In public parks and gardens, feral cats and occasionally some domestic dogs kill these birds. Bird feeders that provide manufactured "nectar" can be detrimental to birds' health, due to the lack of thiamine in the refined sugar. Predation rate increases during the breeding season when helpless nestlings are vulnerable to attack. When adult birds sense a predator approaching, they perform broken-wing distraction displays and lure the predators away from the nest. If nestlings have fledged or are near fledging, they may flutter or explode from the nest when predators come near which often proves fatal.
Known Predators:
The sexual dimorphism of eastern spinebills is not significant. Male eastern spinebills have an overall glossy black body about 13 to 16 cm long. Upper tail and inner wings are gray. They feature a white throat and bib that extends to the belly, and have a smaller, brown bib that covers only the throat. The lower breast and belly are a light brown to yellow-brown color. Males have feet and legs that are either black or dark red-brown. Females are similar to males but have more of an olive-grayish appearance and less intense brown on the throat. Along with the light, yellow-brown belly, females often have white feathers dispersed throughout plumage. Unlike male spinebills, females have paler, grayish-pink feet and legs. Whereas the juveniles' eyes are black, the adults tend to have bright red eyes. Their wing span ranges from 18 to 23 cm and their long, thin bills range from 2 to 5 cm. The average body weight is 11 g although it increases during the winter months due to the storing of fat to conserve energy. Eastern spinebills go through two moulting stages sometime between early December and late April.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris can be distinguished from Acanthorhynchus superciliosus, or western spinebills, by differences in body size and appearance. A. superciliosus, slightly smaller than A. tenuirostris, has white supercilium and an overall appearance of olive-gray rather than black.
Average mass: 11 g.
Range length: 13 to 16 cm.
Range wingspan: 18 to 23 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike; sexes colored or patterned differently; male more colorful
Currently there is no data available on the lifespan of Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris.
Eastern spinebills mainly inhabit dense forest and woodlands with thick underbrush. They nest on a small tree or bush from a few to more than ten meters above the ground. They are common in low-altitude and near-coastal, dry heathland but they are sometimes present in the higher altitudes as well. They are occasionally found in rainforests, and less often in wet sclerophyll forest. Eastern spinebills are also common in urban gardens and parks. Eastern spinebills can be solitary or gregarious, and they show regular seasonal movements within a limited area depending on resource availability.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest ; scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: urban
Eastern spinebills are native to eastern and south-eastern Australia. They are widespread, ranging from east of the Great Divide to west of Carnarvon Gorge, passing through North Queensland. The range of eastern spinebills extends from the coast, inland to Boggabilla in the northwestern Plains Region. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris is also found in Tasmania. These birds may migrate during cold months but they are usually within one region, depending on food source availability.
Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )
Eastern spinebills are primarily nectar-feeders and use their highly-adapted, tubular beak to forage from tubular flowers. Their highly specialized beaks are hypothesized to be the result of a close co-evolution with the tubular flowers they feed upon. Eastern spinebills select flowers based on available nectar rather than size of the flower. Young are mainly fed on insects, differing from adults who depend on insects only during or prior to their breeding periods or when nectar availability decreases during winter.
These birds are most active during the day because the amount of nectar peaks at dawn and more insects are active at that time. Their nectar consumptions peaks in autumn, from August to October, mainly to store fat and increase their body mass to prepare for upcoming winter.
Animal Foods: insects
Plant Foods: nectar
Primary Diet: herbivore (Nectarivore )
Like all honeyeaters, eastern spinebills are very effective pollinators for nectar-producing plant species. While feeding on nectar, their heads often brush against the flower and collect pollen which is then transferred to the next flower they feed on. Due to their specialized bills, eastern spinebills forage from a limited group of flowering species, therefore reducing the amount of cross-pollination and resulting in very effective pollination. During winter or low nectar resources, eastern spinebills also prey on insects and likely impact their populations as well.
Several species of cuckoos including pallid cuckoos (Cuculus pallidus) and shining bronze-cuckoos (Chrysococcyx lucidus) are brood parasites known to use eastern spinebills as hosts. Brood parasitism can result in lower productivity for host species, as the parasitic young often eject other hatchlings out of the nest or out-compete them for food.
Eastern spinebills are also known to be hosts for some flower mites including Hattena cometis and H. floricola. The flower mites may negatively affect eastern spinebills by consuming nectar and therefore reducing food availability for spinebills.
Ecosystem Impact: pollinates
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Although humans are not affected directly, pollination by eastern spinebills allows for greater diversity of flowers not only in the wild but also in gardens and urban parks.
