21. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00316.x
  6. «Morphological, ecological and molecular charaterization of the enigmatic planispiral snail genus Adeuomphalus (Betigastropoda: Seguenzioidea)». Journal of Molluscan Studies (4): 397–418. 2009. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp037
  7. Gofas, S. (2010). Margarites Gray, 1847. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Acessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138592 on 2010-04-19
  8. WoRMS (2009). Tegulinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Acessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382195 on 2010-04-19
  9. Gofas, S. (2009). Prisogasterinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Acessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382193 on 2010-04-19
  10. Gofas, S. (2009). Moellerie Jeffreys, 1865. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Acessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138606 on 2010-04-19

Modelo:Links

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Turbinidae: Brief Summary ( 米蘭德斯語 )

由wikipedia emerging_languages提供

Turbenidae, ó caracoles turbante, son ua família de pequeinhos a grandes búzios. Ls nembros de la família Turbenidae apersentan un grosso ouperculun calcairo l que ls permite çtinguir de la família Trochidae.

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Turbinidae ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.[1]

Description

Turbinidae have a strong, thick calcareous operculum readily distinguishing them from the somewhat similar Trochidae or top snails, which have a corneous operculum. This strong operculum serves as a passive defensive structure against predators that try to enter by way of the aperture or that would break the shell at the outer lip. These operculum are rounded ovals that are flat with a swirl design on one side and domed on the other. They are known as Pacific cat's eye or Shiva eye shells or mermaid money, and are used for decorative purposes.

Etymology

The common name turban snail presumably refers to the shell's similarity in appearance to a turban. However, the scientific name Turbinidae is based on the genus name Turbo, which is Latin for spinning top, a child's toy. The word turbine has a similar derivation.

Taxonomy

Previously they were classified in the subclass Prosobranchia, in the order Archaeogastropoda in the superfamily Trochacea. Trochaecea is now a synonym for the superfamily Trochoidea. However, this is a quite ancient group of gastropods, probably originating in the Permian period 298 to 250 million years ago.[2] They have typical primitive characters like the nacreous interior of the shell.

2005 taxonomy

Turbinidae belongs to superfamily Turbinoidea according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

This family consists of eight following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):

  • Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
  • Angariinae Gray, 1857 - synonym: Delphinulinae Stoliczka, 1868
  • Colloniinae Cossmann, 1917
    • tribe Colloniini Cossmann, 1917 - synonym: Bothropomatinae Thiele, 1924 (inv.); Homalopomatinae Keen, 1960; Petropomatinae Cox, 1960
    • tribe † Adeorbisinini Monari, Conti & szabo, 1995
    • tribe † Crossostomatini Cox, 1960
    • tribe † Helicocryptini Cox, 1960
  • Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
  • Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997
  • Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990 - synonym: "Prisogastrinae" in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) is a spelling error.[3]
  • Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 - synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924
  • Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

2008 taxonomy

Astraea rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767), a fossil turbinid from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Turbinidae was redefined and moved to the redefined superfamily Trochoidea according to Williams et al. (2008):[4] Angariidae was elevated to family level, Colloniinae was elevated to family Colloniidae within Phasianelloidea,[4] Margaritinae was moved to Turbinidae from Trochidae.[4]

This family consists of five following subfamilies according to Williams et al. (2008):[4]

  • Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
  • Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 - synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924 (upgraded to the rank of family Skeneidae)
  • Margaritinae Thiele, 1924 - tribes are sensu taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) - upgraded to the rank of family Margaritidae
    • tribe Margaritini Thiele, 1924 - synonym: Margaritinae Stoliczka, 1868 (inv.)
    • tribe Gazini Hickman & McLean, 1990
    • tribe Kaiparathinini Marshall, 1993
  • Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971: upgraded to the rank of family Tegulidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971
  • Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990

The following subfamilies (sensu Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) classification of subfamilies in Turbinidae) were kept in Turbinidae:

Distribution

Turbinids occur in shallow and deep waters. The family has a large distribution, from the tropics to the polar regions, but most of the species live in tropical and subtropical shallow waters.

