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Hystricomorpha ( İngilizce )

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The term Hystricomorpha (from Greek ὕστριξ, hystrix 'porcupine' and Greek μορφή, morphē 'form')[2] has had many definitions throughout its history. In the broadest sense, it refers to any rodent (except dipodoids) with a hystricomorphous zygomasseteric system. This includes the Hystricognathi, Ctenodactylidae, Anomaluridae, and Pedetidae. Molecular and morphological results suggest the inclusion of the Anomaluridae and Pedetidae in Hystricomorpha may be suspect. Based on Carleton & Musser 2005, these two families are discussed here as representing a distinct suborder Anomaluromorpha.

Classification

Cranium of a capybara showing the enlarged infraorbital canal present in most members of the Hystricomorpha: This condition is termed hystricomorphy.

The modern definition of Hystricomorpha, also known as Entodacrya or Ctenohystrica, is a taxonomic hypothesis uniting the gundis with the hystricognath rodents.[3] Considerable morphological and strong molecular support exists for this relationship. If true, this hypothesis renders the traditional view of Sciurognathi invalid, as it becomes a paraphyletic group.

The hystricomorph rodents, or at least members of Caviomorpha, are sometimes not regarded as rodents.[4] Most molecular and genetic research, however, confirms the monophyly of rodents.[5] Support for rodent polyphyly appears to be a product of long branch attraction.[6]

Hystricomorph rodents appeared in South America in the Eocene,[7] a continent which previously had metatherians, xenarthrans, and meridiungulates as the only resident nonflying mammals. They apparently arrived by rafting across the Atlantic from Africa. The same type of migration may have occurred with primates,[8] which also appeared in South America in the Eocene when it was an isolated continent, long before the Great American Interchange. All of this is still controversial, and new scientific discoveries on this subject are published regularly.

Families

The following list of families is based on the taxonomy of Marivaux et al. 2002 and Marivaux, Vianey-Liaud & Jaeger 2004, who subjected a number of early fossil rodents to parsimony analysis and recovered support for the Hystricomorpha or Entodacrya hypothesis. Their results rendered the suborder Sciuravida as defined by McKenna & Bell 1997 to be polyphyletic and invalid. The symbol "†" is used to indicate extinct groups.

Citations

  1. ^ Brandt 1855
  2. ^ "Hystricomorpha". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  3. ^ Carleton & Musser 2005
  4. ^ Graur, Hide & Li 1991; D'Erchia et al. 1996; Reyes, Pesole & Saccone 2000
  5. ^ Cao et al. 1994; Kuma & Miyata 1994; Sullivan & Swofford 1997; Robinson-Rechavi, Ponger & Mouchiroud 2000; Lin et al. 2002; Reyes et al. 2004
  6. ^ Bergsten 2005
  7. ^ Antoine, P.-O.; Marivaux, L.; Croft, D. A.; Billet, G.; Ganerod, M.; Jaramillo, C.; Martin, T.; Orliac, M. J.; et al. (2011). "Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1732): 1319–1326. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1732. PMC 3282368. PMID 21993503.
  8. ^ Bond, M.; Tejedor, M. F.; Campbell, K. E.; Chornogubsky, L.; Novo, N.; Goin, F. (2015-02-04). "Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys". Nature. 520 (7548): 538–41. doi:10.1038/nature14120. PMID 25652825. S2CID 4456556.

General references

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Hystricomorpha: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

The term Hystricomorpha (from Greek ὕστριξ, hystrix 'porcupine' and Greek μορφή, morphē 'form') has had many definitions throughout its history. In the broadest sense, it refers to any rodent (except dipodoids) with a hystricomorphous zygomasseteric system. This includes the Hystricognathi, Ctenodactylidae, Anomaluridae, and Pedetidae. Molecular and morphological results suggest the inclusion of the Anomaluridae and Pedetidae in Hystricomorpha may be suspect. Based on , these two families are discussed here as representing a distinct suborder Anomaluromorpha.