There are no known adverse effects of Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris on humans.
The increase in feral cat populations has led to population declines in eastern spinebills. Despite population declines of over 30% in recent years, the IUCN Red List labels the species as least concern.
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Eastern spinebills often produce high-pitched, rapid "pip" vocalizations. During courtship, pairs perform flight displays in which the male flies behind the female and they chase in an undulating motion. To initiate this courtship flight, a male will touch his beak to a female's tail. When feeding on flower nectar, eastern spinebills sing a piping territorial song to defend the flower. They raise feathers on their throat and crown and flick their tails 2 to 3 times per second if they feel threatened or when they are ready to fight. Eastern spinebills also perform broken-wing, distraction displays when their nestlings are threatened. Like all birds, eastern spinebills perceive their environment through audio, visual, tactile, and chemical stimuli.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
The exact mating system of eastern spinebills is unknown, but they are likely socially monogamous. A specific pair will nest and tend their brood, but individuals have been observed to make extra-pair copulations. To initiate a courtship flight, a male flies over to a female and either touches the female's tail with his bill or calls loudly. The display lasts for 15 to 30 seconds. They fly in an undulating pattern with the male pursuing the female. Sometimes the female turns around suddenly to face her pursuer and they hover briefly, touching each others' bills. In the end, they land near the location where they began. The courtship can last for over a week with feeding and resting occurring in between. There is no mate defense during courtship, so other male spinebills can come and initiate flight with the same female while the other male is resting or feeding.
Mating System: monogamous
The breeding season occurs from August to December. Both the male and female collect materials suitable for their nest, however only the female actually builds the nest. Females can lay up to 4 eggs, with an average of 2 eggs per clutch, and can lay up to 5 clutches per season. The approximate interval time between two clutches ranges from 37 to 41 days. The average incubation period last 14 days after which the nestlings are born, weighing around 8 g each. It takes an average of 14 days for young to fledge, and they become independent and begin foraging 8 days later. Information on when the young reach sexual maturity is not known, but once the young reach independence they leave the territory while the adults remain.
Breeding interval: Eastern spinebills can breed up to 5 times per season, with a 37 to 41 day interval between clutches.
Breeding season: Eastern spinebills breed between August and December.
Range eggs per season: 1 to 4.
Average eggs per season: 2.
Average time to hatching: 14.4 days.
Average fledging age: 13.7 days.
Average time to independence: 3 weeks.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; oviparous
Incubation is primarily performed by female eastern spinebills, but males will occasionally assist. Both sexes remove fecal sacs when naked nestlings hatch from the eggs and feed the young every 5 to 10 minutes. Although the young occasionally are fed nectar, most of them are fed insects until they are capable of independently feeding on nectar. Nestlings are known to be very noisy while they are fed. After less than 2 weeks the parents encourage the young to fledge. The adults prepare for their subsequent nest 1 to 9 days after the young fledge. While the parents remain in the territory to make a new nest, juveniles leave the territory after being chased by their parents or voluntarily when they become independent.
Parental Investment: altricial ; male parental care ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female)
Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris ye un ave de la familia de los melífagos autóctonu del este d'Australia.
Orixinalmente describióse como Certhia tenuirotris pol ornitólogu John Latham en 1802,[2] Dempués inscribióse-y nel pequeñu xéneru Acanthorhynchus (Gould, 1837)
El nome xenéricu deriva de la traducción al griegu del so nome común n'inglés (Eastern Spinebill): acantho-/ακανθο- "spine" "escayu" y rhynchos/ρυνχος "bill" "picu".[3] El so nome específicu vien del llatín: tenuis "estrechu" and rostrum "picu".
Apocayá los analises d'ADN demostraron que ta rellacionáu a los pardalótidos, y a los Petroicidae dientro de la superfamilia Corvida; dellos investigadores consideren toes estes families dientro de la de los córvidos.
Ye un ave pequeña, mide de 13 a 16 cm de llargu. El machu tien un picu llargu, finu, y curvaú escontra baxo. La cabeza ye de color negru, con gargüelu blancu, colloráu alredor del güeyu, y iris coloráu tamién. El so cogote ye de color marrón acoloratáu, el so envés ye gris y marrón, y el banduyu ye d'un pálidu color anaranxáu. La so cola ye negra con franxes llaterales blanques.
Les femes y los xuveniles son más pequeños y de plumaxe más apagáu.
