dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

由AnAge articles提供
Maximum longevity: 4 years (captivity) Observations: Unverified reports, which appear plausible, suggest that these animals may live up to 4 years in captivity (http://members.chello.at/natura/shrew/index.html).
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Associations ( 英語 )

由Animal Diversity Web提供

Greater white-toothed shrews are preyed on by many animals. An abundance of these shrews may lead to a decline in some small species such as their insect prey and small mammals, such as pygmy shrews (Suncus), that they prey on (Wiley-Blackwell, 2008).

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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無標題 ( 英語 )

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Of any mammal genus, Crocidura contains the largest number of species with 175.

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Behavior ( 英語 )

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Greater white-toothed shrews, as well as other shrews, can be fairly vocal animals. It is thought that they may communicate with a primitive form of echolocation. They produce a twittering call, which is a high pitched laryngeal call, and also use echoes to interpret their environment. These techniques, along with the use of their vibrissae, are used to find their way around (Siemers et al., 2009). Modes of communication have not been reported, but vocalizations and tactile and chemical cues are likely to be used.

Communication Channels: tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; ultrasound ; chemical

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Conservation Status ( 英語 )

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Greater white-toothed shrews are not threatened and has no special conservation status. They are listed as a species of least concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. They are susceptible to habitat loss, loss of prey availability, and harmful pesticides but populations are widespread and they are considered common (“Arkive”, 2003).

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits ( 英語 )

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There are no known adverse effects of C. russula on humans.

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits ( 英語 )

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There are no known positive effects of C. russula on humans.

Positive Impacts: research and education

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Trophic Strategy ( 英語 )

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Greater white-toothed shrews are insectivorous mammals (Duarte et al., 2003). They feed on invertebrates and may occasionally eat the young of small mammals or small lizards (“Arkive”, 2003). This species prefers areas that are temperate and rich with insects (Balloux, Goudet and Perrin, 1998).

Animal Foods: mammals; reptiles; insects

Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution ( 英語 )

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Greater white-toothed shrews are found from southwestern Europe to northern Africa. This range includes some Mediterranean and Atlantic islands. Greater white-toothed shrews are widespread throughout their range.

Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native )

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Habitat ( 英語 )

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Greater white-toothed shrews favor temperate regions with many insects. They can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including grasslands, woodlands, hedgerows, and agricultural areas. Living near farms and gardens helps them prepare for colder seasons (Duarte et al., 2003). Greater white-toothed shrews prefer dry soils. On islands they are found in grassy areas and near rocks on shorelines. They tend to nest under stones, logs, or in abandoned burrows. Greater white-toothed shrews are typically found at elevations below 1000 m (“Arkive”, 2003).

Range elevation: 1600 (high) m.

Average elevation: 1000 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; scrub forest

Other Habitat Features: agricultural

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy ( 英語 )

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Greater white-toothed shrews are relatively short lived. Lifespan is only about 18 months in the wild. Under laboratory conditions, however, lifespan can increase to about 30 months (Magnanou et al., 2009).

Typical lifespan
Status: wild:
18 (high) months.

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
1 months.

Typical lifespan
Status: captivity:
30 (high) months.

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology ( 英語 )

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Greater white-toothed shrews are medium-sized shrews weighing from 11 to 14 grams (Balloux, Goudet and Perrin, 1998; Duarte et al., 2003). Head and body length is 6 to 9 cm and tail length is generally 3 to 4.6 cm. The dorsal fur is reddish brown or grayish while the belly is yellowish grey. This species is said to be very similar to lesser white-toothed shrews (Crocidura suaveolens), but is generally larger.

Range mass: 11 to 14 g.

Range length: 6 to 9 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations ( 英語 )

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The main predators of greater white-toothed shrews are likely to be owls, snakes, and small, carnivorous mammals such as weasels. No specific observations of predators are reported in the literature, however (Balloux, Goudet and Perrin, 1998). These shrews, like other shrews, remain mainly under cover of vegetation or leaf litter when active and are cryptically colored to avoid predation.

Known Predators:

  • owls (Strigiformes)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
  • weasels (Mustela)

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Reproduction ( 英語 )

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Greater white-toothed shrews are monogamous and exhibit female-biased dispersal. This mating system is rare for mammals. These monogamous shrews defend a common breeding territory (Balloux, Goudet and Perrin, 1998). Greater white-toothed shrews have a single breeding season and fertilization occurs directly after parturition (Duarte et al., 2003). Females from the first litter disperse prior to mating to avoid inbreeding. The litters born later do not reach maturity until the following year so by that time their fathers are usually dead. These females still, however, run the risk of mating with other relatives such as a brother or cousin, making potential inbreeding a problem (Balloux, Goudet and Perrin, 1998).

Mating System: monogamous

Greater white-toothed shrews breed from March to September during which time they produce up to four litters. These four litters can contain anywhere from 2 to 10 young. This species reaches sexual maturity fairly quickly and they have short lifespans. As mentioned previously, natal dispersal is generally only seen in weanlings from the first litter of the season. All later litters usually do not reproduce until the following year so they remain near or in the parental territory. Even though females disperse, about half of them remain locally and most of the males stay close as well increasing the risk of inbreeding (Duarte et al., 2003).

Breeding interval: Greater white-toothed shrews have a single breeding season in which they can have up to 4 litters.

Breeding season: Greater white-toothed shrews breed from March to September.

Range number of offspring: 2 to 10.

Range weaning age: 13 to 20 days.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Both female and male greater white-toothed shrews care for their young. They both defend their territory and also forage for food (Bouteiller-Reuter and Perrin, 2005). Young are weaned after 13 to 20 days, at which point they are independent. Sexual maturity occurs soon after that.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female)

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Knoll, A. 2009. "Crocidura russula" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crocidura_russula.html
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Amanda Knoll, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Biology ( 英語 )

由Arkive提供
This shrew alternates bouts of activity with rest (2) throughout both the day and night (3), but activity peaks at dusk and dawn (3). It feeds on a variety of invertebrates (2), and occasionally takes lizards and small rodents despite its small size (4). They nest under logs and stones or in burrows (2). This species has a greater reproductive output than any of the British red-toothed shrews, producing 4-5 litters a year, each comprising of 2-10 young (5). The young exhibit 'caravanning' behaviour (2); if the nest is disturbed, the female leads the young to a new nest site and the young follow her in a line, each one grasping the tail of the shrew in front by the tail (4). This species is much less aggressive than the red-toothed shrews. Females may even allow her mate to remain in the nest with the offspring, and will leave him with the young as she goes to forage. The male often crouches over the young to shelter them during the female's absence (4).
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Conservation ( 英語 )

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All shrews are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 (6).
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Description ( 英語 )

由Arkive提供
This shrew is one of the 'white-toothed shrews'; it lacks deposition of iron in the enamel of the tips of the teeth as seen in the red-toothed shrews (4). The upper surface of the body is greyish or reddish brown in colour; the underside becomes more of a yellowish grey, and there is no clear demarcation between the two (3). The tail is covered in long whisker-like (2) white hairs (3). Although generally larger in size, this species is very similar in appearance to the lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) (2), so much so that the only truly reliable method to distinguish between the two species is by detailed examination of the teeth (3).
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Habitat ( 英語 )

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Inhabits grassland, hedgerows and woodland, favouring dry ground. In the Channel Islands, it may also be found amongst rocks on the seashore and on grass-covered sand dunes (4). Although it typically occurs at altitudes below 1000m, it has been found at 1600m in the Alps (3). It often occurs close to man, living around outbuildings (3).
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Range ( 英語 )

由Arkive提供
This species is one of the commonest shrews in Eurasia (2). It has a broad distribution throughout western and southern Europe (5), including many Mediterranean islands (2), and also occurs in North Africa, (3). In the British Isles, the greater white-toothed shrew occurs on the Channel Islands of Alderney, Guernsey and Herm, where it is thought to have been introduced (4).
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Status ( 英語 )

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Protected under Schedule 6 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 (6).
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Threats ( 英語 )

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This species is not threatened at present, although like most shrews it is vulnerable to pesticide use, habitat loss and declines in prey availability (5).
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Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由Ecomare提供
Huispitsmuizen leven graag in de buurt van mensen. Soms proberen ze ook binnenshuis een plekje te vinden. Hoewel ze vooral insecten en pissebedden eten, hoef je toch niet blij te zijn met deze huisgenoten. Hun nesten stinken namelijk ontzettend. De huisspitsmuis komt vooral voor in het Nederlandse kustgebied. De afgelopen 30 jaar zijn ze verder naar het westen en het noorden getrokken. Ze komen nu ook op Texel, Ameland, Schiermonnikoog en Borkum voor.
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Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由Ecomare提供
Greater white-toothed shrews like to live close to where people live. They even try to make their nests in people's homes. Although they eat mostly insects and wood louse, you certainly shouldn't welcome these creatures into your house. Their nests smell terrible! Greater white-toothed shrews are mostly found in the Netherlands along the coast. In the past 30 years, they have spread out to the northwest. They are now also living on Texel, Ameland, Schiermonnikoog and Borkum.
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Minell an tiez ( 布列塔尼語 )

由wikipedia BR提供
lang="br" dir="ltr">

Minell an tiez (Crocidura russula) a zo ur bronneg bihan eus Europa ha Norzhafrika.

Liammoù diavaez

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Minell an tiez: Brief Summary ( 布列塔尼語 )

由wikipedia BR提供
lang="br" dir="ltr">

Minell an tiez (Crocidura russula) a zo ur bronneg bihan eus Europa ha Norzhafrika.

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Musaranya comuna ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供

La musaranya comuna (Crocidura russula) és una espècie de mamífer de la família de les musaranyes que es troba a Europa (és autòctona d'Àustria, Bèlgica, França, Alemanya, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, els Països Baixos i la península Ibèrica, i ha estat introduïda a Irlanda[1]) i a l'Àfrica del nord (Algèria, el Marroc i les Illes Canàries).[2]

Descripció

  • Dimensions corporals: cap + cos (6,3 - 8,5 cm) i cua (3 - 4 cm).
  • Pes: 7 - 13 g.
  • Els pèls que recobreixen el seu cos són de dues menes: uns de curts i atapeïts i uns altres de llargs que neixen escampats entre els primers i són visibles, sobretot, a la cua.
  • Les orelles, grans, sobresurten entre el pelatge.
  • Les dents són totalment blanques.
  • La coloració és molt variable: els exemplars joves són totalment grisos, mentre que els adults exhibeixen unes tonalitats diferents al ventre i a l'esquena, tonalitats que varien segons l'estació de l'any. A l'estiu mostren colors marronosos pel dors i els flancs, i grisosos o gris marronosos pel ventre. Quan arriba l'hivern, la coloració dorsal s'ha fet totalment grisa amb alguns reflexos argentats. A mesura que l'estació avança, el pelatge dorsal va adquirint progressivament tons vermellosos, mentre que el ventre es va fent marronós.

Subespècies

Etologia

És agressiva, molt voraç i mostra activitat diürna i nocturna durant tot l'any. Les femelles que estan criant surten a passeig quan els seus petits són capaços de caminar. Normalment la mare va al davant, la primera cria se li enganxa a la base de la cua, la segona s'agafa a la cua del seu germà avançant en fila índia.

Depredadors

Els seus principals depredadors són els mussols, les serps i els petits mamífers carnívors (com ara, les mosteles).[11]

Hàbitat

Alzinars, suredes, màquies i vores de camps i camins, on s'amaga entre les pedres i les herbes. També se la pot trobar als jardins de les cases i en estables.

