There is little available information on predation of this species. It is possible that they are prey to snakes as well as to some birds, including bat hawks, Machaerhamphus alcinus. Many members of the genus Nycteris asre reported to flutter around roosts, which could make them vulnerable to small mammals as well.
When the young are unable to fly, females take their young with them when they go hunting, as a way to avoid predators.
Pelage tends to be long and silky, with a range of colors from gray, to light red, to murky brown, with a white to light grey stomach. Compared to other members of Nycteridae, this species has lighter pelage. Typically any animal that lives in dry habitats has a lighter pelage compared to those that live in wet habitats.
This species varies greatly in body mass from 6.5 to 16 grams, and the total body length ranges from 83 to 168 mm, with a wingspan of 270 to 307 mm. Females tend to be larger than males. These bats have enormous ears that are longer than their total head length. Surprisingly, they have a very small tragus in relation to the size of their ears. An extensive nose leaf is also present, with a split in the middle. In proportion to their body size, they have a long tail, which is totally enclosed in a membrane called the uropatagium. The tip of the tail and uropatagium forms the shape of a "T", which is a distinctive characteristic of the family Nycteridae.
The dental formula for this species is I 2/3, C 1/1, P 1/2, M 3/3 = 32. Incisors are chisel-like in shape, and molars are small. Their P4 is so small it is almost not visible because it is hidden by P2 and M1. These bats are diphyodont, meaning there are two sets of teeth, one set of milk teeth, and another set of adult teeth. Nycteris thebaica is unique from other bats in that it retains its milk teeth outside of the womb. It is not uncommon for their milk teeth to be present for a short period of time with their first adult teeth.
Range mass: 6.5 to 16 g.
Range length: 83 to 168 mm.
Range wingspan: 270 to 307 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
There is little information about the lifespan and longevity of this species other than observations of those that have been kept in captivity.
Egyptian slit-faced bats do not do well in captivity. When given food and water they will eat the food, but will not touch the water, and as a result it is not uncommon for them to die of dehydration.
It is likely that individuals of this species live for many years, as most microchiropterans are long lived.
This species is most often found in dry habitat types, such as savanna woodland areas. However, they are found in various other habitat types.
These bats use a wide variety of roost sites, including caves, mine tunnels, tombs, military bunkers, masonary fireplaces, buildings, ruins, culverts, abandoned wells, pit latrines, root cavities, rock crevices, hollow trees, dense foliage, rocky outcrops, and sometimes the burrows of porcupines or aardvarks. Often times they separate roost sites for night and day. The selection of such a site is dependent on where they can find cool temperatures.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; rainforest
Other Habitat Features: caves
Egyptian slit-faced bats are found throughout Africa and parts of southern Europe. They range from South Africa up through Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, and to the island of Corfu. Nycteris thebaica is not found much outside of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native ); ethiopian (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: holarctic
The diet of these bats is variable and dependent on geographic location and season.
This species eats a mixture of lepidopterans (butterflies and moths). They also feed on other insects and spiders. A major portion of their diet consists of scorpions when available. Other key components of their diet include: orthopterans and coleopterans. There are also numerous prey organisms that are only a minor part of their diet, such as: araneidans, dipterans, hemipterans, homopterans, hymenopterans, isopterans, and neuropterans.
The feeding habits vary. Nycteris thebaica preys on organisms while flying, or observes them while hanging upside down from a tree and then goes after the prey. As these bats hang from a tree, they observe the surrounding area for prey. Their enormous ears are used to detect any noise made by potential prey. Once it hears a potential prey item, an individual bat will go after the area where the sound came from. In addition to their ears, they use their eyes (since echolocation is weak for these bats) to locate their prey.
This species also preys on insects that are not moving, such as on the ground, walls, rocks, lights, and vegetation. Small prey will be eaten on the spot, but larger prey will be taken to a tree and eaten while the bat is hanging. Their uropatagium is a tool that they use to bring their prey to their mouth. The females leave the roost at dusk (with their young) to go on regular hunts for food.
Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
As predators, these bats are likely to have some impact on insect populations. As prey, they may have a positive effect on their predators. In addition, N. thebaica is host for many parasites, including helminths, nematodes, trematodes, and standard mammalian ectoparasites. Mites infecting the margins of the ears are common in this species, and can cause individuals to damage their membranes from scratching. These bats may be an important reservoir host for nematode larvae in the suborder Spirurata, since these neoatodes use insects--the prey of the bats-- as intermediate hosts.
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
There is no known positive economic importance of this species for humans.
There are no known adverse effects of this species on humans.
There is little available information on the conservation status of N. thebaica. No information was found on either the IUCN Red List or CITES. These bats are not located in the United States and therefore are not found on the US Federal List.
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
These bats, like most other bats, use echolocation for finding prey. However, like other gleaning bats, their echolocation calls are not strong and as a result this species is often called a “whispering” bat. The echolocation that they produce has low intensity, and is multi-harmonic. Echolocation is used when they are assessing the area around them, especially for prey location.
This species uses eyesight more than some bats, probably as compensation for its weak echolocation ability.
In addition to calls used for echolocation, researchers have identified two long tonal calls made by these bats. One is made in a roost and appears to attract other bats to the source of the call. The other call is made when bats leave the roost.
As in other mammals, tactile and chemical communication probably play some role in mating and parental care.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; ultrasound ; echolocation ; chemical
There are no fossil specimens discovered of this species.
The mating systems of bats in the genus Nycteris have not been reported.
The reproductive cycles of females and males coincide, starting in March.
In populations in South Africa, females enter estrus in June. During this time breeding takes place. Gestation lasts between 2.4 to 6 months and takes place from June to November. Implantation of the fetus may not occur until as late as 16 days after mating. In tropical habitats, gestation is typically only 2.5 to 3 months. In more subtropical and temperate regions gestation usually lasts 5 months. This long period of gestation can be a result of the temperature or low resource availability. Females give birth during the month of November.
Lactation in related bats, Nycteris macrotis lasts for two months. It is likey that N. thebaica is similar.
The average body mass at birth is 6 g.
Breeding interval: In general, these bats breed once a year during the warmer months. However, many tropical populations have been known to have more than one breeding cycle.
Breeding season: Populations in South Africa breed in May and June.
Range number of offspring: 1 (high) .
Range gestation period: 2.5 to 6 months.
Average weaning age: 2 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous ; delayed implantation
The young when born are unable to fly. Neonates cling to their mother and travel with her while she goes on her daily quest for food starting in the early morning. This strategy is known to be a way of keeping the young clear of predators. At this stage the young weighs about half of the mother’s body mass.
Mothers provide the bulk of parental care in this species. The role of males in parental care has not been documented.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
Narrow (Nile Valley, Delta and Sinai).
Native, resident.
Die Egiptiese spleetneusvlermuis (Nycteris thebaica) kom voor in feitlik die hele Suider-Afrika.
Die kleur wissel van grysbruin tot rooibruin met 'n bleker onderkant. Die soogdier word tot 10 cm lank en weeg ±11g.
Hulle het verskeie habitats met geskikte slaapplekke. Bedags rus hulle in groot kolonies in grotte of grasdakgeboue. Hulle eet vlieënde insekte, skerpioene en spinnekoppe. Een kleintjie word vroeg in die somer gebore.
Die Egiptiese spleetneusvlermuis (Nycteris thebaica) kom voor in feitlik die hele Suider-Afrika.
Nikter Teba (Nycteris thebaica) a zo un askell-groc'hen hag a vev en Afrika hag e mervent Azia.
El nicteri d'Egipte (Nycteris thebaica) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels nictèrids que es troba a l'Àfrica continental, Israel, Jordània, Líban, Marroc, Aràbia Saudita, Síria, Turquia, Zanzíbar, Pemba i Iemen.[1][2]
El nicteri d'Egipte (Nycteris thebaica) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels nictèrids que es troba a l'Àfrica continental, Israel, Jordània, Líban, Marroc, Aràbia Saudita, Síria, Turquia, Zanzíbar, Pemba i Iemen.