El so reclamu ye un rápidu pip-pip.[4]
Alcuéntrase, como yá se dixo, nel este d'Australia, sobremanera na franxa costera; dende la zona de Cooktown en Queensland Norte, escontra'l sur al traviés de Nueva Gales del Sur al este de la Gran Cordal Divisoriu; y llegando pel sur a los estaos de Victoria y d'Australia Meridional. Tamién se-y pue atopar na islla de Tasmania.[5]
El so hábitat son les viesques d'esclerófilos y zones de carba xerófito. Ye abondo adautable y habita xardinos y parques n'árees urbanes con abonda vexetación p'actuar como abellu y fonte d'alimentu.
Los sos númberu globales de población son desconocíos pero envalórase que ye una especie numberosa y ensin problemes nin amenaces que faigan peligrar la so población.[6]
La temporada de cría ye d'agostu a avientu, pudiendo tener una o dos niaraes.
El nial tien una estructura de copa fonda; y ta fechu de yerba y corteza rellenáu con plumón. Suel asitiase en dalguna forqueta d'un parrotal o un pequeñu árbol.
Ponen de 2 a 3 güevos. Éstos son de color rosaceu con llurdios y puntos d'un marrón acoloratao. Miden aproximao 17 x 13 mm.[7]
Aliméntase del néctar de munches plantes, incluyendo les flores de los ocalitos, d'especies del xéneru Amyema, de Epacris longiflora,[8] Epacris impressa, Correa reflexa; y dellos miembros de les proteacees como Banksia ericifolia,[9] Banksia integrifolia, Lambertia formosa y Grevillea speciosa, lo mesmo que de munchos pequeños inseutos y otros invertebraos.
En 1982 un estudiu nel Parque Nacional Nueva Inglaterra atopó qu'había un gran aumentu de l'arribación d'estes aves al parque coincidiendo col empiezu del floriamientu de Banksia spinulosa.[8]
Tamién s'atopó que s'alimenten de plantes exótiques como les Fuchsies.[5]
Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies. Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris ye un ave de la familia de los melífagos autóctonu del este d'Australia.
El bec d'espina oriental[1] (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) és un ocell de la família dels melifàgids (Meliphagidae) que habita boscos d'Austràlia, des de l'est de Queensland cap al sud, a través de l'est de Nova Gal·les del Sud, Victòria (Austràlia) i el sud-est d'Austràlia Meridional, fins a Tasmània.
El bec d'espina oriental (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) és un ocell de la família dels melifàgids (Meliphagidae) que habita boscos d'Austràlia, des de l'est de Queensland cap al sud, a través de l'est de Nova Gal·les del Sud, Victòria (Austràlia) i el sud-est d'Austràlia Meridional, fins a Tasmània.
Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Melysor pigfain y Dwyrain (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: melysorion pigfain y Dwyrain) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Eastern spinebill. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Melysorion (Lladin: Meliphagidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.[1]
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn A. tenuirostris, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Awstralia.
Mae'r melysor pigfain y Dwyrain yn perthyn i deulu'r Melysorion (Lladin: Meliphagidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:
Rhestr Wicidata:
rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Melysor San Cristobal Meliarchus sclateriAderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Melysor pigfain y Dwyrain (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: melysorion pigfain y Dwyrain) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Eastern spinebill. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Melysorion (Lladin: Meliphagidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn A. tenuirostris, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Awstralia.
The eastern spinebill (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) is a species of honeyeater found in south-eastern Australia in forest and woodland areas, as well as gardens in urban areas of Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Hobart. It is around 15 cm long, and has a distinctive black, white and chestnut plumage, a red eye, and a long downcurved bill.
Originally described as Certhia tenuirostris by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801,[2] it is a member of the small genus Acanthorhynchus with one other, the western spinebill of Western Australia. The generic name is derived from the Greek translation of spinebill, namely acantho-/ακανθο- 'spine' and rhynchos/ρυνχος 'bill'.[3] Its specific epithet is from Latin tenuis 'narrow' and rostrum 'bill'. Other English names include spine-billed honeyeater and awl-bird or cobbler's awl bird.[4] The eastern spinebill is polytypic, consisting of the subspecies A. t. cairnsensis, A. t. dubius, A. t. halmaturinus, and the nominate subspecies A. t. tenuirostris.[4]
The eastern spinebill forms a superspecies with the closely related western spinebill.[5] Scientists believe the two sister species are descended from a shared ancestor whose once widespread populations were separated by climate change. During a past period of desertification, that ancestor species retreated to refuges in the southwestern and southeastern corners of the continent, and evolved into the two present-day spinebill species.[6] Recent DNA studies have shown that the two spinebills belong to a clade which is a sister taxon to all other honeyeaters.[7]
The male eastern spinebill is 13–16 cm (5–6.5 in) long, and has a long thin downcurved black bill with a black head, white throat with a chestnut patch and red iris.[8] It has a brownish-red nape, a grey-brown back and pale cinnamon underparts.[8] The dark tail is tipped with white laterally.[8] Females are smaller with olive-grey crown, similar in colouring to male but slightly duller; and juveniles are pale warm cinnamon below with grey to olive-brown upperparts, a brown-red eye and orange base to the bill.[9][8][10] The call is a clear, high-pitched, staccato piping "chip-chip-chip", sometimes repeated for lengthy periods.[11][8][9]
Eastern spinebills are found in dry sclerophyll forest, scrub and heathland from the Cooktown area in North Queensland south through New South Wales east of the Great Dividing Range, through Victoria and into the Flinders Ranges in eastern South Australia as well as throughout Tasmania.[11] Adaptable, they can be found in urban gardens with sufficient vegetation to act as cover and a food source.