Genera

The shell of Guildfordia yoka, a deep water turbinid

Genera in the family Turbinidae include:

Not belonging to any subfamily
Turbininae[6]
Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
Genera brought into synonymy
  • Astrea Link, 1807: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
  • Agathistoma Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of Tegula Lesson, 1832
  • Amyxa Troschel, 1852: synonym of Prisogaster Mörch, 1850
  • Calcar Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Canthorbis Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
  • Cardinalia Gray, 1842: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
  • Crosseia P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Crossea A. Adams, 1865
  • Cyclocantha Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Dinassovica Iredale, 1937: synonym of Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
  • Distellifer Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Foliastralium Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Galeoastraea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Halopsephus Rehder, 1943: synonym of Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
  • Harisazaea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Imperator Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
  • Incilaster Finlay, 1926: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Livona Gray, 1842: synonym of Cittarium Philippi, 1847
  • Lunatica Röding, 1798: synonym of Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
  • Macropelmus Gistel, 1848: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Margarita Leach, 1819: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847
  • Micrastraea Cotton, 1939: synonym of Bellastraea Iredale, 1924
  • Notosetia Iredale, 1915: synonym of Putilla A. Adams, 1867
  • Okinawastraea Habe & Okutani, 1981: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Oobolma Sacco, 1896 : synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Ormastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Pachypoma Gray, 1850: synonym of Lithopoma Gray, 1850
  • Pagocalcar Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Pyramidea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
  • Pyramis Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
  • Rugastella Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Senobolma Okutani, 1964: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Stella P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Submargarita Strebel, 1908: synonym of Lissotesta Iredale, 1915
  • Tharsiella Bush, 1897: synonym of Cirsonella Angas, 1877
  • Trochiscus G.B. Sowerby I, 1838: synonym of Norrisia Bayle, 1880
  • Tylastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Valvatella Gray, 1857: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847

References

  1. ^ Bouchet, P. (2014). Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=503 on 2014-07-28
  2. ^ Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, ISBN 3-925919-27-9.
  3. ^ a b Gofas, S. (2009). Prisogasterinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382193 on 2010-04-19
  4. ^ a b c d e Williams S. T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (September 2008) "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta 37(5): 483-506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
  5. ^ Search for Moelleria, National Center for Biotechnology Information, accessed 19 April 2010.
  6. ^ Gofas, S. (2009). Turbininae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225151 on 2010-04-19
  7. ^ Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1-82, pls 104-245.
  • Marshall, B.A. 1988. Skeneidae, Vitrinellidae and Orbitestellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) associated with biogenic substrata from bathyal depths off New Zealand and New South Wales. Journal of Natural History 22(4): 949-1004.
  • Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
  • Williams S.T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (2008) Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta 37: 483–506.

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Turbinidae: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.

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Turbinidae ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供
 src=
Un Turbo petholatus vivant, avec son opercule caractéristique.

Les Turbinidae sont une famille de mollusques gastéropodes de l'ordre des Archaeogastropoda. Elle a été créée par Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840) en 1815.

Les espèces de cette famille sont célèbres pour leur opercule massif et minéralisé, souvent retrouvé isolé sur les plages (la coquille des individus morts étant le plus souvent appropriée par un pagure) et utilisés en bijouterie ou comme porte-bonheur sous le nom d'Œil de Sainte Lucie.

Liste des genres

Selon World Register of Marine Species (25 octobre 2014)[2] :

Références taxonomiques

Notes et références

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Turbinidae: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供
 src= Un Turbo petholatus vivant, avec son opercule caractéristique.

Les Turbinidae sont une famille de mollusques gastéropodes de l'ordre des Archaeogastropoda. Elle a été créée par Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840) en 1815.

Les espèces de cette famille sont célèbres pour leur opercule massif et minéralisé, souvent retrouvé isolé sur les plages (la coquille des individus morts étant le plus souvent appropriée par un pagure) et utilisés en bijouterie ou comme porte-bonheur sous le nom d'Œil de Sainte Lucie.