Longevitat

La seva esperança de vida a la natura és de 18 mesos, mentre que en captivitat pot augmentar-ne a 30.[12]

Espècies semblants

La musaranya de jardí és una mica més petita (els adults no superen els 4 g de pes) i té la cua relativament més llarga.

La musaranya etrusca és de mida més petita, té el cap més gran comparat amb el cos i la cua relativament més llarga. A més, no té la coloració ventral tan clarament diferenciada de la dorsal.

Galeria

Referències

  1. Tosh, D. G., Lusby, J., Montgomery, W. I. i O'Halloran, J., 2008. First record of greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula in Ireland. Mammal Review 10.1111/j.1365: 2907.2008.00130.x.
  2. UICN (anglès)
  3. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  4. 4,0 4,1 www.mma.es (castellà)
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 www.archive.org (anglès)
  6. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  7. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  8. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  9. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  10. «Crocidura russula». Catalogue of Life. (anglès) (anglès)
  11. Animal Diversity Web (anglès)
  12. Magnanou, E., J. Attia, R. Fons, G. Boeuf, J. Falcon. 2009. The timing of the shrew: Continuous melatonin treatment maintains youthful rhythmic activity in aging Crocidura russula. PLoS ONE, 4(6): e5904. «Enllaç». (anglès)


Bibliografia

  • Balloux, F., J. Goudet, N. Perrin. 1998. Breeding system and genetic variance in the monogamous, semi-social shrew, Crocidura russula. Evolution, 52(4): 1230-1235.
  • Bouteiller-Reuter, C., N. Perrin. 2005. Sex-specific selective pressures on body mass in the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18(2): 290-300.
  • Duarte, L., C. Bouteiller, P. Fontanillas, E. Petit, N. Perrin. 2003. Inbreeding in the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula. Evolution, 57(3): 638-645.
  • Hutterer, R., Maddalena, T. i Molina, O. M., 1992. Origin and evolution of the endemic Canary Island shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 46: 49-58.
  • Kraft, R., 2000. Ehemalige und aktuelle Verbreitung von Hausspitzmaus, Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780), und Gartenspitzmaus, Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas, 1811), in Bayern. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 49: 115-129.
  • Palomo, L. J. i Gisbert, J., 2002. Atlas de los mamíferos terrestres de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza. SECEM-SECEMU, Madrid (Espanya).
  • Ramalhinho, M. G., Libois, R. i Fons, R., 1999. Crocidura russula. A: A. J. Mitchell-Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Kryštufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralík i J. Zima (editors), The Atlas of European Mammals, Academic Press, Londres, la Gran Bretanya.
  • Spitzenberger, F., 2005. Rote Liste der Säugetiere Österreichs. A: K. P. Zulka (ed.), Rote Listen gefährdeter Tiere Österreichs, Böhlau, Wien, Köln, Weimar.
  • Vigo, Marta: Guia dels mamífers terrestres de Catalunya. Enciclopèdia Catalana, col·lecció Pòrtic Natura, núm. 18. Barcelona, maig del 2002. ISBN 84-7306-680-4, planes 36-37.
  • Vogel, P., Cosson, J. F. i López Jurado L. F., 2003. Taxonomic status and origin of the shrews (Soricidae) from the Canary islands inferred from a mtDNA comparison with the European Crocidura species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27(2): 271-82.


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Musaranya comuna: Brief Summary ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供

La musaranya comuna (Crocidura russula) és una espècie de mamífer de la família de les musaranyes que es troba a Europa (és autòctona d'Àustria, Bèlgica, França, Alemanya, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, els Països Baixos i la península Ibèrica, i ha estat introduïda a Irlanda) i a l'Àfrica del nord (Algèria, el Marroc i les Illes Canàries).

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Hausspitzmaus ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Die Hausspitzmaus (Crocidura russula) ist ein Säugetier aus der Familie der Spitzmäuse. Sie besiedelt Nordafrika sowie Südwest- und Mitteleuropa.

Kennzeichen

Die Kopf-Rumpf-Länge beträgt 63–83 mm, die Schwanzlänge 32–45 mm und das Gewicht 7–15 g. Die Oberseite ist graubraun, die Flanken und die Unterseite sind gelb- bis braungrau. Die Färbung von Unter- und Oberseite ist nicht scharf gegeneinander abgesetzt.

Verbreitung

Das relativ kleine Verbreitungsgebiet der Hausspitzmaus ist auf die südwestliche Paläarktis beschränkt. Es reicht im Südwesten von Nordafrika (Marokko, Algerien und Tunesien) über das gesamte südwestliche Europa unter weitgehender Aussparung der Alpen nach Nordosten bis Deutschland. Die nordöstliche Verbreitungsgrenze in Europa verläuft durch Deutschland von Nordwesten nach Südosten entlang einer Linie Wilhelmshaven, Bremen, Celle, Haldensleben, Quedlinburg und Wittenberg bis Dresden; bei Dresden ist das östlichste Vorkommen.

Lebensraum

 src=
Hausspitzmaus, Darstellung aus Brehms Thierleben.

Die Hausspitzmaus bewohnt in Mitteleuropa waldfreie, extensiv genutzte und warme Offenlebensräume wie Brachen, Wiesen, Hecken, Steinhaufen und Gärten vom Flachland bis in 300–400, lokal auch bis in 680 m Höhe. Die Art lebt ebenso wie die Gartenspitzmaus häufig – und im Norden des Verbreitungsgebietes fast ausschließlich – in menschlichen Siedlungen und in deren Nähe. Im Herbst wandern die Tiere verstärkt in Gebäude ein, um dort zu überwintern. Im Mittelmeerraum sind die Habitatansprüche der Art weniger eng, sie kommt dort aber vor allem in offenem oder halboffenem Grasland, Buschland, an Waldrändern und sehr häufig auf alten terrassierten Feldern mit Trockenmauern vor.

Lebensweise

Die Tiere sind überwiegend nachtaktiv. Die Nahrung besteht vor allem aus Insekten und deren Larven, Asseln, Spinnentieren und Schnecken und gelegentlich aus Pflanzenteilen. Die Fortpflanzung findet von Februar bis Oktober statt. Ein Weibchen hat zwei bis vier Würfe im Jahr, die bis zu 11, meist aber 4 bis 5 Junge umfassen. Die frisch geborenen Jungmäuse wiegen 0,7–1,5 g. Die Augen öffnen sich im Alter von 4 bis 14 Tagen; die Säugezeit beträgt etwa drei Wochen. Bei ihren Ausflügen bilden die Jungmäuse ab dem Alter von sieben Tagen durch Festbeißen an der Schwanzwurzel des Vordertieres die für viele Wimperspitzmäuse typischen Karawanen. Früh im Jahr geborene Junge sind bereits im Sommer des Geburtsjahres geschlechtsreif. Die Lebensdauer im Freiland beträgt maximal 30 Monate.

Bestand und Gefährdung

Die Hausspitzmaus ist innerhalb ihres Verbreitungsgebietes zum Teil häufig und breitet sich, zumindest in Bayern, in den letzten Jahrzehnten weiter nach Osten aus.[1] Sie wird daher in Deutschland in der Roten Liste als ungefährdet geführt. Der Weltbestand gilt ebenfalls als ungefährdet.

Einziger europäischer Halter ist ein französischer Zoo, ehemaliger deutscher Halter ist Berlin.[2]

Quellen

Literatur

  • Anthony J. Mitchell-Jones, Giovanni Amori, Wieslaw Bogdanowicz, Boris Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, Friederike Spitzenberger, Michael Stubbe, Johan B. M. Thissen, Vladimiŕ Vohralik, Jan Zima: The Atlas of European Mammals. Poyser, London, 1999, ISBN 0-85661-130-1, S. 68–69.
  • Erwin Stresemann (Begründer), Konrad Senglaub (Hrsg.): Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland. Band 3: Wirbeltiere. 12., stark bearbeitete Auflage. G. Fischer, Jena u. a. 1995, ISBN 3-334-60951-0, S. 375.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Alois Liegl, Bernd-Ulrich Rudolph und Richard Kraft: Rote Liste gefährdeter Säugetiere (Mammalia) Bayerns. Bay LfU 166, 2003 online, (PDF; 74 kB).
  2. [1]ZTL 11.6.

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Hausspitzmaus: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Die Hausspitzmaus (Crocidura russula) ist ein Säugetier aus der Familie der Spitzmäuse. Sie besiedelt Nordafrika sowie Südwest- und Mitteleuropa.

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Greater white-toothed shrew ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

The greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) is a small insectivorous mammal[3] found in Europe and North Africa. It is the most common of the white-toothed shrews. This species is found along the Mediterranean, Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Germany and Portugal;[4] in addition, the Osorio shrew of the Canary island of Gran Canaria, originally described as a separate species (Crocidura osorio), was later discovered to be a population of introduced greater white-toothed shrew.[5] Furthermore, a subspecies of the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula ibicensis, is found on the Mediterranean island of Ibiza.[6] In April 2008, the greater white-toothed shrew was discovered in Ireland as well. Its preferred habitats are grassland and woodland. It is slightly larger than the lesser white-toothed shrew but otherwise very similar and can often be distinguished only by close inspection of its teeth which are unpigmented.[7]

Physical description

C. russula

The greater white-toothed shrew is distinguished by a careful examination of its unpigmented teeth. Like other white-toothed shrews, C. russula lacks the deposition of iron in their enamel at the tips of their teeth.[8] This particular species has a greyish or reddish brown upper coat with a yellowish grey coat in the underside.[9] The greater white-toothed shrews are part of the medium-sized shrews and weigh around 11 to 14 grams.[3] The head and body length of C. russula is about 6 to 9 cm and the tail length averages to about 3 to 4.3 cm.[3]

Habitat

C. russula are found in temperate regions with plentiful insects. They are generally found in habitats such as grasslands, woodlands, hedgegrows and prime agricultural areas. To prepare for colder seasons, these shrews can be found living near farms and gardens.[3] The greater white-toothed shrews tend to build their nest under stones, logs and in abandoned burrows. Typically these shrews are found in elevations below 1000 meters.[3]

Diet

The greater white toothed shrew is a carnivore, feeding mainly on invertebrates and occasionally small rodents, lizards and small amphibians.[3]

Predation

The greater white-toothed shrew is preyed upon by several animals; owls (such as Tyto alba), snakes, and small carnivorous mammals such as weasels and genets are the main predators of C. russula.[6] In order to avoid predation, the greater white-toothed shrews can be found under cover of vegetation or leaf litter when active. Cryptic coloration is also used as an effective method to avoid predation.[10]

Behavior

The greater white-toothed shrews are classified as semi-social mammals. During winter, C. russula are found sharing nests and enter torpor.[11] Mated pairs are found guarding their territories together.[10] C. russula are highly monogamous and exhibit a female-biased dispersal, which is highly uncommon in mammals. This dispersal pattern can also occur due to infiltration and migration to empty breeding sites. Nonetheless, this dispersal pattern is a preventative measure for inbreeding.[3] The greater white-toothed shrew can be very vocal. C. russula possess a primitive form of echolocation where they produce a high pitched twittering call to interpret their environment. The use of this laryngeal call and vibrissae allow the shrews to find their way around their environment.[12] There have not been any concrete reports on the modes of communication used by this species, however, vocalization and tactile and chemical cues are likely to be used.[12]