Breeding season is from August to January, with one or two broods raised. The nest is a deep cup-shaped structure of grass and bark strips, lined with feathers and soft plant fibres, hanging by the rim in the fork of a small bushy tree or shrub, 1–15 m (3–49 ft) above ground.[8] The clutch is one to four, with two being the average, pinkish eggs with dark reddish-brown blotches and spots, 17 mm × 13 mm (0.7 in × 0.5 in) in size.[12] The female incubates the eggs for 13 to 16 days before hatching. Both parents feed the chicks and remove the faecal sacs from the nest.
The eastern spinebill feeds on nectar from many plants, including the blooms of gum trees, mistletoes Amyema spp., Epacris longiflora,[13] Epacris impressa (common heath), Correa reflexa, and various members of the Proteaceae such as Banksia ericifolia,[14] Banksia integrifolia, Lambertia formosa and Grevillea speciosa, as well as small insects and other invertebrates. A 1982 study in the New England National Park in north-eastern New South Wales found that there was a large influx of birds coinciding with the start of flowering of Banksia spinulosa there.[13] They have been known to feed from exotic plants such as fuchsias.[15]
During periods of abundant flowering there may be periods of low nectar production, and it appears that the eastern spinebill responds to these periodic shortages by storing fat during periods of high nectar production, increasing the amount of time spent feeding, or dropping its day-time metabolic rate to night-time levels.[16]
The eastern spinebill (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) is a species of honeyeater found in south-eastern Australia in forest and woodland areas, as well as gardens in urban areas of Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Hobart. It is around 15 cm long, and has a distinctive black, white and chestnut plumage, a red eye, and a long downcurved bill.
El picoespina oriental (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris)[3] es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Meliphagidae autóctona del este de Australia.
Originalmente fue descrito como Certhia tenuirotris por el ornitólogo John Latham en 1802,[4] Después se le inscribió en el pequeño género Acanthorhynchus (Gould, 1837)
El nombre genérico deriva de la traducción al griego de su nombre común en inglés (Eastern Spinebill): acantho-/ακανθο- "spine" "espina" y rhynchos/ρυνχος "bill" "pico".[5] Su nombre específico viene del latín: tenuis "estrecho" and rostrum "pico".
Recientemente los análisis de ADN han demostrado que está relacionado con los pardalótidos, y a los Petroicidae dentro de la superfamilia Corvida; algunos investigadores consideran todas estas familias dentro de la de los córvidos.
Es un ave pequeña, mide de 13 a 16 cm de largo. El macho tiene un pico largo, fino y curvado hacia abajo. La cabeza es de color negro, con garganta blanca, rojo alrededor del ojo, e iris rojo también. Su cogote es de color marrón rojizo, su dorso es gris y marrón, y el vientre es de un pálido color anaranjado. Su cola es negra con franjas laterales blancas.
Las hembras y los juveniles son más pequeños y de plumaje más apagado.
Su reclamo es un rápido pip-pip.[6]
Se localiza, como ya se ha dicho, en el este de Australia, sobre todo en la franja costera; desde la zona de Cooktown en Queensland Norte, hacia el sur a través de Nueva Gales del Sur al este de la Gran Cordillera Divisoria; y llegando por el sur a los estados de Victoriay de Australia Meridional. También se le puede encontrar en la isla de Tasmania.[7]
Su hábitat son los bosques de esclerófilas y zonas de matorral xerófito. Es bastante adaptable y habita jardines y parques en áreas urbanas con suficiente vegetación para actuar como cobijo y fuente de alimento.
Sus número globales de población son desconocidos pero se estima que es una especie numerosa y sin problemas ni amenazas que hagan peligrar su población.[8]
La temporada de cría es de agosto a diciembre, pudiendo tener una o dos nidadas.
