Some catsharks, for example Scyliorhinus in European seas, are important for fisheries. Deepwater species like some members of Apristurus have oil-rich livers but are not currently considered of commercial value. In general, humans capture and eat sharks around the world, but no significant commercial use was described for catsharks in particular. Some of the larger catsharks, like Scyliorhinus cervigoni , are considered sport fish. Other species, like Scyliorhinus canicula , have been used for dissection in British educational institutions.
Positive Impacts: food
Catsharks most frequently live near the bottom, ranging from shallow intertidal zones to depths of more than 2000 m. Many occur along continental and insular slopes, and this deepwater habitat makes many catsharks difficult to observe and collect. Near Australia, catsharks have been observed inhabiting ledges and caves, seagrass or kelp beds, coastal reefs, and both sandy and rocky bottoms. Some catsharks (members of Parmaturus and probably Cephalurus) are able to live in benthic habitats tolerable to few other fishes: enlarged branchial (gill) regions enable them to survive very low oxygen levels, high temperatures, and high salinity.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; saltwater or marine
Aquatic Biomes: benthic ; coastal
Other Habitat Features: intertidal or littoral
No specific information was found regarding lifespan in Scyliorhinidae. Sharks in general, however, tend to mature slowly and be long-lived.
Catsharks occur in warmer seas around the globe. Many species of catshark are endemic to certain locations, for example seas off Australia or South Africa. Some, such as Apristurus laurussonii , venture into the Arctic Ocean, but most live between 40 degrees north and south latitudes. Catsharks, along with other members of the order Carcharhiniformes, make up the majority of sharks in many tropical and warm temperate seas.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); palearctic (Native ); oriental (Native ); ethiopian (Native ); neotropical (Native ); australian (Native ); oceanic islands (Native ); arctic ocean (Native ); indian ocean (Native ); atlantic ocean (Native ); pacific ocean (Native ); mediterranean sea (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: cosmopolitan
Small fish and invertebrates make up the diet of most catsharks. Some swellsharks, for example Cephaloscyllium ventriosum ( see image), are sluggish bottom feeders that prey on dead or sleeping fish or crustaceans. Others have more active tactics to capture prey. For example, pyjama sharks, ( see image) hide among squid eggs; they wait for the parent squid to become accustomed to a shark among its eggs, then devour the squid when it returns.
Primary Diet: carnivore (Piscivore , Molluscivore , Scavenger )
Catsharks (family Scyliorhinidae) are small sharks. Most are less than 80 cm long, but some, i.e. Scyliorhinus cervigoni, attain a length of at least 1.6 m. The bodies of catsharks are fusiform (cylindrical, tapering at the ends) to slightly depressed. The snout may be short or elongated, and sometimes forms a bell shape when seen from above or below. This family has elongated, catlike eyes situated high on the sides of the head. They possess rudimentary nictitating lower eyelids. These membranes, essentially a third eyelid, can cover the exposed portion of the eye, since, as in all sharks, the upper and lower eyelids of catsharks cannot completely cover the eyeball. Catsharks have moderately large spiracles, or respiratory openings, and five pairs of gill slits. Teeth are small and multicuspid, with 40 to 111 rows of teeth in each jaw. In some cases the rear teeth are comblike. In various species of catshark from at least seven genera, females and adult males have different tooth shape. This is called sexual heterodonty, and it occurs most strongly in smaller species of catshark. Adult males in these cases tend to have much larger teeth than females or immature males, and larger, higher, and differently-shaped cusps. One researcher suggests that the modifications of the teeth in adult males may contribute to their ability to grasp a female during courtship. In all catsharks, the base of the first dorsal fin is opposite or behind the base of the first pelvic fin. There are two dorsal fins, both without spines. Anal and caudal fins are also present. Catsharks may be a plain color ranging from grayish to dark brown, or may have color patterns of blotches, spots, or saddles. Like other sharks, catsharks are covered with placoid scales. All sharks have a valvular intestine, and in catsharks the valve has a conicospiral shape, with between five and 21 turns.
Other Physical Features: heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike; sexes shaped differently
The most obvious anti-predator tactic among catsharks is that of the swell sharks , who are able to expand themselves enormously by swallowing air or water. All sharks are home to various parasites, especially in the skin, digestive system, and gills. Catsharks fall victim to predators even inside their tough, leathery egg cases, which are eaten by a variety of organisms from snails to possibly whales. Researchers have observed holes made by boring organisms in the egg cases of various species, including Cephaloscyllium ventriosum.
Known Predators:
Catsharks occur around the globe in warm temperate seas, and therefore are a consistent predator on populations of squid, crustaceans, cephalopods, and small fishes. Catsharks, especially smaller specimens, provide food for other families of sharks and other large fishes.
The earliest known fossils of catsharks date from the Upper Jurassic of Germany. Scyliorhinidae is the oldest group within the order Carcharhiniformes.