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Turbinidae ( 義大利語 )

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Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815 è una famiglia di molluschi gasteropodi della sottoclasse Vetigastropoda.[1]

Descrizione

Conchiglie di dimensioni variabili da piccole a grandi, spesso di forma piuttosto diversa: da turbiniforme a coniforme, da conchiglie con spire arrotondate, periferia e base a forme con spire rettilinee con angolazione periferica, base piatta. Scultura da liscia a ben espressa, spesso pustolosa, squamosa o con creste e sporgenze assiali o spirali, a volte molto variabili all'interno delle specie. Apertura marcatamente obliqua, interno madreperlaceo. Callo columellare che ricopre l'ombelico, la maggior parte della base presente in alcuni generi; conchiglie giovanili bicarinate, ombelicate. Opercolo calcareo, con vortici posteriori che si espandono rapidamente, cambiando da multispirale a paucispirale,[2] inserendosi perfettamente nell'apertura; superficie esterna convessa, da liscia a variamente scolpita; alcune specie con una colorazione spettacolare picchiettata.[3]

L'opercolo di questi gasteropodi è utilizzato in gioielleria con il nome di "occhio di Santa Lucia" per la produzione di orecchini, pendagli, gemelli ed altri gioielli.[4]

La maggior parte delle specie Turbinidae vive su substrati duri da acque poco profonde a circa 30 metri.[3]

Tassonomia

La tassonomia di questa famiglia ha subito nel tempo diverse variazioni. In particolare la precedente separazione delle due famiglie trocoidi Trochidae e Turbinidae sulla base di un opercolo calcificato in Turbinidae e di un opercolo corneo in Trochidae, è stata abolita nella revisione di Hickman & McLean (1990), ma le due famiglie sono state mantenute.[5] Oggi, Turbinidae contiene solo le ex famiglie Turbininae e Prisogasterinae, ora sottofamiglie, mentre le Liotiidae, Angariidae, Tegulidae, Colloniidae e Phasianellidae sono considerate famiglie valide e separate.[3] Attualmente quindi la famiglia conta 2 sottofamiglie e 16 generi, di cui due estinti:[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Turbinidae, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 6 luglio 2020.
  2. ^ Cioè composto da poche spirali, tipicamente 1-1,5.
  3. ^ a b c Axel Alf, Op. citata, pag. 77.
  4. ^ Occhio di Santa Lucia, su LaMaddalena.info. URL consultato il 13 agosto 2020.
  5. ^ Axel Alf, Op. citata, pag. 70.

Bibliografia

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Turbinidae: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

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Turbinidae ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

Turbinidae (tulbanden of tulbandschelpen[1]) is een familie van slakken (weekdieren), die voorkomen in alle warme wateren in de Grote Oceaan en de Indische Oceaan voornamelijk op koraalriffen (sublitoraal) (Indo- Pacifische provincie).

Genera en soorten

Taxonomie volgens WoRMS

Onderfamilies

Geslachten

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Turbinidae op www.anemoon.org
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Turbinidae: Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供
 src= Turbo sarmaticus

Turbinidae (tulbanden of tulbandschelpen) is een familie van slakken (weekdieren), die voorkomen in alle warme wateren in de Grote Oceaan en de Indische Oceaan voornamelijk op koraalriffen (sublitoraal) (Indo- Pacifische provincie).

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Turbany ( 波蘭語 )

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Turbinidae Muszle przykładowych turbanów: Turbo petholatus (po lewej) oraz Turbo brunneus
Muszle przykładowych turbanów: Turbo petholatus (po lewej) oraz Turbo brunneus Systematyka Domena eukarionty Królestwo zwierzęta Typ mięczaki Gromada ślimaki Rząd Vetigastropoda Rodzina turbany

Turbany (łac. Turbinidae) – rodzina ślimaków morskich.

Do rodziny turbanów należy wiele znanych gatunków zaliczanych do około 50 rodzajów. Główne rodzaje to:

  • Astrea
  • Guildfordia
  • Turbo, najważniejszy, dzielący się na podrodzaje:
    • Batillus
    • Callopoma
    • Lunatica
    • Lunella
    • Marmarostoma
    • Ninella
    • Ocana
    • Sarmaticus
    • Taeniaturbo
    • Turbo

Powierzchnia zewnętrzna muszli może być gładka, często bardzo kolorowa, albo urozmaicona spiralnie biegnącymi powrózkami, kolcami lub guzkami. Ostatni skręt charakteryzuje się nieproporcjonalnie większym rozdęciem niż skręty skrętki, dzięki czemu muszli przybiera wygląd trąbki. Ujście jest okrągłe lub eliptyczne, a jego wnętrze wyłożone warstwą perłową. Wrzeciono gładkie. U niektórych występuje dołek osiowy. Bardzo charakterystycznie wygląda wieczko: jest zwykle masywne, wapienne, kształtu okrągłego lub owalnego, niekiedy bardzo kolorowe i rzeźbione. Przód wieczka zazwyczaj wypukły, a na płaskim tyle widać spiralną strukturę budowy. Budowa wieczek jest jedną z ważniejszych cech pomagającą na pierwszy rzut oka odróżnić rodzinę turbanów od skrępów (Trochidae).