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Hystricomorpha ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Los histricomorfos (Hystricomorpha) son un suborden de mamíferos roedores que incluye, entre otras especies, los puercoespines del Viejo Mundo, los puercoespines del Nuevo Mundo, las chinchillas, las cobayas, los capibaras, los agutíes, los tucu-tucus, el coipo y las jutías.

Taxonomía

Los histricomorfos se clasifican en:[1][2]

Referencias

  1. Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World (en inglés) (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
  2. Marivaux, L.; Vianey-Liaud, M.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2004). «High-level phylogeny of early Tertiary rodents: dental evidence». Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142 (1): 105-134. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00131.x.
  3. M. Arnal & M.G. Vucetich (2015). «Revision of the fossil rodent Acaremys Ameghino, 1887 (Hystricognathi, Octodontoidea, Acaremyidae) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina) and the description of a new acaremyid». Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 27 (1): 42-59. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.863881.

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Hystricomorpha: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

Los histricomorfos (Hystricomorpha) son un suborden de mamíferos roedores que incluye, entre otras especies, los puercoespines del Viejo Mundo, los puercoespines del Nuevo Mundo, las chinchillas, las cobayas, los capibaras, los agutíes, los tucu-tucus, el coipo y las jutías.

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Hystricomorpha ( Fransızca )

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Les Hystrichomorphes (Hystricomorpha) sont un sous-ordre de rongeurs[1] diversement validé ou subdivisé selon les classifications qui placent aussi ces rongeurs dans les Hystricognatha. Ce sous-ordre rassemble les goundis dans la famille des Ctenodactylidae et parmi l'infra-ordre des Hystricognathi les hutias, les cobayes, les maras, les viscaches, les chinchillas, les agoutis, les porcs-épics, les octodons, un certain nombre de rats, etc.

Le nom de ce sous-ordre vient du latin hystrix, hystricis, « porc-épic », et du grec μορφή (morphê), « forme »[2]. Il a été décrit pour la première fois en 1855 par le naturaliste allemand Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802-1879)

Chez les hystricomorphes, les racines des incisives et des dents jugales ne se ferment pas et poursuivent leur croissance pendant toute leur vie.

Liste d'infra-ordres, sous-ordres et familles

Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (3 déc. 2012)[3] :

Selon Paleobiology Database (3 déc. 2012)[4] :

Notes et références

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Hystricomorpha: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Les Hystrichomorphes (Hystricomorpha) sont un sous-ordre de rongeurs diversement validé ou subdivisé selon les classifications qui placent aussi ces rongeurs dans les Hystricognatha. Ce sous-ordre rassemble les goundis dans la famille des Ctenodactylidae et parmi l'infra-ordre des Hystricognathi les hutias, les cobayes, les maras, les viscaches, les chinchillas, les agoutis, les porcs-épics, les octodons, un certain nombre de rats, etc.

Le nom de ce sous-ordre vient du latin hystrix, hystricis, « porc-épic », et du grec μορφή (morphê), « forme ». Il a été décrit pour la première fois en 1855 par le naturaliste allemand Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802-1879)

Chez les hystricomorphes, les racines des incisives et des dents jugales ne se ferment pas et poursuivent leur croissance pendant toute leur vie.

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Їжатцевиді ( Ukraynaca )

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Їжатцевиді (Hystricomorpha) — підряд ссавців ряду мишоподібних (Muriformes) надряду Гризуни (Rodentia).

Класифікація на рівні надродин

(без вимерлих груп)

Підряд поділяють 2 інфраряди та 19 родин (дві Ctenodactylomorphi та 17 Hystricognathi).