Catsharks, like other elasmobranchs , have a high sensitivity to electric fields created by the movement of water, of other fishes, and even the movement of the earth. In experiments Scyliorhinus canicula, for example, demonstrated sensitivity to extremely low voltage gradients. In principle, sharks can use this sense to navigate according to the earth’s magnetic fields, and to detect prey. The special receptors used for this mode of perception are called the ampullae of Lorenzini, distributed around the shark’s head. Catsharks, like all other fishes, sense their environment hydrodynamically through the lateral line, a series of pores connecting a complex internal canal system with the outside water. They also possess, like other elasmobranchs , pit organs that lie between the bases of scales and add to information provided by the lateral line. Members of the family Scyliorhinidae are raptorial predators, and therefore have keen senses of hearing, taste, and smell that help them sense and find food sources. Experiments on species of Scyliorhinidae suggest that the pineal gland in the brain may serve as a keen light sensor that cues the fish’s behavior to periodic changes in light.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical ; electric
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical ; electric ; magnetic
Sharks in general are vulnerable to overfishing. They grow and mature slowly, and the size of the adult population closely determines the number of young produced, due to their “slow” reproductive strategy of investing a great deal of energy in relatively few young over a lifetime. As of 2001, one species of catshark was listed as vulnerable (facing a high risk of extinction in the wild), and eight species of catshark were listed as near threatened (approaching vulnerable status). Twenty species were listed as data deficient, meaning that not enough information has been collected to assess whether or not the species is threatened. These species may be threatened, however, especially if their geographic range is limited and few specimens have been found for data collection.
Catsharks begin life inside spindle-shaped egg cases known to beachcombers as “mermaids’ purses.” In most cases the embryo develops, inside its egg case, within the mother’s uterus until it is almost ready to hatch. Then the mother deposits the egg on the sea bottom or other surface. Long, curling tendrils extend from each of the four corners of an egg case to help secure it to the substrate. Slits in the tendrils allow water to flow through the egg case. The young catshark continues to develop until it hatches, looking like a miniature adult. Hatching time ranges from less than a month to more than a year. There is no larval stage. In about 10% of catsharks, from the genera Galeus, Halaelurus, and Cephalurus, the embryo completes its entire development inside the mother and is born directly into the sea. Male carcharhinids, including catsharks, have reached sexual maturity when their clasper (male organ for internally fertilizing a female) cartilages have become calcified and rigid, rather than small, soft, and flexible as in immature males. The presence of large ovaries with follicles marks adulthood in females.
The family Scyliorhinidae is the largest shark family, with at least 15 genera and over 100 species. Their common name, catsharks, likely derives from their elongated, cat-like eyes, although their scientific name is based on the Greek words, “Scylla,” meaning “a shark,” and “rhinos,” meaning “nose.” Some members of Scyliorhinidae are also commonly known as dogfish. Members of this family tend to be small, usually less than 1 m long, and are harmless to humans. Most catsharks live in seas above the upper continental slope, a location that makes it difficult to observe these sharks and collect specimens. Therefore, much information about catsharks remains to be discovered.
Catsharks are harmless to humans. One species, Cephaloscyllium laticeps , apparently can be a nuisance to lobster fishermen in parts of Australia when it enters lobster traps.
Only a few species of elasmobranch (subclass including all sharks and rays) fishes have been observed during courtship and mating. However, sharks have a system that involves internal fertilization, and elasmobranch fishes have relatively complex endocrine (hormonal) systems. Based on knowledge of other vertebrates with similar systems, it is likely that females signal to males through chemical or behavioral cues to indicate when their hormonal state is appropriate for mating. Some female sharks have been observed behaving in specific ways prior to mating, followed by passive behavior during copulation that permits the biting and grasping behavior of the male. It is likely that some catsharks participate in this pattern. Mating in some sharks lasts for 15 to 20 minutes, but specific information regarding length of copulation in catsharks was not found. In order to inseminate the female, the male inserts into her one of his two claspers, organs that are grooved extensions of the rear bases of the pelvic fins. In most catsharks the clasper groove is covered by soft tissue, forming a tunnel down which semen travels into the female. In at least one species of catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula , the female is able to store sperm for delayed insemination.
At least 90% of known catsharks are oviparous, meaning they lay eggs. Many of these catsharks produce eggs all year, with seasonal increases in the number of females laying eggs. Most catsharks have a system called single oviparity, in which an egg develops inside each oviduct and is deposited outside the female, remaining attached to the substrate until it hatches. Hatching time may be less than a month or nearly a year. At least one species of Galeus and four species of Halaelurus have multiple oviparity. In this case several eggs develop in each oviduct, and hatching time tends to be shorter (23 to 36 days in Halaelurus lineatus). Catshark egg cases, made from a keratin-like collagen, tend to be rectangular in shape, with rounded sides and narrow ends. Tendrils from each corner help anchor the egg to the substrate. A special gland in the female, unique to elasmobranchs and known as the oviducal, nidamental, or shell gland, produces the egg case.
Although egg cases provide a tough protective shield, developing embryos inside them are still vulnerable to predation. Some sharks have evolved a system called ovoviviparity or aplacental viviparity to protect their young until a later stage of development. It is estimated that oviparity evolved into viviparity at least 18 times within Chondrichthyes (class that includes sharks). Ovoviviparous sharks give birth to live young, and a few members of Scyliorhinidae (from the genera Galeus, Halaelurus, and Cephalurus) fall into this category. In this system, the egg is retained inside the uterus, and the young catshark develops there until it is born directly into the sea and can swim away like a miniature adult. Only one young at a time develops within the uterus. Some ovoviviparous sharks secrete a uterine fluid that supplements the nutrition the developing young receives from the egg. No information was found to verify whether or not ovoviviparous catsharks share this characteristic.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); ovoviviparous ; oviparous
No parental care has been observed in catsharks. Female catsharks contribute extensively to the survival of offspring by protecting them internally during development and even producing secretions that provide nutrition.
Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
Die Kathaaie (Scyliorhinidae) is 'n kraakbeenvis-familie wat hoort tot die orde Carcharhiniformes. Daar is sewentien genera met meer as 100 spesies wat hoort tot dié familie, sestien van die spesies kom aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus voor waarvan elf endemies is.