Ślimaki mają charakterystyczną wielką nogę, często prosto ściętą z przodu. Po obu jej bokach, w części grzbietowo-bocznej biegnie podłużny fałd zwany epipodium, od którego odchodzą długie czułki. Para długich czułków osadzona jest również na dobrze rozwiniętej głowie, dwa oczka znajdują się u ich podstawy. Ślimaki żywią się różnymi roślinami, najczęściej algami. Są rozdzielnopłciowe. Samice składają jaja wprost do wody. Z jaj wykluwają się wolno pływające larwy. Turbany zamieszkują płycizny morskie, pod rafami koralowymi lub porośnięte roślinnością łąki morskie.

Bibliografia

  • Wąsowski Rafał, Przewodnik MUSZLE, Wyd. Multico, Warszawa 2000

Zobacz też

Galeria

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Turbany: Brief Summary ( 波蘭語 )

由wikipedia POL提供

Turbany (łac. Turbinidae) – rodzina ślimaków morskich.

Do rodziny turbanów należy wiele znanych gatunków zaliczanych do około 50 rodzajów. Główne rodzaje to:

Astrea Guildfordia Turbo, najważniejszy, dzielący się na podrodzaje: Batillus Callopoma Lunatica Lunella Marmarostoma Ninella Ocana Sarmaticus Taeniaturbo Turbo

Powierzchnia zewnętrzna muszli może być gładka, często bardzo kolorowa, albo urozmaicona spiralnie biegnącymi powrózkami, kolcami lub guzkami. Ostatni skręt charakteryzuje się nieproporcjonalnie większym rozdęciem niż skręty skrętki, dzięki czemu muszli przybiera wygląd trąbki. Ujście jest okrągłe lub eliptyczne, a jego wnętrze wyłożone warstwą perłową. Wrzeciono gładkie. U niektórych występuje dołek osiowy. Bardzo charakterystycznie wygląda wieczko: jest zwykle masywne, wapienne, kształtu okrągłego lub owalnego, niekiedy bardzo kolorowe i rzeźbione. Przód wieczka zazwyczaj wypukły, a na płaskim tyle widać spiralną strukturę budowy. Budowa wieczek jest jedną z ważniejszych cech pomagającą na pierwszy rzut oka odróżnić rodzinę turbanów od skrępów (Trochidae).

Ślimaki mają charakterystyczną wielką nogę, często prosto ściętą z przodu. Po obu jej bokach, w części grzbietowo-bocznej biegnie podłużny fałd zwany epipodium, od którego odchodzą długie czułki. Para długich czułków osadzona jest również na dobrze rozwiniętej głowie, dwa oczka znajdują się u ich podstawy. Ślimaki żywią się różnymi roślinami, najczęściej algami. Są rozdzielnopłciowe. Samice składają jaja wprost do wody. Z jaj wykluwają się wolno pływające larwy. Turbany zamieszkują płycizny morskie, pod rafami koralowymi lub porośnięte roślinnością łąki morskie.

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Turbinidae ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Turbinidae, ou caracóis turbante, são uma família de pequenos a grandes búzios. Os membros da família Turbinidae apresentam um grosso operculum calcário o que os permite distinguir da família Trochidae.

Géneros

 src=
A concha de Guildfordia yoka, um turbinídeo de águas profundas.