El nido tiene una estructura de copa profunda; y está hecho de hierba y corteza rellenado con plumón. Suele situarse en alguna horquilla de un arbusto o un pequeño árbol.
Ponen de dos a tres huevos. Estos son de color rosáceo con manchas y puntos de un marrón rojizo. Miden aproximadamente 17 x 13 mm.[9]
Se alimenta del néctar de muchas plantas, incluyendo las flores de los eucaliptos, de especies del género Amyema, de Epacris longiflora,[10] Epacris impressa, Correa reflexa; y varios miembros de las proteáceas como Banksia ericifolia,[11] Banksia integrifolia, Lambertia formosa y Grevillea speciosa, así como de muchos pequeños insectos y otros invertebrados.
En 1982 un estudio en el Parque nacional Nueva Inglaterra encontró que había un gran aumento de la afluencia de estas aves al parque coincidiendo con el comienzo de la floración de Banksia spinulosa.[10]
También se ha encontrado que se alimentan de plantas exóticas como las Fuchsias.[7]
|coautores= (ayuda) El picoespina oriental (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Meliphagidae autóctona del este de Australia.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Acanthorhynchus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Meliphagidae familian sailkatua dago.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Acanthorhynchus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Meliphagidae familian sailkatua dago.
Naskalivyömesikko (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) on Australian itäosissa tavattava mesikkoihin kuuluva varpuslintu.
Kooltaan naskalivyömesikko on 15–16 cm. Lajin pää on musta. Silmä on väriltään punainen ja nokka on pitkä ja alaspäin kaartuva. Rinta ja kurkku ovat linnulla väriltään valkoiset ja kurkussa on punaruskea läikkä. Vatsa ja selkä ovat naskalivyömesikolla vaalean punaruskeat. Naaras muistuttaa ulkonäöltään koirasta, mutta rinnan kuviointi on epäselvempi.[3]
Naskalivyömesikkoa tavataan Australian itärannikolla. Lajia tavataan alueelta, joka ulottuu Queenslandista rannikkoa pitkin Etelä-Australian itäosiin.[3] Lisäksi lajia tavataan Tasmaniassa ja Kangaroo Islandilla [4]. Linnun elinympäristöä ovat metsät, metsiköt ja nummet. Naskalivyömesikkoa voidaan tavata myös puistoissa ja puutarhoissa. [3]
Naskalivyömesikon ravinto koostuu pääasiassa kukkien medestä ja hyönteisistä. [3] Muiden mesikoiden tavoin kielessä on harjamainen pää, joka sopii hyvin medellä ruokailuun. [5] Puutarhoissa laji imee muun muassa kamelioiden ja verenpisarojen mettä. [4] Mettä imiessään naskalivyömesikot voivat lentää paikallaan kolibrien tapaan.[3]
Naskalivyömesikkojen pesimäkausi kestää elokuusta tammikuulle. Pesä on pieni ja kuppimainen ja rakennetaan tikuista, ruohosta ja puunkuoresta. Pesä sidotaan yhteen hämähäkinseitin ja eläinten karvojen avulla. [3] Naaras munii kahdesta kolmeen vaaleanpunertavaa munaa, joissa on punaisia tai kastanjanruskeita pilkkuja.[4] Naaras hautoo yksin, mutta koiras auttaa ruokkimaan poikasia hyönteisravinnolla.[3]
Naskalivyömesikko (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) on Australian itäosissa tavattava mesikkoihin kuuluva varpuslintu.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris
Le Méliphage à bec grêle (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) est une espèce de passereaux méliphages trouvés dans le sud-est de l'Australie. On le trouve dans les bois clairsemés ainsi que dans les jardins de villes comme Sydney et Melbourne. Il mesure quinze centimètres de long et a un plumage noir, blanc et marron, un œil rouge et un bec incurvé vers le bas caractéristique.
Le mâle mesure 13 à 16 centimètres de long avec un long bec fin noir incurvé vers le bas; la tête est noire, le dos gris brun, la gorge est blanche barrée d'un trait rouge, les yeux sont rouges. La nuque est brun-rouge, le dos est gris-brun et le ventre cannelle. La queue, foncée est bordée de blanc sur les côtés. Les femelles et les jeunes sont plus petits et plus ternes.
On le trouve dans les forêts sclérophylles et les zones broussailleuses depuis la région de Cooktown au nord du Queensland, en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud à l'est de la cordillère australienne, au Victoria et jusque dans la Chaîne de Flinders à l'est de l'Australie-Méridionale ainsi qu'en Tasmanie. Ne craignant pas l'homme, on le trouve dans les jardins où il y a suffisamment de végétation pour lui fournir couvert et abri.