Die familie het twee dorsale vinne en die onderste lob van die stertvin is baie klein en het vyf kieue splete. Die meeste spesies is ovipaar en die grootte wissel van 30 cm tot 1.6 m. Hulle word gewoonlik op of naby die bodem gevind tot op dieptes van 2 000 m. Die haaie is redelik klein en nie baie vinnig nie. Hulle vermy warmer waters.
Die volgende genera en spesies kom aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus voor:
Die Kathaaie (Scyliorhinidae) is 'n kraakbeenvis-familie wat hoort tot die orde Carcharhiniformes. Daar is sewentien genera met meer as 100 spesies wat hoort tot dié familie, sestien van die spesies kom aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus voor waarvan elf endemies is.
Els esciliorínids (Scyliorhinidae) constitueixen una de les famílies més nombroses de taurons amb 15 gèneres i 89 espècies.
Mengen invertebrats i peixets.[1][11]
Totes les espècies són costaneres i sedentàries.[12]
Es troben a tots els oceans de la Terra (llevat de l'Oceà Antàrtic).[13] Són molt abundants a les costes de Sud-àfrica, a l'àrea marina compresa entre Àsia i Austràlia, i a l'Oceà Pacífic occidental.[14]
Són bentònics.
Els esciliorínids (Scyliorhinidae) constitueixen una de les famílies més nombroses de taurons amb 15 gèneres i 89 espècies.
Die Katzenhaie (Scyliorhinidae) sind eine große Familie der Grundhaie (Carcharhiniformes); sie besteht aus drei Gattungen mit ca. 35 Arten, die weltweit in den kühlen bis warmen Meeren vorkommen.[1] Lediglich in den Polarmeeren fehlen sie. Sie kommen ebenso in sämtlichen Wassertiefen vom Flachwasser bis zur Tiefsee vor.
Ihren deutschen Namen verdanken sie großen Augen, die mit ihren länglichen Pupillen an die Augen von Katzen erinnern und eine Nickhaut besitzen (Augen werden mit dem unteren Augenlid geschlossen). Allen Arten ist gemeinsam, dass sie Eier legen.
Katzenhaie haben einen deutlich lang gestreckten Körper und besitzen zwei stachellose Rückenflossen (Finnen) sowie zwei Afterflossen. Im Unterschied zu allen anderen Haifamilien, mit Ausnahme der Atelomycteridae und der Pentanchidae, zwei Haifamilien, die erst jüngst von den Katzenhaien abgespalten wurden, liegt die erste Rückenflosse auf der Höhe der Bauchflossen oder kurz dahinter. Von den fünf Kiemenspalten liegt die letzte oberhalb der Brustflossenbasis. Ein Spritzloch ist vorhanden, ebenso ein Spiraldarm. Katzenhaie werden je nach Art 21 Zentimeter bis 1,70 Meter lang. Das einzige morphologische Merkmal, das die Katzenhaie von den Pentanchidae unterscheidet, ist der Supraorbitalkamm, ein Knorpelkamm oberhalb der Augen, der den Pentanchidae fehlt.[2]
Eine Reihe von Katzenhaien besitzt eine auffällige Färbung. So hat der Pyjamahai (Poroderma africanum) dunkle Längsstreifen. Andere tragen ein kettenartiges, dunkles Muster auf der helleren Haut, wie der Kettenkatzenhai (Scyliorhinus retifer). Viele Katzenhaie weisen zudem durch Auflicht angeregte Biofluoreszenz ähnlich einer Biolumineszenz auf.[3] Es gibt aktuelle Filmaufnahmen, die Biofluoreszenz (verteilt über den ganzen Körper eines Schwellhais) zeigen,[4] nachweisbar nur mit speziellem Licht.
Katzenhaie ernähren sich von größeren Wirbellosen und kleinen Fischen.
Innerhalb der Grundhaie (Carcharhiniformes) nehmen die Katzenhaie eine basale Stellung als Schwestergruppe aller anderen Familien ein. Mit ursprünglich weit über 100 Arten waren sie die artenreichste Familie der Haie. Nach der Abtrennung der Pentanchidae[2] und der Atelomycteridae werden heute noch drei Gattungen und etwa 35 Arten zu den Katzenhaien gezählt:[1]
Das folgende Kladogramm zeigt die basale Stellung der Katzenhaie innerhalb der Grundhaie.[2]
CarcharhiniformesKatzenhaie (Scyliorhinidae)
Falsche Katzenhaie (Proscylliidae)
Glatthaie (Triakidae)
Requiemhaie (Carcharhinidae)
Die Katzenhaie (Scyliorhinidae) sind eine große Familie der Grundhaie (Carcharhiniformes); sie besteht aus drei Gattungen mit ca. 35 Arten, die weltweit in den kühlen bis warmen Meeren vorkommen. Lediglich in den Polarmeeren fehlen sie. Sie kommen ebenso in sämtlichen Wassertiefen vom Flachwasser bis zur Tiefsee vor.
Ihren deutschen Namen verdanken sie großen Augen, die mit ihren länglichen Pupillen an die Augen von Katzen erinnern und eine Nickhaut besitzen (Augen werden mit dem unteren Augenlid geschlossen). Allen Arten ist gemeinsam, dass sie Eier legen.
Catshairks are grund shairks o the faimily Scyliorhinidae. They are ane o the lairgest faimilies o shairks wi aroond 160 species placit in 17 genera.[2] Awtho they are generally kent as catsharks, mony species are commonly cried dogfish or gato. They feed on benthic invertebrates an smawer fish. Catshairks are no hairmful tae humans.
Catshairks are grund shairks o the faimily Scyliorhinidae. They are ane o the lairgest faimilies o shairks wi aroond 160 species placit in 17 genera. Awtho they are generally kent as catsharks, mony species are commonly cried dogfish or gato. They feed on benthic invertebrates an smawer fish. Catshairks are no hairmful tae humans.