A família Turbinidae inclui os seguintes géneros:

Turbininae[1]

Skeneinae[2]

Estudos moleculares recentes sugerem que alguns dos géneros incluídos em Skeneinae provavelmente pertencem a outras famílias, pelo que esta lista deve ser encarda como provisória[5][6]

Margaritinae

Tegulinae[8]

Prisogasterinae

Moelleriinae

Notas

  1. Gofas, S. (2009). Turbininae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225151 on 2010-04-19
  2. WoRMS (2010). Skeneidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=115 on 2010-04-19
  3. WoRMS (2009). Dillwynella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=413477 on 2010-04-19
  4. WoRMS (2009). Tharsis Jeffreys, 1883. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=437228 on 2010-04-19
  5. Kano, Yasunori (2008). «Vetigastropod phylogeny and a new concept of Seguenzioidea: independent evolution of copulatory organs in the deep-sea habitats». Zoologica Scripta. 37 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00316.x
  6. Kano, Yasunori; Chikyu, Eri; Warén, Anders (2009). «Morphological, ecological and molecular characterization of the enigmatic planispiral snail genus Adeuomphalus (Vetigastropoda: Seguenzioidea)». Journal of Molluscan Studies. 75 (4): 397–418. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp037
  7. Gofas, S. (2010). Margarites Gray, 1847. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138592 on 2010-04-19
  8. WoRMS (2009). Tegulinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382195 on 2010-04-19
  9. Gofas, S. (2009). Prisogasterinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382193 on 2010-04-19
  10. Gofas, S. (2009). Moelleria Jeffreys, 1865. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138606 on 2010-04-19

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Turbinidae: Brief Summary ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Turbinidae, ou caracóis turbante, são uma família de pequenos a grandes búzios. Os membros da família Turbinidae apresentam um grosso operculum calcário o que os permite distinguir da família Trochidae.

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Turbovité ( 斯洛伐克語 )

由wikipedia SK提供

Turbovité alebo staršie turbanovky (Turbinidae) sú čeľaď predožiabrých ulitníkov. Sú to stredne veľké až veľké slimáky teplých morí. Ulita pôsobí mohutným dojmom (pri veľkosti 4 – 20 cm), je viac-menej izodiametrická, s prvým a sčasti i druhým závitom turbanovito nadutým. Z pestrých dekoratívnych druhov tropických morí môžeme spomenúť Turbo marmoratus a Turbo petiolatus.

Iné projekty

  • Spolupracuj na Commons Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému Turbovité
  • Spolupracuj na Wikidruhoch Wikidruhy ponúkajú informácie na tému Turbovité

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Turbovité: Brief Summary ( 斯洛伐克語 )

由wikipedia SK提供

Turbovité alebo staršie turbanovky (Turbinidae) sú čeľaď predožiabrých ulitníkov. Sú to stredne veľké až veľké slimáky teplých morí. Ulita pôsobí mohutným dojmom (pri veľkosti 4 – 20 cm), je viac-menej izodiametrická, s prvým a sčasti i druhým závitom turbanovito nadutým. Z pestrých dekoratívnych druhov tropických morí môžeme spomenúť Turbo marmoratus a Turbo petiolatus.

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Turbinsnäckor ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Turbinsnäckor (Turbinidae) är en familj skalbärande och havslevande snäckor. Familjen är särskilt artrik i tropiska och varma tempererade grunda vatten. Många arter lever kring korallrev eller klipprev eller i intertidalzonen vid klippiga stränder. Typsläktet för familjen är Turbo.

Kännetecken

Turbinsnäckor har ett spiralvridet och ganska tjockt skal, ofta med spetsig topp men det finns också arter som har mindre spetsig och mer knölformig topp. Ytstrukturen på skalet varierar mycket mellan arterna, från relativt slät till knölig och räfflad och en del arter har kortare eller längre tagglika utskott. Skalöppningen är mer eller mindre rundad och sifonkanal saknas. Insidan på skalet är vitaktig och pärlskimrande och innerläppen är slät. Umbilicus finns åtminstone hos unga snäckor. Formen på skalet och vissa arters tilltalande färger och mönster gör att en del turbinsnäckor är eftertraktade för dekorativa ändamål.[1]

Turbinsnäckor kan dra sig in i sitt skal och stänga öppningen till skalet med ett lock, som kallas operculum. Detta lock är jämförelsevis tjock och det är också stark då det har en hård kalkartad utsida. Locket skyddar det mjuka djuret inne i skalet mot predatorer som försöker komma åt det genom skalets öppning.[1]

Levnadssätt

Turbinsnäckor är herbivorer som livnär sig på att beta alger och på vegetabilisk detritus. Gruppen är skildkönad och har frisimmande planktoniska larver. Äggsamlingarna skyddas av ett geleartat hölje.[1]

Turbinsnäckor och människor

Vissa arter av turbinsnäckor samlas i delar av världen in för sina vackra skal, eller för att de är eftersökta i akvariehandeln till saltvattensakvarier. Tomma skal kan också säljas som hus för eremitkräftor som hålls som husdjur.