Die Ägyptische Schlitznase (Nycteris thebaica), auch Ägyptische Schlitznasenfledermaus, ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Schlitznasen, welche in Afrika beheimatet ist. Der Artname bezieht sich auf die Stadt Theben nahe Luxor in Ägypten, wo die Art durch den Naturforscher Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire erstmals beschrieben wurde.
Die Ägyptische Schlitznase besitzt große, ovale Ohren und einen namengebenden, tiefen Schlitz in der Schnauze, welcher zwischen zwei kleinen Nasenblättern liegt. Der Tragus hat die Form einer umgedrehten Birne. Der Schwanz ist in die Schwanzflughaut eingeschlossen und endet wie bei anderen Vertretern dieser Familie in einem T-förmigen Knorpel, welcher die Schwanzflughaut stützt. Das Fell ist grundsätzlich heller als das anderer Schlitznasen, variierend zwischen staubgrau und einem rötlichen Braun. Der Bauch ist hellgrau bis weiß. Die Fellfärbung variiert nicht geographisch, jedoch wurde beobachtet, dass Individuen aus trockeneren Gebieten grundsätzlich heller sind. Die Unterarmlänge beträgt 39,2–47,4 mm, die Flügelspannweite knapp 30 cm. Männchen sind im Schnitt 8,7 g schwer, das Gewicht der Weibchen liegt bei 9,8 g.
Die Ägyptische Schlitznase besitzt relativ große, breite Flügel, was sie zu einem wendigen Flieger macht. Sie ist wie die meisten Fledermäuse nachtaktiv und ernährt sich von Arthropoden. Dabei ist die Art relativ opportunistisch. Die Beute wird entweder im Flug gefangen oder von Blättern und Boden aufgesammelt. Dabei nutzt die Ägyptische Schlitznase neben Echoortungsrufen auch Geräusche, die durch die Beute produziert wird, wie das Krabbeln auf losen Blättern. Zu den bevorzugten Beutetieren gehören Heuschrecken, Falter und Käfer. Während der Trockenzeit spielen zudem Raupen von Schmetterlingen eine größere Bedeutung in der Ernährung der Ägyptischen Schlitznase. Zudem ist die Wahl der Beute abhängig vom jeweiligen Vorkommen in dem Verbreitungsgebiet, Habitat und Jahreszeit. Man geht davon aus, dass sie zu den migrierenden Fledermausarten gehört, die weite Wanderbewegungen in Kauf nehmen um geeignetes Futter zu finden.
Die Echoortungsrufe der Ägyptischen Schlitznase sind kurz (40 ms. Einer davon befindet sich im Bereich zwischen 8,8 und 12,6 kHz und wird hauptsächlich in den Kolonien verwendet. Der zweite Ruf beginnt bei 22,1 kHz, sinkt auf 10,1 kHz ab und steigt dann wieder auf die Ausgangsfrequenz. Dieser Ruf wird von den Fledermäusen produziert, wenn sie den Hangplatz verlassen.
Tagsüber findet man die Ägyptische Schlitznase in künstlichen Strukturen wie Minen, Tunneln, Bunkern, Ruinen, Brunnen und Gruften, jedoch auch an natürlichen Hangplätzen wie in Höhlen, hohlen Bäumen, Felsspalten, sowie in Bauten von Erdferkeln und in Termitenhügeln. Ägyptische Schlitznasen bilden oft Kolonien von mehreren tausend Individuen. In Südafrika findet man die Art in Höhlen oft zusammen mit anderen Fledermäusen wie Myotis tricolor, der Gewöhnlichen Rundblattnase (Hipposideros caffer), Rhinolophus simulator, R. clivosus, die Blasius-Hufeisennase (Rhinolophus blasii), und Langflügelfledermäusen (Gattung Miniopterus). In der Demokratischen Republik Kongo teilt sich die Ägyptische Schlitznase den Hangplatz zudem gelegentlich mit Rhinolophus swinnyi, in Ostafrika mit dem Nilflughund (Rousettus aegyptiacus) und Taphozous perforatus, in Malawi mit Rhinolophus fumigatus, in Senegal mit der Großohr-Schlitznase (Nycteris macrotis) sowie in Ägypten mit Asellia tridens.