Reproduction

The greater white-toothed shrew typically experiences one breeding season in its entire lifetime, whereby fertilization occurs right after parturition.[3] C. russula breed mainly from March to September, producing about four litters which can contain anywhere from 2 to 10 young. The sexual maturity in this species is fairly quick. The litters remain in their parental territory till the next breeding season.[3]

Life span

C. russula has a lifespan of about 18 months in the wild, but can survive for 30 months in captivity under laboratory conditions.[13]

Role in the ecosystem

C. russula serves as a prey species to many animals, however, an abundance in this species may lead to a decline in other small mammals such as pygmy shrews. In April 2008, the greater white-toothed shrew was discovered in Ireland and has since spread rapidly through the southern counties.[14][15] While the introduction of the species will possibly sustain threatened birds of prey, such as the barn owl, the nonnative mammal could threaten some of the smaller native species, such as the Eurasian pygmy shrew.[14]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crocidura russula.
  1. ^ Hutterer, R. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Aulagnier, S.; Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsainas, G.; Palomo, L. (2021) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Crocidura russula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T29652A197503499. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T29652A197503499.en. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Duarte, L.C.; Bouteiller, C; Fontanillas, IP; Petit, E; Perrin, N (2003). "Inbreeding in the Greater White-Toothed Shrew, Crocidura russula" (PDF). Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 57 (3): 638–45. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0638:iitgws]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 3094775. PMID 12703953. S2CID 198155850.
  4. ^ David R Stone (1995). "Eurasian Insectivores and Tree Shrews- Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan". Archived from the original on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  5. ^ Molina, O. et al. (2003) "The origin of the Osorian shrew (Crocidura osorio) from Gran Canaria resolved using mtDNA". Italian Journal of Zoology, Volume 70, Issue 2
  6. ^ a b Antoni Alcover, J., ed. (1988). "Mamífers Actuals". els Mamífers de les Balears. Palma de Mallorca: Editorial Moll. pp. 85–87. ISBN 84-273-0265-7.
  7. ^ Nowak, Ronald, M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8.
  8. ^ Churchfield, Sara (1999). Shrews of the British Isles. Aylesbury: Shire Publications. ISBN 978-0852639511.
  9. ^ Morris, P. A red data book for the British Mammals. The Mammal Society, London.
  10. ^ a b Balloux, F; J. Goudet; Perrin, N. (2003). "Breeding system and genetic variance in the monogamous, semi-social shrew, Crocidura russula" (PDF). Evolution. 52 (4): 1230–1235. doi:10.2307/2411254. JSTOR 2411254. PMID 28565220.
  11. ^ Cantoni, D.; Vogel, P (1989). "Social organization and mating system of free-ranging, greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula". Animal Behaviour. 38 (2): 205–214. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(89)80083-1. S2CID 54320480.
  12. ^ a b Siemers, B. M.; Schauermann, G.; Turni, H.; Von Merten, S. (2009). "Why do shrews twitter? Communication or simple echo-based orientation". Biology Letters. 5 (5): 593–6. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0378. PMC 2781971. PMID 19535367.
  13. ^ Magnanou, Elodie; Attia, Joël; Fons, Roger; Boeuf, Gilles; Falcon, Jack (2009). Bartell, Paul A (ed.). "The Timing of the Shrew: Continuous Melatonin Treatment Maintains Youthful Rhythmic Activity in Aging Crocidura russula". PLOS ONE. 4 (6): e5904. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5904M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005904. PMC 2690841. PMID 19526053.
  14. ^ a b "For Good Or Ill, Ireland Gains Another Mammal Species". Science Daily. 2008-04-28. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
  15. ^ McDevitt, Allan D.; Montgomery, W. Ian; Tosh, David G.; Lusby, John; Reid, Neil; White, Thomas A.; McDevitt, C. Damien; O'Halloran, John; Searle, Jeremy B.; Yearsley, Jon M. (2014-06-23). "Invading and Expanding: Range Dynamics and Ecological Consequences of the Greater White-Toothed Shrew (Crocidura russula) Invasion in Ireland". PLOS ONE. 9 (6): e100403. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j0403M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100403. PMC 4067332. PMID 24955824.
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Greater white-toothed shrew: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

The greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) is a small insectivorous mammal found in Europe and North Africa. It is the most common of the white-toothed shrews. This species is found along the Mediterranean, Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Germany and Portugal; in addition, the Osorio shrew of the Canary island of Gran Canaria, originally described as a separate species (Crocidura osorio), was later discovered to be a population of introduced greater white-toothed shrew. Furthermore, a subspecies of the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula ibicensis, is found on the Mediterranean island of Ibiza. In April 2008, the greater white-toothed shrew was discovered in Ireland as well. Its preferred habitats are grassland and woodland. It is slightly larger than the lesser white-toothed shrew but otherwise very similar and can often be distinguished only by close inspection of its teeth which are unpigmented.

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Crocidura russula ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

La musaraña gris (Crocidura russula) es una especie de mamífero soricomorfo de la familia Soricidae.

Descripción

Es un crocidurino de mediana talla, cola relativamente corta, de 34 a 47 mm, cuerpo de 62 a 84 mm y de 7 a 14 gramos. Los ojos son pequeños con los pabellones auditivos muy visibles y bien desarrollados. El pelaje varia con la edad y según la época del año y la localización geográfica. En general es de color pardo o pardo-grisáceo en los ejemplares de verano y gris oscura en los de invierno, con el vientre gris claro. En los ejemplares jóvenes la coloración es gris uniforme.[2]

Distribución

Norte de África y suroeste de Europa, desde Portugal hasta el río Elba, en Alemania, Austria, norte de Suiza y sureste de Francia. El límite suroriental de su distribución se encuentra en la vertiente norte de los Alpes. Se encuentra también en Gran Canaria, algunas islas atlánticas de Francia y Gran Bretaña y en la isla Meda Gran (Gerona). En la península ibérica presenta una amplia distribución, exceptuando las zonas de elevada altitud.[2]

Las poblaciones del este de Argelia, Túnez y de las islas mediterráneas de Ibiza, Cerdeña, Pantelaria y Galita, se consideran actualmente pertenecientes a Crocidura ichnusae.[2]

Variación geográfica

La especie muestra una notable variación geográfica, tanto en su morfometría como en su coloración, manifestando una disminución de tamaño hacia el sur de la península ibérica.[2]

Recientes estudios morfológicos y genéticos han revelado la separación en dos especies: C. russula y C. ichnusae. Los ejemplares que habitan desde el este de Argelia, Túnez, determinadas islas mediterráneas, este de Europa e Israel, pertenecen a Crocidura ichnusae (Huntterer, 2005).[2]

Hábitat

Es una especie de requerimientos básicamente mediterráneos, prefiere hábitat abiertos y márgenes de los bosques con buena cobertura vegetal a la altura del suelo, aparece también en campos de cultivo y en la maquia o en las zonas boscosas con sotobosque claro. Su distribución altitudinal varía según la localización geográfica, desde los 1.200 metros en Pirineos hasta los 2.000 en zonas más mediterráneas.

Depredación

Es una especie depredada por numerosas aves rapaces, tanto nocturnas como diurnas, además de por ciertos carnívoros como la gineta (Genetta genetta), el zorro rojo (Vulpes vulpes) y la comadreja (Mustela nivalis).

Referencias

  1. AULAGNIER, S.; HUTTERER, R.; AMORI, G.; KRYŠTUFEK, B.; YIGIT, N.; MITSAIN, G.; MUÑOZ, L. J. P.: "Crocidura russula" en la Lista Roja de la UICN. 2008. Version del 2009.2. . Consultado el 21 de diciembre de 2009.
  2. a b c d e Mª José López-Fuster. «Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780 )» (pdf). http://www.mapama.gob.es. Consultado el 15 de agosto de 2017.

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Crocidura russula: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

La musaraña gris (Crocidura russula) es una especie de mamífero soricomorfo de la familia Soricidae.

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Satitsu arrunt ( 巴斯克語 )

由wikipedia EU提供

Satitsu arrunta (Crocidura russula) ugaztuna da, soricidaeen familiakoa. Ipar-mendebaldeko Afrikan eta hego-mendebaldeko Europan bizi den satitsu hau Euskal Herrian arruntena da, nahiz eta bere familian satitsu buztankarratua izan[1].

Ilea marroi beltzarana eta isatsa laburra eta sendo samarra ditu.[2]

Taxonomia

Satitsu arruntak sei azpiespezie ditu:

  • Crocidura russula russula, Herman, (1780).
  • Crocidura russula cintrae, Miller, (1907).
  • Crocidura russula osorio, Molina eta Huntterer, (1989).
  • Crocidura russula peta, Montagu eta Pickford, (1923).
  • Crocidura russula pulchra, Cabrera, (1907).
  • Crocidura russula yebalensis, Cabrera, (1913).

Erreferentziak

  1. Aulagnier, S., Hutterer, R., Amori, G., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L.J.P. 2008. Crocidura russula. 2009ko IUCN Zerrenda Gorria
  2. Lur entziklopedietatik hartua.


Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Satitsu arrunt: Brief Summary ( 巴斯克語 )

由wikipedia EU提供

Satitsu arrunta (Crocidura russula) ugaztuna da, soricidaeen familiakoa. Ipar-mendebaldeko Afrikan eta hego-mendebaldeko Europan bizi den satitsu hau Euskal Herrian arruntena da, nahiz eta bere familian satitsu buztankarratua izan.

Ilea marroi beltzarana eta isatsa laburra eta sendo samarra ditu.

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Isokotipäästäinen ( 芬蘭語 )

由wikipedia FI提供

Isokotipäästäinen (Crocidura russula) on Euroopassa ja Pohjois-Afrikassa elävä päästäislaji. Se on keskikokoinen harmahtava päästäislaji, joka painaa korkeintaan 14 grammaa. Laji elää monenlaisissa ympäristöissä, myös ihmisen läheisyydessä.

Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on kotisupiainen.[3]

Koko ja ulkonäkö

 src=
Kuollut isokotipäästäinen.

Isokotipäästäinen on päästäiseksi keskikokoinen.[4] Sen pään ja ruumiin yhteispituus on 6–9 senttiä ja paino 5,9[5]–14 grammaa.[4] Häntä on 3–4,6 senttiä pitkä. Selkäpuolen väritys on harmahtava tai punertavanruskea. Vatsapuoli on lähinnä kellertävänharmaa, mutta vatsa- ja selkäpuolen värityksen raja ei ole selvästi näkyvä. Häntää peittävät valkoiset viiksimäiset karvat. Kuten muillakaan saman alaheimon lajeilla, myöskään isokotipäästäisen hampaiden kärjessä olevassa hammaskiilteessä ei ole rautaa. Isokotipäästäinen muistuttaa hyvin paljon kotipäästäistä mutta on tavallisesti sitä suurempi. Luotettavan lajinmäärityksen pystyy kuitenkin tekemään vain hampaita tutkimalla.[5]

Levinneisyys ja elinympäristö

Isokotipäästäistä tavataan Lounais-Euroopassa, muutamilla Välimeren ja Atlantin saarilla sekä Pohjois-Afrikassa.[4] Euroopassa sen levinneisyys kattaa Saksan, Itävallan, Liechtensteinin, Sveitsin, Alankomaat, Belgian, Luxemburgin, Ranskan, Espanjan, Portugalin[1] ja Kanaalisaariin kuuluvat Alderneyn Hermin ja Guernseyn.[5] Pohjois-Afrikassa isokotipäästäisiä elää Marokossa ja Algeriassa.[1] Kanariansaarilla Gran Canarialla elävä osorionpäästäinen on aiemmin luokiteltu omaksi Crocidura osorio -lajikseen, mutta nykyään uskotaan, että kyseessä on vain ihmisten Espanjasta tuoma isokotipäästäisen populaatio, joka on kehittynyt omaksi alalajikseen.[2][1] Myös Kanaalisaarilla elävien lajitoverien uskotaan olevan ihmisten tuomia.[5] Vuonna 2008 laji havaittiin ensimmäistä kertaa myös Irlannissa.[6]

 src=
Isokotipäästäisiä Saksassa.