En plus du nectar, il se nourrit d'insectes et d'autres petits animaux ainsi que de baies et de fruits
La saison de reproduction va d'août à décembre avec une à deux couvées. Le nid en forme de coupe profonde est fait de feuilles, d'écorces et de plumes. Il est situé dans la fourche d'un buisson. La couvée est faite de 2 à 3 œufs roses avec des taches d'un rouge brun.
D'après la classification de référence (version 5.2, 2015) du Congrès ornithologique international, cette espèce est constituée des quatre sous-espèces suivantes (ordre phylogénique) :
Femelle
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris
Le Méliphage à bec grêle (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) est une espèce de passereaux méliphages trouvés dans le sud-est de l'Australie. On le trouve dans les bois clairsemés ainsi que dans les jardins de villes comme Sydney et Melbourne. Il mesure quinze centimètres de long et a un plumage noir, blanc et marron, un œil rouge et un bec incurvé vers le bas caractéristique.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris adalah sebuah spesies penghisap madu yang ditemukan di tenggara Australia di wilayah hutan dan tanah berkayu, serta taman-taman di wilayah perkotaan Sydney dan Melbourne. Burung tersebut memiliki panjang sekitar 15 cm
Aslinya disebut sebagai Certhia tenuirostris oleh ornitologis Inggris John Latham pada 1801,[2] hewan tersebut meurpakan anggota dari genus kecil Acanthorhynchus
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris adalah sebuah spesies penghisap madu yang ditemukan di tenggara Australia di wilayah hutan dan tanah berkayu, serta taman-taman di wilayah perkotaan Sydney dan Melbourne. Burung tersebut memiliki panjang sekitar 15 cm
De zwarthalshoningvogel (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) is een zangvogel uit de familie Meliphagidae (honingeters).
Deze soort is endemisch in Australië en telt 4 ondersoorten:
De zwarthalshoningvogel (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) is een zangvogel uit de familie Meliphagidae (honingeters).
Prydhonningeter (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) er en fugl i gruppen Acanthorhynchus i familien honningetere. Den er endemisk til Australia.
Det er beskrevet fire underarter av prydhonningeter[3]:
Denne ornitologirelaterte artikkelen er foreløpig kort eller mangelfull, og du kan hjelpe Wikipedia ved å utvide den. Prydhonningeter (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) er en fugl i gruppen Acanthorhynchus i familien honningetere. Den er endemisk til Australia.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Miodopijek długodzioby (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny miodojadów (Meliphagidae). Gatunek ten zamieszkuje północno-wschodnią część Australii w obszarach leśnych oraz w miejskich ogrodach w Sydney i Melbourne. Sklasyfikowany został przez ornitologa Johna Lathama w roku 1802.
Wyróżniono cztery podgatunki A. tenuirostris[4]:
Długość ciała wynosi 13–16 cm (z tego 2–5 cm przypada na dziób), rozpiętość skrzydeł 18–23 cm, zaś masa ciała – średnio 11 g; ulega ona wahaniom związanym z odkładaniem tłuszczu[5], może wynosić 4–24 g u samca i 7–16 g u samicy[2]. Dymorfizm płciowy w upierzeniu słabo zaznaczony. U samca większość upierzenia jest połyskliwie czarna, szare są pokrywy nadogonowe i wewnętrzna część skrzydła. Można dostrzec biały śliniak ciągnący się aż po brzuch; mniejszy, brązowy, przykrywa jedynie gardło. Niższą część piersi i brzuch porastają pióra od jasnobrązowym po żółtobrązowe. Samice są bardziej oliwkowo-brązowe, a ich śliniak na gardle nie jest tak wyraźnie brązowy, jak u samca. Często są dodatkowo ozdobione białymi plamami rozsianymi po całym ciele. U dorosłych osobników tęczówka ma barwę intensywnie czerwoną, u młodych czarne[5].