Tekst üüb Öömrang Kaatheier (Scyliorhinidae) san en grat famile faan heifasker.
Hör nööm haa jo efter hör grat uugen, diar kaatuugen like.
Apristurus – Asymbolus – Atelomycterus – Aulohalaelurus – Bythaelurus – †Cadiera – Cephaloscyllium – Cephalurus – Galeus – Halaelurus – Haploblepharus – Holohalaelurus – Parmaturus – Pentanchus – Poroderma – †Prohaploblepharus – Schroederichthys – †Scyliorhinotheca – Scyliorhinus – †Sigmoscyllium – †Thiesus
Kaatheier (Scyliorhinidae) san en grat famile faan heifasker.
Hör nööm haa jo efter hör grat uugen, diar kaatuugen like.
Niau-ka (Hàn-jī: 貓鮫), ia̍h sī niau-soa-hî (Eng-gí: catshark), sī sio̍k Scyliorhinidae chit kho ê soa-hî, lóng-chóng ū tāi-iok 150 chéng.
Lóng-chóng tī niau-soa chit kho lāi-bīn ē-sái hun 17-ê sio̍k, sī soa-hî siāng-toā ê chi̍t kho.[1]
Niau-ka (Hàn-jī: 貓鮫), ia̍h sī niau-soa-hî (Eng-gí: catshark), sī sio̍k Scyliorhinidae chit kho ê soa-hî, lóng-chóng ū tāi-iok 150 chéng.
Catsharks are ground sharks of the family Scyliorhinidae. They are the largest family of sharks with around 160 species placed in 17 genera.[2] Although they are generally known as catsharks, some species can also be called dogfish due to previous naming.[3] However, a dogfish may generally be distinguished from a catshark as catsharks lay eggs while dogfish have live young.[3] Like most bottom feeders, catsharks feed on benthic invertebrates and smaller fish. They are not harmful to humans.[3] The family is paraphyletic, containing several distinct lineages that do not form a monophyletic group.[4]
The family includes 17 genera and over 150 species,[1] making it the largest family of sharks.[5]
Catsharks may be distinguished by their elongated, cat-like eyes and two small dorsal fins set far back. Most species are fairly small, growing no longer than 80 cm (31 in); a few, such as the nursehound (Scyliorhinus stellaris) can reach 1.6 m (5.2 ft) in length. Most of the species have a patterned appearance, ranging from stripes to patches to spots.
Characteristics of genus Apristurus are mostly dark bodies, and having a long anal fin that ends in front of where the lower caudal fin begins. The snouts of the species of Apristurus are flat. They also present upper and lower labial furrows.
The sonic hedgehog dentition expression is first found as a bilateral symmetrical pattern and is found in certain areas of the embryonic jaw.[6] Sonic hedgehog (a secreted protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SHH gene) is involved in the growth and patterning of different organs.[7] Every 18–38 days the teeth are replaced as is a common characteristic of the developmental process of sharks.
The "swell sharks" of the genus Cephaloscyllium have the curious ability to fill their stomachs with water or air when threatened, increasing their girth by a factor of one to three.
Some catsharks, such as the chain catshark are biofluorescent.[8][9][10]
Catsharks are found around seabeds in temperate and tropical seas worldwide, ranging from very shallow intertidal waters to depths of 2,000 m (6,600 ft) or more, such as the members of genus Apristurus.[11] The red-spotted catshark lives in the shallower rocky waters ranging from Peru to Chile and migrates to deeper waters during the winter.[12] They are usually restricted to small ranges. Juvenile and adult chain dogfish live on the soft or rocky bottom of the Atlantic from Massachusetts to Nicaragua. Adults tend to live on the soft, sandy bottoms possibly due to their need of egg deposition sites.[13]
Some catsharks do not undergo long distance migrations because they are poor swimmers. Due to being nocturnal, some species sleep close together in crevices throughout the day and then go hunting at night.[2] Some species such as the small spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula, are sexually monomorphic and exhibit habitat segregation, where males and females live in separate areas; males tend to live in open seabeds, while females tend to live in caves.[14] Some species of catsharks may deposit egg cases in structured habitats, which may also act as nurseries for the newly hatched sharks.[13]
Many species of catsharks, like the chain dogfish, are oviparous and lay eggs in tough egg cases with curly tendrils at each end, known as "mermaid's purses", for protection, onto the seabed.[15] Almost a year is needed for a catshark to hatch from the egg. Instead of laying the eggs and letting them sit for a year, some species of catsharks hold onto the eggs until a few months before the shark hatches. Some catsharks exhibit ovoviviparity, aplacental viviparous, by holding onto the embryos until they are completely developed and then give live birth.[2] Some species of catsharks mate by biting and holding the female’s pectoral fins and wrestle her into a mating position.
The Australian marbled catshark, Atelomycterus macleayi, is a favored type for home aquaria, because it rarely grows to more than 60 cm (24 in) in length. The coral catshark, however, is the most common scyliorhinid in home aquaria.[5]
Catsharks are ground sharks of the family Scyliorhinidae. They are the largest family of sharks with around 160 species placed in 17 genera. Although they are generally known as catsharks, some species can also be called dogfish due to previous naming. However, a dogfish may generally be distinguished from a catshark as catsharks lay eggs while dogfish have live young. Like most bottom feeders, catsharks feed on benthic invertebrates and smaller fish. They are not harmful to humans. The family is paraphyletic, containing several distinct lineages that do not form a monophyletic group.