Itä-Euroopan, Vähän-Aasian ja Israelin eräitä päästäisiä on pidetty aiemmin isokotipäästäisinä, mutta sittemmin on huomattu, että ne ovat tavallisia kotipäästäisiä. Isokotipäästäinen on varsin yleinen levinneisyysalueellaan, ja Saksassa se on jopa laajentamassa levinneisyysaluettaan. Se on mahdollisesti Espanjan yleisin päästäislaji. Gran Canarialla sitä uhkaavat kuitenkin lisääntyvä kaupungistuminen ja ympäristön kuivuminen.[1]

Isokotipäästäinen elää monenlaisissa ympäristöissä. Se suosii lauhkean ilmaston alueita, joissa on runsaasti hyönteisiä. Sitä tavataan muun muassa ruohostomailla, macchia-pensaikoissa, metsiköissä, pensasaidoilla, runsasta kasvillisuutta kasvavilla metsänreunoilla, jokien ja purojen äärellä, maatalousmailla, puutarhoissa, kaupunkiympäristössä ja vuoristossa.[4][1] Kanaalisaarilla sitä tavataan myös merenrannan kivikoissa ja ruohon peittämillä hiekkadyyneillä. Laji elää yleensä alle 1 000 metrin korkeudessa, mutta Alpeilla sitä on tavattu jopa 1 600 metrin korkeudesta.[5] Myös Marokossa isokotipäästäinen elää vuorilla. Gran Canarialla lajia tavataan niin kosteissa laakeripuumetsissä kuin tehokäytössä olevilla maatiloillakin.[1] Isokotipäästäinen elää usein lähellä ihmistä ulkorakennusten ympäristössä, mikä auttaa sitä valmistautumaan talveen.[5] Etenkin levinneisyysalueensa pohjoisosissa ja vuoristoissa se elää pääsääntöisesti ihmisen lähellä. Se viihtyy erityisesti penkereiden kuivissa kivimuureissa.[1]

Elintavat

Käyttäytyminen ja ravinto

 src=
Juokseva isokotipäästäinen Saksan Hessenissä.

Isokotipäästäisen aktiivisuus on jaksoittaista. Se lepää ja on aktiivinen vuorotellen sekä yöllä että päivällä, mutta aktiivisuus on korkeimmillaan iltahämärässä ja varhain aamulla.[5] Isokotipäästäiset elävät lähellä lajitovereitaan. Talvella ne jakavat saman pesän, jossa ne lepäävät ja horrostavat yhdessä. Laji on yksiavioinen, ja pariutuneet isokotipäästäiset myös puolustavat reviiriään yhdessä. Joskus naaras jopa sallii koiraan jäädä pesään poikasten kanssa, missä se voi myös puolustaa poikasiaan. Naaraat vaeltavat pois synnyinseudultaan useammin kuin koiraat, mikä on nisäkkäille epätavallista. Sisäsiittoisuuden välttäminen ja tyhjien pesien täyttäminen voivat olla syitä naaraiden lähtöön.[4]

Muiden päästäisten tavoin isokotipäästäiset voivat olla melko äänekkäitä. Niiden uskotaan pystyvät kommunikoimaan keskenään alkeellisella kaikuluotauksella. Kommunikoinnissa käytetään apuna todennäköisesti myös kemiallisia viestejä ja äännähdyksiä. Isokotipäästäisellä on myös korkeataajuinen kurkunpään viserrysääni. Kaikuluotauksen lisäksi se havainnoi ympäristöään viiksikarvojensa avulla.[4]

Isokotipäästäisen päävihollisia ovat kaiketi pöllölinnut, käärmeet ja pienet petonisäkkäät kuten kärpät. Se välttää petoja suojavärinsä avulla ja liikkumalla aluskasvillisuuden suojissa. Runsaana esiintyessään isokotipäästäiset voivat itse vähentää saalistuksellaan joidenkin pienten eläinten, esimerkiksi hyönteisten ja pienten Suncus-suvun päästäisten määrää.[4]

Isokotipäästäisen ravinto koostuu monenlaisista selkärangattomista, mutta eläin voi pienestä koostaan huolimatta saalistaa satunnaisesti myös liskoja ja pieniä jyrsijöitä.[5]

Lisääntyminen ja elinikä

Isokotipäästäiset pesivät vain yhden kumppanin kanssa, ja pariskunnat puolustavat yhdessä lisääntymisaluettaan.[4] Pesäpaikka on puunpölkkyjen tai kivien alla tai maakolossa.[5] Isokotipäästäisten lisääntymisaika kestää maaliskuulta syyskuulle.[4] Laji lisääntyy nopeasti, ja naaras voi tuottaa jopa viisi poikuetta lisääntymiskauden aikana. Kuhunkin poikueeseen kuuluu kahdesta kymmeneen poikasta.[5] Molemmat vanhemmat huolehtivat poikasista.[4] Mikäli pesää häiritään, naaras siirtää poikaset uuteen pesään. Muuttava päästäisperhe matkaa jonossa siten, että kukin pitää edellä olevan hännästä kiinni.[5] Poikasia imetetään 13–20 vuorokautta, minkä jälkeen ne itsenäistyvät. Ensimmäisen poikueen naaraat levittäytyvät laajemmalle välttääkseen sisäsiittoisuutta, mutta myöhemmin syntyvät eivät saavuta sukukypsyyttä ennen seuraavaa vuotta, jolloin niiden vanhemmat ovat todennäköisesti jo kuolleet.[4]

Isokotipäästäiset elävät luonnossa vain noin 18 kuukauden ikäisiksi, laboratorio-olosuhteissa jopa noin 30 kuukauden ikäisiksi.[4]

Lähteet

  1. a b c d e f g h Aulagnier, S., Hutterer, R., Amori, G., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J.: Crocidura russula IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 24.7.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. a b Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (toim.): Crocidura russula Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). 2005. Bucknell University. Viitattu 3.12.2011. (englanniksi)
  3. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunta: Maailman nisäkkäiden suomenkieliset nimet (vahvistamaton ehdotus nisäkkäiden nimiksi) 2008. Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo. Viitattu 15.12. 2011.
  4. a b c d e f g h i j k l Amanda Knoll: ADW: Crocidura russula: Information 2009. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Viitattu 15.12.2011. (englanniksi)
  5. a b c d e f g h i j k ARKive: Greater white-toothed shrew videos, photos and facts - Crocidura russula 2011. Wildscreen. Viitattu 15.12.2011. (englanniksi)
  6. New mammal discovered in Ireland 28.4.2008. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Viitattu 4.12.2011. (englanniksi)
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Isokotipäästäinen: Brief Summary ( 芬蘭語 )

由wikipedia FI提供

Isokotipäästäinen (Crocidura russula) on Euroopassa ja Pohjois-Afrikassa elävä päästäislaji. Se on keskikokoinen harmahtava päästäislaji, joka painaa korkeintaan 14 grammaa. Laji elää monenlaisissa ympäristöissä, myös ihmisen läheisyydessä.

Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on kotisupiainen.

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Crocidura russula ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供
 src=
Crocidura russula.

La Crocidure aranivore[1], Musaraigne musette[1] ou Crocidure commune (Crocidura russula) est un insectivore de la famille des Soricidae. Elle est aussi appelée Crocidure aranivore musette, Crocidure aranivore des sables, Leucode aranivore, Crocidure musette ou Musette des sables[1].

Morphologie

La Crocidure aranivore est un animal allongé à la tête fine au museau pointu. Les dents sont blanches. Le pelage est roussâtre sur le dos, plus pâle sous le ventre[2]. Les couleurs différentes du dos et du ventre ne sont pas clairement séparées. La queue présente de longs poils blanchâtres. La longueur de la tête et du torse est de 60 à 90 millimètres, celle de la queue de 30 à 43 millimètres[3]. Le poids varie de 11 à 14 grammes[3].

Comportement

Locomotion

La Crocidure aranivore principalement nocturne, active toute l'année, des endroits broussailleux et secs. Lors de leurs déplacements, dès l'âge de sept jours, les jeunes crocidures vont à la queue leu leu, se tenant à la queue du jeune qui précède.

Comportement social

Les Crocidures aranivores sont classées parmi les mammifères semi-sociaux. En hiver, il leur arrive de partager leurs nids et d'entrer en torpeur. Les deux parents défendent leur territoire[4].

Alimentation

La Crocidure aranivore a un régime alimentaire à base d'insectes, d'araignées, de gastéropodes, de vers ou de petits vertébrés. Elle consomme aussi quelques fruits.

Cris

La Crocidure aranivore peut être très vocale. Elle possède une forme primitive d'écholocation où elle produit un appel de gazouillis aigu pour interpréter leur environnement. L'utilisation de cet appel laryngé et des vibrisses permet aux musaraignes de s'orienter dans leur environnement[5]. Il n'y a pas eu de rapports concrets sur les modes de communication utilisés par cette espèce, cependant, la vocalisation et les signaux tactiles et chimiques sont probablement utilisés[5].

Reproduction

La Crocidure aranivore est monogame. La saison de reproduction a lieu de mars à septembre. Durant cette période la femelle peut avoir de deux à quatre litières, comprenant chacune deux à dix petits (généralement quatre ou cinq). Les nids sont situés généralement sous des pierres et des planches, ou dans des terriers abandonnés[3]. Les nouveau-nés pèsent entre 0,7 et 1,5 gramme. Les yeux s'ouvrent à l'âge de quatre à quatorze jours. L'allaitement dure trois semaines. Chez cette espèce, ce sont les femelles qui se dispersent et les mâles qui restent sur le territoire de leurs parents, ce qui est rare parmi les mammifères[4].

Les Crocidures aranivores nées au début de la saison de reproduction arrivent à maturité sexuelle la même année, les autres l'année suivante.

Prédateurs

La Crocidure aranivore est la proie de plusieurs animaux; les hiboux (comme la Chouette effraie), les serpents et les petits mammifères carnivores comme les belettes et les genettes sont ses principaux prédateurs[6]. Pour éviter la prédation, elle se déplace souvent sous le couvert de la végétation ou sous une litière de feuilles. Sa coloration est également utilisée comme une méthode efficace pour éviter la prédation[7].

Santé

La longévité est de 18 mois dans la nature[4] et de 30 mois au maximum en captivité.

Répartition et habitat

 src=
Crocidura russula

Répartition

La zone d'expansion relativement petite de la Crocidure aranivore se limite au sud-ouest du paléarctique. Elle s'étend au sud-ouest de l'Afrique du Nord (Maroc, Algérie et Tunisie) au nord-est jusqu'en Allemagne, couvrant ainsi tout le sud-ouest de l'Europe. La limite nord-est de la distribution en Europe passe par l'Allemagne, sur une ligne allant de Brême à Dresde. En France, on la trouve partout jusqu'à 2000 mètres d'altitude, sauf en Corse.