Ägyptische Schlitznasen können in tropischen Gebieten mehrmals im Jahr trächtig werden, während Populationen in den Subtropen und in Gebieten mit gemäßigtem Klima monoöstrisch sind. Die Weibchen bringen nach einer Tragzeit von etwa 5 Monaten in gemäßigten Gebieten und 2,5 bis 3 Monaten in tropischen Gebieten jeweils ein einziges Jungtier zur Welt. Neugeborene wiegen im Schnitt 6,0 g und werden von den Weibchen während der Futtersuchflüge an den Zitzen hängend mitgenommen.
Die Ägyptische Schlitznase kommt in weiten Teilen Afrikas, der Arabischen Halbinsel und in Israel vor. Man findet sie in einer Vielzahl von Habitaten, wie in Savannen, Waldland und Regenwald. Die Art wird von der IUCN als ungefährdet eingestuft.[1]
Die Ägyptische Schlitznase (Nycteris thebaica), auch Ägyptische Schlitznasenfledermaus, ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Schlitznasen, welche in Afrika beheimatet ist. Der Artname bezieht sich auf die Stadt Theben nahe Luxor in Ägypten, wo die Art durch den Naturforscher Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire erstmals beschrieben wurde.
The Egyptian slit-faced bat (Nycteris thebaica) is a species of slit-faced bat broadly distributed throughout Africa and the Middle East. It is a species of microbat in the family Nycteridae. Six subspecies are known.[1]
The Egyptian slit-faced bat gets its name from a deep slit that runs from the base of the ears to the nostrils, between the nose leaves. The bats typically weigh 6.5–9.7 g (0.23–0.34 oz), with females weighing up to 11.5 g (0.41 oz).[2] The wings are broad, with a wingspan of 283 mm (11.1 in) and a low aspect ratio, allowing for high maneuverability and the ability to hover close to the ground.[2][3]
The dorsal surface is dusky to reddish brown, while the underside is white to whitish gray. This bat has lighter fur than other members of the nycterid family. It has a long tail, reaching to 61 mm (2.4 in).[2]
This species is able to thrive in a variety of tropical and temperate habitats throughout Africa and the Arabian peninsula.[2] A specimen of an Egyptian silt-faced bat was found on the island of Corfu, Greece; making it the first record of the animal in Europe.[4] It can live in widely diverse habitats, including forests, deserts, savannas, shrublands, and grasslands.[1]
The uterine horns open into the vagina through separate vaginal canals, forming a uterus duplex. The placenta also lacks a hemophagous area, a structure which aids in endocytosis and digestion of erythrocytes.[5] The gestation period varies depending on climate, lasting 2–3 months in tropical areas, while lasting up to 5 months in temperate climates. At birth, this species weighs about 50% of the mother’s weight. The females fly, carrying their young, between roosts to keep them safe from predators.[2]
Unlike most bats, N. thebaica is not heterothermic, displaying no evidence of hibernation or torpor behaviors. One explanation for this might be that hibernation makes N. thebaica highly vulnerable to predation. In particular, the large slit-faced bat is known to prey on roosting Egyptian slit-faced bats.[6]
Egyptian slit-faced bats form roosting colonies numbering from a few to thousands of other members. Because they can maneuver in crowded habitats, they are able to occupy caves and holes that cannot be accessed by other bat species.[2] While the bats do form a communal roost, individuals do not huddle together to conserve energy and warmth.[6] They occupy two roosts, using the daytime roost to rest, while only spending a few hours in the night roost before going out to forage.[7] They have a long-night foraging period, lasting several hours.[6]
The bats use high-frequency and low-intensity echolocation calls to locate prey. The low wing loading and low aspect ratio allows them to hover and swipe prey from the ground or from the tops of trees. They are generalist-opportunistic feeders, meaning they consume a wide range of prey, according to prey availability and season.[3] The different insect groups these bats tend to consume are: Coleoptera during the spring, Orthoptera during the summer, Hemiptera in autumn, and Lepidoptera during the winter.[8] Insects comprise the bulk o this bat's diet;[2] this flexible diet allows them to thrive in a wide variety of habitats.