  • Підряд Їжатцевиді (Hystricomorpha)
Інфраряд Ctenodactylomorphi: родини Гундієві (Ctenodactylidae) і Діатомісові (Diatomyidae)
Інфраряд Hystricognathi — 17 родин
Парворяд Hystricomorpha (s. str.): типова родина — їжатцеві (Hystricidae)
Парворяд Phiomorpha: типова родина — викопні гризуни; вкл. Африканські скельні щури (Petromuridae)
Парворяд Bathyergomorpha (часто у складі Phiomorpha): типова родина — Землекопові (Bathyergidae)
Парворяд кавієвиді (Caviomorpha): типова родина — Кавієві (Caviidae)
Надродина Голкошерстуваті (Erethizontoidea): типова родина — Голкошерстові (Erethizontidae)
Надродина Кавіюваті (Cavioidea): типова родина — Кавієві (Caviidae)
Надродина Шиншилуваті (Chinchilloidea): типова родина — Шиншилові (Chinchillidae)
Надродина Віскашуваті (Octodontoidea): типова родина Віскашеві (Octodontidae)

Джерела


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Їжатцевиді: Brief Summary ( Ukraynaca )

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Їжатцевиді (Hystricomorpha) — підряд ссавців ряду мишоподібних (Muriformes) надряду Гризуни (Rodentia).

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豪猪亚目 ( Çince )

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豪猪亚目学名:Hystricomorpha)在历史上曾有过许多含义。广义上是指所有具有豪猪型颧弓-咬肌结构(Zygomasseteric system)的啮齿目动物(跳鼠类除外),包括豪猪下目(Hystricognathi)、栉趾鼠科(Ctenodactylidae)、鳞尾松鼠科(Anomaluridae)、跳兔科(Pedetidae)。分子及形态学研究表明,将鳞尾松鼠科与跳兔科列入其中是有争议的。根据Carleton与Musser的研究[1],这两科被分为鳞尾松鼠亚目(Anomaluromorpha)。

豪猪亚目(又被称为Entodacrya或Ctenohystrica)的现代定义是指将栉趾鼠与豪猪下目联系起来的分类学假设。[1]支持这一说法有很多形态学以及分子系统发生学的证据。如果此假说是真实的,那传统观点中的松鼠形亚目将被推翻,成为一个并系群

豪猪类动物,或至少是豚鼠小目中的成员,有时会被认为是非啮齿类。[2][3][4]不过大多数分子与遗传学研究都表明啮齿动物是单系群[5][6][7][8][9][10]而支持啮齿类为多系群的证据被认为是源自长枝吸引(long branch attraction)的现象。[11]

豪猪类动物于渐新世早期出现于南美洲[12],这里此前的陆地哺乳动物只有后兽下纲贫齿总目南蹄目。豪猪类是从非洲横渡大西洋到达南美洲的。同一类型的迁徙还发生在灵长目中,这些都发生于南北美洲生物大迁徙之前。不过这些说法至今尚存争议。

分类

以下的分类是根据Marivaux等人对早期啮齿类化石进行的支序分类学分析而来的。[13][14]他们的研究支持豪猪亚目假说,并表明McKenna与Bell定义的先松鼠亚目(Sciuravida)[15]是多系群,因而并不成立。

注释

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Carleton and Musser, 2005
  2. ^ Graur et al., 1991
  3. ^ D'Erchia et al., 1996
  4. ^ Reyes et al., 2000
  5. ^ Cao et al., 1994
  6. ^ Kuma and Miyata, 1994
  7. ^ Sullivan and Swofford, 1997
  8. ^ Robinson-Rechavi et al., 2000
  9. ^ Lin et al., 2002
  10. ^ Reyes et al., 2004
  11. ^ Bergsten, 2005
  12. ^ Flynn et al., 2003
  13. ^ Marivaux et al., 2002
  14. ^ Marivaux et al., 2004
  15. ^ McKenna and Bell, 1997