Los esciliorrínidos (Scyliorhinidae) son una familia de elasmobranquios del orden Carcharhiniformes, conocidos vulgarmente como pintarrojas, lijas y peces gato. Incluye más de 110 especies de tiburones.
Las pintarrojas pueden distinguirse por sus ojos alargados que recuerdan a los de un gato y sus dos pequeñas aletas dorsales. La mayoría de las especies no son particularmente grandes, con longitudes de 60 a 70 cm aproximadamente, aunque el tiburón gato jorobado, que habita las aguas profundas del Mar de China Meridional, alcanza los 4 m de largo.
La mayoría de las especies tienen rayas, manchas, etc. Se alimentan de invertebrados y peces pequeños. Algunas especies son ovovivíparas, mientras que la mayoría depositan sus huevos en nidos.
Los tiburones hinchables del género Cephaloscyllium tienen la curiosa habilidad de llenar sus estómagos con agua o aire cuando se encuentran amenazados, aumentando su circunferencia de 2 a 3 veces.
El tiburón Atelomycterus macleayi es una de las especies usadas para los acuarios hogareños, porque raramente crece más de 60 cm de longitud.
Los esciliorrínidos (Scyliorhinidae) son una familia de elasmobranquios del orden Carcharhiniformes, conocidos vulgarmente como pintarrojas, lijas y peces gato. Incluye más de 110 especies de tiburones.
Scyliorhinidae Carcharhiniformes ordenako ur gaziko arrain-familia da. Familiak 150 espezie ditu.
Scyliorhinidae Carcharhiniformes ordenako ur gaziko arrain-familia da. Familiak 150 espezie ditu.
Kissahait (Scyliorhinidae) on luomihaikalojen lahkoon kuuluva rustokalaheimo. Kissahait käsittää 147 lajia 16 suvussa. Suurin osa kissahailajeista on 60-70 cm pitkiä, mutta Apristurus gibbosus saattaa kasvaa jopa neljä metriä pitkäksi.
Kissahait (Scyliorhinidae) on luomihaikalojen lahkoon kuuluva rustokalaheimo. Kissahait käsittää 147 lajia 16 suvussa. Suurin osa kissahailajeista on 60-70 cm pitkiä, mutta Apristurus gibbosus saattaa kasvaa jopa neljä metriä pitkäksi.
Les roussettes (Scyliorhinidae) forment une famille de petits requins comportant environ 17 genres et plus de 150 espèces ce qui en fait la plus importante famille de requins.
On les trouve dans les mers tempérées et tropicales du monde entier, allant des très faibles profondeurs des eaux intertidales jusqu'à des profondeurs de 2 000 mètres ou plus, selon les espèces[2].
Les roussettes se reconnaissent, en dehors d'avoir du roux sur leur peau, par la forme allongée de leurs pupilles (« yeux de chat ») et la présence de deux petites nageoires dorsales très en arrière sur leur corps. La plupart des espèces sont assez petites, ne dépassant pas 80 cm de longueur mais quelques-unes, telles la Grande roussette peuvent atteindre 1,5 m de longueur. La plupart des espèces ont des motifs sur leur peau, allant de vastes rayures à de simples taches. Elles se nourrissent d'invertébrés et de petits poissons. Certaines espèces sont ovovivipares mais la plupart pondent des œufs enfermés dans des capsules allongées transparentes terminées par des filaments spiralés à chaque extrémité, ce qui leur permet de s'accrocher à la végétation et de ne pas être emportés par le courant. Ces œufs connus sous le nom de « bourses de sirènes » permettent de suivre le développement de l'embryon pendant toute son incubation.
Les holbiches du genre Cephaloscyllium ont la curieuse capacité de remplir leur estomac avec de l'eau ou de l'air lorsqu'elles se sentent menacées, augmentant ainsi leur circonférence par un facteur 2 ou 3.
Le Chien de mer marbré, Atelomycterus macleayi est une espèce très appréciée des aquariophiles amateurs car leur longueur dépasse rarement 60 centimètres. Le Chien corail Atelomycterus marmoratus est, cependant l'espèce la plus courante de requins dans les aquariums à domicile[3].
Selon World Register of Marine Species (20 janvier 2015)[4] :
Selon FishBase (20 janvier 2015)[5] :
Selon ITIS (20 janvier 2015)[1] :
Analysant un mât haida, Claude Lévi-Strauss raconte un mythe de ce peuple amérindien de Colombie britannique : « … il s'agit d'une roussette, c'est-à-dire un squale, un petit squale. [...] Cela veut dire que dans l’histoire de cette famille, il y a eu une femme, dans les temps très anciens, et à l’époque où les animaux et les humains n’étaient pas distincts, qui s’est moqué du peuple des roussettes, et alors ils l’ont entraînée, ils l’ont kidnappée, et ils l’ont changée elle-même en roussette. »[6]
Les roussettes (Scyliorhinidae) forment une famille de petits requins comportant environ 17 genres et plus de 150 espèces ce qui en fait la plus importante famille de requins.
On les trouve dans les mers tempérées et tropicales du monde entier, allant des très faibles profondeurs des eaux intertidales jusqu'à des profondeurs de 2 000 mètres ou plus, selon les espèces.
A dos esciliorrínidos (Scyliorhinidae) é unha das máis grandes familias de elasmobranquios, da orde dos carcarriniformes (Carcharhiniformes), coñecidos vulgarmente como melgachos (en sentido amplo, incluíndo tamén as roxas e as zapatas), xa que conta cunhas 150 especies distribuídas en 17 xéneros.