Środowiskiem życia miodopijka długodziobego są przeważnie gęste lasy lub lasy o gęstym podszycie. Pospolicie zamieszkują nizinne wrzosowiska, ale zdarzają się i obserwacje na wyższych wysokościach. Okazjonalnie odwiedza wilgotny las równikowy lub las zawsze zielony twardolistny. Przeważnie miodopijki długodziobe przebywają samotnie, w parach lub grupach do 5 osobników. W okolicach z obfitującymi w nektar roślinami niekiedy spotyka się miodopijki długodziobe wraz z przedstawicielami Zosterops, innymi miodojadami lub niewielkimi wróblowymi. Zimą samce zachowują się agresywnie wobec co słabszych samic i odganiają je od nektaru, przez co przyczyniają się do wzrostu ich śmiertelności. Są jednak zmuszone wycofać się przy konflikcie z większymi ptakami, np. miodaczkami białouchymi (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae). Przedstawiciele A. tenuirostris żywią się głównie nektarem, jednak dorosłe w okresie lęgowym lub tuż przed nim żywią się głównie owadami ze względu na tymczasowe niedobory nektaru po zimie. Osobniki młodociane otrzymują wyłącznie bezkręgowce[5].
Lęgi stwierdzano od sierpnia do maja, jednak odbywają się głównie w listopadzie i grudniu[2]. Materiały na gniazdo zbierają oba ptaki z pary, jednak buduje je samica. Składa zwykle 2 jaja (maksymalnie 4), może osiągnąć 5 zniesień na sezon. Przeważnie inkubacja trwa dwa tygodnie, wysiaduje wyłącznie samica. Pisklęta po wykluciu ważą około 8 g. Karmią je oboje rodzice. Przeważnie po 14 dniach są w pełni opierzone, a po kolejnych 8 stają się samodzielne[5].
Miodopijek długodzioby (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny miodojadów (Meliphagidae). Gatunek ten zamieszkuje północno-wschodnią część Australii w obszarach leśnych oraz w miejskich ogrodach w Sydney i Melbourne. Sklasyfikowany został przez ornitologa Johna Lathama w roku 1802.
Rostnackad honungsfågel[2] (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) är en fågel i familjen honungsfåglar inom ordningen tättingar.[3]
Rostnackad honungsfågel delas in i fyra underarter med följande utbredning:[3]
IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.[1]
Adult hane
Adult hona
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör rostnackad honungsfågel.
Wikispecies har information om Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris.
Rostnackad honungsfågel (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) är en fågel i familjen honungsfåglar inom ordningen tättingar.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris là một loài chim ăn mật được tìm thấy ở đông nam nước Úc trong khu vực rừng và đất trồng cây, cũng như các khu vườn trong các khu vực đô thị Sydney và Melbourne, có thể được tìm thấy ở đô thị khu vườn với thảm thực vật đủ để hoạt động như bìa và một nguồn thực phẩm. Nó có bộ long một màu đen màu trắng riêng biệt và màu hạt dẻ, mắt đỏ, và mỏ cong xuống.
Loài này được nhà nghiên cứu chim John Latham mô tả với danh pháp Certhia tenuirostris vào năm 1801, nó là một thành viên của chi Acanthorhynchus.
Mùa đẻ trứng từ tháng 8-tháng 12, với một hoặc hai con non lớn lên. Tổ là một cấu trúc hình cái tách làm bằng cỏ và vỏ cây lót lông, thường là ở ngã ba của một cây nhỏ hoặc cây bụi rậm rạp. Số trứng trong mỗi tổ từ 1-4, với 2 quả là mức là trung bình, trứng màu hồng nhạt với cám chấm tối nâu đỏ, có kích thước 17 x 13 mm[2] Con mái ấp trong 13-16 ngày thì trứng nỏ. Cả chim bố và chim mẹ nuôi con.
Loài chim này ăn mật từ nhiều loài cây, gồm hoa của cây Eucalyptus, Amyema spp., Epacris longiflora,[3] Epacris impressa(common heath), Correa reflexa, and various members of the Proteaceae such as Banksia ericifolia,[4] Banksia integrifolia, Lambertia formosa và Grevillea speciosa, cũng như nhiều loài côn trùng nhỏ và các loài không xương sống khác. Một nghiên cứu năm 1982 trong vườn quốc gia New England ở đông bắc New South Wales phát hiện có một đàn chim lớn bay vào trùng hợp với thời gian bắt đầu nở hoa của loài cây Banksia spinulosa there.[3] Chúng cũng được biết đến là kiếm ăn từ những loài cây ngoại lai du nhập như Fuchsia.[5]
|coauthors= bị phản đối (trợ giúp) Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris là một loài chim ăn mật được tìm thấy ở đông nam nước Úc trong khu vực rừng và đất trồng cây, cũng như các khu vườn trong các khu vực đô thị Sydney và Melbourne, có thể được tìm thấy ở đô thị khu vườn với thảm thực vật đủ để hoạt động như bìa và một nguồn thực phẩm. Nó có bộ long một màu đen màu trắng riêng biệt và màu hạt dẻ, mắt đỏ, và mỏ cong xuống.