Lokalt förekommer det att vissa arter turbinsnäckor fiskas för att ätas[1] exempelvis Turbo cornutus som ses som en delikatess i Japan.

Kommersiell exploatering har i en del fall varit förödande för lokala populationer.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e] Turbinidae i FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes

Externa länkar

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Turbinsnäckor: Brief Summary ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Turbinsnäckor (Turbinidae) är en familj skalbärande och havslevande snäckor. Familjen är särskilt artrik i tropiska och varma tempererade grunda vatten. Många arter lever kring korallrev eller klipprev eller i intertidalzonen vid klippiga stränder. Typsläktet för familjen är Turbo.

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Ốc xà cừ ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Ốc xà cừ (danh pháp khoa học: Turbinidae) là một họ ốc biển động vật chân bụng, là loài quý hiếm, được dùng trong kĩ nghệ khảm trai và là loài có giá trị kinh tế nhất trong các loại xà cừ.

Các chi

 src=
Vỏ của Guildfordia yoka, một loài turbinid nước sâu.

Các chi trong họ Turbinidae gồm:

Turbininae[2]

Skeneinae[3]

Các bằng chứng phân tử gần đây cho thấy rắng một số chi trong Skeneinae có lẽ thuộc các họ khác, do đó các xếp loại như thế này phải được xem là tạm thời.[6][7]

Margaritinae

Tegulinae[9]

Prisogasterinae

Moelleriinae

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Williams S. T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (September 2008) "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta 37(5): 483-506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
  2. ^ “WoRMS”. Truy cập 1 tháng 10 năm 2015.
  3. ^ “WoRMS”. Truy cập 29 tháng 4 năm 2015.
  4. ^ “WoRMS”. Truy cập 29 tháng 4 năm 2015.
  5. ^ “WoRMS”. Truy cập 29 tháng 4 năm 2015.
  6. ^ Kano, Yasunori (tháng 1 2008). “Vetigastropod phylogeny and a new concept of Seguenzioidea: independent evolution of copulatory organs in the deep-sea habitats”. Zoologica Scripta 37 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00316.x. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp); Kiểm tra giá trị ngày tháng trong: |date= (trợ giúp)
  7. ^ Kano, Yasunori; Chikyu, Eri; Warén, Anders (2009). “Morphological, ecological and molecular characterization of the enigmatic planispiral snail genus Adeuomphalus (Vetigastropoda: Seguenzioidea)”. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75 (4): 397–418. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp037.
  8. ^ “WoRMS”. Truy cập 29 tháng 4 năm 2015.
  9. ^ “WoRMS”. Truy cập 29 tháng 4 năm 2015.
  10. ^ Gofas, S. (2009). Prisogasterinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Truy cập through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382193 on ngày 19 tháng 4 năm 2010
  11. ^ “WoRMS”. Truy cập 29 tháng 4 năm 2015.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ Ốc xà cừ (Turbinidae) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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wikipedia VI

Ốc xà cừ: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Ốc xà cừ (danh pháp khoa học: Turbinidae) là một họ ốc biển động vật chân bụng, là loài quý hiếm, được dùng trong kĩ nghệ khảm trai và là loài có giá trị kinh tế nhất trong các loại xà cừ.

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Турбиниды ( 俄語 )

由wikipedia русскую Википедию提供
без подсемейства
Turbininae[7]
Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990

Примечания

  1. Московская Н. Раковины мира. История, коллекционирование, искусство. — М.: Аквариум-Принт, Харвест, 2007. — 256 с. — ISBN 978-5-98435-602-2.
  2. Жирмунский А. В. Животные и растения залива Петра Великого. — Л.: Наука, 1976. — 362 с.
  3. 1 2 Ершов В. Е., Кантор Ю. И. Морские раковины. Краткий определитель. — М.: Курсив, 2008. — 288 с. — 3 000 экз.ISBN 978-5-89592-059-6.
  4. Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005). «Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families». Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1-2): 1-397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997
  5. 1 2 Gofas, S. (2009). Prisogasterinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382193 on 2010-04-19
  6. 1 2 3 4 Williams S. T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (September 2008) «Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined». Zoologica Scripta 37(5): 483—506. DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
  7. Gofas, S. (2009). Turbininae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225151 on 2010-04-19
  8. Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1-82, pls 104—245.
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Турбиниды: Brief Summary ( 俄語 )