Habitat

La Crocidure anivore vit dans des habitats ouverts, chauds et sans couverture forestière, largement utilisés, comme les jachères, les prairies, les haies, les tas de pierres et les jardins des plaines jusqu'à 300-400 mètres, localement aussi jusqu'à 680 m d'altitude, en Europe centrale. Comme la Musaraigne des jardins, elle vit fréquemment - et presque exclusivement dans le nord de l'aire de répartition - dans les établissements humains et à proximité de ceux-ci. En automne, les animaux migrent de plus en plus dans les bâtiments pour y passer l'hiver[3]. Dans la zone méditerranéenne, les exigences en matière d'habitat de l'espèce sont moins strictes, mais on la trouve principalement dans les prairies ouvertes ou semi-ouvertes, les broussailles, le long des lisières de forêts et très souvent sur d'anciens champs en terrasses avec des murs en pierre sèche.

La Crocidure aranivore et l'homme

Effectifs

La Crocidure aranivore est fréquente dans sa zone d'expansion et s'est propagée vers l'Est au cours des dernières décennies, du moins en Bavière. Selon l'Union internationale de conservation de la nature, elle n'est pas menacée (préoccupation minimale).

Introduction en Irlande

La Crocidure aranivore sert de proie à de nombreux animaux, mais une abondance chez cette espèce peut entraîner un déclin chez d'autres petits mammifères tels que les musaraignes pygmées. En avril 2008, elle a été découverte en Irlande et s'est depuis rapidement répandue dans les comtés du sud[8],[9]. L'introduction de l'espèce permettra peut-être de maintenir des oiseaux de proie menacés, comme la chouette effraie, mais le mammifère non indigène pourrait menacer certaines des plus petites espèces indigènes, comme la musaraigne pygmée[8].

Espèces voisines

Notes et références

  1. a b et c (en) Murray Wrobel, 2007. Elsevier's dictionary of mammals: in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, 2007. (ISBN 0444518770), 9780444518774. 857 pages. Rechercher dans le document numérisé
  2. Morris, Patrick A., A red data book for British mammals, Mammal Society, 1993 (ISBN 0-906282-23-3 et 978-0-906282-23-6, OCLC , lire en ligne)
  3. a b c et d L. C. Duarte, C. Bouteiller, P. Fontanillas et E. Petit, « INBREEDING IN THE GREATER WHITE-TOOTHED SHREW, CROCIDURA RUSSULA », Evolution, vol. 57, no 3,‎ mars 2003, p. 638–645 (ISSN et , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 12 janvier 2020)
  4. a b et c (en) Référence Animal Diversity Web : Crocidura russula
  5. a et b Björn M. Siemers, Grit Schauermann, Hendrik Turni et Sophie von Merten, « Why do shrews twitter? Communication or simple echo-based orientation », Biology Letters, vol. 5, no 5,‎ 23 octobre 2009, p. 593–596 (PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 12 janvier 2020)
  6. Alcover, Josep Antoni., Els mamífers de les Balears, Editorial Moll, 1979 (ISBN 84-273-0265-7 et 978-84-273-0265-5, OCLC , lire en ligne), p. 85-87
  7. Francois Balloux, Jerome Goudet et Nicolas Perrin, « Breeding System and Genetic Variance in the Monogamous, Semi-Social Shrew, Crocidura russula », Evolution, vol. 52, no 4,‎ 1998, p. 1230–1235 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 12 janvier 2020)
  8. a et b (en) « For Good Or Ill, Ireland Gains Another Mammal Species », sur ScienceDaily (consulté le 12 janvier 2020)
  9. (en) Allan D. McDevitt, W. Ian Montgomery, David G. Tosh et John Lusby, « Invading and Expanding: Range Dynamics and Ecological Consequences of the Greater White-Toothed Shrew (Crocidura russula) Invasion in Ireland », PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no 6,‎ 23 juin 2014, e100403 (ISSN , PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 12 janvier 2020)
  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .
  • (de) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en allemand intitulé .

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Crocidura russula: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供
 src= Crocidura russula.

La Crocidure aranivore, Musaraigne musette ou Crocidure commune (Crocidura russula) est un insectivore de la famille des Soricidae. Elle est aussi appelée Crocidure aranivore musette, Crocidure aranivore des sables, Leucode aranivore, Crocidure musette ou Musette des sables.

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Furaño común ( 加利西亞語 )

由wikipedia gl Galician提供

O furaño común (Crocidura russula) é unha especie de mamífero soricomorfo da familia Soricidae.

Descrición

É un crocidorino de tamaño mediano e cola relativamente curta, de 30 a 40 mm, corpo de 34 a 47 mm e de 7 a 14 gramos. Os ollos son pequenos cos pavillóns auditivos ben desenvolvidos, moi visibles. O pelame varía pola idade, a época do ano e a localización xeográfica, en xeral, é gris uniforme nos xuvenís, pardo ou pardogrisaceo no verán e gris escura no inverno.

Distribución

Norte de África e suroeste de Europa, dende Portugal até o río Elba, en Alemaña, norte de Suíza, Austria e sueste de Francia, a vertente norte dos Alpes é o seu límite suroriental. Atópase tamén en Gran Canaria, algunhas illas atlánticas de Francia e Gran Bretaña.

Recentes estudos morfológicos e xenéticos revelaron a separación en dúas especies, os exemplares que habitan dende o leste de Alxeria, Tunes, determinadas illas mediterráneas, leste de Europa e Israel, pertencen a Crocidura ichnusae (Huntterer, 2005).

Variación xeográfica

A especie amosa unha notable variación xeográfica, tanto na súa morfometría como na súa coloración, manifestando unha diminución de tamaño cara ao sur da Península Ibérica.

Hábitat

É unha especie de requirimentos basicamente mediterráneos, prefire hábitat abertos e marxes dos bosques con boa cobertura vexetal á altura do chan, aparece tamén en campos de cultivo e no maquis mediterráneo ou nas zonas boscosas con sobosque claro. A súa distribución altitudinal varía segundo a localización xeográfica, dende os 1.200 metros en Pireneos até os 2.000 nas zonas máis mediterráneas.

Depredación

É unha especie depredada por numerosas aves de rapina, tanto nocturnas como diúrnas, ademais de por certos carnívoros como a xeneta (Genetta genetta), o golpe (Vulpes vulpes) e maila donicela (Mustela nivalis).

Notas

  1. Aulagnier, S., Hutterer, R., Amori, G., Kry?tufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L.J.P. 2008. Crocidura russula. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Rede List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. . Downloaded on 21 December 2009.

Véxase tamén

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Furaño común: Brief Summary ( 加利西亞語 )

由wikipedia gl Galician提供

O furaño común (Crocidura russula) é unha especie de mamífero soricomorfo da familia Soricidae.

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Crocidura russula ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

La crocidura rossiccia (Crocidura russula Hermann, 1780), nota anche come toporagno dai denti bianchi maggiore, è un piccolo toporagno diffuso in Europa e Nordafrica, dove frequenta soprattutto prati e zone boscose.

Descrizione

È leggermente più grande della crocidura minore ma per il resto è molto simile a essa tanto che le due specie si possono distinguere solamente dopo un'accurata ispezione della dentatura.

Distribuzione

È presente nei paesi del Nord Africa (Marocco, parte dell'Algeria e Tunisia) e dell'Europa sud-occidentale (Penisola Iberica, Francia, Germania, Austria, Belgio, Paesi Bassi e Svizzera). Nelle isole Canarie è presente la sottospecie C. r. osorio in precedenza considerata una specie a sé stante (C. osorio).
Nell'aprile 2008 questa specie è stata scoperta anche in Irlanda dove probabilmente è stata introdotta accidentalmente dall'uomo[3]. Sebbene l'introduzione di questo toporagno potrebbe essere utile a sostenere da un punto di vista alimentare alcune specie minacciate di uccelli da preda, come il barbagianni, i mammiferi non autoctoni possono costituire una seria minaccia alla sopravvivenza delle più piccole specie indigene, come il toporagno nano[3].

Questa specie non è presente sul territorio italiano. La popolazione di Crocidura della Sardegna, un tempo classificata come Crocidura russula ichnusae Festa, 1912 è oggi attribuita alla specie Crocidura ichnusae (Festa, 1912).

Note

  1. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Crocidura russula, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ (EN) Amori, G. (Small Nonvolant Mammal Red List Authority) & Temple, H. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) 2008, Crocidura russula, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  3. ^ a b For Good Or Ill, Ireland Gains Another Mammal Species, su sciencedaily.com, Science Daily, 28 aprile 2008. URL consultato il 7 maggio 2008.

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Crocidura russula: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

La crocidura rossiccia (Crocidura russula Hermann, 1780), nota anche come toporagno dai denti bianchi maggiore, è un piccolo toporagno diffuso in Europa e Nordafrica, dove frequenta soprattutto prati e zone boscose.

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Huisspitsmuis ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

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De huisspitsmuis (Crocidura russula) is een insectenetend zoogdier in de familie van spitsmuizen. Hij komt geregeld bij menselijke nederzettingen voor, waar ze meehelpen met het bestrijden van ongedierte.

Kenmerken

Het dier is tussen de 51 en de 86 millimeter groot en de staart is 24 tot 46 millimeter lang. De dieren kunnen 9 tot 14 gram wegen. Huisspitsmuizen zijn op de rug roodbruinachtig grijs van kleur en aan de onderzijde bleker geelgrijs. In tegenstelling tot veldspitsmuizen is er geen duidelijke kleurovergang te zien op de flanken. Net als overige wittandspitsmuizen heeft de huisspitsmuis geen oranje punten op zijn tanden.

Voedsel

De huisspitsmuis komt vooral 's nachts tevoorschijn, maar is de gehele dag actief. Hij jaagt op ongewervelde dieren als insecten, larven, pissebedden, slakken, wormen, maar ook gewervelde dieren als hagedissen, jonge muizen en aas. Hij moet zijn lichaamsgewicht aan voedsel binnenkrijgen. Net als haasachtigen eet de huisspitsmuis zijn eigen uitwerpselen op. De belangrijkste vijanden van de huisspitsmuis zijn de uil en de kat.

Voortplanting

De huisspitsmuis maakt op een beschutte plaats als een composthoop een nest van droog gras, bladeren of door mensen vervaardigd materiaal. Hij graaft zelf een hol, of gebruikt de gangen van muizen of mollen. De huisspitsmuis is socialer dan de meeste soorten. In de winter kunnen tot zes spitsmuizen een gezamenlijke slaapplaats gebruiken, en beide ouders zorgen voor de jongen.

De voortplantingstijd duurt van februari tot november. Na een draagtijd van 28 tot 33 dagen worden twee tot tien kale, blinde jongen (gemiddeld vier) geboren. De ogen gaan open na 7 tot 14 dagen. Hierna vertonen de spitsmuizen karavaangedrag: moeder neemt de jongen op sleeptouw waarbij ze zich aan elkaar vasthouden bij het lopen. Als de jongen 20 tot 22 dagen oud zijn, worden ze gespeend. Rond die tijd wegen de jongen ongeveer 5-7 gram. Na drie maanden zijn de jongen geslachtsrijp. Een vrouwtje kan 2 tot 5 worpen per jaar krijgen. Spitsmuizen kunnen 18 maanden oud worden. In gevangenschap worden ze zelfs 48 maanden oud.

Biotoop

De dieren geven de voorkeur aan droog grasland, bosranden, maar ook tuinen en heggen. De soort dringt regelmatig huizen, boerderijen, schuren en stallen binnen. Meestal komt hij niet hoger dan 1000 meter voor, maar in de Alpen worden ze soms tot op 1600 meter hoogte aangetroffen. In Nederland treft men huisspitsmuizen vooral aan op droge zandgronden.