Viven en augas temperadas e tropicais en mares de todo o mundo, desde a zona intermareal até profundidades de 2 000 m ou máis, dependendo das especies.[2]
Os melgachos poden distinguirse doutrois tiburóns de pequeno tamaño polos seus ollos alongados que recordan aos dun gato (por iso en moitos idiomas dáselles o nome de peixes gatos ou outrkis poarecidos) e polas súas dúas pequenas aletas dorsais. A maioría das especies non son particularmente grandes, con lonxitudes de 60 a 70 cm aproximadamente, aínda que unha especie que habita nas augas profundas do mar da China Meridional alcanza os 4 m de longo.
A familia comprende os seguintes 17 xéneros:[3]
A dos esciliorrínidos (Scyliorhinidae) é unha das máis grandes familias de elasmobranquios, da orde dos carcarriniformes (Carcharhiniformes), coñecidos vulgarmente como melgachos (en sentido amplo, incluíndo tamén as roxas e as zapatas), xa que conta cunhas 150 especies distribuídas en 17 xéneros.
Viven en augas temperadas e tropicais en mares de todo o mundo, desde a zona intermareal até profundidades de 2 000 m ou máis, dependendo das especies.
Scyliorhinidae è una famiglia di squali bentonici, con oltre 150 specie conosciute. Sono generalmente conosciuti come Squali Gatto, ma molte specie vengono comunemente chiamati gattuccio.
Gli Squali Gatto si trovano nei mari temperati e tropicali di tutto il mondo, che vanno dalle acque mesolitorali poco profonde fino ad una profondità di 2.000 metri o più, a seconda delle specie.[1]
Gli Squali Gatto si possono distinguere dalla forma allungata dei loro occhi (simile a quella dei gatti) e da due piccole pinne dorsali poste molto indietro sul corpo. La maggior parte delle specie sono abbastanza piccole, non più di 80 cm di lunghezza, ma alcune, come il Gattopardo (Scyliorhinus stellaris) possono raggiungere 1,6 m di lunghezza. La maggior parte delle specie hanno modelli sulla loro pelle, che vanno da larghe strisce a semplici macchie. Si nutrono di invertebrati e piccoli pesci. Alcune specie sono ovovivipare, ma la maggior parte depongono uova racchiuse in capsule allungate trasparenti che terminano con filamenti a spirale a ciascuna estremità, permettendo loro di aggrapparsi alla vegetazione e di non essere portate via dalla corrente. Queste uova note come borsellini delle sirene permettono di monitorare lo sviluppo dell'embrione durante la sua incubazione.
Gli Squali Gatto del genere Cephaloscyllium hanno la curiosa capacità di riempire lo stomaco con acqua o aria, quando minacciati, aumentando la loro circonferenza di 2 o 3 volte.
Scyliorhinidae è una famiglia di squali bentonici, con oltre 150 specie conosciute. Sono generalmente conosciuti come Squali Gatto, ma molte specie vengono comunemente chiamati gattuccio.
Gli Squali Gatto si trovano nei mari temperati e tropicali di tutto il mondo, che vanno dalle acque mesolitorali poco profonde fino ad una profondità di 2.000 metri o più, a seconda delle specie.
Paprastieji katrykliai (lot. Scyliorhinidae, angl. Cat sharks, vok. Katzenhaie) – ryklių šeima, priklausanti katryklių (Carcharhiniformes) būriui. Tai nedideli rykliai, kurių uodegos pelekas nežymiai pakreiptas į viršų. Kūnas išmargintas tamsiomis dėmėmis. Deda kiaušinius.
Paplitę šiltų jūrų pakraščiuose.
Šeimoje apie 118 rūšių, priklausančių 15 genčių.
Paprastieji katrykliai (lot. Scyliorhinidae, angl. Cat sharks, vok. Katzenhaie) – ryklių šeima, priklausanti katryklių (Carcharhiniformes) būriui. Tai nedideli rykliai, kurių uodegos pelekas nežymiai pakreiptas į viršų. Kūnas išmargintas tamsiomis dėmėmis. Deda kiaušinius.
Paplitę šiltų jūrų pakraščiuose.
Šeimoje apie 118 rūšių, priklausančių 15 genčių.
Kathaaien (Scyliorhinidae), is een familie van grondhaaien die volgens traditionele inzichten bestaat uit 16 geslachten[1] en 146 soorten[1]. Sommige soorten kathaaien worden, merkwaardig genoeg, ook hondshaaien genoemd. Kathaaien herkent men aan hun spleetvormige katachtige ogen,en de twee kleine rugvinnen die ver achter op de rug zijn geplaatst. Zij hebben een slank langwerpig lichaam. De meeste soorten zijn 60-70 centimeter lang. Een uitzondering hierop is de gebochelde kathaai (Apristurus gibbosus) uit de Zuid-Chinese Zee die wel 4 meter kan worden. Zij komen voor in de Atlantische Oceaan, Middellandse Zee en Noordzee. In de Noordzee bevinden zij zich vaak op met wieren begroeide zandbanken.
De meeste soorten hebben een gevlekt patroon, bestaande uit strepen of vlekken of stippen. Zij voeden zich met kleinere vissen, kreeftjes, krabben of weekdieren. De meeste soorten zijn ovipaar en leggen eieren in stevige hoornachtige eikapsels (circa 6 cm lang) die met kurketrekkerachtig gewonden draden vastzitten aan rotsen of gorgonen (zie figuur).
Kathaaien van het geslacht Cephaloscyllium kunnen hun maag met water vullen als zij bedreigd worden, waardoor hun omvang sterk toeneemt.
De Australische marmerkathaai (Atelomycterus macleayi) wordt veel in aquaria gehouden omdat hij zelden groter wordt dan 60 centimeter.