N. thebaica is observed to have a relatively long lifespan, with captive females surviving at least five years. While juvenile bats have a high mortality rate, after the first year, the species has a high rate of survival.[7]
The Egyptian slit-faced bat (Nycteris thebaica) is a species of slit-faced bat broadly distributed throughout Africa and the Middle East. It is a species of microbat in the family Nycteridae. Six subspecies are known.
El murciélago egipcio, murciélago africano de cara hendida o dicterio de Tebas (Nycteris thebaica) es una especie de murciélago microquiróptero de la familia Nycteridae. Está ampliamente distribuido en África al sur del Sáhara, pero también se encuentra en Marruecos, Libia, Egipto, Israel, Jordania y Arabia Saudí;[1] en Europa se han encontrado ejemplares extraviados en varias islas del Mediterráneo oriental.[2]
Se han descrito las siguientes subespecies:[3]
El murciélago egipcio, murciélago africano de cara hendida o dicterio de Tebas (Nycteris thebaica) es una especie de murciélago microquiróptero de la familia Nycteridae. Está ampliamente distribuido en África al sur del Sáhara, pero también se encuentra en Marruecos, Libia, Egipto, Israel, Jordania y Arabia Saudí; en Europa se han encontrado ejemplares extraviados en varias islas del Mediterráneo oriental.
Nycteris thebaica Nycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Nycteridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Nycteris thebaica Nycteris generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Nycteridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Il nitteride di Tebe (Nycteris thebaica E.Geoffroy, 1818) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Nitteridi diffuso in Africa e nel vicino oriente.[1][2]
Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 41 e 57 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 40 e 49 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 48 e 57 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 8 e 14 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 28 e 35 mm, un'apertura alare fino a 30,7 cm e un peso fino a 11 g.[3]
La pelliccia è lunga, soffice, arruffata e lanuginosa. Le parti dorsali sono grigio chiare, grigio-brunastre, bruno-rossastre o marroni scure, mentre le parti ventrali sono più chiare, spesso biancastre. È presente una fase completamente arancione. Il muso è privo di peli e con un solco longitudinale che termina sulla fronte in una profonda fossa. Le orecchie sono molto lunghe, strette, con l'estremità arrotondata ed unite anteriormente alla base da una sottile membrana cutanea. Il trago è corto, con l'estremità arrotondata e ricoperta di peli e un profondo incavo sul bordo posteriore. Le membrane alari sono grigio scure o bruno-grigiastre. Gli arti inferiori sono lunghi e sottili, i piedi, le dita e gli artigli sono molto piccoli. La coda è lunga, con l'estremità che termina con una struttura cartilaginea a forma di T ed è inclusa completamente nell'ampio uropatagio. Il cariotipo è 2n=42 FNa=78.
Emette ultrasuoni a bassissima intensità sotto forma di impulsi di breve durata, multi-armonici a banda larga e frequenza modulata iniziale di circa 97 kHz e finale di 61 kHz, con massima energia sulla frequenza fondamentale a circa 94 kHz.
Si rifugia di giorno in gruppi da tre a diverse centinaia di individui, occasionalmente singolarmente o a coppie all'interno di grotte, gallerie minerarie, edifici, tombe, rovine, pozzi, canali d'irrigazione, cavità degli alberi, fessure rocciose, tane di oritteropi e termitai. Gli adulti rimangono appesi per le zampe e con la testa piegata ad angolo retto rispetto al corpo, separatamente in ordine sparso. Durante le ore diurne emettono una vocalizzazione udibile dall'uomo, lunga, ad alta intensità e politonale, la quale attrae talvolta i loro simili. I rituali di corteggiamento includono voli frenetici, testate e morsi sul collo, mentre gli accoppiamenti avvengono sospesi in aria e sono ripetuti più volte. Al tramonto le madri portano i loro piccoli aggrappati alle mammelle fuori dai ricoveri diurni per evitare la predazione da parte del nitteride maggiore.