Verspreiding en taxonomie

Huisspitsmuizen komen algemeen in het westen, midden en het zuiden van Europa voor: van de Canarische Eilanden, Marokko en Noordwest-Algerije noordwaarts tot Nederland, Duitsland en Zuid-Polen. Hij komt niet voor op Corsica en de Britse eilanden, echter wel op enkele Kanaaleilanden. Vroeger werd aangenomen dat de soort ook in Oost-Europa voorkwam, maar deze populaties blijken tot de tuinspitsmuis te behoren. De populaties op Sardinië, Ibiza en Pantellaria en in Noordoost-Algerije en Tunesië worden tegenwoordig tot Crocidura pachyura gerekend. De populatie in de Canarische Eilanden wordt vaak als een aparte soort, Crocidura osorio Molina & Hutterer, 1989, gezien, maar dat is waarschijnlijk een geïntroduceerde vorm.

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Huisspitsmuis: Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

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De huisspitsmuis (Crocidura russula) is een insectenetend zoogdier in de familie van spitsmuizen. Hij komt geregeld bij menselijke nederzettingen voor, waar ze meehelpen met het bestrijden van ongedierte.

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Husspissmus ( 挪威語 )

由wikipedia NO提供

Husspissmus (Crocidura russula) er et lite terrestriskt pattedyr i spissmusfamilien, der den tilhører gruppen av hvittannspissmus. Arten finnes i Vest-Europa og Nord-Afrika. Den ligner den mindre arten hagespissmus, som nylig (2017) ble oppdaget i Rogaland.

Beskrivelse

 src=
Merk de nakne ørene
 src=
Hårene på halen
 src=
Hvite tannspisser

Husspissmus veier cirka 7–15 g. Hodet og kroppens lengde uten halen utgjør cirka 63–93 mm, mens halen måler cirka 32–45 mm.

Husspissmus kan skilles fra de mer vanlige Sorex-artene på flere kjennetegn:

  • Kort, tykk hale som smalner ut mot spissen. Halen har lange, tynne hår som står 45 grader ut fra halen. Omtrent som på ei antenne.
  • Frittstående ører uten hår, de andre artene har små, hårdekte ører.
  • Hvite tannspisser, i motsetning til de andre artene spissmus i Norge som har jern utfelt i emaljen som gir røde tannspisser.
  • Særegen lukt. Lukter litt som gamle gummistøvler eller tåfis.

Habitat

Husspissmus er glad i tempererte områder med stort utvalg av insekter. De er vanligvis funnet i habitater som gressletter, skog, hekker og hovedsakelig landbruksområder. Om vinteren kan de trekke inn til gårder og hager. Reiret kan finnes under steiner, stokker, og i forlatte bol fra andre arter. De foretrekker lavlandet opp til 3—400 meter, sjelden opp til 680 meter.

Atferd

Husspissmus er klassifisert som semi-sosiale pattedyr. I løpet av vinteren kan de dele reir. Par kan vokte sitt territorie sammen. Husspissmus er svært monogame, og viser et spredningsmønster hvor hunnene søker ut mens hannene blir der de er født, noe som er svært uvanlig for pattedyr[2]. Dette spredningsmønsteret er et forebyggende tiltak mot innavl.
Husspissmus kan bruke stemmen svært aktivt og kan finne veien rundt omkring i reviret ved å bruke en primitiv form av ekkolokalisering der de lager høyfrekvente lyder for å tolke sine omgivelser. Ved å bruke disse skrikene og ved å bruke værhår til å kjenne omgivelsene i tillegg til synet, hjelper det dem å finne veien der de bor.

Reproduksjon

Husspissmus rekker vanligvis bare å oppleve én hekkesesong i hele sin levetid, hovedsakelig fra mars til september. I den tiden har de vanligvis fire kull hvor befruktning skjer rett etter hver fødsel. De fire kullene kan inneholde alt fra 2—10 unger. Nyfødte unger veier mellom 0,7—1,4 gram. De åpner øynene etter 4—14 dager og dier cirka tre uker. Ungdyr lager i blant karavaner ved å bite seg fast i hverandres halerot. Ungene blir kjønnsmodne ganske raskt, unger som fødes om våren er kjønnsmodne allerede samme sommer. Kullene forblir i sine foreldres territorium til neste hekkesesong.

Føde

Husspissmus spiser mest insekter og deres larver, skrukketroll, edderkopper, snegler og litt plantekost. De kan av og til ta små gnagere, øgler og små amfibier.

Levetid

Husspissmus har en levetid på 18 måneder i naturen, men kan overleve i 30 måneder i fangenskap under laboratorieforhold.

Predasjon

Ugler, slanger og andre små rovpattedyr som røyskatt og snømus er de viktigste rovdyr. De oppholder seg gjerne under vegetasjonen for å unngå å bli tatt. Katter kan drepe spissmus, men spiser dem oftest ikke. Høy bestand av husspissmus kan føre til en nedgang i andre små pattedyr.

Utbredelse

Arten finnes i: Algerie, Belgia, Frankrike, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Marokko, Nederland, Portugal, Spania, Sveits, Tyskland og Østerrike.[1]

Referanser

  1. ^ a b Aulagnier, S., Hutterer, R., Amori, G., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. 2016. Crocidura russula. (errata version published in 2017) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T29652A115169607.
  2. ^ «Female-biased dispersal in the monogamous mammal Crocidura russula: evidence from field data and microsatellite patterns» (PDF). Institut deZoologie et d'Ecologie Animale, Universitet de Lausanne. 1997. Besøkt 23. august 2017.

Eksterne lenker

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Husspissmus: Brief Summary ( 挪威語 )

由wikipedia NO提供

Husspissmus (Crocidura russula) er et lite terrestriskt pattedyr i spissmusfamilien, der den tilhører gruppen av hvittannspissmus. Arten finnes i Vest-Europa og Nord-Afrika. Den ligner den mindre arten hagespissmus, som nylig (2017) ble oppdaget i Rogaland.

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Zębiełek myszaty ( 波蘭語 )

由wikipedia POL提供
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Zębiełek myszaty[3] (Crocidura russula) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny ryjówkowatych (Soricidae).

Wygląd

Długość głowy i tułowia od 6,2 do 9,5 cm, ogona od 3,3 do 4,6 cm. Masa ciała 6-14 g. Grzbiet od szaro- do czerwono-brunatnego, płynne przejście do nieco jaśniejszego ubarwienia na brzuchu, nogi białawe; uszy duże; ogon z długimi, witkowatymi włosami[4].

Występowanie

Środkowa i południowa Europa, Azja, północna Afryka.[4] W Polsce dotychczas nie stwierdzony.

Środowisko

Pobrzeża lasów, ogrody, suche słoneczne tereny, łąki, parki, zabudowania.[4]

Tryb życia

Aktywny o zmierzchu i nocą. Z reguły samotnik. Nie potrafi się wspinać. Wykorzystuje nory innych zwierząt lub kopie je sam. Gniazdo stworzone jest z traw i liści.

Zaniepokojony lub zdenerwowany zębiełek odzywa się wysokim, ćwierkającym głosem. Spory między tymi zwierzętami przebiegają wśród gwałtownych wrzasków. Zębiełek straszy przeciwnika otwartym pyszczkiem.[4]

Pokarm

Owady i inne drobne bezkręgowce. Zębiełek myszaty wydala na wpół strawioną treść dużego jelita ślepego i zjada ją ponownie, w treści jelita ślepego zawarte są ważne dla życia witaminy, wytwarzane przez bakterie jelitowe.[4]

Rozmnażanie i rozwój

Okres godowy zębiełków trwa od marca do września. Długość ciąży wynosi 31 dni. W roku samica wydaje około 2-4 mioty po 3-9 nagich ślepych młodych (ważą około 1g). Młode otwierają oczy po 13 dniach, ssą mleko 26 dni, a w wieku 40 dni są samodzielne i dojrzałe płciowo. Samica często prowadzi młode "karawaną", czyli jedno za drugim.[4]

Wrogowie

Płomykówka zwyczajna, puszczyk zwyczajny i łasica pospolita.

Podgatunki

Wyróżnia się sześć podgatunków zębiełka myszatego[5][3]:

  • C. russula cintrae
  • C. russula osoriozębiełek laurowy
  • C. russula peta
  • C. russula pulchra
  • C. russula russula
  • C. russula yebalensis

Przypisy

  1. Crocidura russula, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Aulagnier, S., Hutterer, R., Amori, G., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. 2008, Crocidura russula [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 [online], wersja 2015.2 [dostęp 2015-08-05] (ang.).
  3. a b Nazwa polska za: Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. a b c d e f Żuchowska, Ewa., Ssaki, wyd. Wyd. 2, Warszawa: MUZA, 1995, ISBN 83-7079-404-1, OCLC 751420339 .
  5. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Crocidura russula. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2009-11-07]
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Zębiełek myszaty: Brief Summary ( 波蘭語 )

由wikipedia POL提供

Zębiełek myszaty (Crocidura russula) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny ryjówkowatych (Soricidae).

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Crocidura russula ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

A Crocidura russla é uma espécie de musaranho, um pequeno mamífero terrestre, pertencente à ordem Eulipotyphla e à família Soricidae. Encontra-se distribuído na Europa e no norte de África.

Descrição física

O musaranho-de-dentes-brancos é um mamífero pequeno (62,0-84,0 mm), com peso entre os 7 e os 14 gramas. Possui um crânio estreito e alongado (relativamente a outros representantes da sua família Soricidae), um focinho pontiagudo, e as orelhas e os olhos são pequenos. A cauda é pequena e é coberta de alguns pêlos curtos e outros longos (López-Fuster, 2002). A cor do pêlo varia com a idade, estação de ano e localização geográfica. Em geral, a cor é castanho-acinzentado no Verão e cinza-escuro no Inverno. O ventre é cinza-claro e as fêmeas têm três pares de mamas inguinais. A sua fórmula dentária é 3.1.1.3/1.1.1.3 (López-Fuster, 2002). É um ser diplóide com 42 cromossomas (2n=42) (López-Fuster, 2002).

Distribuição geográfica

 width=
Mapa do Atlas de Mamíferos de Portugal, 2ª edição (2019)

[1] Esta espécie ocorre no oeste e no Sul da Europa (incluindo algumas ilhas do mar Mediterrâneo e do Oceano Atlântico). Também ocorre no norte da África, em Marrocos, Tunísia e Argélia (Ramalhinho et al., 1999). A população em Grã Canária, ilha pertencente ao arquipélago das Canárias, foi introduzida a partir de Espanha continental (Vogel et al., 2003; Hutterer et al., 1992). O musaranho-de-dentes-brancos ocorre desde o nível do mar até aos 1 200 metros de altitude. Porém já foram encontrados exemplares desta espécie a 2 000 metros de altitude em habitats mediterrâneos, o que poderá indicar adaptabilidade da espécie a grandes altitudes (Palomo e Gisbert, 2002).