Soorten die men vaak in de Middellandse Zee aantreft, zijn de kathaai (Scyliorhinus stellaris) en hondshaai (Scyliorhinus canicula). Deze bruin-gevlekte soorten lijken sterk op elkaar. De kathaai is echter wat groter, en heeft ook grotere vlekken dan de hondshaai. Ook heeft de kathaai kortere neusvleugels die niet, zoals bij de hondshaai tot de bek doorlopen. Vanwege hun typische vlekkenpatroon worden deze soorten ook wel aangeduid met de namen grootgevlekte kathaai en kleingevlekte kathaai.
Hieronder de lijst van geslachten die traditioneel tot de familie van de kathaaien werden gerekend.[1] Volgens inzichten die voortkwamen uit moleculair genetisch onderzoek dat in 2005 werd gepubliceerd, onderscheidt men nu twee families: de Scyliorhinidae en de Pentanchidae.[2]
Kathaaien (Scyliorhinidae), is een familie van grondhaaien die volgens traditionele inzichten bestaat uit 16 geslachten en 146 soorten. Sommige soorten kathaaien worden, merkwaardig genoeg, ook hondshaaien genoemd. Kathaaien herkent men aan hun spleetvormige katachtige ogen,en de twee kleine rugvinnen die ver achter op de rug zijn geplaatst. Zij hebben een slank langwerpig lichaam. De meeste soorten zijn 60-70 centimeter lang. Een uitzondering hierop is de gebochelde kathaai (Apristurus gibbosus) uit de Zuid-Chinese Zee die wel 4 meter kan worden. Zij komen voor in de Atlantische Oceaan, Middellandse Zee en Noordzee. In de Noordzee bevinden zij zich vaak op met wieren begroeide zandbanken.
De meeste soorten hebben een gevlekt patroon, bestaande uit strepen of vlekken of stippen. Zij voeden zich met kleinere vissen, kreeftjes, krabben of weekdieren. De meeste soorten zijn ovipaar en leggen eieren in stevige hoornachtige eikapsels (circa 6 cm lang) die met kurketrekkerachtig gewonden draden vastzitten aan rotsen of gorgonen (zie figuur).
Kathaaien van het geslacht Cephaloscyllium kunnen hun maag met water vullen als zij bedreigd worden, waardoor hun omvang sterk toeneemt.
De Australische marmerkathaai (Atelomycterus macleayi) wordt veel in aquaria gehouden omdat hij zelden groter wordt dan 60 centimeter.
Soorten die men vaak in de Middellandse Zee aantreft, zijn de kathaai (Scyliorhinus stellaris) en hondshaai (Scyliorhinus canicula). Deze bruin-gevlekte soorten lijken sterk op elkaar. De kathaai is echter wat groter, en heeft ook grotere vlekken dan de hondshaai. Ook heeft de kathaai kortere neusvleugels die niet, zoals bij de hondshaai tot de bek doorlopen. Vanwege hun typische vlekkenpatroon worden deze soorten ook wel aangeduid met de namen grootgevlekte kathaai en kleingevlekte kathaai.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Rekinkowate[2], rekinowate[3] (Scyliorhinidae) – rodzina drapieżnych, choć niewielkich i mało ruchliwych ryb chrzęstnoszkieletowych, najstarsza rodzina żarłaczokształtnych (Carcharhiniformes) i najliczniejsza rodzina rekinów – obejmuje ponad 100 gatunków, w większości głębokowodnych.
Wody oceaniczne i morskie o wysokim zasoleniu, w strefie umiarkowanej i tropikalnej, rzadko na szelfach strefy tropikalnej.
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Ciało wydłużone, smukłe, o ubarwieniu kontrastowym i bogatym w desenie, zwykle nie przekracza 80 cm długości. Oczy wysoko położone, z prymitywnie zbudowaną przesłoną migawkową. Występują tryskawki. Piąta szczelina skrzelowa znajduje się u nasady płetwy piersiowej. Dwie małe płetwy grzbietowe bez kolców. Większość gatunków jest jajorodna, składają jaja w półprzezroczystych, podłużnych kapsułach przyczepianych do roślin, kilka gatunków jajożyworodnych. Żywią się głównie bezkręgowcami i małymi rybami. Zajmują niewielkie areały osobnicze, niektóre gatunki są endemitami.
Rodzaje zaliczane do tej rodziny[4]:
Tradycyjnie zaliczano tu również rodzaje, dla których proponowane jest wydzielenie rodziny Pentanchidae[5]:
Rekinkowate, rekinowate (Scyliorhinidae) – rodzina drapieżnych, choć niewielkich i mało ruchliwych ryb chrzęstnoszkieletowych, najstarsza rodzina żarłaczokształtnych (Carcharhiniformes) i najliczniejsza rodzina rekinów – obejmuje ponad 100 gatunków, w większości głębokowodnych.
Scyliorhinidae é uma grande família de tubarões, com mais de 110 espécies descritas.
Duas das suas características distintivas são os grandes olhos e as suas duas pequenas barbatanas dorsais. A maioria das espécies não são particularmente grandes, com comprimentos de 60 a 70 cm aproximadamente, ainda que uma das espécies, que habita as águas profundas de Mar do Sul da China, possa apresentar exemplares de até 4 m de comprimento.
A maioria das espécies possui uma aparência com padrões de manchas e listas. Alimentam-se de animais invertebrados e peixes de pequenas dimensões. Algumas espécies são ovovivíparas, apesar de que a maioria depositam os seus ovos em "ninhos".
Os tubarões do género Cephaloscyllium possuem a curiosa habilidade de preencher os seus estômagos com água ou ar quando perante uma ameaça, aumentando a sua circunferência entre 2 a 3 vezes.