Si nutre di artropodi volanti e non volanti, particolarmente lepidotteri e in misura minore ortotteri, coleotteri, emitteri, omotteri, isotteri, neurotteri, imenotteri e ditteri, catturati in volo o raccolti sulla vegetazione o sul terreno, all'interno del denso fogliame del sottobosco e della volta forestale, sopra corsi d'acqua o vicino a luci artificiali ed edifici. Spesso caccia molto vicino al suolo e considerando la sua morfologia alare, probabilmente non molto distante dai rifugi diurni.
Danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta ai primi di novembre, dopo che la copulazione e la fertilizzazione si verificano a giugno, seguite da un periodo di gestazione di 5 mesi senza alcun ritardo di sviluppo embrionico. Dopo due mesi di allattamento le femmine raggiungono un picco nell'ovulazione da aprile ai primi di giugno e ancora a luglio ed agosto.
Questa specie è diffusa nell'Africa subsahariana dal Senegal alla Somalia ad est fino al Sudafrica a sud, nel Marocco, lungo il bacino del Nilo, Penisola del Sinai, Israele, Giordania e nella Penisola arabica occidentale e meridionale.
Vive in zone temperate, subtropicali e tropicali preferendo le savane alberate alle foreste pluviali.
Sono state riconosciute 8 sottospecie:
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale e la mancanza di minacce rilevanti, classifica N.thebaica come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Il nitteride di Tebe (Nycteris thebaica E.Geoffroy, 1818) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Nitteridi diffuso in Africa e nel vicino oriente.
De Thebaanse spleetneusvleermuis (Nycteris thebaica) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de spleetneusvleermuizen (Nycteridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door É. Geoffroy in 1818.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Bruzdonos egipski[3] (Nycteris thebaica) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny bruzdonosowatych (Nycteridae)[4].
Występuje na suchych równinach oraz lasach Bliskiego Wschodu, w Afryce na południe od Sahary oraz na Madagaskarze.
Bruzdonos egipski zjada wszelakie bezkręgowce, znalezione przez niego wśród koron drzew, ale również znajdujące się na ziemi np. skorpiony, które są ich przysmakiem.
Samice rodzą młode w styczniu lub w lutym, ale przypuszcza się, że w późniejszej porze roku również na świat samica wydaje jeszcze jedno młode.
Bruzdonos egipski (Nycteris thebaica) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny bruzdonosowatych (Nycteridae).
Nycteris thebaica é uma espécie de morcego da família Nycteridae. Pode ser encontrada em grande parte da África subsaariana, e também no Marrocos, Líbia, Egito (principalmente no Vale do Nilo e no Sinai), Israel e Jordânia.
Nycteris thebaica é uma espécie de morcego da família Nycteridae. Pode ser encontrada em grande parte da África subsaariana, e também no Marrocos, Líbia, Egito (principalmente no Vale do Nilo e no Sinai), Israel e Jordânia.