Habitat e ecologia

No Mediterrâneo, o musaranho-de-dentes-brancos ocorre numa grande variedade de habitats, incluindo os maquis mediterrâneos, ambientes abertos, bordas florestais com vegetação abundante no solo, campos cultivados, áreas urbanas, áreas montanhosas e terrenos junto a rios (Palomo e Gisbert, 2002). No norte da Europa e a grandes altitudes a espécie é sinantrópica, pois vive em estreita proximidade com seres humanos, nas suas casas e jardins (Ramalhinho et al. 1999). Em Marrocos o musaranho-de-dentes-brancos ocorre nas regiões montanhosas (Aulagnier et al., 2008). O musaranho-de-dentes-brancos alimenta-se de pequenos invertebrados, como gastrópodes, aracnídeos e larvas de lepidópteros (borboletas). Ocasionalmente ingerem alimentos de origem vegetal (López-Fuster, 2002). É uma espécie relativamente social. O território que ocupa é pequeno e sobrepõe-se com musaranhos de outra (Crocidura suaveolens) e da mesma espécie que partilham o mesmo território. No inverno, é comum o uso de ninhos compartilhados e a taxa metabólica é reduzida em 20% (López-Fuster, 2002). Durante a época de reprodução geralmente formam casais estáveis e as fêmeas aumentam a sua territorialidade (López-Fuster, 2002).

Reprodução

Como na maioria dos musaranhos, a época de reprodução acontecesse se as condições ambientais o permitirem. A época reprodutiva tem início em Fevereiro e termina em Setembro, porém em regiões com condições ambientais desejáveis a época reprodutiva pode ser mantida ao longo de todo o ano. A gestação dura entre 27 e 30 dias, nascendo em médias 3,65 crias nuas e cegas, e pesando aproximadamente 1 grama (Palomo e Gisbert, 2002). Entre a primeira e a segunda semana de vida, as crias abrem olhos, começam a ouvir nitidamente e o corpo fica coberto de pêlo. Após terminado o período de lactação, as crias estão aptas a viverem de forma independente (López-Fuster, 2002).

Predação

O musaranho-de-dentes-brancos é predado por diversas aves de rapina (como a coruja-das-torres (Tyto alba) e o bufo-real (Bubo bubo)) e também por alguns carnívoros, como a gineta (Genetta genetta), a raposa-vermelha (Vulpes vulpes) e a doninha (Mustela nivalis) (López-Fuster, 2002; Spitzenberger, 2005).

Factores de Ameaça

Devido aos seus hábitos sinantrópicos, os seres humanos usam pesticidas e outros produtos químicos tóxicos para erradicar a espécie nas suas imediações, pois vêm o musaranho-de-dentes-brancos como um transportador de doenças graves (Ramalhinho et al., 1999). No entanto, não é considerada uma ameaça séria já que não a coloca em risco de extinção. A população da Ilha de Grã Canária está em declínio devido à rápida urbanização e ao aumento da desertificação (Aulagnier et al., 2008).

Conservação

O musaranho-de-dentes-brancos está classificado como espécie com estatuto de conservação Pouco Preocupante (LC) segundo a Lista Vermelha da IUCN, devido a ser uma espécie muito comum na sua distribuição geográfica e não apresentar ameaças sérias que coloquem em risco de extinção (Aulagnier et al., 2008). O musaranho-de-dentes-brancos encontra-se protegido, fazendo parte da lista de espécies do Anexo III da Convenção de Berna, ocorrendo em várias áreas protegidas onde se distribui geograficamente. As populações desta espécie que habitam a Ilha de Grã Canária, encontram-se protegidas sob lei Espanhola (Aulagnier et al., 2008).

Referências

  • Aulagnier, S., Hutterer, R., Amori, G., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. e Palomo, L.J. (2008). Crocidura russula. Em: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Versão 2013.2. . Acedido em 9 de Maio de 2014.
  • Hutterer, R., Maddalena, T. e Molina, O. M. (1992). Origin and evolution of the endemic Canary Island shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society46: 49-58.
  • Kraft, R.., (2000). Ehemalige und aktuelle Verbreitung von Hausspitzmaus, Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780), und Gartenspitzmaus, Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas, 1811), in Bayern. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 49: 115-129.
  • López-Fuster M. J., (2002). Atlas de los mamíferos terrestres de España. L. J. P. Muñoz, e J. Gisbert (2002). Dirección general de conservación de la naturaleza, Sociedad española para la conservación y estudios de los mamíferos, & Sociedad española para la conservación y estudio de los murciélagos. Madrid.
  • Palomo, L. J. e Gisbert, J. (2002). Atlas de los mamíferos terrestres de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza. SECEM-SECEMU, Madrid, Spain.
  • Ramalhinho, M. G., Libois, R. eFons, R. (1999). Crocidura russula. Em: A. J. Mitchell-Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Kryštufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralík and J. Zima, The Atlas of European Mammals, Academic Press, London, UK.
  • Spitzenberger, F. (2005). Rote Liste der Säugetiere Österreichs. Em: K. P. Zulka, Rote Listen gefährdeter Tiere Österreichs, Böhlau, Wien, Köln, Weimar. Tosh, D. G., Lusby, J., Montgomery, W. I. e O'Halloran, J. (2008). First record of greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula in Ireland. Mammal Review
  • Vogel, P., Cosson, J. F. e Lopez Jurado L. F. (2003). Taxonomic status and origin of the shrews (Soricidae) from the Canary islands inferred from a mtDNA comparison with the European Crocidura species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27(2): 271-82.
  1. Joana Bencatel, Helena Sabino-Marques, Francisco Álvares, André E. Moura & A. Márcia Barbosa (eds.). Atlas de Mamíferos de Portugal – uma recolha do conhecimento disponível sobre a distribuição dos mamíferos no nosso país. [S.l.: s.n.] ISBN 978-989-8550-80-4. Consultado em 4 de junho de 2020 !CS1 manut: Usa parâmetro editores (link)
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Crocidura russula: Brief Summary ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

A Crocidura russla é uma espécie de musaranho, um pequeno mamífero terrestre, pertencente à ordem Eulipotyphla e à família Soricidae. Encontra-se distribuído na Europa e no norte de África.

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Bielozúbka dlhochvostá ( 斯洛伐克語 )

由wikipedia SK提供

Bielozúbka dlhochvostá[2] (Crocidura russula) je menší hmyzožravec z čeľade piskorovité. Obýva západnú palearktídu a severozápadnú Afriku. Na Slovensku nežije.[2]

Referencie

  1. IUCN Red list 2016.3. Prístup 3. januára 2017.
  2. a b KRIŠTOFÍK, Ján; DANKO, Štefan, et al. Cicavce Slovenska, rozšírenie, bionómia a ochrana. Bratislava : Veda, 2012. Autor druhu Ján Krištofík. ISBN 978-80-224-1264-3. Kapitola Bielozúbka dlhochvostá - Crocidura russula, s. 533.

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Ei1.jpg Tento článok týkajúci sa živočíchov je zatiaľ „výhonok“. Pomôž Wikipédii tým, že ho doplníš a rozšíriš.
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Bielozúbka dlhochvostá: Brief Summary ( 斯洛伐克語 )

由wikipedia SK提供

Bielozúbka dlhochvostá (Crocidura russula) je menší hmyzožravec z čeľade piskorovité. Obýva západnú palearktídu a severozápadnú Afriku. Na Slovensku nežije.

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Belozoba poljska rovka ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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Belozoba poljska rovka (znanstveno ime Crocidura russula) je vrsta rovke, ki je razširjena tudi v Sloveniji.

Opis in biologija

Kožuh na hrbtu je sivkast ali rdečkasto rjav, dlaka na trebuhu je rumenkasto bela.[2] Odrasle živali tehtajo med 11 in 14 grami[3] V dolžino dosežejo med 6 in 9 cm, rep pa je dolg med 3 in 4.3 cm[3]

Habitat

'Belozoba poljska rovka je razširjena v zmernem podnebnem pasu, običajno pa se zadržuje na travnikih, gozdovih in poljih z veliko žuželkami, ki so njena osnovna hrana do nadmorske višine okoli 1000 metrov. Redkeje se hrani tudi z manjšimi glodavci, kuščarji ter dvoživkami[3] Samice ustvarijo gnezda pod skalami, ležečimi debli in v zapuščenih rovih, kjer samice štirikrat letno skotijo med 2 in 10 mladičev. Parjenje poteka med marcem in septembrom.[3] V naravi ta vrsta živi okoli 18 mesecev, pod laboratorijskimi pogoji pa osebki lahko dosežejo starost do 30 mesecev.[4]

Reference

  1. {{{assessors}}} (2004). Crocidura russula . Rdeči seznam IUCN ogroženih vrst 2006. IUCN 2006. Pridobljeno: 2006-05-05.
  2. Morris, P. A red data book for the British Mammals. The Mammal Society, London.
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Duarte, L.C.; Bouteiller, C; Fontanillas, IP; Petit, E; Perrin, N (2003). "Inbreeding in the Greater White-Toothed Shrew, Crocidura russula" (PDF). Evolution; international journal of organic evolution 57 (3): 638–45. JSTOR 3094775. PMID 12703953. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0638:iitgws]2.0.co;2.
  4. Magnanou, Elodie; Attia, Joël; Fons, Roger; Boeuf, Gilles; Falcon, Jack (2009). Bartell, Paul A, ur. "The Timing of the Shrew: Continuous Melatonin Treatment Maintains Youthful Rhythmic Activity in Aging Crocidura russula". PLoS ONE 4 (6): e5904. PMC 2690841. PMID 19526053. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005904.

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Belozoba poljska rovka: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia SL提供

Belozoba poljska rovka (znanstveno ime Crocidura russula) je vrsta rovke, ki je razširjena tudi v Sloveniji.

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Husnäbbmus ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Husnäbbmus (Crocidura russula) är ett däggdjur i familjen näbbmöss. Den förekommer i norra Afrika, i sydvästra Europa och Centraleuropa.

Kännetecken

Arten når en kroppslängd mellan 63 och 83 millimeter, en svanslängd mellan 32 och 45 millimeter samt en vikt av 7 till 15 gram. Ovansidan är gråbrun, sidorna och buken är ofta ljusare, ibland gulaktiga. Det finns ingen tydlig gräns mellan färgerna på ovan- och undersidan.

Utbredning och habitat

Husnäbbmusen förekommer i sydvästra delen av den palearktiska regionen. Utbredningsområdet sträcker sig från norra Afrika (Marocko, Algeriet och Tunisien) över nästan hela sydvästra Europa (med undantag av Alperna) till östra Tyskland. Den nordöstra gränsen bildas av en linje mellan Bremen, Harz och Dresden.

I Centraleuropa ligger habitatet utanför skogar. Ofta vistas den på ängar, på ställen med några buskar eller i trädgårdar. Den föredrar låglandet upp till 300 eller 400 meter över havet, vid några få ställen upp till 680 meters höjd. Liksom trädgårdsnäbbmusen lever den ofta nära människans boplatser. Under hösten och vintern vistas de ofta i byggnader. Kring Medelhavet är habitatet mera variabelt. De vistas där även på buskmarker, vid skogskanter eller på odlingsmark med torra murar.

Levnadssätt

Arten är huvudsakligen aktiv på natten. Födan utgörs främst av insekter och deras larver, gråsuggor, spindlar och snäckor, i viss mån även av växtdelar. Husnäbbmusen fortplantar sig mellan februari och oktober. Honan parar sig under denna tid två till fyra gånger och har per kull upp till 11 ungar, vanligen 4 eller 5. Nyfödda ungar väger mellan 0,7 och 1,5 gram. De öppnar ögonen efter 4 till 14 dagar och dias cirka tre veckor. Ungdjur bildar ibland karavaner genom att bita sig fast i varandras svansrot. Individer som föddes under våren är redan under sommaren könsmogna. Livslängden i naturen går upp till 30 månader.