Loài này được nhà nghiên cứu chim John Latham mô tả với danh pháp Certhia tenuirostris vào năm 1801, nó là một thành viên của chi Acanthorhynchus.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris (Latham, 1801)
Подвиды
Восточный шилоклювый медосос[1] (лат. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) — вид воробьинообразных птиц из семейства медососовых (Meliphagidae). Встречается в восточной части Австралии[2]. Питается нектаром множества растений, включая цветки эвкалипта (Eucalyptus), Amyema, некоторых представителей эпакриса (Epacris)[3], банксий (Banksia)[4], Lambertia formosa и Grevillea speciosa; помимо нектара питается беспозвоночными[3]. Потомство выводит в августе—декабре[5].
Самец
Самка
|coauthors= (справка)
Это заготовка статьи по орнитологии. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её. Восточный шилоклювый медосос (лат. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) — вид воробьинообразных птиц из семейства медососовых (Meliphagidae). Встречается в восточной части Австралии. Питается нектаром множества растений, включая цветки эвкалипта (Eucalyptus), Amyema, некоторых представителей эпакриса (Epacris), банксий (Banksia), Lambertia formosa и Grevillea speciosa; помимо нектара питается беспозвоночными. Потомство выводит в августе—декабре.
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris cairnsensis
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris dubius
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris halmaturinus
Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris tenuirostris
東尖嘴吸蜜鳥（學名：Acanthorhynchus Tenuirostris）[2] 是一種在澳大利亞東南部森林及林區發現的吸蜜鳥，同時該鳥在悉尼及墨爾本的城市花園地帶也有分佈。東尖嘴吸蜜鳥長約15釐米；羽毛是鮮明的黑色、白色及栗色；眼睛為紅色；鳥喙向下彎曲。
最初在1802年時，鳥類學家约翰·莱瑟姆將這種鳥命名為“東尖嘴旋木雀”（Certhia Tenuirostris）。[3] 它同西澳大利亞發現的西尖嘴吸蜜鳥同是尖嘴吸蜜鸟属（Acanthorhynchus），而尖嘴吸蜜鸟属也僅僅只有這兩種鳥類。跟其他吸蜜鳥一樣，東尖嘴吸蜜鳥也屬於吸蜜鳥科。根據最近的DNA研究發現，雀形目下的吸蜜鳥科鳥類與斑啄果鸟科鳥類（例如：澳大利亞知更鳥）夠具有鴉總科鳥類的特性，因而有生物學家正在考慮重新定義鴉總科。
雄性东尖嘴吸蜜鸟通常身長13至16釐米，其頭部為黑色，并有一個狹長并向下彎曲的鳥喙；前頸為白底羽毛并綴有一塊紅色補丁狀羽毛；眼睛為紅色的虹膜。它的后頸部為棕紅色；背部為灰褐色；腹部為淡肉桂色。黑色的尾巴上有白色的橫向條紋。雌性东尖嘴吸蜜鸟及雛鳥的顏色比較單調，而且體型也要小很多。东尖嘴吸蜜鸟的叫聲急促且尖銳。[4]
东尖嘴吸蜜鸟常在乾燥的硬葉森林、灌木林和石楠荒野被發現，它們分佈于北昆士蘭地區南部的庫克敦（Cooktown）、新南威爾士州大分水岭東部地區、維多利亞州、南澳大利亞州東部的富林德斯山脉（Flinders Ranges）地區和整個塔斯马尼亚州。东尖嘴吸蜜鸟適應性極強，在有充足植被覆蓋和食物來源的城市公園內也可以生存。
东尖嘴吸蜜鸟的繁殖季节从8月一直持续到12月，每对东尖嘴吸蜜鸟会产下一到两窝雏鸟。鸟巢一般是以草或树皮搭建的杯型建筑，内衬羽毛。东尖嘴吸蜜鸟的鸟巢一般搭建在灌木丛或浓密的小乔木上。东尖嘴吸蜜鸟一窝会产下1到4枚蛋，多数为2枚。蛋为粉色并点缀有酱色斑点，斑点为17×13毫米大小。[5] 东尖嘴吸蜜鸟鸟蛋由母鸟孵化，需要13到16天；雏鸟孵化出来后有雌鸟、雄鸟共同养育并清理粪便。
东尖嘴吸蜜鸟的食物以花蜜为主，包括桉树、欧石楠班克木、斑克木等植物的花朵；[6] 当然它们也采食小型昆虫及其他无脊椎动物。现在，东尖嘴吸蜜鸟也能食用一些澳洲外来植物的花蜜，例如：倒挂金钟。[7]