Nycteris thebaica[2][3], egyptisk klyvsvans[4], är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av E. Geoffroy 1818. Nycteris thebaica ingår i släktet hålnäsor, och familjen Nycteridae.[5][6] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[5] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 8 underarter.[2]
Denna fladdermus blir med svans 83 till 168 mm lång och har en vingspann av 270 till 307 mm. Vikten varierar mellan 6,5 och 16 g. Den långa och lena pälsen har på ovansidan en grå-, röd- eller brunaktig färg medan undersidan är ljusgrå till vitaktig. Pälsen är allmänt ljusare än hos andra hålnäsor. På huvudet förekommer stora öron som är större än huvudet själv. Däremot är örats hudflik (tragus) liten. Svansen är omsluten av flygmembranen mellan bakbenen (uropatagium). Den har liksom hos andra hålnäsor vid spetsen en tvärs gående del som bildar ett T. Tandformeln är I 2/3 C 1/1 P 1/2 M 3/3, alltså 32 tänder.[7]
Arten beskrevs efter en individ från Egypten. Artepitet i det vetenskapliga namnet syftar på den forntida staden Thebe.[2] Nycteris thebaica har en stor utbredning i Afrika söder om Sahara. Den saknas där bara i täta regnskogar (till exempel vid Kongofloden) samt i mycket torra regioner. I nordöst sträcker sig utbredningsområdet till södra Libanon. Dessutom finns avskilda populationer på sydvästra Arabiska halvön, i södra Libyen och i nordvästra Marocko.[1]
Nycteris thebaica lever i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 2000 meter över havet. Den föredrar torra och fuktiga savanner som habitat men besöker även angränsande landskap.[1]
Denna fladdermus vilar vanligen i grottor och bildar där små kolonier med 10 till 30 medlemmar. Ibland ingår upp till 100 individer i kolonin. Dessutom används gruvor, vägtrummor, bergssprickor, byggnader, trädens håligheter och bon av jordsvinet (Orycteropus afer) som sovplats.[1] Enligt andra observationer kan arten bilda stora kolonier tillsammans med andra fladdermöss och dessa kolonier kan ha tusen medlemmar. Arten utför ibland större vandringar men deras syfte är inte utrett.[7]
Nycteris thebaica jagar på kvällen eller under natten insekter och andra ryggradslösa djur med hjälp av ekolokalisering, hörseln och synen. Födans sammansättning är beroende på region och årstid. Arten fångar sina byten under flyget eller plockar de från grunden.[7]
Parningstiden är beroende på utbredningsområdet. I Sydafrika sker parningen oftast i juni. Vanligen vilar det befruktade ägget 16 dagar innan dräktigheten börjar. Efter 2,5 till 3 månader föds en enda unge. Nyfödda hålnäsor väger cirka 6 g. De diar sin mor ungefär två månader. När modern letar efter föda håller sig ungen fast i hennes päls. Livslängden för arten är okänd men allmänt har småfladdermöss (Microchiroptera) ett ganska långt liv.[7]
Individer som hölls i fångenskap har vanligen ett kort liv. De vägrar dricka vatten och dör av vätskebrist.[7]
Habitatförstörelse är ett potentiellt hot för arten. Avskilda populationer vid Medelhavet påverkas negativ när människor besöker deras grottor. Arten är vanlig förekommande i andra delar av utbredningsområdet. IUCN kategoriserar Nycteris thebaica globalt som livskraftig.[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Nycteris thebaica.
Wikispecies har information om Nycteris thebaica.
Nycteris thebaica, egyptisk klyvsvans, är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av E. Geoffroy 1818. Nycteris thebaica ingår i släktet hålnäsor, och familjen Nycteridae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 8 underarter.
Широко розповсюджений по савані і прибережних зонах. Зустрічається в основному в країнах Африки на південь від Сахари; також в Марокко, Лівії, Єгипті (в основному вниз по долині річки Ніл, і на Синаї) і Близькому Сході (Ізраїль, Палестина і Йорданія). Висота: від рівня моря до 2000 м. Населяє вологі й сухі савани, краї пустель, посушливі кам'янисті ділянки та прибережні смуги. Спочиває протягом дня в печерах, шахтах, штольнях, отворах мурахоїда, тріщинах скель, водопропускних трубах під дорогами, дахах і дуплах дерев, як правило, у відкритому савановому рідколіссі.
Хвіст довгий, вуха великі овальні. Хутро шовковисте і змінюється в кольорі від темно коричневого або світло-червонувато-коричневого до сірого рівномірного на спинній поверхні, з білою до білувато-сірого на череві. Помаранчева фаза була описана. Колір не слідує за місцезнаходженням, хоча тварини, що мешкають в посушливих районах світліші.
Руйнування середовища проживання і деградація впливають на вид. Може знаходитись в деяких охоронних територіях.
Nycteris thebaica là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Nycteridae, bộ Dơi. Loài này được E. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1818.[1]
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Nycteris thebaica là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Nycteridae, bộ Dơi. Loài này được E. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1818.
이집트틈새얼굴박쥐(Nycteris thebaica)는 틈새얼굴박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 아프리카 전역과 중동에 널리 분포하고 있으며, 6종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[2]
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