O tubarão da espécie Atelomycterus macleayi é utilizado em aquariofilia, visto que raramente cresce mais de 60 cm de comprimento.
Котячі акули можна відрізнити за їх подовжені котячими очима і двома маленькими спинними плавцями встановлені далеко позаду. Більшість видів є досить невеликими, з ростом не більше ніж на 80 см , а деякі можуть досягати 1,6 м у довжину. Більшість видів мають барвистий зовнішній вигляд. Вони харчуються безхребетними і рідше рибами. Акули з роду Cephaloscyllium мають цікаву здатність: вони заповнюють свої шлунки водою або повітрям, коли їм щось загрожує, збільшуючи свій обхват в 2-3 рази.
Австралійська мармурова акула, Atelomycterus macleayi, є улюбленим видом для домашніх акваріумів , тому що вона рідко росте більш ніж на 60 сантиметрів (2,0 футів) у довжину.
Родина включає 17 родів і понад 150 видів, що робить його найбільшою родиною акул.
Họ Cá nhám mèo (Scyliorhinidae) là một họ cá nhám với hơn 150 loài được biết đến. Cá nhám mèo được tìm thấy ở các vùng biển nhiệt đới và ôn đới từ các vùng nước thủy triều đến độ sâu 2.000 mét (6.600 ft) hay hơn, tùy theo loài[1].
Chúng có mắt giống mèo và hai vây lưng nằm xa phía sau. Phần lớn các loài khá nhỏ, không dài hơn quá 80 cm (31 in); một số ít, như Scyliorhinus stellaris có thể đạt chiều dài 1,6 m (5,2 ft)[Chuyển đổi: Số không hợp lệ].
Họ này có 17 chi và hơn 150 loài,[1] là họ cá mập lớn nhất.[2]
Chúng có mắt giống mèo và hai vây lưng nằm xa phía sau. Phần lớn các loài khá nhỏ, không dài hơn quá 80 cm (31 in); một số ít, như Scyliorhinus stellaris có thể đạt chiều dài 1,6 m (5,2 ft)[Chuyển đổi: Số không hợp lệ].
Scyliorhinidae Gill, 1862
Коша́чьи аку́лы (лат. Scyliorhinidae) — семейство акул отряда кархаринообразные (Carcharhiniformes).
Кошачьи акулы обладают удлинённым телом. У них 2 спинных и 2 анальных плавника. Только у вида Pentanchus profundicolus первый спинной плавник отсутствует. Длина разных видов от 21 см до 1,7 м. Окраска у разных видов также сильно варьируют. Питаются беспозвоночными и более мелкой рыбой.
Встречаются в умеренных и тропических морях по всему миру от литорали до 2000 и более м в зависимости от вида.
Некоторые виды яйцеживородящие, но большинство откладывает яйца в жёсткой оболочке, снабжённой усиками (русалочий кошелёк).
Акулы из рода Cephaloscyllium при опасности заполняют желудок водой или воздухом и увеличивают обхват тела в 2—3 раза.
Atelomycterus macleayi редко вырастает более 0,6 м в длину, поэтому часто содержится в домашнем аквариуме. Но чаще в аквариумах содержат коралловых кошачьих акул (Atelomycterus marmoratus).
Семейство включает 17 родов и более 150 видов.
Коша́чьи аку́лы (лат. Scyliorhinidae) — семейство акул отряда кархаринообразные (Carcharhiniformes).
見內文
本科魚類廣泛分布於全球各溫帶、熱帶水域。
從淺水域到深達1500公尺以上之深淵皆有其蹤跡。
本科魚類頭部扁平，吻端鈍圓，體軀在尾鰭以後側扁。口寬廣、弧形彎曲，口角多少有唇溝。齒細小，每齒有一中央尖頭，兩側有一個或數個小尖頭，多行一起使用。背鰭2枚，亦有1枚者，小形，無棘；第一背鰭常位於腹鰭起點。背鰭中型，尾基一般無凹窪；尾柄兩側則無縱走脂稜脊。有瞬膜，类似于猫的眼睛，一般身上都有彩色斑点和条纹。尾鳍水平不上翘。體長最大的有4公尺长，最小的不超过40公分。
猫鲨科下分16個屬，如下：
本科魚類常出現在沙泥地、石礫灘，甚至礁岩區，以甲殼類、魚類及軟體動物為食。卵生，少数种类是卵胎生，卵為長方形角質囊。體常保持美麗條紋或斑紋做為欺敵之保護色。
食用魚，剝皮後，紅燒或煮薑絲，亦可做成鯊魚煙。魚體小型者，則充當下雜魚。
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 綱 : 軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes 目 : メジロザメ目 Carcharhiniformes 科 : トラザメ科 Scyliorhinidae 学名 Scyliorhinidae Gill, 1862 英名 Catshark トラザメ科 Scyliorhinidae はメジロザメ目に属するサメの科の一つ。
現生種は17属約160種[1]。分子系統解析によってメジロザメ目の基底に位置する側系統群であることが分かっており、少なくとも3つのクレードに分けられる[2]。
次のような系統樹が得られている[2]。
メジロザメ目 clade III他のメジロザメ目魚類
두툽상어과(Scyliorhinidae)는 흉상어목에 속하는 상어 과의 하나이다.[1] 150종 이상을 포함하고 있다. 전세계 온대와 열대 수역의 수심 3m 또는 그 이상의 아주 얕은 조간대(潮間帶)에서 발견된다.
17개 속에 150여 종 이상으로 이루어져 있으며, 상어 과 중에서 가장 크다.[1][2]
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