Population

För husnäbbmusen finns inga hot i utbredningsområdet. IUCN listar arten som livskraftig (least concern).[1]

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 4 maj 2010. med följande källor:
  • A. J. Mitchell-Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, J. Zima: The Atlas of European Mammals. Poyser, London, 1999. ISBN 0-85661-130-1: sid. 68-69
  • E. Stresemann, K. Senglaub (red.): Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland. Band 3, Wirbeltiere. 12 upplaga, 1995 ISBN 3-334-60951-0: sid. 375
  1. ^ [a b] Crocidura russulaIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Aulagnier, S., Hutterer, R., Amori, G., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L.J.P. 2008, besökt 17 augusti 2010.

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Husnäbbmus: Brief Summary ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Husnäbbmus (Crocidura russula) är ett däggdjur i familjen näbbmöss. Den förekommer i norra Afrika, i sydvästra Europa och Centraleuropa.

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Ev sivri faresi ( 土耳其語 )

由wikipedia TR提供
Wiki letter w.svg
Bu madde, öksüz maddedir; zira herhangi bir maddeden bu maddeye verilmiş bir bağlantı yoktur. Lütfen ilgili maddelerden bu sayfaya bağlantı vermeye çalışın. (Şubat 2018)

Ev sivri faresi, (Crocidura russula), Soricidae familyasından burnu kirpi gibi uzun bir böcekçil memeli türü.

Türkçede "fare" olarak adlandırılmalarına ve genel görünüm olarak benzemelerine karşın, farelerden ayrı bir takımda yer alırlar.

Boyları yaklaşık 9 cm, kuyrukları 4 cm, ağırlıkları 15 g kadardır. Sırtı ve yanları gri-kahverengi, alt kısmı daha açık renktedir. Kulakepçeleri büyüktür. Kuyruk, kirpik şeklinde kıllar taşır. Sıcak, nemli yerlerde ve bahçelerde, gübre ve odun yığınlarının arasında yaşarlar. Böcek ve omurgasız hayvanları yerler. Üç aydan sonra eşeysel olguluğa ulaşırlar. Bir yerden başka bir yere giderken en önde annenin arkasında yavrular bulunur ve dişleriyle birbirlerinin kuyruklarına tutunarak "kervan" oluşturmaları tipik özellikleridir. Özellikle Güney Avrupa, Kuzey Afrika ve Ön Asya'da yaşarlar. Ülkemizin her bölgesinde yaygındırlar.

Dış bağlantılar

Commons-logo.svg Wikimedia Commons'ta Ev sivri faresi ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur. Wikispecies-logo.svg Wikispecies'te Ev sivri faresi ile ilgili detaylı taksonomi bilgileri bulunur.
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Ev sivri faresi: Brief Summary ( 土耳其語 )

由wikipedia TR提供

Ev sivri faresi, (Crocidura russula), Soricidae familyasından burnu kirpi gibi uzun bir böcekçil memeli türü.

Türkçede "fare" olarak adlandırılmalarına ve genel görünüm olarak benzemelerine karşın, farelerden ayrı bir takımda yer alırlar.

Boyları yaklaşık 9 cm, kuyrukları 4 cm, ağırlıkları 15 g kadardır. Sırtı ve yanları gri-kahverengi, alt kısmı daha açık renktedir. Kulakepçeleri büyüktür. Kuyruk, kirpik şeklinde kıllar taşır. Sıcak, nemli yerlerde ve bahçelerde, gübre ve odun yığınlarının arasında yaşarlar. Böcek ve omurgasız hayvanları yerler. Üç aydan sonra eşeysel olguluğa ulaşırlar. Bir yerden başka bir yere giderken en önde annenin arkasında yavrular bulunur ve dişleriyle birbirlerinin kuyruklarına tutunarak "kervan" oluşturmaları tipik özellikleridir. Özellikle Güney Avrupa, Kuzey Afrika ve Ön Asya'da yaşarlar. Ülkemizin her bölgesinde yaygındırlar.

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Crocidura russula ( 烏克蘭語 )

由wikipedia UK提供

Опис

Вага від 11 грамів до 14 грамів, голова і тіл довжиною від 6 до 9 см, середня довжина хвоста від близько 3 до 4,3 см. Даний вид має сіруватий або червонувато-коричневий колір хутра зверху й жовтувато-сірий колір хутра знизу.

Поведінка

Харчуються безхребетними, а іноді невеликими гризунами і ящірками. На C. russula полюють сови, змії та дрібні м'ясоїдні ссавці, ласка є основними хижаком.

Життєвий цикл

Розмноження відбувається, головним чином з березня по вересень, народжується близько чотирьох малят (від 2 до 10). Статева зрілість настає досить швидко. Приплід залишатися на своїй батьківській території до наступного сезону розмноження. Живе 18 місяців в дикій природі, але може жити протягом 30 місяців у полоні в лабораторних умовах.

Поширення

Цей вид зустрічається в Південній і Західній Європі (у тому числі деяких атлантичних і середземноморських островах), також відбувається в Північній Африці, (Марокко, Туніс, Алжир). Зазвичай мешкає від рівня моря до 1200 м, але також був виявлений і на висоті 2000 м. Проживає в широкому діапазоні середовищ існування, включаючи деревно-чагарникові, відкриті місця, лісові галявини з рясною рослинністю землі, оброблені поля, міські райони, сади, ферми, гірські райони і території, прилеглі до річок і струмків.

Загрози та охорона

Може нести втрати в результаті використання пестицидів та інших токсичних хімічних речовин, але це не вважається серйозною загрозою для цього виду в даний час. Населення Канарських островів знаходиться під загрозою в результаті швидкої урбанізації та збільшення висихання.

Джерела

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Crocidura russula ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Crocidura russula là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột chù, bộ Soricomorpha. Loài này được Hermann mô tả năm 1780 [2], chúng được tìm thấy tại Châu ÂuBắc Phi. Nó là loài phổ biến nhất của chuột chù răng trắng. Loài này được tìm thấy dọc theo Địa Trung Hải, Hà Lan, Bỉ, ĐứcBồ Đào Nha, ngoài ra, chuột chù Osorio đảo Canary, ban đầu được mô tả như là một loài riêng biệt (Crocidura Osorio), sau đó được phát hiện là một dân số thêm vào Crocidura russula.[3] Môi trường sống ưa thích của nó là đồng cỏrừng.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Hutterer, R. (2004). Crocidura russula. Sách đỏ 2006. IUCN 2006. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 5 năm 2006. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Crocidura russula”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ Molina, O. et al. (2003) "The origin of the Osorian shrew (Crocidura osorio) from Gran Canaria resolved using mtDNA". Italian Journal of Zoology, Volume 70, Issue 2

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Crocidura russula tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ Chuột chù này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Crocidura russula: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Crocidura russula là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột chù, bộ Soricomorpha. Loài này được Hermann mô tả năm 1780 , chúng được tìm thấy tại Châu ÂuBắc Phi. Nó là loài phổ biến nhất của chuột chù răng trắng. Loài này được tìm thấy dọc theo Địa Trung Hải, Hà Lan, Bỉ, ĐứcBồ Đào Nha, ngoài ra, chuột chù Osorio đảo Canary, ban đầu được mô tả như là một loài riêng biệt (Crocidura Osorio), sau đó được phát hiện là một dân số thêm vào Crocidura russula. Môi trường sống ưa thích của nó là đồng cỏrừng.

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Обыкновенная белозубка ( 俄語 )

由wikipedia русскую Википедию提供
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
Семейство: Землеройковые
Подсемейство: Белозубочьи
Вид: Обыкновенная белозубка
Международное научное название

Crocidura russula Hermann, 1780

Синонимы
Crocidura osorio Molina et Hutterer, 1989
Подвиды
  • C. r. cintrae Miller, 1907
  • C. r. osorio Molina et Hutterer, 1989
  • C. r. peta Montagu et Pickford, 1923
  • C. r. pulchra Cabrera, 1907
  • C. r. russula (Hermann, 1780)
  • C. r. yebalensis Cabrera, 1913
Ареал

изображение

Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 633672NCBI 36802EOL 1178862FW 233993

Обыкновенная белозубка[1][2], или длиннохвостая белозубка[1], или домовая землеройка[1] (лат. Crocidura russula) — млекопитающее рода Белозубки.

Длина тела — 7,5—11 см, хвоста — 3,5—5 см (меньше половины длины тела). Окраска буровато-серая (в том числе снизу), хвост одноцветный. Живёт на сырых вейниковых лугах и болотах, в зарослях кустарников по берегам рек.

Примечания

  1. 1 2 3 Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 35. — 10 000 экз.
  2. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 438. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
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Обыкновенная белозубка: Brief Summary ( 俄語 )

由wikipedia русскую Википедию提供

Обыкновенная белозубка, или длиннохвостая белозубка, или домовая землеройка (лат. Crocidura russula) — млекопитающее рода Белозубки.

Длина тела — 7,5—11 см, хвоста — 3,5—5 см (меньше половины длины тела). Окраска буровато-серая (в том числе снизу), хвост одноцветный. Живёт на сырых вейниковых лугах и болотах, в зарослях кустарников по берегам рек.

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中麝鼩 ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供
二名法 Crocidura russula
(Hermann, 1780)[2]
 src=
Crocidura russula.

中麝鼩学名Crocidura russula)为鼩鼱科麝鼩属的动物。分布于欧亚大陆各地和非洲北部,包括中国大陆广西海南云南四川等地,多栖息于水边草甸以及村庄农田。该物种的模式产地在法国斯特拉斯堡[2]

亚种

  • 中麝鼩滇南亚种学名Crocidura russula rapax),G. Allen于1923年命名。在中国大陆,分布于广西海南、云南(南部)等地。该物种的模式产地在云南。[3]
  • 中麝鼩丽江亚种学名Crocidura russula vorax),G. Allen于1923年命名。在中国大陆,分布于云南(西北部)、四川等地。该物种的模式产地在云南丽江地区雪山。[4]

参考文献

  1. ^ Crocidura russula. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2004.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 中麝鼩. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
  3. ^ 中国科学院动物研究所. 中麝鼩滇南亚种. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
  4. ^ 中国科学院动物研究所. 中麝鼩丽江亚种. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:中麝鼩  src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:中麝鼩
 title=
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中麝鼩: Brief Summary ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供
 src= Crocidura russula.

中麝鼩(学名:Crocidura russula)为鼩鼱科麝鼩属的动物。分布于欧亚大陆各地和非洲北部,包括中国大陆广西海南云南四川等地,多栖息于水边草甸以及村庄农田。该物种的模式产地在法国斯特拉斯堡

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큰흰이땃쥐 ( 韓語 )

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큰흰이땃쥐(Crocidura russula)는 작은 식충성 포유류의 일종이다.[2][3] 유럽북아프리카에서 발견된다.

아종

  • Crocidura russula russula
  • Crocidura russula cintrae
  • Crocidura russula osorio
  • Crocidura russula peta
  • Crocidura russula pulchra
  • Crocidura russula yebalensis

각주

  1. Aulagnier, S., Hutterer, R., Amori, G., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. 2016. Crocidura russula (errata version published in 2017). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T29652A115169607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T29652A22296936.en. Downloaded on 11 August 2018.
  2. Hutterer, R. (2005). 〈FAMILY Soricidae〉 [땃쥐과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 223–300쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Duarte, L.C.; Bouteiller, C; Fontanillas, IP; Petit, E; Perrin, N (2003). “Inbreeding in the Greater White-Toothed Shrew, Crocidura russula (PDF). 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》 57 (3): 638–45. JSTOR 3094775. PMID 12703953. 2013년 12월 2일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2013년 11월 4일에 확인함.
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