参考文献

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:豪猪亚目  src= 维基物种中的分类信息:豪猪亚目
  • Bergsten, J. 2005. A review of long-branch attraction. Cladistics, 21:163-193.
  • Cao, Y., Adachi, J., Yano, T. and Hasegawa, M. 1994. Phylogenetic place of guinea pigs: No support of the rodent-polyphyly hypothesis from maximum-likelihood analyses of multiple protein sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 11: 593-604.
  • Carleton, M. D. and G. G. Musser. 2005. Order Rodentia. Pp745–752 in Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds.). Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • D'Erchia, A., Gissi, C., Pesole, G., Saccone, C. and Arnason, U. 1996. The guinea-pig is not a rodent. Nature, 381 (6583): 597-600.
  • Flynn, J. J., Wyss, A. R., Croft, D. A., and Charrier, R. 2003. The Tinguiririca Fauna, Chile: biochronology, paleoecology, biogeography, and a new earliest Oligocene South American Land Mammal ‘Age’. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 195:229-259.
  • Graur, D., Hide, W. and Li, W. 1991. Is the guinea-pig a rodent? Nature, 351: 649-652.
  • Huchon, D. E. J. P. Douzery. 2001. From the Old World to the New World: A molecular chronicle of the phylogeny and biogeography of hystricognath rodents. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20:238-251.
  • Kuma, K. and Miyata, T. 1994. Mammalian phylogeny inferred from multiple protein data. Japanese Journal of Genetics, 69 (5): 555-66.
  • Landry, S. O. J. 1999. A proposal for a new classification and nomenclature for the glires. Mitt. Mus. Nat. Kd. Berl. Zool. Reihe, 75:283-316.
  • Lin, Y-H, et al. 2002. Four new mitochondrial genomes and the increased stability of evolutionary trees of mammals from improved taxon sampling. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19: 2060-2070.
  • Marivaux, L., M. Vianey-Liaud, and J.-J. Jaeger. 2004. High-level phylogeny of early Tertiary rodents: dental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 142:105-134.
  • Marivaux, L. J. L. Welcomme, M. Vianey-Liaud, and J.J. Jaeger. 2002. The role of Asia in the origin and diversification of hystricognathous rodents. Zoologica Scripta, 31:225-239.
  • McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
  • Reyes, A., Pesole, G. and Saccone, C. 2000. Long-branch attraction phenomenon and the impact of among-site rate variation on rodent phylogeny. Gene, 259 (1-2): 177-87.
  • Reyes, A., Gissi, C., Catzeflis, F., Nevo, E. Pesole, G. and Saccone, C. 2004. Congruent mammalian trees from mitochondrial and nuclear genes using Bayesian methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21 (2): 397-403.
  • Robinson-Rechavi, M., Ponger, L. and Mouchiroud, D. 2000. Nuclear gene LCAT supports rodent monophyly. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17: 1410-1412.
  • Sullivan, J. and Swofford, D.L. 1997. Are guinea pigs rodents? the importance of adequate models in molecular phylogenetics. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 4: 77-86.
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豪猪亚目: Brief Summary ( Çince )

wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı

豪猪亚目(学名:Hystricomorpha)在历史上曾有过许多含义。广义上是指所有具有豪猪型颧弓-咬肌结构(Zygomasseteric system)的啮齿目动物(跳鼠类除外),包括豪猪下目(Hystricognathi)、栉趾鼠科(Ctenodactylidae)、鳞尾松鼠科(Anomaluridae)、跳兔科(Pedetidae)。分子及形态学研究表明,将鳞尾松鼠科与跳兔科列入其中是有争议的。根据Carleton与Musser的研究,这两科被分为鳞尾松鼠亚目(Anomaluromorpha)。

豪猪亚目(又被称为Entodacrya或Ctenohystrica)的现代定义是指将栉趾鼠与豪猪下目联系起来的分类学假设。支持这一说法有很多形态学以及分子系统发生学的证据。如果此假说是真实的,那传统观点中的松鼠形亚目将被推翻,成为一个并系群

豪猪类动物,或至少是豚鼠小目中的成员,有时会被认为是非啮齿类。不过大多数分子与遗传学研究都表明啮齿动物是单系群。而支持啮齿类为多系群的证据被认为是源自长枝吸引(long branch attraction)的现象。

豪猪类动物于渐新世早期出现于南美洲,这里此前的陆地哺乳动物只有后兽下纲贫齿总目南蹄目。豪猪类是从非洲横渡大西洋到达南美洲的。同一类型的迁徙还发生在灵长目中,这些都发生于南北美洲生物大迁徙之前。不过这些说法至今尚存争议。

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