由wikipedia русскую Википедию提供
 src= Guildfordia yoka без подсемейства Phanerolepida Dall, 1907 Tropidomarga Powell, 1951 Turbininae  src= Lithopoma tectum Astraea Röding, 1798 Astralium Link, 1807 Bellastraea Iredale, 1924 Bolma Risso, 1826 Cookia Lesson, 1832 Guildfordia Gray, 1850 Lithopoma Gray, 1850 Lunella Röding, 1798 Megastraea McLean, 1970 Modelia Gray, 1850 Pomaulax Gray, 1850 Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 — typus Uvanilla Gray, 1850 Yaronia Mienis, 2011 Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990 Prisogaster Mörch, 1850
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蝾螺科 ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供

蝾螺科(學名:Turbinidae)是一個包括有小型到大型海洋腹足纲软体动物的一個[1]。舊屬原始腹足目,現時蠑螺科是鐘螺目鐘螺總科之下的一個科[2]

本科在2005年的分類很龐大,包含多個亞科與物種[3],但這些亞科後來都從蠑螺科獨立出來,組成各自的科與總科,到現在又重聚到鐘螺總科之下[2]

型態特徵

本科物種的一大特徵,是其鈣質口蓋英语Operculum (gastropod),使之與非常近似但有着角質口蓋的鐘螺科物種分辨開來。蠑螺科物種堅固的口蓋成為了牠們的一種被動的防禦構造,得以抵擋捕食者嘗試從其殼口英语aperture (mollusc)或殼唇進侵其柔軟的身體。

贝壳多呈陀螺形。分布于热带、亚热带、温带的海洋,以热带水域为多,栖息于潮间带到浅海之岩礁区。

分佈及棲息地

按照Williams et al. (2008),蠑螺科物種由多個支序組成,而且無論在淺水區或深水區皆有其物種棲息[4]。本科物種有很廣闊的分佈範圍,從熱帶到極帶均有分佈,但絕大多數物種都棲息於熱帶及亞熱帶的淺水區。

分類

蠑螺科原為前鰓亞綱原始腹足目蠑螺總科的成員。現時蠑螺總科成為了鐘螺總科的異名。然而,這一個頗為古老的腹足綱群組很可能源於2.98億到2.50億年前的二疊紀[5]。本科物種的型態仍然保有多種原始英语primitive (phylogenetics)特徵,例如:牠們的螺殼內的珠母層

2005年分類

根據布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年),蠑螺科是蠑螺總科的成員,由下列八個亞科組成[3]

  • Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941
  • 海豚螺亞科 Angariinae Gray, 1857[6]:又名棘冠螺亞科,Delphinulinae Stoliczka, 1868是本亞科的異名。
  • 縮口螺亞科 Colloniinae Cossmann, 1917[7][6]
    • tribe Colloniini Cossmann, 1917 - synonym: Bothropomatinae Thiele, 1924 (inv.); Homalopomatinae Keen, 1960; Petropomatinae Cox, 1960
    • tribe † Adeorbisinini Monari, Conti & szabo, 1995
    • tribe † Crossostomatini Cox, 1960
    • tribe † Helicocryptini Cox, 1960
  • Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
  • Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997
  • Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990:異名: Prisogastrinae in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005),拼寫錯誤。[8]
  • 篷螺亞科 Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851[6]:Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924是本亞科的異名。
  • Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

2008年分類

 src=
Astraea rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767), a fossil turbinid from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

根據Williams et al. (2008)的研究成果,蠑螺科被重新定義,還被移到鐘螺總科[4]。與此同時,原來蠑螺科之下的海豚螺亞科獲提至科級,成為了鐘螺總科之下的海豚螺科Angariidae);而原來蠑螺科的縮口螺亞科在提升至科級成為縮口螺科Colloniidae)之餘,再與蠑螺總科雉螺科改為合組新的雉螺總科Phasianelloidea Swainson, 1840[4];Margaritinae was moved to Turbinidae from Trochidae[4]。這個時候的蠑螺科包括下列五個亞科[4]

下列在2005年分類提及過的亞科都保留了:

2017年分類

亞倫氏螺屬Yaronia Mienis, 2011)被重新分到縮口螺科[11]

以下為本科現時餘下的屬[12]

 src=
The shell of Guildfordia yoka, a deep water turbinid

現時本科包括以下各屬:

不屬於任何亞科:
蠑螺亞科Turbininae[12]
Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
異名:
  • Astrea Link, 1807: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
  • Agathistoma Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of Tegula Lesson, 1832
  • Amyxa Troschel, 1852: synonym of Prisogaster Mörch, 1850
  • Calcar Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Canthorbis Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
  • Cardinalia Gray, 1842: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
  • Crosseia P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Crossea A. Adams, 1865
  • Cyclocantha Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Dinassovica Iredale, 1937: synonym of Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
  • Distellifer Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Foliastralium Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Galeoastraea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Halopsephus Rehder, 1943: synonym of Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
  • Harisazaea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Imperator Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798
  • Incilaster Finlay, 1926: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Livona Gray, 1842: synonym of Cittarium Philippi, 1847
  • Lunatica Röding, 1798: synonym of Turbo Linnaeus, 1758
  • Macropelmus Gistel, 1848: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Margarita Leach, 1819: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847
  • Micrastraea Cotton, 1939: synonym of Bellastraea Iredale, 1924
  • Notosetia Iredale, 1915: synonym of Putilla A. Adams, 1867
  • Okinawastraea Habe & Okutani, 1981: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Oobolma Sacco, 1896 : synonym of Bolma'' Risso, 1826
  • Ormastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Pachypoma Gray, 1850: synonym of Lithopoma Gray, 1850
  • Pagocalcar Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Pyramidea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
  • Pyramis Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810
  • Rugastella Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Senobolma Okutani, 1964: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Stella P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807
  • Submargarita Strebel, 1908: synonym of Lissotesta Iredale, 1915
  • Tharsiella Bush, 1897: synonym of Cirsonella Angas, 1877
  • Trochiscus G.B. Sowerby I, 1838: synonym of Norrisia Bayle, 1880
  • Tylastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826
  • Valvatella Gray, 1857: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847

参考文献

  1. ^ Bouchet, P. Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815. World Register of Marine Species.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim , A.; Kano , Y.; Nützel , A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong , E.E. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1-2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201 (英语).
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á.; Warén, A. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P., 编. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany / Ann Arbor, USA: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1-2): 397 pp. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Williams, Suzanne T.; Karube, S.; Ozawa, T. Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta. 2008-09, 37 (5): 483–506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x (英语). 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  5. ^ Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, ISBN 3-925919-27-9.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 引用错误:没有为名为dzz2002的参考文献提供内容
  7. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为WoRMS_382202的参考文献提供内容
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Gofas, S. Prisogasterinae. World Register of Marine Species. 2009 [2010-04-19].
  9. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为Thiele, 1924的参考文献提供内容
  10. ^ Search for Moelleria. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2010-04-19].
  11. ^ WoRMS. Yaronia Mienis, 2011. World Register of Marine Species. [2018-03-13].
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Gofas, S. Turbininae. World Register of Marine Species. [2018-03-13].
  13. ^ Alf, A.; Kreipl, K. The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. (编) G.T. Poppe; K. Groh. A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 2011: pp. 1–82, pls 104–245 (英语). 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)
  • Marshall, B.A. 1988. Skeneidae, Vitrinellidae and Orbitestellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) associated with biogenic substrata from bathyal depths off New Zealand and New South Wales. Journal of Natural History 22(4): 949-1004.
  • Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
  • Williams, Suzanne T.; Karube, S.; Ozawa, T. Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta. 2008, 37: 483–506 (英语).

外部連結

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蝾螺科: Brief Summary ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供

蝾螺科(學名:Turbinidae)是一個包括有小型到大型海洋腹足纲软体动物的一個。舊屬原始腹足目,現時蠑螺科是鐘螺目鐘螺總科之下的一個科。

本科在2005年的分類很龐大,包含多個亞科與物種,但這些亞科後來都從蠑螺科獨立出來,組成各自的科與總科,到現在又重聚到鐘螺總科之下。

許可
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版權
维基百科作者和编辑
原始內容
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